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Estratégia competitiva e estratégia de produção: estudos de caso na produção de embalagens obtidas a partir de polietileno proveniente de fontes sucroalcooleiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Motta, Gabriela Azevedo; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7250712374641353
In the search for new positions in the market, many companies have sought to differentiate their products and services, possibly reformulating their strategies. One of the possible strategies for modification is related to sustainability of the materials used in products and processes, such as plastic from sugarcane sources. The objective of this work is tried to identify the competitive strategies and manufacturing strategies adopted by companies that use plastic from sugarcane in package. To achieve this objective was opted for conducting case studies of two companies leader in their segments: a producer for the staffing industry, perfumery and cosmetics and other packaging supplier to the food industry. The first company competes with a focus on differentiation in only one segment, and its manufacturing strategy of horizontal integration of its packaging. The second company adopts a competitive strategy of differentiation in the context of the industry, and a manufacturing strategy of vertical integration of its products.
Biotransformação de cicloadutos de Diels-Alder por células intactas de Penicillium brasilianum, endofítico de Melia azedarach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Santos, Ana Carolina Alves dos; Rodrigues Filho, Edson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6169045230374129
Endophytic microorganisms have a great enzymatic potential to biotransformate substances of natural and synthetic origin due to strategies developed during colonization to coexist with the plant in an initial hostile environment. Microbial transformation of Diels-Alder cycloadducts were trailed by the endophyte P. brasilianum using intact cells and resulted in the production of several products (17). These products were identified as products of chlorination (Q4_F2_15), epoxidation (Q1A_CR_16, Q2A_CR_6, Q3A_CR_5), epoxidation and reduction of conjugated double bond (Q2A_CR_5), reduction of conjugated double bond (Q2A_CR_9, Q3A_CR_7_pico2, Q3A_CR_8, Q4A_CR_23), reduction of isolated double bond (Q1A_CR_26), oxidation of allilic methyl group and reduction of conjugated double bond (Q4A_CR_10), reduction of carbonyl and conjugated double bond (Q4A_CR_20), reduction of carbonyl and ether formation (Q5A_CR_15) and finally, reduction of carbonyl group (Q4A_CR_15 e Q5A_CR_18). The reduction of conjugated double bond can be performed by enzymes called Old Yellow Enzymes (OYE), also known as enoate reductase enzymes. The products of carbonilic or double bond reduction were also synthesized chemically and the enantioselectivity of both in vitro and in vivo process were compared. In all cases, microbiological transformations were more enantioselectivity.
Efeitos do exercício intervalado na expressão de proteínas inflamatórias e catabólicas na musculatura esquelética de ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Martuscelli, Aline Mio; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3580215119041185
Dexamethasone is widely used in clinical use due to its potent anti-allergic and antiinflammatory effects, but it has been shown that its chronic use can induce several side effects such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy occurs by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic protein levels. Among catabolic proteins, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 are directly related to muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone. Furthermore, it is known that some inflammatory proteins (TNF-α and IL-6) also participate in reduction of muscle weight. We have shown that aerobic exercise attenuates some of the side effects of dexamethasone, but nothing is known about interval training (IT) performed before and concomitant dexamethasone treatment. This study investigated if interval training is effective in attenuating muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone and if the proteins FOXO3a, MuRF-1, Atrogina-1, TNF-αand IL-6 are involved in this response. Rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary + Dexa (SD), trained control (TC), and trained + Dexa (TD), and underwent an interval training period (50% and 80% of maximal capacity, 2 and 1 min, respectively, 1h/day, 5 days / week, 70 days) or remained sedentary. Dexamethasone was administered during the last 10 days (0.5mg/kg per day i.p.). The rats were weighed weekly during training and daily during the treatment. The tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) were collected, weighed and stored for analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1protein levels using electrophoresis method, Western Blotting. Administration of dexamethasone resulted in a significant decrease in body weight (-17%) followed by reduction in TA (-22%) and FHL (-19%) muscles weight. This reduction in muscle weight involved a significant increase in MuRF-1 protein levels in TA (+27%) and FHL (+18%) muscles, although TNF-α (-37%FHL and -15% SOL) and IL-6 (-26% TA, - 24% FHL and -18% SOL) protein levels were reduced. Interval training was effective in blocking the increase of MuRF-1protein level in TA and FHL muscles, moreover interval training significantly reduced FOXO3a production level in TA muscle, in both groups, TC (-27%) and TD (-32%).This response was followed by an attenuation of TA muscle mass after training. Chronic treatment with dexamethasone, as well as training, did not change Atrogin-1protein level. The results of the present study allow us to conclude that MuRF-1 seems to be involved in TA and FHL muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone treatment, independent of inflammatory proteins signaling. On the other side, interval training determined TA muscle atrophy attenuation by decreasing MuRF-1 and FOXO3a without changes in TNF-α e IL-6 protein levels.
Os ensinamentos de Confúcio e a formação contemporânea de professores de língua inglesa em Taiwan : relações entre variáveis socioculturais e competências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Tsai, Yun Hsien; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5857492244010306
This work aims to study the profile of English teacher education in Taiwan through a more specific discussion of language teacher’s competence. For this, we chose to analyze an English undergraduate teacher education program at a public university in this country, and, considering time constraints, we limit the study, focusing on the perspective of the teacher educators. Therefore, the program curriculum and the transcriptions of interview with the teachers educators will comprise the data set for analysis. Once teacher education process is based on the social system of the country, we also include the contextual factors or socio-historical elements in the study, by considering them as constituents of social constructions factors.
Identificação de regiões genômicas e genes candidatos associados com qualidade de carne e conteúdo de minerais no músculo em bovinos da raça Nelore
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Tizioto, Polyana Cristine; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754030540306395
This thesis is divided into three chapters in order to facilitate the understanding of the experiments that will be presented. The first chapter refers to a concise literature review, which covers the main theoretical themes and justifications regarding the developed experiments presented in the following chapters. The second chapter presents two genome-wide association studies in Nellore cattle, being the first for meat quality traits and the second for the mineral content of the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Considering the importance of beef tenderness for producer, the third chapter deals with the strategy used to identify candidate genes that explain the variation in this trait in Nellore breed. The experimental results suggested that meat quality traits and mineral content of skeletal muscle is at least partially genetically determined. Most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified is of small effects, revealing the polygenic background of those traits and the importance of applications that consider variation at the genomic level. However, some major effect QTLs were found for muscle pH , iron, selenium , zinc and calcium content in muscle, which accounted for 4.01 , 6.53 , 3.53 , 2.59 and 2.55% of the additive genetic variance , respectively. Through these studies, we produced an extensive list of candidates genes and metabolic pathways related to economic interest traits in beef cattle, which should contribute to the understanding of the their underlying genetic mechanisms. A genome-wide association approach still not economically feasible for beef producers, therefore candidate genes strategy is interesting because of its major accessibility. KCNJ11, MyoD1 and ASAP1 candidate genes were identified as explaining part of the variation in meat tenderness of Nellore breed. The validation of genomic regions and candidate genes identified in this study and future mapping of causal mutations should contribute to the implementation of marker-assisted selection and for the genomic selection of traits of economic interest in Nellore cattle.
Complexos de vanádio contendo bases de Schiff como catalisadores na oxidação do cicloexano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Cantanhede, Leonardo Baltazar; Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0740032606397506
The vanadium complexes of the type [VO(acac)2], [VO(acac)(apftsc)], [VO(acac)(apmtsc)], [VO(acac)(aptsc)], [VO(acac)(apf)], vanadium (IV) and [VO2(apftsc)], [VO2(apmtsc)], [VO2(aptsc)] e [VO2(apf)], vanadium (V), were used as catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidizing agent in acetonitrile at 40ºC. The cyclohexanol (OL) and cyclohexanone (ONA) were quantified by means of gas chromatography by the internal padronization method. Variation in the molar ratio of oxidizing, substrate and nitric acid with catalyst, as well as the effect of the addition of triphenylphosphine in catalytic properties were studied for all complexes. For the complex [VO(acac)(apftsc)], yielded the kinetic parameters with rate constant (k = 3,87 x 10-1 L.mol-1.min-1), reaction order relative to catalysts (nCat = 0,8) and to substrate (nS = 0,6); the thermodynamic parameters of activation Eap = 11 kcal.mol-1, ΔG# = + 0.6 kcal.mol-1, ΔH# = + 10.2 kcal.mol-1, ΔS# = + 30.8 cal.mol-1.K-1. The EPR spectrum data using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline Noxide (DMPO) as spin trap confirm that the mechanism the formation of radicals. The radicals ( acac) and hydroxyl ( OH) from the acetylacetonate e and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, was identified by forming the respective adduct, DMPO-Acac and DMPO-OH. From the mass spectrometry data it was possible to suggest a synthetic route for the formation of the oxo(peroxo)vanadate complex, an important intermediate in the catalytic cycle. It has been proposed also a mechanism for cyclohexane oxidation.
O uso de instrumentos de análise ergonômica no processo de trabalho agrícola: o caso da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Ferreira, Ana Lucy Rodrigues; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1604837309190395
The changing in the labor dynamics of the sugarcane harvesting, occasioned by integration of mechanical harvesters, has subjected workers to new working conditions, increasing the interactions with machines, and consequently causing new diseases and work accidents. For improving the performance of work so that this becomes less destructive of human capabilities, is important the use of instruments that allow the identification of risks from man-labor ratio, which are identified through the study of literature in Ergonomics. This study aimed to verify the applicability of the checkpoints of the instrument Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture to the work situation in the context of mechanized harvesting of cane sugar. A review of the relevant issues related to the study was accomplished, considering the themes: Ergonomics, ergonomic analysis tools and working conditions; process of mechanized production of cane sugar, with a focus on the process of harvesting and working conditions; and, finally, the study of the instrument Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture. Subsequently, the analysis of the instrument was accomplished, which was constituted of the following principal stages. Initially, the checkpoints of the instrument were classified considering the workloads, and the similarity of content. Posteriorly, the checkpoints were analysed with respect the applicability in the job functions found in mechanical harvesting of cane sugar process. As a result, 84 checkpoints were classified into 23 clusters and 16 checkpoints were not grouped, among which 11 clusters and 8 checkpoints, which represent 53% of the content of the instrument, were identified with potential of application in the sugarcane mechanical harvesting. The checkpoints identified may assist in the evaluation and implementation of better working conditions, considering the ergonomic point of view, in the mechanical harvesting of sugarcane.
Aprender a aprender: uma trajetória possível para os trabalhadores do SUS?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-27) Costa, Ana Clara Lopes; Lima, Valéria Vernaschi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945420582384290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2140918293527948
The main goal in this study is to analyze the learning process of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) staff when exposed to an interactionist educational initiative. Such initiative aims the transformation of health practices by focusing on clinical management and qualifying care for the users of SUS in 33 hospitals from the 5 Brazilian geographical regions. This study used a specialization course that was developed in 2009-10 that focused on the articulated development of management abilities, support and education in health. The study was based on the principles of qualitative research and the completion of course work drawn by the attendees of the specialization course on Clinical Management was also used as a source of data. The content was analyzed for data interpretation aiming to identify and explain the causes and interactions for the production of the phenomenon. The novelty of the proposal was not an obstacle for the learning process. Student focused learning and the appreciation of previous knowledge where related to the practical application of such content and the broaden of autonomy, especially on what concerns recently acquired information. It was also observed that the participants actions were related to the three areas: clinical management; health awareness and education. The interaction in small groups, communication, integration and open dialogue were valued as fundamental e facilitating elements of learning, group work development and qualification of care. Transformation on practices on health related to management, attention and education were observed and were part of the knowledge that define the profile of clinical management built and developed through the course.