Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2014-03-06"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Caracterização estrutural e monitoramento ótico da cristalização de nanocompósitos de polietileno de alta densidade com partículas de diferentes geometrias durante a moldagem por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Beatrice, Cesar Augusto Gonçalves; Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6023179925944867
The main objectives of this project were to study the morphology, the crystallization kinetics and to monitor on-line the crystallization during the injection molding process using an optical system of nanocomposites of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with three different inorganic particles: montmorillonite nanoclay, halloysite nanotubes and faujasite type zeolite. The optical system allowed analyzing the crystallization process by the changes of the optical properties during the solidification of the materials. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation in a twin-screw extruder. The resultant structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rheological properties. The extruded nanocomposites developed intercalated and well distributed structures. Crystallization kinetics studies were done by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. It was concluded that the nanoparticles in quiescent conditions accelerated the overall crystallization of HDPE, acting as nucleating agents. The nucleating effect of these particles was predominant over the HDPE crystallization and they also modified the nucleation mechanism and the crystal morphology in some conditions. From the studies of flow induced crystallization, it was observed again that the nanoparticles accelerated the crystal growth rate. In this case it was attributed to the weak forces between the polymer chains and the surface of the nanoparticles. Finally, the nanocomposites’ crystallization was monitored during the injection molding process. The optical system showed that the nanoparticles accelerated the crystallization of HDPE; the optical results were correlated with the morphology of the injection molded samples.
Sistemática do gênero Cryptonanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) baseada em análises moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Fegies, Ana Claudia; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8906585526257608
The Cryptonanus genus, in Didelphidae family, is currently constituted by five recognized species restricted to the open vegetation areas of South America: C. agricolai, C. chacoensis, C. guahybae, C. ignitus e C. unduaviensis. Morphological analyses on specimens from Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal, indicate the need of taxonomic revision for this group, especially considering its wide range of phenotypic variation and geographic distribution. This study aims to contribute in Cryptonanus species delimitation by evaluating possible patterns of intra and interspecific genetic variation, by the analysis of the phylogenetic relationships from the genetic lineages and their geographic distribution. Combined analysis using mtDNA potentially informative sequences, from cytochrome b (cytb) and subunit I of cytochrome oxidase c (coI) genes, were performed for 51 Cryptonanus specimens, in addition to independent analysis of each marker, 64 specimens for cytb and 54 for coI, sampling a total of 42 localities in South America. Genetic distances were estimated based on a DNA barcode approach. Phylogenetic relationships were retrieved from the results of Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. The topologies recovered were congruent relative to the position of the genus Cryptonanus as a monophyletic cluster, subdivided in nine clades. Regarding species delimitation, two evolutionary hypotheses were tested: 1- the maintenance of four from five valid taxa (except C. ignitus, since this species was not included in the analyses), based on the characterization of intraspecific genetic variation ranged from 0 to 5,3% (cytb) and from 0 to 5,1% (coI), while interspecific variation ranging from 4,1 to 13,2% (cytb) and from 4,7 to 9,6% (coI), related with genetically structured populations in C. agricolai and C. chacoensis clusters; 2- extended biological diversity, related with the identification of five new species besides the five currently recognized. On this scenario, intraspecific genetic variation ranges from 0 to 2,4% (cytb) and from 0 to 3% (coI), while interespecific variation ranges from 2,1 to 13,2% for cytb and 1,6 to 9,6% for coI. The hypothesis 2 is argued to provide a better picture for species delimitation in Cryptonanus, based on the congruence between geographic structure, intra and interspecific genetic variation ranges and the recovery of reciprocal monophyletic genetic lineages in every phylogenetic analyses.
Contribuições do projeto ProMEA na rede (São Carlos SP) à construção de identidade e à formação ambiental continuada de professoras do ensino básico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Tullio, Ariane Di; Oliveira, Haydée Torres de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9511903187279525
This research was linked to the ProMEA Network project: an alternative to overcome some difficulties of environmental education (EE) in primary education. One of its methodological strategies consisted in selecting teachers to articulate municipal schools and the community in EE actions. Thus, a working group was formed/created, consisting of basic education teachers, educational managers / supervisors and this work´s author in the development of her doctoral research. We understand that the way it was designed and developed, especially with regard to reflection and dialogue on the practices among all participants, ProMEA Network also meant a process of formation of environmental educators imbedded in the scope of their activity. The objective of this research was to understand the ways in which a process of EE in a public school can contribute to the formation and construction of the identities of teachers as environmental educators. We also sought to understand the contributions of some specific aspects of the project: the environmental mappings and diagnosis and the watershed approach. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of UFSCar (Decision 09/2012). The theoretical framework was the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the dialogic pedagogy of Paulo Freire, according to which, we assume an intersubjective epistemology, in which knowledge is constructed on dialogue between the subjects about their experiences. Methods and techniques that allow dialogue between the subject and the interpretation of their language were used. The main trajectories of approximation of basic school teachers to EE have been the specialization and / or extension courses and the introduction of EE in their teaching practices. It is also important to emphasize the role of personal experiences and interpersonal relations that acquire new meanings in this process. The acting of environmental educators in the formal education needs to have an institutionalization that values EE in school and facilitates their work within the current structure. The dialogical and critical perspective of EE was highly valued because cooperation, dialogue and reflection among teachers about their practices and their role in school and in society as a whole were mentioned as important aspects in a formative environmental process. This process also needs to produce joy and satisfaction in school life, which favors changes in the professional and personal educators practices. From their EE practice, teachers build an ecological identity, notwithstanding heterogeneous and provisional, depending on opportunities for action, leading them to identify with the environmental ideals not only in the professional context, but also taking these ideas and practices for their personal daily lives. Therefore, in the school context, EE becomes a pathway to the environmental field, and the institutionalization of EE in basic education is essential for the continuity of the construction of this identity by the teachers and consequently environmental educational activities.
Práticas e avaliação da sustentabilidade nos canteiros de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Zeule, Ludimilla de Oliveira; Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8161393701431874
This paper addresses the concept of sustainability and its application in construction sites. The construction sector seen as great usufruidor of natural resources and the waste generator to interfere in the natural characteristics of the environment. In order to change this paradigm is a set of necessary actions related to the integration of sustainable practices that seek to reduce waste indices, improve quality processes and qualify manpower. Seeking to identify how sustainable a construction site can be, this work proposes a methodology for evaluating the implementation of sustainability based on practices aimed at execution phase adopted by seals environmental certifications existing, through a checklist of six items: sustainable site, rational use of water, rational use of energy, materials and resources, environmental quality, and innovation processes. The main purpose of this tool is to identify good practices, scoring the situations observed and classify sites in sustainability levels. The checklist was applied in six construction systems sites and geographies distinct, aiming at studying the different occurrences. In a final step the results of the visits were compiled, and from exposure of the analyzed data it was found that the checklist should function as a guide of recommendations in the execution phase of construction. It was found a list of viability for different types of works, such as Housing Development Social Interest (EHIS), certified environmentally or not, located in different geographical regions. It was concluded that the companies visited are concerned with environmental issues in accordance with the business strategy adopted, and that sometimes occurs lack of planning, knowledge and support tools for adequate insertion of sustainable practices at construction sites.
Limnologia de lagos de várzea do rio Madeira com ênfase na diversidade e produção secundária da comunidade zooplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Negreiros, Natalia Felix; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3086420642087602
The study of diversity and productivity can contribute to understanding the functioning of Amazonian ecosystems as a whole and especially to the conservation of its aquatic biota, considered one of the richest in species on the planet. The present study aimed to analyze the course of three years the limnological characteristics of three floodplain lakes of the Madeira River in the area of influence of the Santo Antônio hydroelectric plant on the Madeira, in the region near to Porto Velho, Rondônia, with emphasis on the zooplankton community. Samples were quarterly covering the four major hydrological periods: low water, flood, high water and ebb over three years (2010-2013). Physical, chemical and biological variables of the lakes were collected and correlated with species composition, biomass and production of zooplankton. The zooplankton community was characterized by high species richness (195 taxa) and high degree of endemism for the group of Copepoda Calanoida. The results showed that the three lakes have eutrophic or mesotrophic characteristics. The highest values of density and biomass of zooplankton in the lake occurred Cujubim. The rotifers were numerically dominant, but the Copepoda dominated in biomass and secondary production in lakes Cuniã and San Miguel. There was little variability in secondary production of zooplankton, being slightly higher in the lake Cujubim with increased production of copepods and rotifers in this lake. The rainfall variation demarcated the occurrence of well-defined hydrological periods, directly affecting the hydrodynamics of this region, controlling population fluctuations of zooplankton, probably brought by the increased availability of resources on the Madeira River in the flood season, playing an important role in the organization of food webs, and how to link the transfer of matter and energy in food chains.
A bola da vez: gestão e resistência no cotidiano de uma favela carioca em contexto de pacificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-06) Postigo, Evelyn Louyse Godoy; Feltran, Gabriel de Santis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3474384732649488
Rio de Janeiro city has undergone significant changes over the past two decades, principally respect to devices that regulates the way of life from populations from favelas' neighborhood. They explain that the conflict in the relation favela and asphalt has been increasingly understood by the violence key. I noteworthy which these changes have been with marked with the preparation of the city for the mega events Soccer World Cup and Olympic Games. In view of this scenery, the aim of this work was to think, starting from a ethnographic research performed in Cidade de Deus Rio de Janeiro (one of the first slum to receive the project Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora UPP [Pacifying Police Unit]), how social and politic conflicts are daily experienced by favela dwellers under pacification context. I argued that, if in the ambit of production of discourses, the spheres of politics, religion, State and crime can be antagonistic and in conflict. At the level of social relations more capillaries, the borders between these spheres are blurred. It is intended to, but they are not exclusionary among them, coexisting within assessed sceneries.