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Transport phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional heterostructures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Dias, Mariama Rebello de Sousa; Richard, Victor Lopez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0638704940221279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9972552337847809
O crescimento e caracterização de sistemas de heteroestruturas semicondutoras quasi-unidimensionais têm atraído grande interesse devido à sua potencial de aplicação tecnológica, como foto-detectores, dispositivos opto-eletrônicos assim como seu para o processamento de informação quântica e aplicações em fotônica. O objetivo desta tese é o estudo das propriedades de transporte eletrônico e de spin em sistemas semicondutores quasi-unidimensionais, especificamente trataremos de nanofios (NWs) homogêneos, NWs acoplados, NWs do tipo plano-geminado (TP), diodos de tunelamento ressonante (ETD) e cadeias de pontos quânticos (QDCS). Escolhemos o método k-p, particularmente o Hamiltoniano de Luttinger, para descrever os efeitos de confinamento e tensão biaxial. Este sugeriu uma modulação do caráter do estado fundamental que, complementada com a dinâmica fônons fornecidas pelas simulações da Dinâmica Molecular (MD), permitiu a descrição da modulação da mobilidade de buracos por emissão ou absorção de fônons. Em relação ao sistema de NWs acoplado,estudamos, através do método da matriz de transferência (TMM), as propriedades de transporte de elétrons e spin sob a interação de spin-órbita (SOI) de Eashba, localizada na região de acoplamento entre fios. Foram consideradas várias configurações de tensões de gate (Vg) aplicadas nos fios. Desse modo, compreendemos a modulação do transporte de spin quando esse é projetado no direção-z através da combinação do SOI e das dimensionalidades do sistema. Da mesma forma, a combinação de SOI e da Vg aplicada deu origem a modulação da polarização, quando o spin medido é projetado na mesma direção em que o SOI de Eashba atua, a direção y. Usando o TMM, exploramos as propriedades de transporte de um DBS e o efeito de uma resistência em série com o intuito de provar a natureza da biestabilidade das curvas características I V bem como o aumento de sua área com temperatura, resultados fornecidos por experimentos. O modelo indicou que aumentando da resistência pela diminuição sa temperatura aumenta a área biestável. A presença de uma hetero-junção adicional ao sistema induz uma densidade de carga nas suas interfaces. De acordo com esta configuração, a queda de tensão total do ETDS muda, podendo ser confirmada experimentalmente. A formação dos peculiares campos de deformação e sua influência sobre a estrutura eletrônicas e propriedades de transporte em superredes de TP foi estudada sistematicamente. Assim, as propriedades de transporte, de ambos os elétrons e buracos, pode ser sintonizada eficientemente, mesmo no caso de elétrons r em sistemas de blenda de zinco, contrastando com a prevista transparência de elétrons r em superredes de semicondutores III-V heteroestruturados. Além disso, constatamos que a probabilidade de transmissão para buracos da banda de valência também poderia ser efetivamente modificada através de uma tensão externa.Por fim, colaboradores sintetizaram com sucesso sistemas de QDCs de InGaAs através da epitaxia de feixe molecular e engenharia de tensão. Um comportamento anisotrópico da condutância com a temperatura foi observado em QDCs com diferentes concentrações de dopagem, medida realizada ao longo e entre os QDCs. O modelo teórico 1D de hoppíng desenvolvido mostrou que a presença de estados OD modela a resposta anisotrópica da condutância neste sistemas.
Análise eletromiográfica da função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico de gestantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Moccellin, Ana Silvia; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6059568175090168
Introduction: During pregnancy, the mechanisms of pelvic organs support and continence maintenance may change, because the uterus progressive increase in mass and volume associated with fetal weight, or by hormonal changes. In this context parity and vaginal delivery are considered factors that may predispose to the development of pelvic floor muscles disorders, such as urinary incontinence, which can adversely affect the pregnant women quality of life. Thus, it becomes important to evaluate these muscles during pregnancy and among the used methods, there is the electromyography. However there are still evidence about pregnancy and delivery impact on pelvic floor muscles function during pregnancy. Objectives: We performed three studies in order to systematize and analyze the scientific evidence about the electromyographic evaluation of pelvic floor muscles function in pregnant women (STUDY I), to compare the pelvic floor muscles function in the third trimester between primigravid pregnant women and primiparous pregnant women who had previous vaginal delivery, identifying the factors that may predispose pregnant women to pelvic floor dysfunction (STUDY II), and to compare the quality of life of pregnant women with and without urinary incontinence, identifying the main factors that negatively affect quality of life (STUDY III). Methodology: The study I conducted a systematic review of electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Pedro and Lilacs until july/2013, searching studies that used protocols for evaluating the pelvic floor muscles function during pregnancy, by electromyography. Study II evaluated the pelvic floor muscles function of 19 primigravid pregnant women and 21 primiparous pregnant women who had previous vaginal delivery, between 34th and 36th gestational week, by surface electromyography, with the following protocol: 15 seconds of rest to basal activity registration, three maximal voluntary contractions held by two seconds, with an interval of one minute between each one, and three volunteers sustained contractions, held for six seconds, with an interval of one minute between each one. In study III were evaluated, in 24-28th and 34-36th gestational week, 15 pregnant women with urinary incontinence complaint and 25 pregnant women without urinary complaints, by the application of two quality of life questionnaires (King Health Questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life). Data from studies II and III were tabulated in Excel and statistically analyzed with the Statistica 6.0 program. We adopted a significance level of 5 %. Results: The results of systematic review showed that pregnant women assessments occurred mainly in the 3rd trimester, using the vaginal probe, following protocols with one to three contractions, lasting two to 60 seconds, using the arithmetic mean of contraction amplitudes obtained in each assessment to electromyographic data analysis. The study II indicated there were no differences in pelvic floor muscles function, in the third trimester, between primigravid and primiparous pregnant women, but there was a significant increase in pregnant women BMI and a negative and significant correlation of baby weight variable with the peak electromyographic signal value during maximal voluntary contraction. Study III showed that pregnant women without urinary complaints had better quality of life than those with urinary complaints on the physical, social and environmental domains, and that pregnant women with urinary complaints had worse scores on the general health perception and impact of incontinence domains during the third trimester. Conclusions: Thus, this study revealed that the main factors that can change the electromyographic activity pattern of pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy, influencing their support and continence function, are those related to gestational process, such as increasing maternal body mass and baby weight. Furthermore, possible pelvic floor muscles dysfunction decreases pregnant women quality of life, which makes the pelvic floor muscles assessment important during pregnancy. However, there is no standardization between electromyographic evaluation protocols of pregnant women pelvic floor muscles function, available in literature.
Função, composição e funcionamento dos Conselhos Escolares: participação e processos democráticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Barcelli, Juliana Carolina; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4186324960227633
The School Councils (SC) can strengthen democratic management of schools to improve the quality of education. Therefore, it is important that studies be conducted to identify the function, composition and functioning of the SC in order to understand the difficulties and achievements in this collegiate strengthening of democratic principles process. Thus, through a semi-structured and invested in online extension course offered by DED/UFSCAR in partnership with SEB/MEC in 2011 activities questionnaire examined whether the configuration of the EC in the view of teacher students who were also technicians Municipal and State Education. After analyzing the data, we found ways to strengthen the SC and obstacles in this process. It was found that there is, according to the course participants, the strengthening of the principle of democratic management in schools because the Education Departments were taking actions, such as training courses, meetings and creation of working groups. Also had to create complementary to LGB 1996 that dealt with the specificities of action of EC regulations in the different municipalities. According to the course participants, through these actions occurred rapprochement between the state and civil society. We found that there were difficulties in strengthening the SC because there was lack of its function; prevailing authority director in school management and representativeness was not expressing the wishes of his peers. Given these problems and democratic advances, there remains the challenge for those involved with the school to build a participatory ethos that aims to improve the quality of teaching and learning, and the SC of the ways to act collectively.
Disfunção temporomandibular: aspectos relacionados à ansiedade e depressão e tratamento por terapia manual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Calixtre, Letícia Bojikian; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8265560955064959
The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) signs and symptoms on general population is around 40% and physical therapist actuation has been more and more important to the treatment of the dysfunction. In this context, three different studies on this area were developed, which are explained on this dissertation. The first one is an observational longitudinal study with the following objectives: (1) to verify clinical symptoms and jaw functionality in college students with TMD according to the level of anxiety and depression (A/D) evaluated in two different moments, and (2) to evaluate the correlation between A/D, clinical variables and muscle activity. The results showed that although college students A/D levels changed over the academic semester, no difference in TMD signs and symptoms was observed in subjects with either high or low levels of A/D. Furthermore, the significant correlation between A/D and functional impairment, as well as between A/D and maximum mouth opening without pain in low A/D condition suggests an association between these factors, being important a better investigation. In order to better explore the physiotherapy techniques and overcome the lack of a review study, which addressed the effectiveness of MT in these patients, the second survey was conducted. This study was a systematic review to evaluate the isolated effects of MT in reducing painful symptoms and reduced mouth opening. The review included 12 randomized controlled trials, most of them of high methodological quality that addressed myofascial release, cervical spine manipulation techniques and mixed protocols. They have shown from low to high clinical evidence that MTTM reduces symptoms of pain, increase pressure pain threshold and maximum mouth opening of subjects with TMJ impairment, depending on the applied technique. A third study was conducted in parallel with the other two, which was based on biomechanical and neuroanatomical relationships between the cervical spine, head and the temporomandibular joint. It is a pilot clinical trial that aimed to verify the effects of a rehabilitate program of MT and exercises, designed to cervical function on subjects with TMD. It was evaluated clinical signs, functionality and pressure pain threshold of masseters and temporalis, taking into account the sample´s baseline. The results showed that treatment focused on the cervical spine was effective in increasing maximum mouth opening, as well as to reduce hypersensitivity of the masticatory muscles and functionality of the stomatognathic system in individuals with myofascial and mixed TMD. However, further studies are needed for more accurate conclusions. In general, the studies described on the present dissertation indicate the importance of standardizing TMD patient s assessment, and classifying them according to the type of the disorder. Furthermore, future studies should consider the level of functional impairment and use it as inclusion criterion to increase internal validity. Finally, the number of studies found in the systematic review and the reduced number of included studies show that there is a lot of information about the topic, but a small portion of it follows a methodological rigor, being in fact is reliable. It is important that further clinical trials include a comparison group (control, placebo, conventional treatment or another treatment) so that the effect of the technique is indeed evident. In case of manual therapy clinical trials, the simulation of therapy, which represents the placebo effect of the technique, is increasingly necessary.
Avaliação da cinemática tridimensional da escápula e da dor em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica submetidas à hidroterapia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Avila, Mariana Arias; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905617922199364
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FS) is characterized by chronic, intense, widespread and constant pain, and affects functional performance, especially in women, given the changes in the entire musculoskeletal system they present. The tender points, one characteristic of the FS, are present in great number in the cervical and shoulder girdle regions; this may cause changes in the shoulder movement pattern in these patients. However, there is not enough evidence that show how shoulder kinematics might be altered in this population. Another important point already shown is the presence of Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs), factors that may cause and perpetuate pain, and have an important role in the transition from local pain to a more generalized pain condition of these patients. The literature points to hydrotherapy as one of the best treatment for FS symptoms, for the pain improvement it provides. However, it is not known how hydrotherapy would be able to alter shoulder kinematic variables, or if hydrotherapy would have effects on active MTrPs inactivation in this population. Hence, this thesis aimed to characterize scapular kinematics of women with FS, and verify if a 16-week hydrotherapy treatment would alter kinematics variables and pain symptoms in these women. For that, three studies were designed: Study 1 Tridimensional scapular motion during arm elevation is altered in women with fibromyalgia, that aimed to characterize tridimensional scapular kinematics of women with FS compared to a control group; Study 2 Tridimensional scapular motion and pain in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: effects of a 16-week group hydrotherapy program, whose aim was to verify possible effects of hydrotherapy on scapular kinematics and pain variables; Study 3 Decrease in the number of active myofascial trigger points and pain associated to hydrotherapy in women with fibromyalgia, which aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrotherapy on the number of active and latent MTrPs, pressure pain threshold and quality of life of women with FS.
Ligas metálicas amorfas: um novo método de predição de composição com capacidade de formação de amorfos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Nascimento, Carlos Ociran Silva; Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0921546634823867
This thesis presents the development of a new criterion which can indicate new compositions for amorphous metallic alloys. This new criterion was based on dense packing of spheres combined with the lambda criterion through the coordination number. The mathematical development is presented and a software was developed with the purpose of indicating alloys with best glass forming ability (GFA). This software includes and concatenates several other criteria. For this purpose, we performed a mathematical analysis of the criteria, which included: (i) (λmin) criterion which uses the minimum topological instability parameter and it is used as an indication of phase competition during the solidification. (ii) the γ parameter, which reflects the relative GFA between bulky metallic glasses (BMG) and it is based on characteristic temperatures, such as: the glass transition temperature - Tg, the crystallization onset temperature - Tx and the liquidus temperature - Tl. (iii) the parameter Zc that is the critical thickness for bulky glass formation, which corresponds to the maximum dimension in which the molten can be formed without any crystals precipitation and (iv) the parameter Rc that is the critical cooling rate for glass formation, which decreases inversely to the Zc values. Through a mathematical formalism combining all the parameters, the software can decide the most suitable composition range to produce a new alloy. The results are presented and compared with the ones available on the literature. Also, for comparison, new alloys were developed by using the new criterion. These results indicate good agreement with the literature and with the experimental data since it is not a general theory, but intends to meet some specific cases with a reasonable convergence and which still need to be better studied.
Efeitos imediatos de três modificações da técnica de corrida na cinemática do membro inferior e tronco e no conforto em corredores sadios: um estudo experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Santos, Ana Flávia dos; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2621235843235000
In Brazil, it is estimated a 30-fold increase in the number of runners in the last 15 years. This growing number of practitioners has been noticed all over the world. It is known that most of the injuries that occur during this activity involves the knee joint (42,1%) and, the Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) is the commonest. Recently, it has been hypothesized that running technique modification (such as, landing with the forefoot on the ground [FFOOT], increasing 10% of the step rate [10% SR] and increasing the trunk flexion [TFLEX]) has the potential to reduce the demand on the knee joint. However, no study evaluated the effects of these running techniques on the lower limb and trunk three-dimensional joint kinematics and on comfort reported by runners. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects FFOOT, 10% SR and TFLEX on the trunk, hip, knee and ankle kinematics and on the subjective assessment of comfort during running. Thirty-one healthy rearfoot strike-landing runners (20 males, 11 females) were evaluated. For such, the Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to collect data during Usual Running (USRUN) and the other three running techniques and, a visual analogue scale was used to evaluate comfort in each condition. The variables of interest were collected during initial foot contact on the treadmill. For statistical analysis, it was used the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures (alpha level of 0.05). During the FFOOT, it was shown reduction in the knee external rotation (P < 0.001), hip flexion (P < 0.001), adduction (P = 0.001), internal rotation (P < 0.001), greater knee adduction (P = 0.016), knee flexion (P < 0.001) and plantar flexion (P < 0.001). The 10% SR demonstrated diminished knee external rotation (P = 0.001), hip internal rotation (P = 0.008) and, hip flexion (P = 0.001), however, there was greater knee flexion (P = 0,042). The TFLEX increased knee adduction (P = 0.001), hip flexion (P < 0.001), trunk flexion (P < 0.001), but decreased plantar flexion (P = 0.003). The USRUN was the most comfortable technique (P = 0.033 0.002). Therefore, we were to conclude that the three running technique modifications can minimized the knee and hip movements in the frontal and transverse planes that are associated with greater stress on the patellofemoral joint. In addition, the FFOOT and 10% SR techniques resulted in increased knee flexion that could improve the impact forces absorption. It is believed that a gradual transition to these running techniques may improve comfort.
Limitação nas atividades de vida diária e qualidade de vida segundo a classificação combinada da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Barusso, Marina Sallum; Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3616519167984796
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), in its 2011 update, began to recommend that the management and treatment of COPD were made to combine the impact of disease and future risk of exacerbations. These subjects have limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) performing, which may manifest as a decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) and progressive dyspnea. These limitations may be associated with worsening of quality of life. Thus, this study aims to verify whether the COPD combined classification, proposed by GOLD 2011, is able to differentiate subjects with ADL limitations, such as desaturation and dyspnea, and impaired quality of life. We intend to compare the quality of life, dyspnea and desaturation ADL among groups stratified by GOLD 2011. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. 44 subjects were evaluated and categorized in four groups proposed by the GOLD 2011. The mean age was 69 ± 8.8 years, with mean FEV1 = 1.33 ± 0.53 liters (49 ± 15.7% of predicted). Medical Research Council Dyspnea (mMRC) and London Chest Activity Daily Living (LCADL) Scales and the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SRGQ) were applied. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the ADL simulation in appropriate laboratory were also conducted. There was no association between the COPD combined evaluation groups and the presence of peripheral oxygen desaturation and dyspnea (X² test), however it was noted a higher prevalence of subjects who desaturate in GOLD D group. Regarding to dyspnea in all groups exist subjects with dyspnea when performing ADL. There was no correlation between the presence of dyspnea with the presence of desaturation. Most symptomatic subjects, GOLD B and D, had higher ADL dyspnea (LCADL% total = 28% and 30%) compared with subjects GOLD A. The GOLD D subjects had a poorer quality of life (SGRQtotal = 49%) when compared to less symptomatic groups. The COPD combined classification wasn t sensitive in determining the presence of desaturation and dyspnea while performing ADLs. The subjects of the symptomatic groups and with increased risk of exacerbation had a poorer quality of life and greater dyspnea.
Por uma educação musical humanizadora: o ensino coletivo de música a várias mãos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Oliveira, Pedro Augusto Dutra de; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3945855591148052
This research took place in a Social Project, named Guri, in Batatais, a city of the state of São Paulo . The Guri Project is a socio-cultural music education program, mostly maintained by the State Government. The specific objectives of the research were to identify and describe musical practices that occur in different spaces of the building where the Project is installed. After identifying such practices, the educational processes was described, based in the students relationships, focusing their involvement with music. The methodological framework was based in the understanding on how that everyone learns in harmony, considering the social and the musical view. Three groups of musical practices have been identified, with the inclusion of the researcher in one of them within approximately three months, in order to participate and identify educational processes that occur among the students during the music practice. The first practice observed was among the percussion set, in the orchestra rehearsals during the Project . The second practice observed was the meetings of two little girls made, every week, in one of the empty rooms of the building, in an extra class time. The third and final insertion occurred in group activities developed in a string class. After identifying the educational processes, analysis and discussion the data, such processes were separated into the following categories: DIALOGUE AND MUSICAL SPEECH; COLABORATION AND LEARNING TOGETHER; COLABORATION, AUTONOMY, MUSIC PRACTICE AND THEIR RESULTS. The study aims to contribute in the field of music education, specifically to produce knowledge about music education from the perspective of humanizing education. For instance, we intended to understand how the students develop relationship between them and the music, how was being educated in community, considering the social and musical autonomy of the students.
A formação inicial de professores de ciências e biologia: uma análise a partir da visão de licenciandos de uma universidade pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Pitolli, Alexandra Marselha Siqueira; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829910813483580
This thesis falls within the scope of the investigations on the influence of the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) in teacher education. This is a qualitative researchin which an analysis of the insertion is performed in the curriculum guidelines, relating to practical and research components in the curriculum from the assessment that the licensees of a Biological Sciences course of a Federal University, in São Paulo, performed on their training and the analysis of the Pedagogical Project Course for identifying the agreements and disputes involved in its production. One goal was to understand the emphasis on practical and research in the initial training mainly from the perception of the participants.The data obtained through questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were analyzed using the methodology of Análise Textual Discursiva. Regarding the assessment conducted by undergraduates it is possible to understand that they attribute to the practice - citing stages and disciplines that in the University are responsible for the discussion and reflection on events experienced by them in elementary school - as a salient factor to be closer to the future profession and as an element that enabled to desire the entrance into the teaching profession. They attach to the discipline of Practice and Research in Biological Sciences (PPECB) a fundamental role as a tool to bring them closer to education and research in science education and biology and how a knowledge and skill that adds value to their initial training and arouses interest in learning more about the area. In the analysis of the pedagogical project of the course, it was possible to understand the agreements and adjustments made within the institution in order that the degree course is defined as configured with the DCN and by the knowledge produced in the research field in curriculum and teacher training. In the curriculum of the degree course - with its own identity - it is possible to note the pursuit of articulation of different practices in which undergraduates may mean your training and have the perception of the complexity of the profession. This occurs through the development of reading, analysis, discussion and collective practice based on reflective processes in university activities. The link between theory and practice in the vaunted DCN is promoted when it confronts the practical knowledge to the translated theory into the curriculum of the course. This proposition is made possible with practice permeating the entire period of training, associating the moments of experience in schools experience with the course content.
Escrita acadêmica e identidade: o processo de apropriação de gêneros acadêmicos por graduandos indígenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Gomes, Glaucia Regina; Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742553254564339
Due to the challenges faced by the indigenous graduates when entering the university, taking the academic writing in general into consideration, this study aims to investigate how the process of appropriation of academic genres affect these groups in relation to their identity. The identification, the comprehension and the analysis of this context were held from the theoretical conceptions of the New Literacy Studies (STREET, 1984; GEE, 2004; LEA & STREET, 1998; KLEIMAN, 2007, among others), as well from assumptions that aim at the teaching, the analysis of academic genres (MATENCIO, 2002; MACHADO, LOUSADA E ABREU-TARDELLI, 2004A; 2004B, among others), and also the identity conceptions (GIDDENS, 1991, 2002). From this perspective, it is considered that the Academic Literacy differs from literacy of other spheres, because it presents particular forms of being, thinking, acting, reading and writing that are fit at this sphere, so the College student, in order to acquire fluency in Academic Discourse, must master them. On the assumption, that the genres of discourse mediate social practices and they participate of the Constitution of social relations, of values, of identities (MEURER 2005), we understand that the domain of written texts of different genres promotes the development of the ability of language use by the subject and they constitute the subject himself as such (SCHNEUWLY, 2004). Thereby, the academic genre is our focus that can be considered as complex genre, secondary (BAKHTIN, 2000). To develop such research, we used our studies along our graduate school at Federal University of São Carlos, among them: the activities in ACIEPES3 in the years of 2010 and 2011, individualized care and access to textual written productions of indigenous from various courses4, from the approval of the Ethics Committee, under the number of the certificate of introduction to Ethics Assessment (CAAE) 17948113.7.0000.5504. This study is characterized as a qualitative research ethnographically, from which we choose the paradigm or epistemological model indicting (GINZBURG, 1990), that allows you to establish relationships among the literacy stories of the subjects of research, literate practices, practices of academic sphere and the conflicts that emerge from these practices.
Educação musical a distância: base de conhecimento docente para o ensino de teclado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Rossit, Fernando Henrique Andrade; Oliveira, Marcia Rozenfeld Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1142442570155148; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1614193826415111
This present study aims to investigate the Knowledge Base for Teaching of teachers working in the field of Distance Musical Education, specifically in the discipline Keyboard 1 (offered in 2011 and 2012) of the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar. The guiding questions were: 1) How is constituted the Knowledge Base for Teaching of teachers who worked in 2011 and 2012 offers of the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar s discipline Keyboard 1? 2) What skills are specific to the distance mode and how they contributed to the professional development of these teachers? Regarding methodological procedures, this study followed a qualitative, descriptive and analytical approach (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994). Data collection was conducted largely through semistructured interviews. Besides the interviews, we used the analysis of documents. The three participating teachers chosen were selected in the Licenciate Degree in Music Education from UAB-UFSCar, which was the setting of this study, as were teachers who worked in the Keyboard 1 discipline offers, in 2011 and 2012, which was the focus of this research. To analyze the interviews, we used the technique of content analysis, according to Bardin (2009). The theoretical framework used in this research address the following areas: Teacher Training, Distance Education and Music Education. To guide, organize and develop this research, the study was organized into four chapters: 1. Teacher Education, Distance Education and Technology; 2. Licenciate Degree of Music Education from UAB-UFSCar; 3. Methodological approach of the research; 4. Data analysis. Finally, the concluding remarks resumed the main elements of the dissertation, taking as its starting point the two guiding questions in order to subsidize the entire context of the research sought answers through the analyzes in the light of the chosen theoretical framework and finally conclude this study.
Estudo sobre a aprendizagem da docência na educação a distância: uma análise da percepção dos professores da UAB-UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Brito, Nara Dias; Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9340035432635146
The distance education (DE) is basically characterized by the use of one or more technologies which allow the communication between professors and students geographically separated. The development of digital technologies enables the configuration of the distance education as we know it in the contemporaneity. The courses in this mode, besides using technologies to inform and communicate, such as oral and written languages, also begin to use digital language. In this mode, a new way of organization of the teaching work was idealized, and this, on one hand, produces precariousness of professors work and, on the other hand, provides a collaborative and team work. Considering the peculiarities of DE, the preoccupation is to comprehend how the professor who has experience in classroom education learns to be a professor in the distance mode. The general objective in this research is to analyze the learning process of virtual teaching, taking into account the dilemmas of beginner professors in the distant mode and the knowledge they produced from that experience. The specific objectives are: to verify the dilemmas faced by professors in their first offerings in DE disciplines; to characterize elements of the formation and professional path of the interviewed professors in this mode; to analyze the learning process of virtual teaching; and, at last, to indicate the constructed by the teaching practice in distance mode, which knowledge the teacher must develop to become good teachers in DE and the influence of this knowledge constructed by the practice in DE on regular education. This research is qualitative, and to its realization seven professors who work in undergraduation distance courses in Federal University of São Carlos were interviewed. The main found results were the dilemmas faced by the professors, in the beginning of virtual teaching, are related to planning activities without knowing the DE public and their necessities. Another pointed dilemma was the unfamiliarity when the professors see the end of the process of producing the discipline. It happens because the professor, in DE, counts on the support of professionals in the conception of the discipline and its offer, and this often generates the feeling of loss of authonomy. At last, another dilemma experienced by some professors was the difficulty of managing the working time in DE and of conciliating between working time and the other functions of the professor. The learning of virtual teaching happened, mainly, through the practice and the reflection on the practice. Reflective and learning of virtual teaching processes often happened in a collective way, with tutors. The knowledge learned by teaching experience in DE are related to communicative competence, mainly in regard to written language which is intensely used in the virtual learning environment, to the competence to deal with the technologies and tools available for the development of activities, to the competence of teamwork and to the competence related to planning the discipline, considering the different rhythms of learning of each student, and to anticipation of doubts.
Modificação das propriedades dos polímeros de NBR carboxilado comerciais a partir da incorporação de nanopartículas sintéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Sala, Renata Lang; Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6166389335515623
Aiming to overcome the performance of polymers, a new class of hybrid materials has emerged by the fillers insertion into polymeric matrices. In this sense, silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 250 nm were modified by the silane agente, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, and covered by a polymeric shell of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, in order to improve the silica dispersion in the carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and to understand the inorganic/organic interface. The nanocomposites were prepared by the colloidal route, dried and deployed as self-sustained films. Further, they were characterized by structural, morphological, thermical and dynamicalmechanical analysis. The surface modification of silica was effective and the thickness of polymeric shell was controlled by the time of the polymerization reaction and monomers concentration. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, used as nanoparticles dispersant, changed the thermal and mechanical performance of nanocomposites, since it probably remained organized in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposites showed to have interaction between their components, which may have been especially promoted by the carboxylate groups from XNBR, resulting in materials thermally more stables. The final materials presented a mass fractal system and the formation of coacervates, which resulted in similar thermal capacity of XNBR, lower loss and storage modulus, reduced tan δ and activation energy for the relaxation process, which are typical of materials that present good interfacial interaction between the inorganic nanoparticles and the polymeric matrix.
Tradução e adaptação cultural para o Brasil da escala Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia PAINAD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Valera, Gabriela Gallego; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1520207164286677
By the fact of the pain being among the principal factors that can negatively impact the quality of life of elderly patients with cognitive impairment, their evaluation, measurement and management can help to improve the quality of life of these individuals. For this the use of specific tools to assess pain is of paramount importance. In this study we aimed to perform the translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese Scale Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) used to measure pain in patients with severe dementia and who can not verbally communicate pain. The scale has five items that are based in the assessment and observation of the physiological and behavioral state, such as breathing, negative vocalization, facial expression, body language and the capacity to consolability, your total score ranges from 0 to 10 points based on a standard scale pain. The process of cultural adaptation of PAINAD instrument followed the steps: translation, consensual version of the translations, retrotratução, committee review and pre - test equivalence. This process ensured the psychometric properties such as reliability and content validity as well as a better understanding of the instrument in the final version for the target population. As theoretical reference, the instrument was submitted to PAINAD translation into Brazilian Portuguese by two bilingual translators who performed the job independently. The two versions were compared by researchers to obtain a consensual version that was poured into the original language, English, three other independent qualified translators who did not participate in the first stage. The consensual version in Portuguese and back-translation were compared with the original version of PAINAD as the conceptual equivalence, semantic, idiomatic and cultural of six judges with expertise in both languages and specialists in the area for this evaluation to the Likert scale was used for each item and the scale after the index validity content (IVC) was calculated to produce a final version translated and adapted. For items that had IVC ≤ 0.75 suggested modifications were made by the judges, ensuring proper final version in Brazilian Portuguese and preserving the validity of the instrument. In the last step, the instrument was evaluated by 27 health professionals regarding the understanding and clarity of the items, as well as practical aspects of its application. PAINAD The instrument was adapted to Brazilian culture and showed semantic equivalence with the original. The application of the instrument for a sample of health professionals showed clarity and understanding of all the items of the instrument.
Reforma a vapor do ácido acético sobre catalisadores de Ni/Al2O3: estudo das rotas reacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Burak, Jorge Augusto Mendes; Bueno, José Maria Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3189269594893239
Acetic acid (AA), one majority substance contained in the bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis, was used as a model molecule for study of reaction routes of steam reforming on Ni/θ-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalyst containing 15% nickel (w/w), prepared by wet impregnation in a θ-Al2O3. The samples were characterized: nitrogen adsorption, ammonia desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and thermogravimetric analysis. The reaction routes were studied using: a) temperature programmed desorption (TPD), b) temperature programmed decomposition e c) temperature programmed steam reforming (TPSR) with ratios of 3:1, 6:1 or 9:1 of H2O: AA. The results of TPD where AA was adsorbed and decomposed in function of temperature, show simultaneous desorption of CO, CO2, H2 and CH4 which is explained by the formation of acetic anhydride on the surface of Ni which decomposes into CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* and then CO, CO2 and H2. The TPSR results suggest that the reaction route of decomposition and reform of AA depend on the temperature and the ratio H2O:AA. At low temperatures (< 650 K) and low ratios H2O:AA has the formation of CO and CO2 via bond breaking C-C of species CH3COO* and CH3CO* formed from acetic anhydride. With increasing temperature the anhydride formation is disfavored, in region between 600-800 K, there is interaction and dimerization of AA molecule adsorbed on Ni, which leads to the formation of C2H4. At the same time to this reaction, the formation of CH4 is verified by the hydrogenation CH3* species formed by breaking of CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* species. In high temperatures (> 800 K) methane formation is favored, possibly by decomposition of species CH3 in C* e H2, C* is oxidized by water. In highest ratio (9:1), the formation of the anhydride is not favored and the reforming reactions occur via decomposition of CH3COO* species. In low temperature, formation of CH4 is not observed and the oxidation of CH3* species may occur via the formation of formates. With increasing temperature oxidation of these CH3* radicals via pyrolytic should be favored.
Censo populacional e avaliação da variabilidade genética das populações de mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan, 1823) na Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito- SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Caldano, Lucas Tadeu Peloggia; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2997643574521956
The genus Leontopithecus consists of primate species with the largest size within the family Callitrichidae and their distribution is restricted to the remaining Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) is an endemic primate from the Atlantic Forest in the São Paulo state, and currently is critically endangered since his habitat has been significantly reduced to small areas of native forest. The destruction and fragmentation of its natural habitat and the reduction of food resources may increase the isolation among fragments and substantially raise the risk of species extinction due to loss of genetic variability and consequent reduction of its adaptive/evolutionary potential. It is of paramount importance to have an estimation of the current population minimum size, especially if a species is classified as endangered. Information about the abovementioned subject associated with genetic information could be used for the development of conservation strategies of the species. Therefore, we traversed all areas of potential habitat for the species within the Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito-SP using a playback, counting the number of groups and of individuals per group in order to conduct a census in the area. It was identified 35 individuals at the end of the census, which were divided into seven groups. These animals were successfully capture 10 animals representing two groups of individuals, of which samples were taken for genetic studies. For genetic analysis microsatellite markers were used. Genetic diversity was low, revealing an average of 2.42 alleles. Kinship revealed that individuals in a group have no relation to another group. Although the absolute number of genetically analyzed is low, the results may be representative of the population of Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito, considering the total population census. Thus, this work brings together information that contribute to increase the knowledge about genetic and ecological aspects of the black lion tamarin, which coupled with other studies can provide important information for the conservation of the species.
A ambientalização curricular no curso de formação de professores de ciências e biologia na percepção dos licenciandos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Silva, Mariana Dias da; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391749356007866
The development of a society based on sustainability and the need to work on environmental issues in a way that allows social change is increasingly gaining importance in the formation of society. To place the environmental theme in the curricula of higher education goes beyond considering it only as the teaching of the dynamic of the natural environment and environmental problems, but also includes the socio-political and cultural issues. In this sense, the environmental thematic in their pedagogical praxis involves the understanding of a education to citizenship, responsible, critical and participatory, which enables transformative decision-making, in order to build a sustainable, healthy and socially fair future. Given the above, and considering that the official documents governing education in the country propose the inclusion of environmental issues in the curriculum as an integrating theme, the present study aimed to verify the perception of undergraduate students on the environmentalization of the curriculum of a higher education institution. To achieve that purpose we performed collective reflective interviews with volunteer students. With the analysis of the results was noticed that although the studied higher education institution has been conducting studies and actions in the direction of the environmentalization of the curriculum, the undergraduates students of the institution not to perceive it more effectively in their activities and academic experience. The students point out that in the few moments where the theme is present it is only focused on the preservation of the environment and biodiversity, or on the presentation of the interrelationships between living beings and between living beings and their environment. The social, cultural, political, ethical and economic aspects are not discussed. It is believed that there is still a long way to go for effective implementation of environmental issues in the curriculum of the university, and this work, bringing the point of view of the student on the process contributes to the construction of the complex mosaic of the environmentalization of the curriculum as proposed by the ACES network.
Fracionamento de extratos bioativos de Drimys brasiliensis Miers e identificação de compostos com atividade fitotóxica e inseticida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Anese, Simoni; Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3989143786312185
Along its evolutionary history, plants have developed biosynthetic routes to synthesize and accumulate a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which respond to the environment characteristics where they occur. The studies about these compounds effects on nearby organisms constitute the field of allelopathy. Allelopathy is an important phenomenon in plant chemical ecology that involves bioactive compounds, from which one can produce natural pesticides that would be more specific, less harmful to the environment and applied to a model of sustainable agriculture. Drimys brasiliensis Miers is found in the Atlantic Forest and in the Cerrado domain. It s chemically characterized by the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and flavonoids, with great use potential in the pharmaceutical industry. There are few studies about the allelopathic potential of D.brasiliensis and its secondary metabolites to act as natural pesticides, specialy as herbicide or insecticide. Thus, in the first chapter we studied the phytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of D.brasiliensis according to the seasonality and different plant organs. The phytotoxic effect of D.brasiliensis isinfluenced by the period of collection, with more evident activity in leaves collected in the dry season. Aqueous extracts from leaves, roots and stems of D.brasiliensis showed activity on crop plants, and all organs are a promising source in the search of phytotoxic compounds. In the second chapter, we investigated the phytotoxic potential of crude extract fractions from D. brasiliensis roots and leaves on weeds. The inhibitory effects of the root hexane fraction on seedling growth was similar to the herbicide, indicating that D. brasiliensis is a possible alternative form of control for the weed species examined. In chapter three, was carried a bioassay-guided isolation of bioactive compounds present in D.brasiliensis roots. Four drimanes sesquiterpenes were isolated from bioactive fractions of roots, determined as polygodial, polygodial 12 α- acetal, dendocarbin L and (+) fuegin. The polygodial caused phytotoxic effects on wheat coleoptile and on crop and weed species. In the last chapter, the effect of the hexane fraction and polygodial obtained from D.brasiliensis roots was evaluated on Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy (black citrus aphid), and both caused toxicity, with high mortality on nymphs and adults stages of this aphid. The polygodial, isolated for the first time in the roots of D. brasiliensis, may be the primarily responsible for the biological activities detected in this study. The herein presented data allow the indication of this compound as a potential biopesticide.
A prática pedagógica na educação a distância transformando a docência: uma análise sobre saberes e desenvolvimento profissional de tutores virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21) Chaquime, Luciane Penteado; Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6334000944566026
The flow of information and quick and easy access that you have to them due to the spread of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) is a hallmark of contemporaneity. This scenario originated from the productive and organizational restructuring from capitalism and soon expanded to other social spheres, including education. The insertion of DICT in educational processes enhances the Distance Education (DE) as a way of teaching and learning and redefines the roles of both learner and the teachers. New knowledge and techniques are required from this professional to act as mediator and motivator of educational relationships established in this modality. Such knowledge and expertise, in most cases, are not constructed during initial training and, thus, teaching the way from the experiences they experience in their daily lives. Then, it is understood that the virtual teacher, through their teaching, while that formed and enhances professionally, maturing as a teacher, can also transform their practice in relation to classroom education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the changes that occur in teaching from the everyday pedagogical practice in distance education, having as subject the teachers who work in virtual courses in Management, Computer for Internet and Profuncionário offered by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (FISP) through e-Tec Network Brazil. To do so, four specific objectives were elaborated, namely: to identify and analyze possible discrepancies between the prescribed profile and the established profile of virtual teachers of e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP; to map the knowledge built by the teachers throughout the educational experience in DE, identifying their nature; to analyze the perception of teachers in relation to virtual transformations that their practice has suffered through the experience in distance education; to identify and list the key elements that during their practice in distance education, contribute to the maturation/redefinition of the concept of virtual teaching from e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP. Given the research objectives, we used methodological triangulation, in other words, have combined procedures and quantitative and qualitative analysis throughout the investigation. The analyzes show that the pedagogical practice in distance education transforms teaching, because the teachers has the opportunity to review the knowledge basis required for their profession, including expanding it with the construction of new knowledge; through this construction, the teachers have the opportunity to reflect on their role in society, maturing/redefining their identity and conception about the profession; it can constitute an opportunity for professional development for the teachers when understood as a re-professionalization of teaching.