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Estrutura das comunidades fito e zooplanctônicas do Reservatório Guarapiranga (São Paulo) e relações com a hidrodinâmica e a eutrofização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07) Santos, Renata Martins dos; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6065927314969856
Reservoirs are ecologically complex and heterogenous environments subject to impacts caused by increased human activities in its hydrographic basin, causing among other disorders, the eutrophication. The phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities can be used as bioindicators for responding quickly to changes that occur in water bodies. The aim this study was to analyze the phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities in Guarapiranga reservoir in relation to different ecological parameters searching to correlate them to hydrodynamic factors and eutrophication. Intensive studies were performed with sampling surveys in both horizontal and vertical axis. Physical and chemical characteristics and also the trophic status of the reservoir were evaluated, and the phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic communities were studied in relation to species richness, population densities, biomass, secondary production, diversity, uniformity and dominance. The Guarapiranga reservoir is a heterogeneous water body with a small oligotrophic portion, some mesotrophic portions and a larger part eutrophic with high richness of planktonic organisms. The results from two diel cycles characterized the system studied in this period as polymitic, with thermal stratifications interspersed by periods of partial circulation. The air temperature and wind speed were the most important meteorological factors that altered the thermal structure of the reservoir. The phytoplankton was dominated by the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West and the zooplankton by microzooplankton (rotifers and Cyclopoida nauplii). The most eutrophic reservoir compartments were Parelheiros, Embu-Mirim and Guavirutuba. The rotifer Conochlius unicornis Rousselet and the cladoceran Bosminopsis deitersi Richard were indicators of Embu-Guaçu oligo/mesotrophic compartment. The high biomass of Filinia longiseta Ehrenberg in Parelheiros indicated tolerance of this species to extremely eutrophic conditions. The Guarapiranga reservoir is a system with high secondary productivity when compared to other environments of different trophic degree, having as dominant groups the Cyclopoida and rotifers. It was found that Guarapiranga reservoir has high secondary production, but the great load of nutrients needs to be stopped in order to reverse the eutrophication process and to recover the water quality of this important water resource.
Extensões dos modelos de sobrevivência referente a distribuição Weibull
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07) Vigas, Valdemiro Piedade; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0661688648741476
In this dissertation, two models of probability distributions for the lifetimes until the occurrence of the event produced by a specific cause for elements in a population are reviewed. The first revised model is called the Weibull-Poisson (WP) which has been proposed by Louzada et al. (2011a). This model generalizes the exponential-Poisson distributions proposed by Kus (2007) and Weibull. The second, called long-term model, has been proposed by several authors and it considers that the population is not homogeneous in relation to the risk of event occurence by the cause studied. The population has a sub-population that consists of elements who are not liable do die by the specific cause in study. These elements are considered as immune or cured. In relation to the elements who are at risk the minimum value of time of the event accurance is observed. In the review of WP the expressions of the survival function, quantile function, probability density function, and of the hazard function, as well the expression of the non-central moments of order k and the distribution of order statistics are detailed. From this review we propose, in an original way, studies of the simulation to analyze the paramenters of frequentist properties of maximum likelihood estimators for this distribution. And also we also present results related to the inference about the parameters of this distribution, both in the case in which the data set consists of complete observations of lifetimes, and also in the case in which it may contain censored observations. Furthermore, we present in this paper, in an original way a regression model in a form of location and scale when T has WP distribution. Another original contribution of this dissertation is to propose the distribution of long-term Weibull-Poisson (LWP). Besides studying the LWP in the situation in which the covariates are included in the analysis. We also described the functions that characterize this distribution (distribution function, quantile function, probability density function and the hazard function). Moreover we describe the expression of the moment of order k, and the density function of a statistical order. A study by simulation viii of this distribution is made through maximum likelihood estimators. Applications to real data set illustrate the applicability of the two considered models.
Ensino de leitura com diferentes treinos discriminativos a aprendizes com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-07) Gomes, Máyra Laís de Carvalho; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0501936042511201
This study has its origins in the search for teaching reading procedures that meet the needs of all of the apprentices, based on different discriminative problems for the construction of the network of relationships between stimuli and between stimuli and responses that make up the repertoire of reading. Study 1 was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching procedures with different discrimination trainings based on specific teaching conditions simple discrimination, simple discrimination with differential and specific reinforcement, and conditional discrimination and untreated condition (control) eight isolated words. Each discriminative training applied differently for each individual, was scheduled involving a pair of three simple syllable words: girl (menina) and mustache (bigode), salad (salada) and drawer (gaveta), popcorn (pipoca) and horse (cavalo), window (janela) and tomato (tomate). This study was held in a special school with 12 learners with intellectual disabilities. We tested the formation of classes between the pictures and printed words and the reading of teaching and generalization words. We used a randomized alternated treatment between teaching conditions that alternated the different workouts in a quickly and balanced way. The participants were exposed to a specific sequence of teaching so as to minimize the effect of the sequence itself and only five learners achieved a significant learning on the proposed procedure. The same procedure was replicated for four more typically developing children with reading difficulties and were obtained similar learning outcomes. Then the Study 2 was held with the proposal to determine the influence of progressively teaching prior repertoires for the establishment of classes of stimuli and, consequently, for the skills of reading, from the range of learning criteria. We selected two of the students of the last study with the lowest input relational repertoires. The identity relations were taught between stimuli, matching to sample (conditional discrimination), identity constructed response, naming of pictures and echoic behavior to them. Both learners had learned relational relations between pictures to printed words, and printed words to pictures and its reading. It was argued, therefore, that the alternated sequence of instruction in Study 1 was not enough in isolation to control the effectiveness of each training condition, and that Study 2 verified the effectiveness of teaching basic skills for expanding the repertoire of reading.