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Museus e centros culturais virtuais: uma análise sobre o nível de interação e mediação entre o sujeito e o conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Pierobon, Jorge Luiz; Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2091606171398210
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our research on virtual museums and cultural centers (MCCV), more specifically, about their interaction functions and mediation between the subject and the knowledge. We find it appropriate to discuss this issue for two basic reasons, namely, first, we live in a globalized society, connected by the Internet network, where all sorts of business, entertainment, communication and even educational activities are being transmitted and accessed by people all over the world. Second, we see great growth of so‐called educational sites where our attention focuses on MCCV. Thus, we aimed to answer the following questions: What level of interaction and mediation found in MCCV? The MCCV can really be classified as mediators between the subject and knowledge? Can we actually learn something from these MCCV? To answer such questions, we had to: identify and characterize MCCV , identify its origins , languages and settings in digital grafocêntricas constituent societies, analyzing the adopted technologies in teaching and learning. Analyze the theories of Vygotsky, Freire and others on subjects such as: interaction, mediation, learning, education, etc.. Finally, we evaluate the technical level navigation on the websites of MCCV as well as the level of interaction and mediation found these. Thus , present results and final conclusions , where we present an overview of the major points found in the search , and we believe that there is a good level of interaction and mediation in current MCCV , but that there is room for improvement, especially in question interaction, where forums and chats to exchange experiences and clarify doubts , which would have a greater attention to its developers, and also, there is a need for a greater number of tools to use visual deficintes as speakers and increased sources. This study, we are sure, will be useful to science in order to address a point still little studied in graduate programs in education major public universities in Brazil. And finally, we believe it is useful to society, in terms of provision of references for further study and clarification on this matter.
Síntese da sílica MCM-41 usando um surfactante catiônico polimerizável e avaliação na transesterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Silva, Laura Lorena da; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1831331222186951
The masters work presented is result of a great effort provided by the group, which has worked with changes in the synthesis of CTA-MCM-41. The synthesis of the M41S family (composed of mesoporous silica MCM-41, MCM-48 and MCM-50) was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to necessity to processing of molecules larger than 0.75 nm, which is the pore diameter of zeolite Y. Among the silica, the most studied is the MCM-41. When the MCM-41 containing cations CTA in your pores, has catalytic sites with basic character because of the presence of anions siloxy (≡SiO-) associated. In evaluating the basic character of the CTA-MCM-41 in transesterification reactions of monoesters, we obtained satisfactory conversions, but when catalyst was reused, there was loss of catalytic activity due to leaching of cations CTA. With the objective of providing more stability in catalytic transesterification reactions of monoester, have changed the routes of synthesis through the use of monomers like acrylate, methacrylate esters and styrene. For this particular research, arises the innovative proposal to replace the CTABr surfactant (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) used in the synthesis of mesoporous silica by the surfactant synthesized, CADMABr (Cetylallyldimethylammonium bromide), which differs from CTABr by the substitution of a methyl group of the hydrophilic head group by the polymerizable allyl group. To check the formation of the surfactant and the degree of polymerization solution was held elementary chemical analysis (CHN) and nuclear magnetic resonance of 13C (NMR 13C), it was done also the small angles X-ray scattering (SAXS) of dispersions of different concentrations of CTABr and CADMABr to compared the micellar behavior. For characterization of the catalysts synthesized with this new polymerizable surfactant (Surfmer) was held X-ray diffraction for phase identification characteristic of silica, electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results were promising, although the catalytic stability was not achieved in significant way yet. However, the study conducted opens up a range of possibilities for continuation of this theme, as the replacement CTABr by CADMABr makes possible the polymerization without inserting of monomers inside the micelles.
Cuidar da criança exposta ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana: uma trajetória de apreensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Alvarenga, Willyane de Andrade; Dupas, Giselle; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8256140747283328
There is a lot of care to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A parent / caregiver must feel safe and instructed to realize them and so do not increase the exposure of the child. Not only the lack of guidelines, as well as those incomplete or not understood by the mother, can jeopardize the success of treatment and weaken the care given to the child. From this, the motivation for this research that had as general objective to analyze the experience of mothers or caregivers in relation to child care to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and specific objectives to analyze the experience of families in relation to child care to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, with emphasis on the beginning of this trajectory; to know the experience of mother in relation to child care to reduce the risck of postnatal transmission of HIV; to identify the social network / support of caregivers for children exposed to HIV in the postnatal period; and analyzed the experience of women living with HIV in relation to non- breastfeeding of the son. We used the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical and a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was performed in a specialized assistance service for HIV / AIDS in Northeastern Brazil, with 24 mothers, 5 fathers and 7 caregivers (grandparents, aunts and grandmother) of infants born to HIV-infected mothers. As selection criteria for the study, the participant should be caregiver and have children aged up to 18 months, which did not have a complete definition of HIV infection as well as make up in that service. Applied to semi-structured interviews and inductive content analysis, so the themes, categories and subcategories were defined by means of which the temporal dimension of the experience of care for HIV-exposed child, revealed by a trajectory of seizure, was understood. This trajectory starts to the become a mother until the definition of the child's diagnosis, fraught with memorable moments represented by pregnancy, the first month of the child's life and expectations regarding diagnostic disclosure also with regard to the child's future. The results were organized in four scientific papers that comprise the set of related categories. The 1st article brought the category becoming a mother with HIV, related to pregnancy, where the mother imagines her child with HIV, revive the situation before past experience and want the child, in spite of everything. The 2nd article has categories have solitary experience handling of antiretroviral therapy, be attentive to the care of the child, want to omit the presence of HIV and look to the future and fear of disease. The 3rd article met the categories go to specialized service in the dark, have a hope in the specialized service and has the fragile network of support. The 4th article included the category having the dream of breastfeeding frustrated, in which the mother suffers from the inability to breastfeed and have to accept the imposition of infant formula. This study showed different patterns of implementation of the child's treatment, which deserves special attention to ensure no vertical transmission of HIV. The stigma attached to the disease, the fragility of the support network, the frustration of the mother for not breastfeeding, among other feelings such as fear, guilt, sadness, loneliness, joy, relief and faith were part of the care experience. Even with the difficulties in this trajectory, caregivers showed hope in the negative diagnosis of children and commitment to compliance with treatment. The support from some family members of people living with HIV, the physician expert service, and especially of God, did they cope with the situation.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a determinação de arsênio em fertilizantes minerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Machado, Raquel Cardoso; Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6744663235898188
Analytical method for the determination of As in samples of minerals fertilizers by Hydride Generation Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HG AAS) was developed. First of all a study to check the effect of the concomitants on the analytical signal of the As was performed, and the presence of Cu and Ni, in the ratio analyte:interferent (1:10) and (1:1); Fe and Mg (1:500); Ca and Mn (1:50); Zn, Cr and Pb (1:5); and B (1:40) not interfere in the As analytical signal, with recovery within 97 and 103% in samples with the addition of these concomitants. Two procedures of digestion were optimized: using digester block with low pressure vials of PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) closed and cavity microwave oven. A full factorial design was used to investigate the variables (1) type of reagent (HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1) or aqua regia), (2) time (only for digestion block) and (3) concentration of the reagents (diluted 1:1 or not). As answer the recovery of As, normalized between 0 and 1 using the function of desirability was utilized. The optimized conditions by using digester block with PFA vials were: HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1), 4 h of digestion and diluted reagent 1:1. The best conditions for microwave digestion assisted were the same, with total time of 50 min. Concentrations of As also were determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) to results comparison with the use of three different minerals fertilizers that were prepared from the use of the two optimized digestion procedures. The paired t-test was applied to compare the results and no statically difference were observed at 95% of confidence between the amount of As obtained in the sample preparation procedures, though differences between the techniques were observed. Therefore the digestion block can be considered an alternative procedure of minerals fertilizers sample preparation. The detection limit of the method defined as 3 s of background variation was 0.27 μg L-1, and 0.89 μg L-1 as limit of quantification. RSD for As determination at the concentration of 1 μg L-1 was 7.56%; for 7 μg L-1 was 2,28%; and for a solution of 20 μg L-1was 1.54%. Linear range was from1.0 up to 40.0 μg L-1, and 0.9926 of linearity were obtained. To accuracy evaluation, certificate reference material (NIST 695) was used, with recovery of 92 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of As in nine samples of minerals fertilizers.
Sinais sugestivos de transtorno déficit de atenção e hiperatividade de crianças com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Pretti, Liziane Cristina; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859178256073664
Children born premature and extreme birth weight are more likely to have cognitive, neuropathological and behavioral changes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early identification of ADHD is important because it is known that the effects caused by this disorder in school and personal lives may pass into adulthood, and the social and educational impact can cause those students requiring specialized educational assistance. In this sense, the present study aimed at identifying early signs suggestive of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children at 3 years of age with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight. The sample comprised 29 children with a history of extreme prematurity and low birth weight with 3 years old now, enrolled in municipal schools. Participants were first characterized with the CCEB (Economic Classification Criterion Brazil) to homogenize the sample. After, were evaluated with the SDQ questionnaire version Pa 3/4 years (for the parents) and version Pr 3/4 years (for teachers). We also used the Denver II screening test in order to evaluate the overall development of these children and relate to behavioral findings. From the statistical correlation - Pearson Correlation - the data we found that there was a significant correlation between the variables IG with hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pa (R= -,465*), correlation between IG and birth weight with the hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pr ( R= -,528**; R= -,429*, respectivamente). All these correlations were significantly negative which confirms findings in the literature, that is, the lower gestational age and birth weight, the greater are the chances of having behavioral problems suggestive of ADHD. It was also verified that parents and teachers rated similarly children's development. It is concluded that children with a history of preterm birth and low birth weight have signs suggestive of ADHD at 3 years of age, and that the performance of screening for early detection of these signals facilitates therapeutic intervention and can thereby reduce the performance impact academic school with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight.
Função pulmonar e teste de caminhada de seis minutos em indivíduos com doença falciforme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Ohara, Daniela Gonçalves; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9253801829027802
Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by a genetic mutation in beta hemoglobin chain, causing dysfunctions in the body, such as pulmonary function and functional capacity. Objective: To assessment the changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in patients with sickle cell disease, as well as identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: Descriptive transversal study, exploratory and quantitative methodology, in which 21 subjects with sickle cell disease were evaluated (29±6 years), regarding sociodemographic, anthropometric, lung function (spirometry), respiratory (manovacuometer) and peripheral (Handgrip strength - HS) muscle strength and functional capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT). Proceeded to statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Paired t Student, Wilcoxon, Pearson and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). Results: It was observed changes in pulmonary function in 47.6% of subjects, 42.8% had a restrictive ventilatory pattern (RVP) and 4.8% had mixed ventilatory pattern. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) presented predicted value below for women (obtained: 64±13cmH2O/ predicted: 93±2cmH2O) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), HS and distance walked during 6MWT had values below of predicted for men (obtained values: 103±27cmH2O; 39±7Kgf; 447±62m and predicted values: 143±5cmH2O; 45±1Kgf; 731±61m, respectively) and women (obtained values: 64±17cmH2O; 27±7Kgf; 405±71m and predicted values: 94±2cmH2O; 33±1Kgf; 683±30m, respectively). Positive correlations was observed of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) with MEP (r = 0.4; p=0.046) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.6; p=0.003); and HS with MIP (r = 0.7; p=0.001), MEP (r = 0.6; p=0.002), MVV (r = 0.5; p=0.015), distance walked in 6MWT (r = 0.4; p=0.038) and BMI (r=0.6; p=0.004). Conclusion: DF promoted changes in lung function and functional capacity, which predominated a RVP and reduced tolerance to physical exertion. In addition, these variables correlated with each other.
Trauma e histórico de vitimização na escola: um estudo retrospectivo com estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Albuquerque, Paloma Pegolo de; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6930633065111660
School victimization may favor the occurrence of traumatic symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis had the following objectives: validate the American retrospective instrument Student Alienation and Trauma Survey - R (SATS-R), to Brazil, in terms of construct and content validity; characterize how violence is expressed at school, identifying the main types of violence, the worst school events experienced by students, the frequency and duration of these events, main perpetrators, as well as victims' characteristics (age, grade and type of school); investigate the occurrence of traumatic symptoms, especially PTSD, after the worst school experience; analyze the association between PTSD symptoms and variables associated with the worst school experience, and investigate the relationship between the explanatory variables (individual characteristics and aversive school experiences), and development of PTSD symptoms, using an ordinal logistic regression model. The study included 691 students (54.8% female and 45.2% male), of a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil, who responded to Portuguese versions of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey-R (SATS-R) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C). In terms of content validity, the following procedures were conducted: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, instrument analysis by experts in the field, and a sample assessment of the target population; for construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conduct and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. The study results indicate the feasibility of using the instrument in the Brazilian context for research purposes. Frequency of victimization types reported by participants were: relational violence (at least one item reported by 85.2%); verbal violence (77.7%); physical violence (50.8%); unfair discipline (43.1%); property violence (33.4%); witnessing violence (27.9%); and sexual violence (21.4%). The most frequent types of worst school experiences described were: relational (35.7%), and verbal violence (27.4%). Girls experienced more episodes of verbal, relational and sexual violence, and boys experienced more physical violence and unfair discipline, and the aggressors were mostly male students. The mean age when these worst experiences occurred was 12.3 years, and although most events occurred at low frequency and with short duration, a considerable percentage of participants indicated a duration of "years", particularly in verbal and relational victimization cases. Most participants indicated that they were greatly bothered by their worst school experience, and 7.8% had PTSD symptons after experiencing this event. The percentage of participants with clinically significant scores on the subscales ranged from 4.7% (somatic symptoms) to 20% (hypervigilance), and described symptoms frequently in the literature, such as depression, hopelessness, cognitive difficulties and traumatic event recollection. Significant variables for the regression model were: age, duration and discomfort after the worst experience; relational violence; and verbal violence. In general, student who expressed the greatest discomfort, reported traumatic experiences that were longer in duration, occured when they were older, and the greater the number of verbal and relational victimization events experienced, the greater the possibility of presenting clinically significant symptoms of PTSD. Despite the limitations of the retrospective methodo, the study obtained interesting results which coincide with the literature, drawing attention to the long-term effects of school victimization. In addition, these results may contribute to the development of new research on the topic, as well as offering treatment parameters for victims who were traumatized in school, improving school violence prevention programs.
Aplicação de espectroscopia raman e análise multivariada na caracterização e monitoramento in situ da síntese de cocristais de carbamazepina-nicotinamida e ibuprofenonicotinamida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20) Soares, Frederico Luis Felipe; Carneiro, Renato Lajarim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1064620847107189
In this work, the PAT tools were used (Raman spectroscopy with an in situ analyzer and multivariate tools) to proceed a crystallization monitoring and quantification of cocrystals of carbamazepine nicotinamide (CBZ NCT) and ibuprofen nicotinamide (IBP NCT). At first, it was performed the cocrystals syntheses that would be used as standard cocrystal during the course of this work, employing a method described in the literature. These crystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. After the confirmation of the crystalline structure by the solid state analytical techniques, these crystals were used on a mixture design with three components (cocrystal, coformer A and coformer B) to develop an analytical curve employed in the quantification of the cocrystals. It was evaluated with the solid state analytical technique and quantification chemometrics methods, such as the PLS, which enabled a better cocrystal quantification among its coformers. Raman spectroscopy was the technique that presented the lowest error values, both in calibration and validation stages, with square mean errors of prediction ranging from 1.5 4.5 % for each analyte. For cocrystal synthesis and monitoring, it was used as a crystallization reaction procedure. Thus, it was prepared using a nicotinamide solution in water with a concentration near saturation level. This solution was added to the coformer, in solid state. The reactions were performed at different temperatures and monitored by the Raman spectroscopy. For both cocrystals, it was possible to observe a crystallization with a high yield from 60 °C, being the fact unpublished by the literature, since most of the cocrystallization reactions use organic solvents. The employment of multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) enabled to observe distinctly the main points of the reaction, such as drugs dissolution, crystal nucleation and cocrystal crystallization, which can be easily employed on a routine procedure in the pharmaceutical industry.