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Trauma e histórico de vitimização na escola: um estudo retrospectivo com estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Albuquerque, Paloma Pegolo de
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6930633065111660
School victimization may favor the occurrence of traumatic symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis had the following objectives: validate the American retrospective instrument Student Alienation and Trauma Survey - R (SATS-R), to Brazil, in terms of construct and content validity; characterize how violence is expressed at school, identifying the main types of violence, the worst school events experienced by students, the frequency and duration of these events, main perpetrators, as well as victims' characteristics (age, grade and type of school); investigate the occurrence of traumatic symptoms, especially PTSD, after the worst school experience; analyze the association between PTSD symptoms and variables associated with the worst school experience, and investigate the relationship between the explanatory variables (individual characteristics and aversive school experiences), and development of PTSD symptoms, using an ordinal logistic regression model. The study included 691 students (54.8% female and 45.2% male), of a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil, who responded to Portuguese versions of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey-R (SATS-R) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C). In terms of content validity, the following procedures were conducted: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, instrument analysis by experts in the field, and a sample assessment of the target population; for construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conduct and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. The study results indicate the feasibility of using the instrument in the Brazilian context for research purposes. Frequency of victimization types reported by participants were: relational violence (at least one item reported by 85.2%); verbal violence (77.7%); physical violence (50.8%); unfair discipline (43.1%); property violence (33.4%); witnessing violence (27.9%); and sexual violence (21.4%). The most frequent types of worst school experiences described were: relational (35.7%), and verbal violence (27.4%). Girls experienced more episodes of verbal, relational and sexual violence, and boys experienced more physical violence and unfair discipline, and the aggressors were mostly male students. The mean age when these worst experiences occurred was 12.3 years, and although most events occurred at low frequency and with short duration, a considerable percentage of participants indicated a duration of "years", particularly in verbal and relational victimization cases. Most participants indicated that they were greatly bothered by their worst school experience, and 7.8% had PTSD symptons after experiencing this event. The percentage of participants with clinically significant scores on the subscales ranged from 4.7% (somatic symptoms) to 20% (hypervigilance), and described symptoms frequently in the literature, such as depression, hopelessness, cognitive difficulties and traumatic event recollection. Significant variables for the regression model were: age, duration and discomfort after the worst experience; relational violence; and verbal violence. In general, student who expressed the greatest discomfort, reported traumatic experiences that were longer in duration, occured when they were older, and the greater the number of verbal and relational victimization events experienced, the greater the possibility of presenting clinically significant symptoms of PTSD. Despite the limitations of the retrospective methodo, the study obtained interesting results which coincide with the literature, drawing attention to the long-term effects of school victimization. In addition, these results may contribute to the development of new research on the topic, as well as offering treatment parameters for victims who were traumatized in school, improving school violence prevention programs.
Cuidar da criança exposta ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana: uma trajetória de apreensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Alvarenga, Willyane de Andrade
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Dupas, Giselle
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8256140747283328
There is a lot of care to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A parent / caregiver must feel safe and instructed to realize them and so do not increase the exposure of the child. Not only the lack of guidelines, as well as those incomplete or not understood by the mother, can jeopardize the success of treatment and weaken the care given to the child. From this, the motivation for this research that had as general objective to analyze the experience of mothers or caregivers in relation to child care to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and specific objectives to analyze the experience of families in relation to child care to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, with emphasis on the beginning of this trajectory; to know the experience of mother in relation to child care to reduce the risck of postnatal transmission of HIV; to identify the social network / support of caregivers for children exposed to HIV in the postnatal period; and analyzed the experience of women living with HIV in relation to non- breastfeeding of the son. We used the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical and a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was performed in a specialized assistance service for HIV / AIDS in Northeastern Brazil, with 24 mothers, 5 fathers and 7 caregivers (grandparents, aunts and grandmother) of infants born to HIV-infected mothers. As selection criteria for the study, the participant should be caregiver and have children aged up to 18 months, which did not have a complete definition of HIV infection as well as make up in that service. Applied to semi-structured interviews and inductive content analysis, so the themes, categories and subcategories were defined by means of which the temporal dimension of the experience of care for HIV-exposed child, revealed by a trajectory of seizure, was understood. This trajectory starts to the become a mother until the definition of the child's diagnosis, fraught with memorable moments represented by pregnancy, the first month of the child's life and expectations regarding diagnostic disclosure also with regard to the child's future. The results were organized in four scientific papers that comprise the set of related categories. The 1st article brought the category becoming a mother with HIV, related to pregnancy, where the mother imagines her child with HIV, revive the situation before past experience and want the child, in spite of everything. The 2nd article has categories have solitary experience handling of antiretroviral therapy, be attentive to the care of the child, want to omit the presence of HIV and look to the future and fear of disease. The 3rd article met the categories go to specialized service in the dark, have a hope in the specialized service and has the fragile network of support. The 4th article included the category having the dream of breastfeeding frustrated, in which the mother suffers from the inability to breastfeed and have to accept the imposition of infant formula. This study showed different patterns of implementation of the child's treatment, which deserves special attention to ensure no vertical transmission of HIV. The stigma attached to the disease, the fragility of the support network, the frustration of the mother for not breastfeeding, among other feelings such as fear, guilt, sadness, loneliness, joy, relief and faith were part of the care experience. Even with the difficulties in this trajectory, caregivers showed hope in the negative diagnosis of children and commitment to compliance with treatment. The support from some family members of people living with HIV, the physician expert service, and especially of God, did they cope with the situation.
Museus e centros culturais virtuais: uma análise sobre o nível de interação e mediação entre o sujeito e o conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Pierobon, Jorge Luiz
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2091606171398210
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our research on virtual museums and cultural centers (MCCV), more specifically, about their interaction functions and mediation between the subject and the knowledge. We find it appropriate to discuss this issue for two basic reasons, namely, first, we live in a globalized society, connected by the Internet network, where all sorts of business, entertainment, communication and even educational activities are being transmitted and accessed by people all over the world. Second, we see great growth of so‐called educational sites where our attention focuses on MCCV. Thus, we aimed to answer the following questions: What level of interaction and mediation found in MCCV? The MCCV can really be classified as mediators between the subject and knowledge? Can we actually learn something from these MCCV? To answer such questions, we had to: identify and characterize MCCV , identify its origins , languages and settings in digital grafocêntricas constituent societies, analyzing the adopted technologies in teaching and learning. Analyze the theories of Vygotsky, Freire and others on subjects such as: interaction, mediation, learning, education, etc.. Finally, we evaluate the technical level navigation on the websites of MCCV as well as the level of interaction and mediation found these. Thus , present results and final conclusions , where we present an overview of the major points found in the search , and we believe that there is a good level of interaction and mediation in current MCCV , but that there is room for improvement, especially in question interaction, where forums and chats to exchange experiences and clarify doubts , which would have a greater attention to its developers, and also, there is a need for a greater number of tools to use visual deficintes as speakers and increased sources. This study, we are sure, will be useful to science in order to address a point still little studied in graduate programs in education major public universities in Brazil. And finally, we believe it is useful to society, in terms of provision of references for further study and clarification on this matter.
Síntese da sílica MCM-41 usando um surfactante catiônico polimerizável e avaliação na transesterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Silva, Laura Lorena da
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Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1831331222186951
The masters work presented is result of a great effort provided by the group, which has worked with changes in the synthesis of CTA-MCM-41. The synthesis of the M41S family (composed of mesoporous silica MCM-41, MCM-48 and MCM-50) was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to necessity to processing of molecules larger than 0.75 nm, which is the pore diameter of zeolite Y. Among the silica, the most studied is the MCM-41. When the MCM-41 containing cations CTA in your pores, has catalytic sites with basic character because of the presence of anions siloxy (≡SiO-) associated. In evaluating the basic character of the CTA-MCM-41 in transesterification reactions of monoesters, we obtained satisfactory conversions, but when catalyst was reused, there was loss of catalytic activity due to leaching of cations CTA. With the objective of providing more stability in catalytic transesterification reactions of monoester, have changed the routes of synthesis through the use of monomers like acrylate, methacrylate esters and styrene. For this particular research, arises the innovative proposal to replace the CTABr surfactant (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) used in the synthesis of mesoporous silica by the surfactant synthesized, CADMABr (Cetylallyldimethylammonium bromide), which differs from CTABr by the substitution of a methyl group of the hydrophilic head group by the polymerizable allyl group. To check the formation of the surfactant and the degree of polymerization solution was held elementary chemical analysis (CHN) and nuclear magnetic resonance of 13C (NMR 13C), it was done also the small angles X-ray scattering (SAXS) of dispersions of different concentrations of CTABr and CADMABr to compared the micellar behavior. For characterization of the catalysts synthesized with this new polymerizable surfactant (Surfmer) was held X-ray diffraction for phase identification characteristic of silica, electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results were promising, although the catalytic stability was not achieved in significant way yet. However, the study conducted opens up a range of possibilities for continuation of this theme, as the replacement CTABr by CADMABr makes possible the polymerization without inserting of monomers inside the micelles.
Sinais sugestivos de transtorno déficit de atenção e hiperatividade de crianças com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Pretti, Liziane Cristina
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859178256073664
Children born premature and extreme birth weight are more likely to have cognitive, neuropathological and behavioral changes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early identification of ADHD is important because it is known that the effects caused by this disorder in school and personal lives may pass into adulthood, and the social and educational impact can cause those students requiring specialized educational assistance. In this sense, the present study aimed at identifying early signs suggestive of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children at 3 years of age with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight. The sample comprised 29 children with a history of extreme prematurity and low birth weight with 3 years old now, enrolled in municipal schools. Participants were first characterized with the CCEB (Economic Classification Criterion Brazil) to homogenize the sample. After, were evaluated with the SDQ questionnaire version Pa 3/4 years (for the parents) and version Pr 3/4 years (for teachers). We also used the Denver II screening test in order to evaluate the overall development of these children and relate to behavioral findings. From the statistical correlation - Pearson Correlation - the data we found that there was a significant correlation between the variables IG with hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pa (R= -,465*), correlation between IG and birth weight with the hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pr ( R= -,528**; R= -,429*, respectivamente). All these correlations were significantly negative which confirms findings in the literature, that is, the lower gestational age and birth weight, the greater are the chances of having behavioral problems suggestive of ADHD. It was also verified that parents and teachers rated similarly children's development. It is concluded that children with a history of preterm birth and low birth weight have signs suggestive of ADHD at 3 years of age, and that the performance of screening for early detection of these signals facilitates therapeutic intervention and can thereby reduce the performance impact academic school with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight.
Função pulmonar e teste de caminhada de seis minutos em indivíduos com doença falciforme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Ohara, Daniela Gonçalves
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9253801829027802
Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by a genetic mutation in beta hemoglobin chain, causing dysfunctions in the body, such as pulmonary function and functional capacity. Objective: To assessment the changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in patients with sickle cell disease, as well as identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: Descriptive transversal study, exploratory and quantitative methodology, in which 21 subjects with sickle cell disease were evaluated (29±6 years), regarding sociodemographic, anthropometric, lung function (spirometry), respiratory (manovacuometer) and peripheral (Handgrip strength - HS) muscle strength and functional capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT). Proceeded to statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Paired t Student, Wilcoxon, Pearson and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). Results: It was observed changes in pulmonary function in 47.6% of subjects, 42.8% had a restrictive ventilatory pattern (RVP) and 4.8% had mixed ventilatory pattern. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) presented predicted value below for women (obtained: 64±13cmH2O/ predicted: 93±2cmH2O) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), HS and distance walked during 6MWT had values below of predicted for men (obtained values: 103±27cmH2O; 39±7Kgf; 447±62m and predicted values: 143±5cmH2O; 45±1Kgf; 731±61m, respectively) and women (obtained values: 64±17cmH2O; 27±7Kgf; 405±71m and predicted values: 94±2cmH2O; 33±1Kgf; 683±30m, respectively). Positive correlations was observed of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) with MEP (r = 0.4; p=0.046) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.6; p=0.003); and HS with MIP (r = 0.7; p=0.001), MEP (r = 0.6; p=0.002), MVV (r = 0.5; p=0.015), distance walked in 6MWT (r = 0.4; p=0.038) and BMI (r=0.6; p=0.004). Conclusion: DF promoted changes in lung function and functional capacity, which predominated a RVP and reduced tolerance to physical exertion. In addition, these variables correlated with each other.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a determinação de arsênio em fertilizantes minerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Machado, Raquel Cardoso
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6744663235898188
Analytical method for the determination of As in samples of minerals fertilizers by Hydride Generation Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HG AAS) was developed. First of all a study to check the effect of the concomitants on the analytical signal of the As was performed, and the presence of Cu and Ni, in the ratio analyte:interferent (1:10) and (1:1); Fe and Mg (1:500); Ca and Mn (1:50); Zn, Cr and Pb (1:5); and B (1:40) not interfere in the As analytical signal, with recovery within 97 and 103% in samples with the addition of these concomitants. Two procedures of digestion were optimized: using digester block with low pressure vials of PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) closed and cavity microwave oven. A full factorial design was used to investigate the variables (1) type of reagent (HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1) or aqua regia), (2) time (only for digestion block) and (3) concentration of the reagents (diluted 1:1 or not). As answer the recovery of As, normalized between 0 and 1 using the function of desirability was utilized. The optimized conditions by using digester block with PFA vials were: HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1), 4 h of digestion and diluted reagent 1:1. The best conditions for microwave digestion assisted were the same, with total time of 50 min. Concentrations of As also were determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) to results comparison with the use of three different minerals fertilizers that were prepared from the use of the two optimized digestion procedures. The paired t-test was applied to compare the results and no statically difference were observed at 95% of confidence between the amount of As obtained in the sample preparation procedures, though differences between the techniques were observed. Therefore the digestion block can be considered an alternative procedure of minerals fertilizers sample preparation. The detection limit of the method defined as 3 s of background variation was 0.27 μg L-1, and 0.89 μg L-1 as limit of quantification. RSD for As determination at the concentration of 1 μg L-1 was 7.56%; for 7 μg L-1 was 2,28%; and for a solution of 20 μg L-1was 1.54%. Linear range was from1.0 up to 40.0 μg L-1, and 0.9926 of linearity were obtained. To accuracy evaluation, certificate reference material (NIST 695) was used, with recovery of 92 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of As in nine samples of minerals fertilizers.
Aplicação de espectroscopia raman e análise multivariada na caracterização e monitoramento in situ da síntese de cocristais de carbamazepina-nicotinamida e ibuprofenonicotinamida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Soares, Frederico Luis Felipe
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1064620847107189
In this work, the PAT tools were used (Raman spectroscopy with an in situ analyzer and multivariate tools) to proceed a crystallization monitoring and quantification of cocrystals of carbamazepine nicotinamide (CBZ NCT) and ibuprofen nicotinamide (IBP NCT). At first, it was performed the cocrystals syntheses that would be used as standard cocrystal during the course of this work, employing a method described in the literature. These crystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. After the confirmation of the crystalline structure by the solid state analytical techniques, these crystals were used on a mixture design with three components (cocrystal, coformer A and coformer B) to develop an analytical curve employed in the quantification of the cocrystals. It was evaluated with the solid state analytical technique and quantification chemometrics methods, such as the PLS, which enabled a better cocrystal quantification among its coformers. Raman spectroscopy was the technique that presented the lowest error values, both in calibration and validation stages, with square mean errors of prediction ranging from 1.5 4.5 % for each analyte. For cocrystal synthesis and monitoring, it was used as a crystallization reaction procedure. Thus, it was prepared using a nicotinamide solution in water with a concentration near saturation level. This solution was added to the coformer, in solid state. The reactions were performed at different temperatures and monitored by the Raman spectroscopy. For both cocrystals, it was possible to observe a crystallization with a high yield from 60 °C, being the fact unpublished by the literature, since most of the cocrystallization reactions use organic solvents. The employment of multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) enabled to observe distinctly the main points of the reaction, such as drugs dissolution, crystal nucleation and cocrystal crystallization, which can be easily employed on a routine procedure in the pharmaceutical industry.
Transport phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional heterostructures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Dias, Mariama Rebello de Sousa
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Richard, Victor Lopez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0638704940221279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9972552337847809
O crescimento e caracterização de sistemas de heteroestruturas semicondutoras quasi-unidimensionais têm atraído grande interesse devido à sua potencial de aplicação tecnológica, como foto-detectores, dispositivos opto-eletrônicos assim como seu para o processamento de informação quântica e aplicações em fotônica. O objetivo desta tese é o estudo das propriedades de transporte eletrônico e de spin em sistemas semicondutores quasi-unidimensionais, especificamente trataremos de nanofios (NWs) homogêneos, NWs acoplados, NWs do tipo plano-geminado (TP), diodos de tunelamento ressonante (ETD) e cadeias de pontos quânticos (QDCS). Escolhemos o método k-p, particularmente o Hamiltoniano de Luttinger, para descrever os efeitos de confinamento e tensão biaxial. Este sugeriu uma modulação do caráter do estado fundamental que, complementada com a dinâmica fônons fornecidas pelas simulações da Dinâmica Molecular (MD), permitiu a descrição da modulação da mobilidade de buracos por emissão ou absorção de fônons. Em relação ao sistema de NWs acoplado,estudamos, através do método da matriz de transferência (TMM), as propriedades de transporte de elétrons e spin sob a interação de spin-órbita (SOI) de Eashba, localizada na região de acoplamento entre fios. Foram consideradas várias configurações de tensões de gate (Vg) aplicadas nos fios. Desse modo, compreendemos a modulação do transporte de spin quando esse é projetado no direção-z através da combinação do SOI e das dimensionalidades do sistema. Da mesma forma, a combinação de SOI e da Vg aplicada deu origem a modulação da polarização, quando o spin medido é projetado na mesma direção em que o SOI de Eashba atua, a direção y. Usando o TMM, exploramos as propriedades de transporte de um DBS e o efeito de uma resistência em série com o intuito de provar a natureza da biestabilidade das curvas características I V bem como o aumento de sua área com temperatura, resultados fornecidos por experimentos. O modelo indicou que aumentando da resistência pela diminuição sa temperatura aumenta a área biestável. A presença de uma hetero-junção adicional ao sistema induz uma densidade de carga nas suas interfaces. De acordo com esta configuração, a queda de tensão total do ETDS muda, podendo ser confirmada experimentalmente. A formação dos peculiares campos de deformação e sua influência sobre a estrutura eletrônicas e propriedades de transporte em superredes de TP foi estudada sistematicamente. Assim, as propriedades de transporte, de ambos os elétrons e buracos, pode ser sintonizada eficientemente, mesmo no caso de elétrons r em sistemas de blenda de zinco, contrastando com a prevista transparência de elétrons r em superredes de semicondutores III-V heteroestruturados. Além disso, constatamos que a probabilidade de transmissão para buracos da banda de valência também poderia ser efetivamente modificada através de uma tensão externa.Por fim, colaboradores sintetizaram com sucesso sistemas de QDCs de InGaAs através da epitaxia de feixe molecular e engenharia de tensão. Um comportamento anisotrópico da condutância com a temperatura foi observado em QDCs com diferentes concentrações de dopagem, medida realizada ao longo e entre os QDCs. O modelo teórico 1D de hoppíng desenvolvido mostrou que a presença de estados OD modela a resposta anisotrópica da condutância neste sistemas.
Reforma a vapor do ácido acético sobre catalisadores de Ni/Al2O3: estudo das rotas reacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Burak, Jorge Augusto Mendes
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3189269594893239
Acetic acid (AA), one majority substance contained in the bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis, was used as a model molecule for study of reaction routes of steam reforming on Ni/θ-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalyst containing 15% nickel (w/w), prepared by wet impregnation in a θ-Al2O3. The samples were characterized: nitrogen adsorption, ammonia desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and thermogravimetric analysis. The reaction routes were studied using: a) temperature programmed desorption (TPD), b) temperature programmed decomposition e c) temperature programmed steam reforming (TPSR) with ratios of 3:1, 6:1 or 9:1 of H2O: AA. The results of TPD where AA was adsorbed and decomposed in function of temperature, show simultaneous desorption of CO, CO2, H2 and CH4 which is explained by the formation of acetic anhydride on the surface of Ni which decomposes into CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* and then CO, CO2 and H2. The TPSR results suggest that the reaction route of decomposition and reform of AA depend on the temperature and the ratio H2O:AA. At low temperatures (< 650 K) and low ratios H2O:AA has the formation of CO and CO2 via bond breaking C-C of species CH3COO* and CH3CO* formed from acetic anhydride. With increasing temperature the anhydride formation is disfavored, in region between 600-800 K, there is interaction and dimerization of AA molecule adsorbed on Ni, which leads to the formation of C2H4. At the same time to this reaction, the formation of CH4 is verified by the hydrogenation CH3* species formed by breaking of CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* species. In high temperatures (> 800 K) methane formation is favored, possibly by decomposition of species CH3 in C* e H2, C* is oxidized by water. In highest ratio (9:1), the formation of the anhydride is not favored and the reforming reactions occur via decomposition of CH3COO* species. In low temperature, formation of CH4 is not observed and the oxidation of CH3* species may occur via the formation of formates. With increasing temperature oxidation of these CH3* radicals via pyrolytic should be favored.
A educação em dois impérios: um estudo da obra de Machado de Assis e de Dostoiévski
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Calabresi, Luis Henrique de Freitas
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316558470130733
This study aims at analyzing the existence of educational elements in common between Brazil and Russia during the 19th century through the reading of literary works by Machado de Assis and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Research publications in the area of History, in broader terms, and in the area of the History of Education, specifically, concerning these two countries and this period were used, as well as the literary criticism which can contribute to clarify historical connections in the literary works by our selected authors. Many aspects in common were found in the Brazilian and the Russian education in the 19th century, such as, for example, the educational institutions strong elitist emphasis, a connection between higher education and social prestige, and a critical perspective by Machado de Assis and Fyodor Dostoevsky towards the intense influx of European ideas and models in Brazil and in Russia in this period, among which we emphasize the educational aspects. Systematic education, brought from Europe to Brazil and Russia, were contradictory elements in these two countries. On the one hand the schooling initiatives were necessary to the modernizing processes in these societies. On the other hand, there was a series of social distortions and incompatibilities resulting from their adoption. Both of our selected authors maintained similar stances regarding this subject, focusing on criticism towards the adoption of European educational models in their countries.
A prática pedagógica na educação a distância transformando a docência: uma análise sobre saberes e desenvolvimento profissional de tutores virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Chaquime, Luciane Penteado
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6334000944566026
The flow of information and quick and easy access that you have to them due to the spread of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) is a hallmark of contemporaneity. This scenario originated from the productive and organizational restructuring from capitalism and soon expanded to other social spheres, including education. The insertion of DICT in educational processes enhances the Distance Education (DE) as a way of teaching and learning and redefines the roles of both learner and the teachers. New knowledge and techniques are required from this professional to act as mediator and motivator of educational relationships established in this modality. Such knowledge and expertise, in most cases, are not constructed during initial training and, thus, teaching the way from the experiences they experience in their daily lives. Then, it is understood that the virtual teacher, through their teaching, while that formed and enhances professionally, maturing as a teacher, can also transform their practice in relation to classroom education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the changes that occur in teaching from the everyday pedagogical practice in distance education, having as subject the teachers who work in virtual courses in Management, Computer for Internet and Profuncionário offered by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (FISP) through e-Tec Network Brazil. To do so, four specific objectives were elaborated, namely: to identify and analyze possible discrepancies between the prescribed profile and the established profile of virtual teachers of e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP; to map the knowledge built by the teachers throughout the educational experience in DE, identifying their nature; to analyze the perception of teachers in relation to virtual transformations that their practice has suffered through the experience in distance education; to identify and list the key elements that during their practice in distance education, contribute to the maturation/redefinition of the concept of virtual teaching from e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP. Given the research objectives, we used methodological triangulation, in other words, have combined procedures and quantitative and qualitative analysis throughout the investigation. The analyzes show that the pedagogical practice in distance education transforms teaching, because the teachers has the opportunity to review the knowledge basis required for their profession, including expanding it with the construction of new knowledge; through this construction, the teachers have the opportunity to reflect on their role in society, maturing/redefining their identity and conception about the profession; it can constitute an opportunity for professional development for the teachers when understood as a re-professionalization of teaching.
Escrita acadêmica e identidade: o processo de apropriação de gêneros acadêmicos por graduandos indígenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Gomes, Glaucia Regina
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742553254564339
Due to the challenges faced by the indigenous graduates when entering the university, taking the academic writing in general into consideration, this study aims to investigate how the process of appropriation of academic genres affect these groups in relation to their identity. The identification, the comprehension and the analysis of this context were held from the theoretical conceptions of the New Literacy Studies (STREET, 1984; GEE, 2004; LEA & STREET, 1998; KLEIMAN, 2007, among others), as well from assumptions that aim at the teaching, the analysis of academic genres (MATENCIO, 2002; MACHADO, LOUSADA E ABREU-TARDELLI, 2004A; 2004B, among others), and also the identity conceptions (GIDDENS, 1991, 2002). From this perspective, it is considered that the Academic Literacy differs from literacy of other spheres, because it presents particular forms of being, thinking, acting, reading and writing that are fit at this sphere, so the College student, in order to acquire fluency in Academic Discourse, must master them. On the assumption, that the genres of discourse mediate social practices and they participate of the Constitution of social relations, of values, of identities (MEURER 2005), we understand that the domain of written texts of different genres promotes the development of the ability of language use by the subject and they constitute the subject himself as such (SCHNEUWLY, 2004). Thereby, the academic genre is our focus that can be considered as complex genre, secondary (BAKHTIN, 2000). To develop such research, we used our studies along our graduate school at Federal University of São Carlos, among them: the activities in ACIEPES3 in the years of 2010 and 2011, individualized care and access to textual written productions of indigenous from various courses4, from the approval of the Ethics Committee, under the number of the certificate of introduction to Ethics Assessment (CAAE) 17948113.7.0000.5504. This study is characterized as a qualitative research ethnographically, from which we choose the paradigm or epistemological model indicting (GINZBURG, 1990), that allows you to establish relationships among the literacy stories of the subjects of research, literate practices, practices of academic sphere and the conflicts that emerge from these practices.
Análise eletromiográfica da função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico de gestantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Moccellin, Ana Silvia
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Driusso, Patricia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6059568175090168
Introduction: During pregnancy, the mechanisms of pelvic organs support and continence maintenance may change, because the uterus progressive increase in mass and volume associated with fetal weight, or by hormonal changes. In this context parity and vaginal delivery are considered factors that may predispose to the development of pelvic floor muscles disorders, such as urinary incontinence, which can adversely affect the pregnant women quality of life. Thus, it becomes important to evaluate these muscles during pregnancy and among the used methods, there is the electromyography. However there are still evidence about pregnancy and delivery impact on pelvic floor muscles function during pregnancy. Objectives: We performed three studies in order to systematize and analyze the scientific evidence about the electromyographic evaluation of pelvic floor muscles function in pregnant women (STUDY I), to compare the pelvic floor muscles function in the third trimester between primigravid pregnant women and primiparous pregnant women who had previous vaginal delivery, identifying the factors that may predispose pregnant women to pelvic floor dysfunction (STUDY II), and to compare the quality of life of pregnant women with and without urinary incontinence, identifying the main factors that negatively affect quality of life (STUDY III). Methodology: The study I conducted a systematic review of electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Pedro and Lilacs until july/2013, searching studies that used protocols for evaluating the pelvic floor muscles function during pregnancy, by electromyography. Study II evaluated the pelvic floor muscles function of 19 primigravid pregnant women and 21 primiparous pregnant women who had previous vaginal delivery, between 34th and 36th gestational week, by surface electromyography, with the following protocol: 15 seconds of rest to basal activity registration, three maximal voluntary contractions held by two seconds, with an interval of one minute between each one, and three volunteers sustained contractions, held for six seconds, with an interval of one minute between each one. In study III were evaluated, in 24-28th and 34-36th gestational week, 15 pregnant women with urinary incontinence complaint and 25 pregnant women without urinary complaints, by the application of two quality of life questionnaires (King Health Questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life). Data from studies II and III were tabulated in Excel and statistically analyzed with the Statistica 6.0 program. We adopted a significance level of 5 %. Results: The results of systematic review showed that pregnant women assessments occurred mainly in the 3rd trimester, using the vaginal probe, following protocols with one to three contractions, lasting two to 60 seconds, using the arithmetic mean of contraction amplitudes obtained in each assessment to electromyographic data analysis. The study II indicated there were no differences in pelvic floor muscles function, in the third trimester, between primigravid and primiparous pregnant women, but there was a significant increase in pregnant women BMI and a negative and significant correlation of baby weight variable with the peak electromyographic signal value during maximal voluntary contraction. Study III showed that pregnant women without urinary complaints had better quality of life than those with urinary complaints on the physical, social and environmental domains, and that pregnant women with urinary complaints had worse scores on the general health perception and impact of incontinence domains during the third trimester. Conclusions: Thus, this study revealed that the main factors that can change the electromyographic activity pattern of pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy, influencing their support and continence function, are those related to gestational process, such as increasing maternal body mass and baby weight. Furthermore, possible pelvic floor muscles dysfunction decreases pregnant women quality of life, which makes the pelvic floor muscles assessment important during pregnancy. However, there is no standardization between electromyographic evaluation protocols of pregnant women pelvic floor muscles function, available in literature.
Função, composição e funcionamento dos Conselhos Escolares: participação e processos democráticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Barcelli, Juliana Carolina
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4186324960227633
The School Councils (SC) can strengthen democratic management of schools to improve the quality of education. Therefore, it is important that studies be conducted to identify the function, composition and functioning of the SC in order to understand the difficulties and achievements in this collegiate strengthening of democratic principles process. Thus, through a semi-structured and invested in online extension course offered by DED/UFSCAR in partnership with SEB/MEC in 2011 activities questionnaire examined whether the configuration of the EC in the view of teacher students who were also technicians Municipal and State Education. After analyzing the data, we found ways to strengthen the SC and obstacles in this process. It was found that there is, according to the course participants, the strengthening of the principle of democratic management in schools because the Education Departments were taking actions, such as training courses, meetings and creation of working groups. Also had to create complementary to LGB 1996 that dealt with the specificities of action of EC regulations in the different municipalities. According to the course participants, through these actions occurred rapprochement between the state and civil society. We found that there were difficulties in strengthening the SC because there was lack of its function; prevailing authority director in school management and representativeness was not expressing the wishes of his peers. Given these problems and democratic advances, there remains the challenge for those involved with the school to build a participatory ethos that aims to improve the quality of teaching and learning, and the SC of the ways to act collectively.
Disfunção temporomandibular: aspectos relacionados à ansiedade e depressão e tratamento por terapia manual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Calixtre, Letícia Bojikian
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8265560955064959
The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) signs and symptoms on general population is around 40% and physical therapist actuation has been more and more important to the treatment of the dysfunction. In this context, three different studies on this area were developed, which are explained on this dissertation. The first one is an observational longitudinal study with the following objectives: (1) to verify clinical symptoms and jaw functionality in college students with TMD according to the level of anxiety and depression (A/D) evaluated in two different moments, and (2) to evaluate the correlation between A/D, clinical variables and muscle activity. The results showed that although college students A/D levels changed over the academic semester, no difference in TMD signs and symptoms was observed in subjects with either high or low levels of A/D. Furthermore, the significant correlation between A/D and functional impairment, as well as between A/D and maximum mouth opening without pain in low A/D condition suggests an association between these factors, being important a better investigation. In order to better explore the physiotherapy techniques and overcome the lack of a review study, which addressed the effectiveness of MT in these patients, the second survey was conducted. This study was a systematic review to evaluate the isolated effects of MT in reducing painful symptoms and reduced mouth opening. The review included 12 randomized controlled trials, most of them of high methodological quality that addressed myofascial release, cervical spine manipulation techniques and mixed protocols. They have shown from low to high clinical evidence that MTTM reduces symptoms of pain, increase pressure pain threshold and maximum mouth opening of subjects with TMJ impairment, depending on the applied technique. A third study was conducted in parallel with the other two, which was based on biomechanical and neuroanatomical relationships between the cervical spine, head and the temporomandibular joint. It is a pilot clinical trial that aimed to verify the effects of a rehabilitate program of MT and exercises, designed to cervical function on subjects with TMD. It was evaluated clinical signs, functionality and pressure pain threshold of masseters and temporalis, taking into account the sample´s baseline. The results showed that treatment focused on the cervical spine was effective in increasing maximum mouth opening, as well as to reduce hypersensitivity of the masticatory muscles and functionality of the stomatognathic system in individuals with myofascial and mixed TMD. However, further studies are needed for more accurate conclusions. In general, the studies described on the present dissertation indicate the importance of standardizing TMD patient s assessment, and classifying them according to the type of the disorder. Furthermore, future studies should consider the level of functional impairment and use it as inclusion criterion to increase internal validity. Finally, the number of studies found in the systematic review and the reduced number of included studies show that there is a lot of information about the topic, but a small portion of it follows a methodological rigor, being in fact is reliable. It is important that further clinical trials include a comparison group (control, placebo, conventional treatment or another treatment) so that the effect of the technique is indeed evident. In case of manual therapy clinical trials, the simulation of therapy, which represents the placebo effect of the technique, is increasingly necessary.
A formação inicial de professores de ciências e biologia: uma análise a partir da visão de licenciandos de uma universidade pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Pitolli, Alexandra Marselha Siqueira
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829910813483580
This thesis falls within the scope of the investigations on the influence of the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) in teacher education. This is a qualitative researchin which an analysis of the insertion is performed in the curriculum guidelines, relating to practical and research components in the curriculum from the assessment that the licensees of a Biological Sciences course of a Federal University, in São Paulo, performed on their training and the analysis of the Pedagogical Project Course for identifying the agreements and disputes involved in its production. One goal was to understand the emphasis on practical and research in the initial training mainly from the perception of the participants.The data obtained through questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were analyzed using the methodology of Análise Textual Discursiva. Regarding the assessment conducted by undergraduates it is possible to understand that they attribute to the practice - citing stages and disciplines that in the University are responsible for the discussion and reflection on events experienced by them in elementary school - as a salient factor to be closer to the future profession and as an element that enabled to desire the entrance into the teaching profession. They attach to the discipline of Practice and Research in Biological Sciences (PPECB) a fundamental role as a tool to bring them closer to education and research in science education and biology and how a knowledge and skill that adds value to their initial training and arouses interest in learning more about the area. In the analysis of the pedagogical project of the course, it was possible to understand the agreements and adjustments made within the institution in order that the degree course is defined as configured with the DCN and by the knowledge produced in the research field in curriculum and teacher training. In the curriculum of the degree course - with its own identity - it is possible to note the pursuit of articulation of different practices in which undergraduates may mean your training and have the perception of the complexity of the profession. This occurs through the development of reading, analysis, discussion and collective practice based on reflective processes in university activities. The link between theory and practice in the vaunted DCN is promoted when it confronts the practical knowledge to the translated theory into the curriculum of the course. This proposition is made possible with practice permeating the entire period of training, associating the moments of experience in schools experience with the course content.
Educação musical a distância: base de conhecimento docente para o ensino de teclado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Rossit, Fernando Henrique Andrade
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Oliveira, Marcia Rozenfeld Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1142442570155148
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1614193826415111
This present study aims to investigate the Knowledge Base for Teaching of teachers working in the field of Distance Musical Education, specifically in the discipline Keyboard 1 (offered in 2011 and 2012) of the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar. The guiding questions were: 1) How is constituted the Knowledge Base for Teaching of teachers who worked in 2011 and 2012 offers of the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar s discipline Keyboard 1? 2) What skills are specific to the distance mode and how they contributed to the professional development of these teachers? Regarding methodological procedures, this study followed a qualitative, descriptive and analytical approach (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994). Data collection was conducted largely through semistructured interviews. Besides the interviews, we used the analysis of documents. The three participating teachers chosen were selected in the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar, which was the setting of this study, as were teachers who worked in the Keyboard 1 discipline offers, in 2011 and 2012, which was the focus of this research. To analyze the interviews, we used the technique of content analysis, according to Bardin (2009). The theoretical framework used in this research address the following areas: Teacher Training, Distance Education and Music Education. To guide, organize and develop this research, the study was organized into four chapters: 1. Teacher Education, Distance Education and Technology; 2. Licenciate Degree of Music Education from UAB-UFSCar; 3. Methodological approach of the research; 4. Data analysis. Finally, the concluding remarks resumed the main elements of the dissertation, taking as its starting point the two guiding questions in order to subsidize the entire context of the research sought answers through the analyzes in the light of the chosen theoretical framework and finally conclude this study.
Por uma educação musical humanizadora: o ensino coletivo de música a várias mãos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Oliveira, Pedro Augusto Dutra de
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3945855591148052
This research took place in a Social Project, named Guri, in Batatais, a city of the state of São Paulo . The Guri Project is a socio-cultural music education program, mostly maintained by the State Government. The specific objectives of the research were to identify and describe musical practices that occur in different spaces of the building where the Project is installed. After identifying such practices, the educational processes was described, based in the students relationships, focusing their involvement with music. The methodological framework was based in the understanding on how that everyone learns in harmony, considering the social and the musical view. Three groups of musical practices have been identified, with the inclusion of the researcher in one of them within approximately three months, in order to participate and identify educational processes that occur among the students during the music practice. The first practice observed was among the percussion set, in the orchestra rehearsals during the Project . The second practice observed was the meetings of two little girls made, every week, in one of the empty rooms of the building, in an extra class time. The third and final insertion occurred in group activities developed in a string class. After identifying the educational processes, analysis and discussion the data, such processes were separated into the following categories: DIALOGUE AND MUSICAL SPEECH; COLABORATION AND LEARNING TOGETHER; COLABORATION, AUTONOMY, MUSIC PRACTICE AND THEIR RESULTS. The study aims to contribute in the field of music education, specifically to produce knowledge about music education from the perspective of humanizing education. For instance, we intended to understand how the students develop relationship between them and the music, how was being educated in community, considering the social and musical autonomy of the students.
Efeitos imediatos de três modificações da técnica de corrida na cinemática do membro inferior e tronco e no conforto em corredores sadios: um estudo experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Santos, Ana Flávia dos
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Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2621235843235000
In Brazil, it is estimated a 30-fold increase in the number of runners in the last 15 years. This growing number of practitioners has been noticed all over the world. It is known that most of the injuries that occur during this activity involves the knee joint (42,1%) and, the Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) is the commonest. Recently, it has been hypothesized that running technique modification (such as, landing with the forefoot on the ground [FFOOT], increasing 10% of the step rate [10% SR] and increasing the trunk flexion [TFLEX]) has the potential to reduce the demand on the knee joint. However, no study evaluated the effects of these running techniques on the lower limb and trunk three-dimensional joint kinematics and on comfort reported by runners. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects FFOOT, 10% SR and TFLEX on the trunk, hip, knee and ankle kinematics and on the subjective assessment of comfort during running. Thirty-one healthy rearfoot strike-landing runners (20 males, 11 females) were evaluated. For such, the Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to collect data during Usual Running (USRUN) and the other three running techniques and, a visual analogue scale was used to evaluate comfort in each condition. The variables of interest were collected during initial foot contact on the treadmill. For statistical analysis, it was used the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures (alpha level of 0.05). During the FFOOT, it was shown reduction in the knee external rotation (P < 0.001), hip flexion (P < 0.001), adduction (P = 0.001), internal rotation (P < 0.001), greater knee adduction (P = 0.016), knee flexion (P < 0.001) and plantar flexion (P < 0.001). The 10% SR demonstrated diminished knee external rotation (P = 0.001), hip internal rotation (P = 0.008) and, hip flexion (P = 0.001), however, there was greater knee flexion (P = 0,042). The TFLEX increased knee adduction (P = 0.001), hip flexion (P < 0.001), trunk flexion (P < 0.001), but decreased plantar flexion (P = 0.003). The USRUN was the most comfortable technique (P = 0.033 0.002). Therefore, we were to conclude that the three running technique modifications can minimized the knee and hip movements in the frontal and transverse planes that are associated with greater stress on the patellofemoral joint. In addition, the FFOOT and 10% SR techniques resulted in increased knee flexion that could improve the impact forces absorption. It is believed that a gradual transition to these running techniques may improve comfort.