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Desenvolvimento de um biossensor bienzimático amperométrico para detecção de β-lactose através de filmes nanoestruturados layer-by-layer (LbL)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Campos, Paula Pereira; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2693022527009715; Riul Júnior, Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0751163307734256; Dall antonia, Luiz Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0622474265250573
In this work the immobilization of enzyme β-Galactosidase has been investigated with use of assembly technique of nanostructured films denominated LbL (Layer-by-Layer) for employment in an amperometric biosensor of lactose. Therefore, spectroscopy measured has made for UV-vis (Ultraviolet-visible) and fluorescence, in order to monitor the bands of absorption and emission of each bilayer deposited and to confirm the presence of enzyme in the films. It has made too FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and SFG (Sum Frequency Generation) for the purpose to understand the films structure, the interactions present and the efficiency of technique in the immobilization process. For the lactose detection amperometric measured have carried and that way the performance of modified electrode have evaluated in relation to enzyme immobilization, the polyelectrolytes performance Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and Poli (etileno imina) (PEI) and poly(ethyleneimine) and the operations conditions of biosensor which sensibility, limit of detection, interferences and stability. The evaluation of enzyme deposition by UV-vis and fluorescence showed that the films growth has been satisfactory presenting the characteristics bands of da β-Gal regarding to amino acid residues tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine, among others, in λ = 280 nm for absorption and λ = 344 nm for emission and the deposition of material has been growing. The spectrum of FTIR and SFG indicated bands of chemical groups characteristics of polymers and enzyme and proved that the bonds, probably secondary of the elements are sufficiently strong for to keep the films in substrate during the sensory evaluation. In lactose detection it has made electrode of (PEI/β-Gal)n e (PAH/β-Gal)n both of ten and third bilayers. The sensibility of film (PEI/β-Gal)10 was 0.061 μA mmol-1 cm-2, while the (PAH/β-Gal)10 was 0.079 μA mmol-1 cm-2. In order to increase the efficiency of the biosensors, electrodes compounds for third bilayers were tested, this way the film (PEI/β-Gal)30 has achieved a sensibility higher than the previous electrodes of 0.31 μA mmol-1 cm-2, is likely that a great amount of enzyme has been immobilized. However, the film ITO/PB/(PAH/β-Gal)30 has not get the same efficiency despite de number of bilayer have been increase. Have been identified two interferences, the glucose and the ascorbic acid, but both can be avoided, the first with use of a biosensor for glucose coupled with lactose biosensor and the second causes an elevation on current, being naturally differentiated. The stability of the biosensor was twelve days, being measured in days alternate. All experiments performed to converge to prove that the LbL technique were adequate to assembly the biosensor and that lactose detection can be done and in levels nearby to real samples, but is possible to improve the system still with studies more expanders about the films structure and to test news biosensors configurations.
Estudo teórico computacional dos sistemas micelares de alquilbenzenos em diiodometano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Bernardino, Kalil; Moura, André Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3821650154644238
The surfactant-like behavior of the alkylbenzenes in diiodomethane is experimentally verified, being observed, in addition to the characteristic effects on the surface tension, evidences of clusters formation. The main goal of this work is to provide a theoretical counterpart for these systems by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Since there is no parameters for the diiodomethane molecule in any available forcefield, this molecule was parametrized using the simplex method to reproduce the density and the vaporization enthalpy. Variations in the interaction potential between the diiodomethane and the octylbenzene molecules were tested and, although there were some structural patterns similar to the micellar systems in aqueous media, the formation of well-defined micelles in this system was not observed. On the other hand, the spontaneous adsorption of both the octylbenzene and the heptadecylbenzene in the diiodomethane/vacuum interface was observed, being also prepared a compact film of heptadecylbenzene that remained stable in the nanosecond time scale. The structure and the electrostatic potential generated by these films were characterized, being observed electrostatic potential variations similar to the variations found in analogous systems in water. The potential of mean force for removing of one octylbenzene molecule from the diiodomethane/vacuum interface was calculated by means of umbrella sampling simulations and coherent values for the adsorption free energy were found.
Dilemas no cotidiano do orientador pedagógico: entre a confrontação com a profissão e a (auto) confrontação na formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Mansano, Michel Serigato; Varani, Adriana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2971233303849752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7866876453811336
The present work aimed to perform an analytical reading of collaborative activity that I develop as a Pedagogical Advisor, regarding the continuing education of teachers at the school where I work ( a city of São Paulo State). I used the narrative of memories to promote an observation process of some education paradigms that permeated the guidelines of my activity, and thus I could reflect about the position I have, emphasizing the teacher’s training focused on school (CANÁRIO) considering the historical and cultural assumptions of individuals involved in this experiment (VIGOSTSKI e BAKHTIN). In this work I assume the Pedagogical Advisor position essentially focused on the continuing education of teachers (PLACCO; ALMEIDA; SOUZA). The methodological procedure used was inspired by the analysis of professional practices on direct and cross self-confrontation (CLOT), which has been transformed by the individuals involved and it gave rise to a new process, different from the classic self-confrontations, that I termed only as confrontation. The analytical data reading, provided by the resulting dialogue (FREIRE e BAKHTIN) from the confrontations, indicated that the participating teachers in this study evidenced three movements: the perception of actions performed in the classroom, the speech organization to justify the pedagogical practices and teaching profession responsible acts (BAKHTIN). In this perspective, the confrontation proved to be an excellent tool to organize the Pedagogical Advisors work, as it allows gathering important information to plan, with teachers help, concrete initiation alternatives.
Técnicas de processamento digital de imagens para análise de integridade do dossel - um modelo em mata semidecídua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Yamada, Thiago; Soares, João Juares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7009247930418851
The forests management and conservation are recently subjects discussed throughout the world, because they are directly correlation with the maintenance of environmental functions and services provided by natural environments. With growth of urban centers and extensive agriculture the natural areas have suffered and are suffering a big pressure making arise degraded areas constantly that encourage the recuperation movement in those areas. Moreover, the selective cut and the formation natural or artificial clearings make discontinuities in the canopy, irregularities reflected in the structure and profile. However, to realize the restoration and management, for example, a forest, first must to know your conservation state. This thesis intend to map more and less conserved areas through the analysis of structure and integrity in the canopy, realized with: canopy cover images, canopy closure images, vertical profile sketch, panchromatic image HRC of satellite CBERS-2B, and techniques digital image processing, beyond field survey. With intention to create a model able to identify, map, and monitor the forest degraded.
Discurso e argumentação no programa televisivo Vitória em Cristo de Silas Malafaia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Ferraz, Sarah Menoya; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0362796029398774
The purpose of this thesis is to verify, according to the theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis of French tradition, the Pentecostal discourse of televangelism Victory in Christ. This work will aim its constituent character and analyze the enunciative scenes that constitute the discourse, and from that, it will build relationships between its initial discursive formation and remoteness and proximity to other discursive formations. The research corpus consists of six views of the televangelism mentioned above. We consider the concepts of Dominique Maingueneau about constituent discourses; ethos and scene of enunciation; citation and Detachment; Hyperenunciator and Thesaurus Bible; community discursive and positioning . Adds up , in the background , the analysis and description of the arguments used by the enunciator according to the concepts of Pereleman and Tyteca , enrolled in Argumentation Theory, since the arguments are considered constituent elements of enunciative scenes, in other words , they integrate the scene is validated on account of its uses . Among the main events displayed on observation analyzed data are: a discourse of classical Pentecostalism approaching the Pentecostal discursive formation, the use of arguments in relation to what is known about an auditorium with little education and low social status and processing of speech for their accommodation to contemporary society.
Jane Eyre: do romance (1847) ao filme (2011)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Nascimento, Sandra Mônica do; Ferreira, Carla Alexandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7591865370805800
This dissertation aims to investigate how the Charlotte Brontë s literary project presents in the novel, Jane Eyre (1847), through female authorship, and, as its transposition into Cinema, the movie version by Cary Joji Fukunaga´s Jane Eyre (2011) occurs. The literary project of the author focuses on the issue of gender and its concern was to give voice to the women of her time. The director´s project for this movie comes from melodrama to the triumph of love search. The purpose of analysis is to understand how the interpretation of this source-novel occurs in the 21st century, with the aim of examining how this story is reread, seeking current interpretive understanding of the novel through the film. Thus, this study will demonstrate the importance of the periodization as proposed by Jameson (1992) for the reading of the novel and its transcreation, according to Campos (2004), considering the relationship between economic s, political, social and aesthetic characteristics of each period, as also teaches Candido (1967). The research was developed through the reading the novel, of the theoretical works about the author as well as the director and analysis of filmic narrative.
À procura da criança: sentimento e educação negativa em J.-J. Rousseau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Silva, Diogenes Galdino Morais; Maamari, Adriana Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8107978880615790
Le but de cette recherche est d'analyser le concept de l'éducation de l'ouvrage d'Emile, ou De l'éducation chez Jean- Jacques Rousseau, L'objectif est de démontrer à quel point l'éducation négative peut être pensée comme une condition de possibilité d'éduquer les sentiments des enfants. L'Education négative, à l'ouvrage d'Emile ou De l'éducation peut être considérée comme un enseignement privé dans le dix-huitième siècle avec le rôle d'un précepteur, qui diffère d'une éducation publique et a, selon les règles de cette éducation négative, un aspect qui peut être considéré positif pour le développement naturel de l'enfant. Selon les théories de Jean -Jacques Rousseau, la référence pour cette analyse suit le principe que révèle (ou peut être supposé), que l'éducation attache une importance majeure à l'acquisition de la liberté et celuici est une aspiration que le sentiment se nourrit lui-même. Pour réaliser ce but notre recherche est limitée sur les aspects suivantes : i) faire d´abord une distinction entre nature et artifice, afin de montrer que cette distinction devient important à l'éducation des enfants; ii) démontrer ensuite que la liberté porte une importance central à l'éducation chez Emilio et que la liberté peut être réalisée à travers d'une éducation négative (une chose, on peut dire, fondamental pour les conditions de développement de la nature humaine chez les enfants); iii) enfin, exposer que l'éducation des êtres humain, y compris sa conscience, précède une éducation du sentiment et ce, à son tour, est réalisé à partir de la la condition de possibilité d'une éducation négative.
Software embarcado e os custos de transação no processo de decisão do estabelecimento dos locais de desenvolvimento: um estudo de caso na indústria de telecomunicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Barros, Marconi Cantalice; Côrtes, Mauro Rocha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3240522353381355
This work aims to carry out an exploratory study of the effects of the transaction costs inherent in the software development process in organizations decision about where to establish the location for this development. To achieve the objective proposed, assuming software development environment and the decentralized aspect of the activity that is promoted by large organizations in various places in the world and still supported in aspects present in Theory of transaction costs and also in the literature of Software development, the methodology adopted consists of a case study developed within a large organization of the telecommunications industry. The case study is built on a specific product transfer who became from the design Centre in India to the design Centre in Brazil. Quantitative data, such as indicators of product maintenance, and also qualitative ones as cultural aspects raised in the transfer project and by the organizations involved, delineate the observation approach and the counterpoint to theory. The results obtained show that, in addition to economic aspects, other relational order factors associated with transaction costs accompanying the software development activity exert a great influence on the process to determine which structure will house product development. The study may contribute for a better understanding of the processes of adaptation and the structuring of organizations in respect of their development structures in an environment increasingly diverse and geographically spread.
Uma abordagem de sistema de recomendação orientada pelo aprendizado sem fim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Gotardo, Reginaldo Aparecido; Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2508538092205306
Recommender Systems have a very well defined function: recommend something to someone. Through Artificial Intelligence techniques, more particularly from areas such as Data Mining and Machine Learning, it is possible to build recommendation systems. These systems will analyze large amounts of data and will inform users about some items that will probably interest them. However, some limitations of the recommender systems, which are sometimes, caused by the Mining or Learning models themselves or by the lack of available data make them computationally expensive or inaccurate. Besides, recommender systems in real environments are dynamic: data change over time or with new ratings, new users, new items or when user updates previous ratings. The Never Ending-Learning Approach (NEL) aims at a self-supervised and self-reflexive learning to mainly maximize learning of a system based on data from several sources, algorithms that can cooperate to make a better knowledge base considering the dynamic of real learning problems: learning improves along the time. As mentioned before, recommender systems are dynamic and depend on data between user and items. In order to minimize this dependency and to provide meaningful and useful results to users, this work presents a Recommender System approach guided by NEL Principles. Results show that it is possible to minimize or delay the data dependency through classifiers coupling techniques and concept deviation control. Due to that, it is possible to start with little data from a recommender system that will be dynamic and will receive new information. These new information will help even more in controlling the concept deviation and promoting the most useful recommendations. Then, this thesis presents how the Recommender System guided by NEL principles can contribute to the state of the art in recommender systems and implement a system with practical results through the Never-Ending Learning Approach.
Processos educativos: experiências de famílias em fase de remissão do câncer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Oliveira, Silvana Faraco de; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1948374234315116
The diagnosis and experiences of the treatment and follow up of a child or teenager with cancer can be a striking and destructuring not only for the patient but as well as the family. The emotional involvement of these families in this journey affects their own lives, since the experiences with cancer involve an adaptive process due to the troubles and changes that occur in the family dynamic, therefor, the family members learn how to deal with these difficulties to which they are exposed to and start to develop tackling strategies that allow them to adapt and survive in this new reality. In this context, the present research has as goals to identify the educational processes that occur in the living with cancer and understand how the families deal with the different phases related to the period of discovery, treatment and seeking for a cure for their children, brothers or sisters. A study case was developed in the qualitative nature and we counted with the collaboration of two families in which there was one child and one teenager in the follow up phase of cancer. The data gathering occurred in the city of São João da Boa Vista SP between the months of February and May of 2013, with open and individual interviews. The data analysis was made based on two themed categories: Resilience on cancer: A new meaning to life and Learning how to fight for life . The results revealed the after they have overcome the treatment phase, the families had a new meaning to the cancer experience, it was not seen as a synonym of death and punishment anymore and started to be seen as an opportunity of growth of everybody as human beings, which means that, the families understood that the experiences since the diagnoses and the treatment of cancer enabled them to think over their attitudes and forms of being in the world. In a general sense, all of them consider that the see and live life differently, they have become more comprehensive and less selfish, they are now concerned more with others, they cease the day and also they don t give as much importance to money and can now enjoy more the moments with their families. The collaborators of the research learned how to accept the cancer, have faith, trust and hope, not focusing on the disease, giving warmth and love to their children and siblings, to value the knowledge and feelings of the child, to follow the doctor s orientations, to exchange experiences with other people that have been through similar problems, to respect and seek the comprehension and union of all the family members and how to live intensely today. The appointed dimensions can contribute to the deconstruction of the stigma and the negative expectations the characterize cancer as a synonym of death, increasing hope and trust in the healing possibility and can be of special interest to think over the practice of health professionals, leading them to realize the importance of looking also to the families of the oncological patient, including them in care, respecting their feelings, knowledge, culture and forms of being and thinking, to accept and stand by them, consolidating with this the assistance giving of a humanized health care.
Legitimação da arte no campo científico: estudos de caso com grupos de pesquisa do CNPq
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Santos, Rojanira Roque dos; Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2501721311007264
Science and art belong to different social contexts and perform specific functions, however in order to become discipline and knowledge area, the art is dividing the same space with science: the academy. This approach is not free of conflicts since, according to sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, academic space can be considered a social field in this case, scientific field permeated by constant bickering and fights geared to the accumulation of symbolic capital and subsequent conquest of positions domain. Through this scenario, the participants of the field shall develop specific actions focused at the achievement and improvement of their position. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate how the students related to art have articulated their actions in order to conquer positions in the scientific field, based on the following question: what are the strategies of legitimation of art as a discipline and field of knowledge institutionalized in the academy? The research was based on the characteristic theoretical constructs of Social Studies of Science and Technology, essentially the notion of scientific field created by Bourdieu. From the methodological emphasis, we have used a qualitative approach employing such techniques for collect ing data document analysis, interviews and direct observation in a multiple case study with research groups registered at CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico). The results indicated that art suffers some degree of resistance to legitimize their actions in the scientific field and this resistance has been faced by academics linked to art through specific actions that, in this study, were considered strategies for the legitimation of art as scientific field, among which mimic the practices of other areas of knowledge, alliances with agents or institutions with dominant positions in the scientific field and participation in research groups.
O mundano e o promíscuo na arte latinoamericana: a prática social de pintores populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Souza, Paulo César Antonini de; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5053102098056338
La pintura popular realizada en el contexto de las calles de siete países latinoamericanos, es cargada de una intencionalidad que permite a la persona responsable por su creación, ofrecer a las demás personas que entran en contacto con su trabajo, sensaciones y aproximaciones afectivas que se manifiestan por la extasía de la obra en sí. Esta condición, materializada en formas simples, dibujos figurativos y colores, también carga valores sociales, referencial político y cultural de sus creadores/creadoras. Si nos focamos en el desenvolvimiento de los procesos creativos e estéticos responsables por traer aquella obra a la luz, podemos encontrar elementos cuyas potencialidades pueden ofrecer una forma más fluída y sensible de relacionarnos con otras personas y con el mundo. Esa condición de posibilidad se desveló en una investigación con trece artistas populares latino-americanos siendo una mujer y doce hombres habitantes y actuantes en las calles por medio de su arte, en las ciudades de San Carlos (Brasil), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Montevideo (Uruguay), Lima (Perú), Bogotá (Colombia), Ciudad de México (México) y Ciudad del Panamá (Panamá). Realizada entre julio de 2012 y diciembre de 2013, la investigación se orientó por los principios filosóficos y metodológicos da fenomenología, en la modalidad fenómeno situado, buscando comprender los procesos de creación estética de pintores populares latinoamericanos y las posibilidades pedagógicas de su práctica social que emergieron en la esencia de sus discursos, indicando que los procesos creativos posibilitan la extasía, porque en su relación con el trabajo que desenvuelven en el caso la pintura, que para muchos se configuró como una elección mediante otra profesión/carrera existe una materialización de energías, de la necesidad de conocer y reconocer experiencias, mediadas por el deseo de compartir esa vivencia con otras personas. Las potencialidades que esas características ofrecen para la Educación se instituyen en el Arte como medio de resistencia y libertad expresiva, en la cual América Latina que distancia continentalmente los hombres y mujeres entre sí, también aproxima en el no reconocimiento de una latinidad mundana y promiscua, que se realiza en la extasía de criar.
O papel do fogo na estruturação funcional e filogenética de savanas e florestas tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Dantas, Vinícius de Lima; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386981992178350
The savanna is a major biome covering one six of the Earth land surface. Its origin in the late Miocene seems to be tightly related to an increase in fire frequencies, promoting the spread of savannas and grasslands over areas previously dominated by forest vegetation. Fire has also been pointed out as an important factor regulating the current distribution of tropical savanna and forest biomes. Thus, it is impossible to fully understand the temporal dynamics of these biomes without knowledge on the mechanisms by which fire interacts with the environment and with plant traits to shape community assembly in the tropics. Thus, we focused in three broad questions related to the fire ecology of savanna and forest biomes: (1) What is the role of fire in structuring trait variability in savannas? (2) What is the role of fire in regulating the distribution of tropical savanna and forest biomes? (3) What are the main predictors of community assembly in fire filtered savannas and by which mechanisms they operate? To answer these questions we collected field data on plant traits measured at the individual level, soil and topographic information in Emas National Park (central Brazil) and obtained fire history information from remote sensing data. We used such data to test specific models about the dynamics of the vegetation in savanna and forest biomes. Our studies allowed us to conclude that: (1) Mesic savannas are fire-filtered in the sense that the variations in fire frequency currently observed in these savannas do not explain large fractions of the functional diversity and of the community assembly. (2) In the wet tropics, savannas and forests are two coexisting stable states with contrasting functional traits and assembly processes, regulated by fire-plant feedbacks. (3) In patchy fire-filtered savannas, community assembly is shaped by water and nutrient availabilities.
Associação entre polimorfismos no gene da glicoproteína-P (PgP) e resistência múltipla a anti-helmínticos em Haemonchus contortus e identificação de fatores de risco relacionados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Mello, Suelen Scarpa de; Niciura, Simone Cristina Méo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269530126090378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8568026403283913
Among the sheep parasites, Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and pathogenic nematode in tropical areas, causing huge economic losses. Alterations in the gene encoding the membrane P-glycoprotein (PgP) have been associated with multidrug resistance. The goal of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the PgP gene in H. contortus by comparing two isolates with different status of anthelmintic resistance. For this purpose, two ewes were experimentally infected, one with a susceptible H. contortus isolate (McMaster, Australia) and the other with a multidrug-resistant isolate (Embrapa2010, Brazil). Feces from infected animals were submitted to coproculture in order to obtain larvae and, after the slaughter of the ewes, adults H. contortus were collected from abomasum and individually submitted to DNA extraction. For the evaluation of potential molecular markers of geographic isolation, larvae originating from coprocultures of two other Brazilian isolates (Bahia and Pernambuco), with no determined resistance status, were also submitted to DNA extraction. After PCR amplification of DNA extracted from adults H. contortus, a fragment of the PgP gene was sequenced and six SNPs (position described in relation to the sequence of contig 004690 from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) were identified : 508 (A> G in exon), 580 (G> A), 601 (G> C), 800 (G> A), 845 (G> T), and 878 (G> T), the last five in introns. The Fisher's exact test, applying the Bonferroni correction, revealed a significant association (P<0.01) between 508, 580, 601, 845 and 878 SNPs and the state of resistance to anthelmintics. Among these SNPs, 601 and 878 are in linkage disequilibrium and form the CC haplotype associated (P < 0.05) to resistance and the GG haplotype associated to susceptibility. Considering that there is considerable genetic differentiation between different continental areas in H. contortus, the frequencies of the SNPs were compared between the Brazilian isolates and the susceptible Australian one. It was found that the SNPs 580 and 845 may be associated with geographic isolation. We conclude that the 508, 601 and 878 SNPs in the P-glycoprotein gene can be molecular markers for multiple resistance to anthelmintics, and that the 580 and 845 SNPs can be candidate markers of geographical isolation in H. contortus. We developed software for Risk Analysis Development of Parasitic Resistance to Anthelmintics in Sheep (SARA) which will provide information that may guide the rational use of anthelmintics.
Aplicação da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) no estudo do escoamento de ar e deposição de partículas em vias aéreas pulmonares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Augusto, Liliana de Luca Xavier; Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6049769741255261
The industrialization process and the fast growth of cities lead to an increase of respiratory diseases and, therefore, lead to the beginning of studies involving particle deposition in human lung airways. This work used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the air flow and particle deposition process in three bifurcations of human respiratory system bronchia, considering three ramifications. The model has been validated by the comparison with experimental data available in the literature. It was considered four inlet rates, which correspond to sleep, resting, moderate activity and intense activity breathing conditions of adult male, with particles diameters varying from 1 to 10 μm. It was observed that the air flow is more intense in the inner region of the model, since it was used a parabolic velocity profile at the inlet, and the presence of secondary motion. The particle deposition increased with the intensity of the activity due to higher momentum of the particles, resulting in greater deposition by inertial impaction. Furthermore, CFD techniques were used to compare the particle deposition process during inhalation and further breath holding and exhalation, separately. It was observed a higher number of deposited particles during breath holding when compared with exhalation, justifying the medical recommendations to hold the breath during few seconds after the inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosols. Lastly, the physical mechanisms of gravitational sedimentation, Brownian diffusion and inertial impaction were evaluated and indicated that gravitational sedimentation is more active for bigger particles, while Brownian diffusion has more importance for particles with smaller diameters, and both have more influence in situations involving low speed. Therefore, it can be concluded that CFD is a viable technique and it can be used to represent the physical phenomena of air flow and particle deposition in the portion of respiratory system considered in this work.
Sobre a síntese de pirróis 3,4-dissubstituídos e seus correspondentes derivados porfirínicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Assis, Francisco Fávaro de; Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0182263452298453
In this work we have developed the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyrroles, aiming at the preparation of strategically designed (continue...)
Estimativas a priori para problemas elípticos via desigualdade de Hardy-Sobolev
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Mendoza Aranda, Jose Miguel; Paiva, Francisco Odair Vieira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2889322093175193; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8615067875072268
In this thesis we study a priori bounds for positive solutions of a class of nonlinear elliptic equations. More precisely, we establish a priori bounds for positive solutions of the problem (continue...)
Prospecção tecnológica em ligas resistentes à corrosão para aplicação no setor de Óleo e Gás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Rosa, Carlos Batista de Aguiar; Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118; Quoniam, Luc; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754764003480925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4350228198397799
The steel industry is characterized by the production of metal alloys, mainly alloys based on iron and carbon. The possible combinations of alloying elements, create new arrangements or significant modifications of properties that result in special steels and high-alloy for applications in extreme situation demanding material. In this sense, the industry of high alloyed steels differs from conventional steels by a higher technological content and requires more efforts in innovation from the companies. Object of this work, Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs), are part of this universe and are widely used in the Oil and Gas (O&G) industry. Investments in this sector have been significant in recent years, mainly due to new oil exploration frontiers, especially the pre-salt basis around the Brazilian coast. The materials employed in the exploration wells shall fulfill the extremely corrosive conditions which require alloys with specific characteristics to avoid the well to collapse and long term operational life. These properties are reached by specific alloy arrangements and processes. In this context, follow the materials technological development in this field can provide competitive advantage and support technology management decisions. The aim of this work was to identify technological development trends of CRAs, using technological indicators extracted from patents. The main countries owning patents have been mapped, the time course and the main steel alloys used in technological developments from the data indexed in the Derwent Innovations Index based on the period from 1960 to 2011. The results show distinct technological targets and intensity among the more patenting countries, pointing China as a major holder of patents and the United States leading new research in the area. Brazil shows an increasing trend in the number of patents, a fact explained by the importance of the country in the O&G industry. This research also indicates that much of the research of the steel industries in this sector is guided by customer needs.
Mulheres negras e seus cabelos: um estudo sobre questões estéticas e identitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Rosa, Camila Simões; Onofre, Elenice Maria Cammarosano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391211432183878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1276568343434060
The identity construction process in black women, starting from the relation that they have with their hair , it is the proposal of this study and based on discrimination regarding gender issue, and mainly ethnic-racial, that when are analyzed as social construction induce loss and conflicts in the identity of black women. Through this it is possible find out that the social representation made to the hair of white people as being good and black people as being bad it is part of a racist process and this characteristics fall on the individual. There is a stress zone between white esthetic and black esthetic and the white esthetic is taken as standard of beauty to be sought and followed by black or not black women. From this foundation the goal set for the investigation was: to understand black women and their esthetic analyzing how the hair interfere/interfered in their identity construction along of path life. Based om general goal were definite as specific goals: to understand how the black women mean their identity, identify and analyze racism situation experienced for this women, analyze how the esthetic issue, especially curly hair, is understanding by women related with to be black The study seek to answer the research question: How does the hair define the construction of the identity on the black women path life? As methodology instruments were used the observation with diary fields records, interviews and conversation and participated as cooperators five black women. The collected data were organized analysis screen and from them emerged three analysis focus. The first focus is Experienced of Childhood The black girl in the family and school context provided us an opportunity to understand childhood experienced and the school admission of the women cooperators. It was possible to realize the important of mother figure on the hair treat and we recognize the school as the first space of denial and "inferiorization" of black people body and curly hair. On the second focus, The mean of to be black and the representation of themselves. We concentrated on the cooperators women understanding in the blackness aspects, your experienced related with racism discriminatory practices, the high sexuality about the black woman body, beyond the strategies that they use to overcome the difficulties of being black in the male chauvinist and racist society. Lastly, in the third analysis focus Curly Hair and Black identity we searched to understand the perceptions of cooperator women about identity issues connecting this issues with the relation that they establish with their hair. The results of this investigation showed elements for the racism understanding and allowed us to extend our vision about the preconception experienced daily by black women, We found out that beyond the conflict that they face because of the denial of your esthetics, these women learn ans use strategies to overcome the racism jokes, the myth of racial democracy, the high sexuality of their bodies and the negative stereotypes regarding the blackness. Third study did not have purpose to expose absolute and unquestionable truths, against it, we want to bring some significant contributions to the discussion in the education sector with the purpose to overcome ethnic-racial inequalities.
Políticas públicas para a educação do campo no estado de São Paulo: impactos, repercussões, contradições e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-28) Lima, Elianeide Nascimento; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0048667138672327
This thesis aimed to understand the relationships between State and public policies for Field Education, and how they are implemented in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. To do so, it was made an incursion into the State theories on Marx and Gramsci in order to make a counterpoint to the capitalist model of State, specifically in its neoliberal strand. In addition, it was investigated how Education policies have been established in our country, identifying the appointments in the present neoliberal policies within federal level, and how the State of São Paulo has dealt both with the prescribed education policies of the federal Government, as well as how it has been dealing with education and field education. It was necessary search for official documents and scientific productions about those topics, as well as interviewing educators (teachers, coordinators, municipal secretaries of education, in the State of São Paulo) in order to understand the impact of federal public policies for field education on the field education in the State of São Paulo in Brazil.