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Caracterização estrutural e monitoramento ótico da cristalização de nanocompósitos de polietileno de alta densidade com partículas de diferentes geometrias durante a moldagem por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Beatrice, Cesar Augusto Gonçalves
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6023179925944867
The main objectives of this project were to study the morphology, the crystallization kinetics and to monitor on-line the crystallization during the injection molding process using an optical system of nanocomposites of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with three different inorganic particles: montmorillonite nanoclay, halloysite nanotubes and faujasite type zeolite. The optical system allowed analyzing the crystallization process by the changes of the optical properties during the solidification of the materials. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation in a twin-screw extruder. The resultant structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rheological properties. The extruded nanocomposites developed intercalated and well distributed structures. Crystallization kinetics studies were done by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. It was concluded that the nanoparticles in quiescent conditions accelerated the overall crystallization of HDPE, acting as nucleating agents. The nucleating effect of these particles was predominant over the HDPE crystallization and they also modified the nucleation mechanism and the crystal morphology in some conditions. From the studies of flow induced crystallization, it was observed again that the nanoparticles accelerated the crystal growth rate. In this case it was attributed to the weak forces between the polymer chains and the surface of the nanoparticles. Finally, the nanocomposites’ crystallization was monitored during the injection molding process. The optical system showed that the nanoparticles accelerated the crystallization of HDPE; the optical results were correlated with the morphology of the injection molded samples.
Sistemática do gênero Cryptonanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) baseada em análises moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Fegies, Ana Claudia
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Carmignotto, Ana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8906585526257608
The Cryptonanus genus, in Didelphidae family, is currently constituted by five recognized species restricted to the open vegetation areas of South America: C. agricolai, C. chacoensis, C. guahybae, C. ignitus e C. unduaviensis. Morphological analyses on specimens from Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal, indicate the need of taxonomic revision for this group, especially considering its wide range of phenotypic variation and geographic distribution. This study aims to contribute in Cryptonanus species delimitation by evaluating possible patterns of intra and interspecific genetic variation, by the analysis of the phylogenetic relationships from the genetic lineages and their geographic distribution. Combined analysis using mtDNA potentially informative sequences, from cytochrome b (cytb) and subunit I of cytochrome oxidase c (coI) genes, were performed for 51 Cryptonanus specimens, in addition to independent analysis of each marker, 64 specimens for cytb and 54 for coI, sampling a total of 42 localities in South America. Genetic distances were estimated based on a DNA barcode approach. Phylogenetic relationships were retrieved from the results of Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. The topologies recovered were congruent relative to the position of the genus Cryptonanus as a monophyletic cluster, subdivided in nine clades. Regarding species delimitation, two evolutionary hypotheses were tested: 1- the maintenance of four from five valid taxa (except C. ignitus, since this species was not included in the analyses), based on the characterization of intraspecific genetic variation ranged from 0 to 5,3% (cytb) and from 0 to 5,1% (coI), while interspecific variation ranging from 4,1 to 13,2% (cytb) and from 4,7 to 9,6% (coI), related with genetically structured populations in C. agricolai and C. chacoensis clusters; 2- extended biological diversity, related with the identification of five new species besides the five currently recognized. On this scenario, intraspecific genetic variation ranges from 0 to 2,4% (cytb) and from 0 to 3% (coI), while interespecific variation ranges from 2,1 to 13,2% for cytb and 1,6 to 9,6% for coI. The hypothesis 2 is argued to provide a better picture for species delimitation in Cryptonanus, based on the congruence between geographic structure, intra and interspecific genetic variation ranges and the recovery of reciprocal monophyletic genetic lineages in every phylogenetic analyses.
Limnologia de lagos de várzea do rio Madeira com ênfase na diversidade e produção secundária da comunidade zooplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Negreiros, Natalia Felix
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3086420642087602
The study of diversity and productivity can contribute to understanding the functioning of Amazonian ecosystems as a whole and especially to the conservation of its aquatic biota, considered one of the richest in species on the planet. The present study aimed to analyze the course of three years the limnological characteristics of three floodplain lakes of the Madeira River in the area of influence of the Santo Antônio hydroelectric plant on the Madeira, in the region near to Porto Velho, Rondônia, with emphasis on the zooplankton community. Samples were quarterly covering the four major hydrological periods: low water, flood, high water and ebb over three years (2010-2013). Physical, chemical and biological variables of the lakes were collected and correlated with species composition, biomass and production of zooplankton. The zooplankton community was characterized by high species richness (195 taxa) and high degree of endemism for the group of Copepoda Calanoida. The results showed that the three lakes have eutrophic or mesotrophic characteristics. The highest values of density and biomass of zooplankton in the lake occurred Cujubim. The rotifers were numerically dominant, but the Copepoda dominated in biomass and secondary production in lakes Cuniã and San Miguel. There was little variability in secondary production of zooplankton, being slightly higher in the lake Cujubim with increased production of copepods and rotifers in this lake. The rainfall variation demarcated the occurrence of well-defined hydrological periods, directly affecting the hydrodynamics of this region, controlling population fluctuations of zooplankton, probably brought by the increased availability of resources on the Madeira River in the flood season, playing an important role in the organization of food webs, and how to link the transfer of matter and energy in food chains.
Contribuições do projeto ProMEA na rede (São Carlos SP) à construção de identidade e à formação ambiental continuada de professoras do ensino básico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Tullio, Ariane Di
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9511903187279525
This research was linked to the ProMEA Network project: an alternative to overcome some difficulties of environmental education (EE) in primary education. One of its methodological strategies consisted in selecting teachers to articulate municipal schools and the community in EE actions. Thus, a working group was formed/created, consisting of basic education teachers, educational managers / supervisors and this work´s author in the development of her doctoral research. We understand that the way it was designed and developed, especially with regard to reflection and dialogue on the practices among all participants, ProMEA Network also meant a process of formation of environmental educators imbedded in the scope of their activity. The objective of this research was to understand the ways in which a process of EE in a public school can contribute to the formation and construction of the identities of teachers as environmental educators. We also sought to understand the contributions of some specific aspects of the project: the environmental mappings and diagnosis and the watershed approach. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of UFSCar (Decision 09/2012). The theoretical framework was the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the dialogic pedagogy of Paulo Freire, according to which, we assume an intersubjective epistemology, in which knowledge is constructed on dialogue between the subjects about their experiences. Methods and techniques that allow dialogue between the subject and the interpretation of their language were used. The main trajectories of approximation of basic school teachers to EE have been the specialization and / or extension courses and the introduction of EE in their teaching practices. It is also important to emphasize the role of personal experiences and interpersonal relations that acquire new meanings in this process. The acting of environmental educators in the formal education needs to have an institutionalization that values EE in school and facilitates their work within the current structure. The dialogical and critical perspective of EE was highly valued because cooperation, dialogue and reflection among teachers about their practices and their role in school and in society as a whole were mentioned as important aspects in a formative environmental process. This process also needs to produce joy and satisfaction in school life, which favors changes in the professional and personal educators practices. From their EE practice, teachers build an ecological identity, notwithstanding heterogeneous and provisional, depending on opportunities for action, leading them to identify with the environmental ideals not only in the professional context, but also taking these ideas and practices for their personal daily lives. Therefore, in the school context, EE becomes a pathway to the environmental field, and the institutionalization of EE in basic education is essential for the continuity of the construction of this identity by the teachers and consequently environmental educational activities.
Práticas e avaliação da sustentabilidade nos canteiros de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Zeule, Ludimilla de Oliveira
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Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8161393701431874
This paper addresses the concept of sustainability and its application in construction sites. The construction sector seen as great usufruidor of natural resources and the waste generator to interfere in the natural characteristics of the environment. In order to change this paradigm is a set of necessary actions related to the integration of sustainable practices that seek to reduce waste indices, improve quality processes and qualify manpower. Seeking to identify how sustainable a construction site can be, this work proposes a methodology for evaluating the implementation of sustainability based on practices aimed at execution phase adopted by seals environmental certifications existing, through a checklist of six items: sustainable site, rational use of water, rational use of energy, materials and resources, environmental quality, and innovation processes. The main purpose of this tool is to identify good practices, scoring the situations observed and classify sites in sustainability levels. The checklist was applied in six construction systems sites and geographies distinct, aiming at studying the different occurrences. In a final step the results of the visits were compiled, and from exposure of the analyzed data it was found that the checklist should function as a guide of recommendations in the execution phase of construction. It was found a list of viability for different types of works, such as Housing Development Social Interest (EHIS), certified environmentally or not, located in different geographical regions. It was concluded that the companies visited are concerned with environmental issues in accordance with the business strategy adopted, and that sometimes occurs lack of planning, knowledge and support tools for adequate insertion of sustainable practices at construction sites.
A bola da vez: gestão e resistência no cotidiano de uma favela carioca em contexto de pacificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06)
Postigo, Evelyn Louyse Godoy
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3474384732649488
Rio de Janeiro city has undergone significant changes over the past two decades, principally respect to devices that regulates the way of life from populations from favelas' neighborhood. They explain that the conflict in the relation favela and asphalt has been increasingly understood by the violence key. I noteworthy which these changes have been with marked with the preparation of the city for the mega events Soccer World Cup and Olympic Games. In view of this scenery, the aim of this work was to think, starting from a ethnographic research performed in Cidade de Deus Rio de Janeiro (one of the first slum to receive the project Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora UPP [Pacifying Police Unit]), how social and politic conflicts are daily experienced by favela dwellers under pacification context. I argued that, if in the ambit of production of discourses, the spheres of politics, religion, State and crime can be antagonistic and in conflict. At the level of social relations more capillaries, the borders between these spheres are blurred. It is intended to, but they are not exclusionary among them, coexisting within assessed sceneries.
Estrutura das comunidades fito e zooplanctônicas do Reservatório Guarapiranga (São Paulo) e relações com a hidrodinâmica e a eutrofização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07)
Santos, Renata Martins dos
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6065927314969856
Reservoirs are ecologically complex and heterogenous environments subject to impacts caused by increased human activities in its hydrographic basin, causing among other disorders, the eutrophication. The phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities can be used as bioindicators for responding quickly to changes that occur in water bodies. The aim this study was to analyze the phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities in Guarapiranga reservoir in relation to different ecological parameters searching to correlate them to hydrodynamic factors and eutrophication. Intensive studies were performed with sampling surveys in both horizontal and vertical axis. Physical and chemical characteristics and also the trophic status of the reservoir were evaluated, and the phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities were studied in relation to species richness, population densities, biomass, secondary production, diversity, uniformity and dominance. The Guarapiranga reservoir is a heterogeneous water body with a small oligotrophic portion, some mesotrophic portions and a larger part eutrophic with high richness of planktonic organisms. The results from two diel cycles characterized the system studied in this period as polymitic, with thermal stratifications interspersed by periods of partial circulation. The air temperature and wind speed were the most important meteorological factors that altered the thermal structure of the reservoir. The phytoplankton was dominated by the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West and the zooplankton by microzooplankton (rotifers and Cyclopoida nauplii). The most eutrophic reservoir compartments were Parelheiros, Embu-Mirim and Guavirutuba. The rotifer Conochlius unicornis Rousselet and the cladoceran Bosminopsis deitersi Richard were indicators of Embu-Guaçu oligo/mesotrophic compartment. The high biomass of Filinia longiseta Ehrenberg in Parelheiros indicated tolerance of this species to extremely eutrophic conditions. The Guarapiranga reservoir is a system with high secondary productivity when compared to other environments of different trophic degree, having as dominant groups the Cyclopoida and rotifers. It was found that Guarapiranga reservoir has high secondary production, but the great load of nutrients needs to be stopped in order to reverse the eutrophication process and to recover the water quality of this important water resource.
Ensino de leitura com diferentes treinos discriminativos a aprendizes com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07)
Gomes, Máyra Laís de Carvalho
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0501936042511201
This study has its origins in the search for teaching reading procedures that meet the needs of all of the apprentices, based on different discriminative problems for the construction of the network of relationships between stimuli and between stimuli and responses that make up the repertoire of reading. Study 1 was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching procedures with different discrimination trainings based on specific teaching conditions simple discrimination, simple discrimination with differential and specific reinforcement, and conditional discrimination and untreated condition (control) eight isolated words. Each discriminative training applied differently for each individual, was scheduled involving a pair of three simple syllable words: girl (menina) and mustache (bigode), salad (salada) and drawer (gaveta), popcorn (pipoca) and horse (cavalo), window (janela) and tomato (tomate). This study was held in a special school with 12 learners with intellectual disabilities. We tested the formation of classes between the pictures and printed words and the reading of teaching and generalization words. We used a randomized alternated treatment between teaching conditions that alternated the different workouts in a quickly and balanced way. The participants were exposed to a specific sequence of teaching so as to minimize the effect of the sequence itself and only five learners achieved a significant learning on the proposed procedure. The same procedure was replicated for four more typically developing children with reading difficulties and were obtained similar learning outcomes. Then the Study 2 was held with the proposal to determine the influence of progressively teaching prior repertoires for the establishment of classes of stimuli and, consequently, for the skills of reading, from the range of learning criteria. We selected two of the students of the last study with the lowest input relational repertoires. The identity relations were taught between stimuli, matching to sample (conditional discrimination), identity constructed response, naming of pictures and echoic behavior to them. Both learners had learned relational relations between pictures to printed words, and printed words to pictures and its reading. It was argued, therefore, that the alternated sequence of instruction in Study 1 was not enough in isolation to control the effectiveness of each training condition, and that Study 2 verified the effectiveness of teaching basic skills for expanding the repertoire of reading.
Extensões dos modelos de sobrevivência referente a distribuição Weibull
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07)
Vigas, Valdemiro Piedade
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0661688648741476
In this dissertation, two models of probability distributions for the lifetimes until the occurrence of the event produced by a specific cause for elements in a population are reviewed. The first revised model is called the Weibull-Poisson (WP) which has been proposed by Louzada et al. (2011a). This model generalizes the exponential-Poisson distributions proposed by Kus (2007) and Weibull. The second, called long-term model, has been proposed by several authors and it considers that the population is not homogeneous in relation to the risk of event occurence by the cause studied. The population has a sub-population that consists of elements who are not liable do die by the specific cause in study. These elements are considered as immune or cured. In relation to the elements who are at risk the minimum value of time of the event accurance is observed. In the review of WP the expressions of the survival function, quantile function, probability density function, and of the hazard function, as well the expression of the non-central moments of order k and the distribution of order statistics are detailed. From this review we propose, in an original way, studies of the simulation to analyze the paramenters of frequentist properties of maximum likelihood estimators for this distribution. And also we also present results related to the inference about the parameters of this distribution, both in the case in which the data set consists of complete observations of lifetimes, and also in the case in which it may contain censored observations. Furthermore, we present in this paper, in an original way a regression model in a form of location and scale when T has WP distribution. Another original contribution of this dissertation is to propose the distribution of long-term Weibull-Poisson (LWP). Besides studying the LWP in the situation in which the covariates are included in the analysis. We also described the functions that characterize this distribution (distribution function, quantile function, probability density function and the hazard function). Moreover we describe the expression of the moment of order k, and the density function of a statistical order. A study by simulation viii of this distribution is made through maximum likelihood estimators. Applications to real data set illustrate the applicability of the two considered models.
Síntese, caracterização e adesão celular de uma nova classe de hidrogéis injetáveis, termo sensíveis e biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Mistura, Daniel Vinícius
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Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6449213726086556
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
Hydrogels have been widely studied, especially as injectable materials for applications as biomaterials. These hydrogels may possess thermosensitive features near body temperature (LCST Lower Critical Solution Temperature around 37ºC), rapid gelation, carry drugs, cells or cell growth factors. The current challenge is to make these materials biodegradables and mechanical properties optimized for their use in cardiac tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to synthesize hydrogels of poly(N-iropropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) from a new class of macromer consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacylate (HEMA), poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and trimethylene carbonate (PLDLA-co-TMC) in order to give the hydrogel biodegradation characteristics and mechanical properties suitable for future applications in cardiac tissue engineering. Hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, the macromer having concentrations ranging from 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) to evaluate the influence in chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. Macroscopic evaluation showed that the hydrogels exhibit characteristics of injectable and thermosensibility. Swelling tests showed swelling hydrogels with absorption of 20, 29 and 63% of water for compositions. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR 13C e 1H) confirmed the copolymerization of HEMA with PLDLA-co-TMC as well as the copolymerization of hydrogel PNIPAAm-co-AAc-co-HEMAPLDLA-co-TMC. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) corroborated the data found in (NMR 13C e 1H). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed a glass transition temperature of 114ºC, 130ºC and 98ºC for hydrogels, near those found in literature, moreover, showed the LCST for samples at 29ºC, 30ºC and 24ºC, temperatures being lower than 37ºC, indicating these hydrogels may be used in the human body. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed hydrogels without interconnected pores. Mechanical tensile tests showed hydrogels with Young s Modulus of 531, 922 and 725 kPa, and over 500% strain in all synthesized compositions. Degradation of materials followed by weight loss and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) demonstrated stability of hydrogel during first 4 weeks and after 10 weeks showed the onset of weight loss. Finally, the biological interactions assays showed the material as cytocompatible and non-toxic to Vero cells. Thus, the synthesized hydrogels are promising for future applications in cells carriers for tissue engineering.
Uma leitura comportamental sobre o método Paulo Freire de alfabetização: convite ao diálogo entre analistas do comportamento e educadores freireanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Bachega, Denise
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8339894297281762
This study aimed to highlight interactions in the educational environment, more specifically in literacy approaching Paulo Freire s literacy method and some aspects of his theory from the perspective of Behavior Analysis. The objectives were to conduct a behavioral reading on the application of Paulo Freire s Literacy Method on the experience of Angicos - RN (1963 ) and to develop reflections on these two conceptions of education (Behavior Analysis and Freire s theory). The study consisted of a theoretical exploratory research consulting primary and secondary sources to provide a contextualization of the educational proposals concerned; a behavioral reading on Literacy Method, and; some discussions and considerations about possible contributions between educators in these two areas. From this behavioral reading one can indicate that in the Freirean method the objectives are not restricted to the reproduction of the actions of reading and writing but they stand out the relevance of these actions for the subject and for the society in which he or she is inserted. In addition, there is also the search for a construction of a non-punitive verbal community and the discussions that integrate this proposal can be understood as a teaching condition that lead to discrimination on the social contingencies in which participants take part and also the possible ways of counter control related to these contingencies. Given the objectives of the study it is possible to indicate that while one of the key concepts of Paulo Freire s proposals is that educational practices must be committed to the radical transformation of social relations, the behavioral assertion, although recognizing the importance and influence of political aspects to education, focuses on the effectiveness of teaching conditions and are less explicit about its political position compared to the Brazilian theorist s proposals. Thus, the invitation assumed by this work is to seek for new ways of making a Science increasingly committed to the transformation of the oppressive social conditions.
Catarse e educação: contribuições de Gramsci e o significado da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Cardoso, Mario Mariano Ruiz
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Martins, Marcos Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466684523583420
This dissertation deals with the concept of catharsis in the work of Antonio Gramsci and the incorporation and the meaning of the catharsis in Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Divided into five parts, in the first chapter are presented the main concepts of the thought of Antonio Gramsci necessary to the understanding of catharsis in this intellectual work. The second chapter begins with the etymology of the term catharsis and then is deepened the meaning that catharsis reaches in Gramsci's work. The third chapter gives an historical overview of the emergence of Historical-Critical Pedagogy, and presents the main concepts of this pedagogical perspective as well as the relationship established with the dialectical historical materialism. The following is a chapter devoted to identifying the meaning of catharsis in the Historical- Critical Pedagogy and the relationship with the totality of this theoretical and methodological elaboration. The last chapter is devoted to the relationship between the concept of catharsis in Antonio Gramsci and the concept of catharsis in PHC, advocating a continuation and advancement in the elaboration of the catharsis in PHC in relation to Gramsci's work. It is stated that both Antonio Gramsci work, as the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, the catharsis occupies a central place. In Gramsci the catharsis indicates the passage from the economic moment to the ethical-political moment, in other words, from the upper elaboration of structure to superstructure in the conscience of men, from the objective to the subjective and from need to freedom, as a movement of dialectical overcoming required to the production of a new hegemony by the subaltern classes. For the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, based on Gramsci, the catharsis is a fundamental pedagogical category, because for throught this process the subalternal classes can advance on qualitative transformation of the insertion of individuals and groups in a struggle for radical change in social reality. Therefore, the catharsis on Historical-Critical Pedagogy is the culmination point of the educational process; refers to the moment when cultural instruments historically produced by humanity are embedded in the students lives and are transformed into tools of the struggle to build a classless society. Indeed, the Gramscian sense of catharsis is the starting point for the cathartic moment in oriented educational practice in the historical-critical perspective, and it is central to the struggle for the lower classes hegemony in terms posed by Gramsci.
Marcas do desejo: um estudo sobre os critérios de raça na seleção de parceiros em relações homoeróticas masculinas criadas online na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Kurashige, Keith Diego
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Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1815508785596967
Inferência em modelos de regressão com erros de medição sob enfoque estrutural para observações replicadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Tomaya, Lorena Yanet Cáceres
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Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0145921960754746
The usual regression model fits data under the assumption that the explanatory variable is measured without error. However, in many situations the explanatory variable is observed with measurement errors. In these cases, measurement error models are recommended. We study a structural measurement error model for replicated observations. Estimation of parameters of the proposed models was obtained by the maximum likelihood and maximum pseudolikelihood methods. The behavior of the estimators was assessed in a simulation study with different numbers of replicates. Moreover, we proposed the likelihood ratio test, Wald test, score test, gradient test, Neyman's C test and pseudolikelihood ratio test in order to test hypotheses of interest related to the parameters. The proposed test statistics are assessed through a simulation study. Finally, the model was fitted to a real data set comprising measurements of concentrations of chemical elements in samples of Egyptian pottery. The computational implementation was developed in R language.
A influência dos fatores abióticos na determinação dos padrões florísticos existentes na estação Ecológica de Itirapina, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10)
Leite, Marcelo Boccia
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823877983865382
The Cerrado is the second largest biome of Brazil, originally covering 22% of the country and occurring in 16 states and Federal District. It is considered a world´s biodiversity hotspot, containing 1.2 percent of all flora richness. The cerrado physiognomies are characterized as a vegetation mosaic, ranging from open grassland formations to dense forests, replacing along a physiognomy continuum. These physiognomies are formed by two layers with different competition abilities (1) herbaceous, as best competitor for water and nutrients available in the surface layers , while (2) woody components, which uptake more efficiently the resources available in deeper soil. Differences in competitive ability between these layers, associated with environmental heterogeneity (i.e. fire, soil physical-chemistry and water availability) are strongly related with differences between the physiognomies. In this study, we aimed (1) describe the structure of three Cerrado physiognomies, focusing on the woody components; (2) asses the efficiency of different descriptors of savanna physiognomies; (3) address the role of abiotic factors (soil and water availability) on the occurrence of these physiognomies. We carried out the study in the Itirapina Ecological Station (22º11'- 22 15'S and 47º51'-48º00'W), São Paulo state, Brazil. We found differences in species richness, dominant families and importance value index (IVI) compared with other cerrado areas. In addition, Byrsonima coccolobifolia showed as an important species in opened physiognomies throughout the country, whereas occurrence of Gochnatia polymorpha was limited to the austral region of Cerrado. Our results showed that floristic similarity, basal area and cylinder volume were less effective cerrado descriptors, whereas richness, density, basal area of the widest individual and the height of the largest individual were effective as descriptors of all physiognomies evaluated. Since we found little differences in physical and chemical properties between our the studied sites, and, these differences were related to high water availability indicating the soil parameters does not drive the occurrence of physiognomies in entisols. In contrast, we found a positive relation between groundwater level and the occurrence of grasslands, which never subject to water deficit. We conclude that water table depth drives the vegetation gradient in the Itirapina Ecological Station (IEE) and could have a similar role, in other sites of Cerrado that also occur in entisols.
A presença de Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae) em fragmento florestal: aspectos da história de vida e sua interação com a comunidade vegetal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-11)
Araujo, Melina Alcalá de
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7782163752432829
Biological invasion is considered a major threat to biological diversity. One of the consequences of converting forest to fragmented landscape is the entrance of exotic species into the interior of the forest remnants. Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), the coffee plant, a native shrub species of African forests and historically introduced in Brazil for commercial purposes. Currently, the plant community is composed of many fragments of forest that bordered the old farms producing coffee with pronounced dominance. The study was conducted in a fragment of semideciduous forest in São Carlos, São Paulo. This study sought to generate information about the process or stage of the life cycle that influence population growth, investigating over two consecutive years the influence of removal of C. arabica on the growth of regenerating individuals of tree and shrub species , featuring floristic and structure of regenerating community where the presence of exotic species occurs. Data were collected in two areas of the fragment (edge and inside). Evaluation of population growth rate (λ) showed that the population remains stable in different environmental conditions, noting that the species is effectively established in the fragment, characterized as invasive species in this environment. It has not been possible to conclude that coffee influences the growth and/or establishment of natural regenerating community. The diversity and abundance differ between edge and interior of the fragment, with the greatest wealth in the forest interior. Note that this is one of the last remnants of Semideciduous Forest in the region of São Carlos, and despite its small size, isolation, impoverishment and the abundant presence of coffee, especially in its edge, knowledge about the composition and this operating environment is of utmost importance.
O meu rolê na raça: intersecções entre adolescentes, gênero e raça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-11)
Silva, Cassiana Rodrigues Alves
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3217166627087004
Entre o som e o silêncio: a literatura ameríndia e o romance Órfãos do Eldorado de Milton Hatoum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-11)
Andrade, Edson Dorneles de
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2374471841112614
The novel Orphans of Eldorado (2008 ), by Milton Hatoum, brings into his narrative a number of references to Amazonian texts of different indigenous and riverine populations of the region of Manaus , Amazonia . Highlighting the indigenous elements , seems to build a deep dialogue with the call Amerindian literature , thus expanding the possibilities for analysis and interpretation of the work . The narrative is inspired by the myth of Eldorado , a possibly indigenous source of a series of records made throughout history that show the tense relationship between the colonial and post- colonial explorers in the Amazonian indigenous peoples and their lands . In addition to this story , other indigenous texts are cited and appear in the novel , composing a rich and heterogeneous scenario . To take account of this literary phenomenon , we mobilize our work in the categories of literary heterogeneity , intertextuality and rhizome , looking to make a broad approach that seeks to bring to the discussion the relevance of Amerindian substrate of the work , and show the importance of indigenous literature for this novel . We also consider it important to use the methodology of tensive semiotics to highlight gradations , the gradiência , and relationships , realizing the game of presence and absence of these indigenous elements that appear in the figures of sound, noise and silence. We believe that this work can contribute not only to compose the critical fortune of this novel , but to emphasize the importance of indigenous elements and indigenous reality in Brazilian literature and society.
Fatores que influenciam a distribuição da herbácea Heliconia acuminata L. C. Rich (Heliconiaceae) em subosque na Amazônia central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-11)
Rubim, Paulo
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Bruna, Emilio Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7367233199887607
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
The determinants of species distribution are continually questioned by researchers. What we know is that depending on the scale of approach such patterns may respond with different magnitudes. We did three approaches with different experimental designs with a common understory plant specie in central Amazonia. In the first chapter, we tested for the density-dependece on growth and mortality of seedlings. The results indicate that seedlings can grow less when alone in the natural environment, however, not observed experimentally. The second chapter, we describe the effects of neighborhood in reproductive effort. The reproductive frequency and intensity proved inconsistent spatially and temporally, the light was best explained the variation between neighborhood effects. And finally we explore the explanatory factors on Heliconia acuminata L. C. Richard (Heliconiaceae), distribution in mesoscale and landscape scale. The mechanims approach on a landscape scale becomes less representative by soil components distribution associated with altimetry in landscape set distribution patterns. The seedling emergence spatial pattern overlaps with the density in breeding and reproductive individuals, increase in occupancy around these individuals, independent of sample scale. In this scenario, we analized the density-dependence effects, neighbor effects and explanatory factors on H. acuminata in the three following chapter.
Habermas e a educação: a práxis comunicativa no horizonte do pensamento pós-metafísico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-11)
Silva, Paulo Rogério da
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Gomes, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5235463026037969
After identifying the interference of systemic mechanisms in education, reduced, in turn, to the utilitarian condition of simple means for the achievement of extrinsic ends, the dissertation presents the communicative praxis as a proposal of reflection and demarcation of the interests existing between system and culture. For this, it is taken into account the theoretical framework of Habermas, which guided by the paradigm of intersubjectivity, seeks to reintegrate a modern rationality and linguistically decentered (post-metaphysical), situated in the reality of procedural mode and based on the aspect dialogic performative of the interactions arising from the lived world. The communicative praxis, therefore, enables the enhancement of basic elements for democratic debate aiming the understanding , and then preventing the instrumental character of the unilateral coercions present in teaching procedures and, thus, to ensure learning that aims not only the logic of success, but also the experience of interactions permeated by cognitive, normative and aesthetic practices.