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Catalisadores de Fe2O3, NiO e Fe2O3 - NiO Suportados in situ em Ce0,5Zr0,5O2 e Ce0,2Zr0,8O2 – Avaliação na Redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Souza, Bruna Gonçalves de; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3039069125760711
The increasing use of fossil fuels in combustion enginees and power generation plants has caused a large increase in the emission of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere which creates serious environmental problems. Catalytic processes are used in the abatement of NOx and a promising alternative is the reduction of NOx using CO as reducing agent on catalysts containing supported transition metal oxides. Taking this into account, the aim of this study was to prepare catalysts based on Fe2O3, NiO or Fe2O3-NiO supported on ceria-zirconia (molar ratios Ce:Zr equal to 1:1 and 1:4), incorporating the metal precursor salt in the sun of the support (in situ addition). The results of XRD data, Rietveld refinement and TEM indicated the formation of a solid solution CeO2-ZrO2 with cubic structure fluorite type; furthermore, it was not observed diffraction peaks of intense X-ray of Fe or Ni oxide as a consequence of a proper distribution of these oxides in the supports. The addition of Fe2O3 and/or NiO led to a decrease of the average crystallite size, causing an increase in SBET of the catalysts compared to the pure support. N2 physisorption measurements showed that the catalysts showed significant mesoporosity, which was attributed to the addition of Tween 80 during the sol-gel preparation, moreover, RTPH2 results confirm that the Fe2O3 reduction occurs at lower temperatures in the presence NiO. In addition, the catalysts showed satisfactory performance in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO, suggesting that the sol-gel method is adequate in their preparation. Furthermore, the catalyst 0,90Fe - 1Ce:1Zr reached the highest values of CO conversion to CO2 and NO to N2 at lower temperatures. The Fe2O3 catalysts were more selective to N2 formation compared to those containing NiO. In conclusion, the conversion NO to N2 was significantly affected when in contact with O2 and H2O interferences; however, this conversion did not change significantly in the presence of SO2. The catalysts showed a more significant reduction in conversion of NO to N2 when evaluated in the simultaneous presence of O2, SO2 and H2O.
Papel do exercício resistido na atrofia muscular induzida por dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Krug, André Luis de Oliveira; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7237435337765994
The use of glucocorticoids as treatment for allergic and inflammatory conditions has become commom nowadays, although, chronically it can causes many side effects such as peripheral insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body weight loss and muscle atrophy. On the other hand, resistance training (RT) has been recommended as non-pharmacological treatment for some pathological conditions, however little is known about its effects on muscle atrophy induced by chronic treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). The aim of this study was to verify the preventive effect of RT (80% of maximal carrying capacity) on DEX-induced muscle atrophy as well as the responsible mechanisms for this response. Forty-three wistar rats (200-250g) were allocated into four groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with DEX (SD), trained control (TC) and trained treated with DEX (TD). After a familiarization period on the ladder, a maximal voluntary carrying capacity test (MVCC) was performed to determinate the training intensity and the rats underwent or RT (80% MCCT, 4 days/week, 70 days) or remained sedentary. The MVCC was performed in the beginning, after 4 weeks, before and after the DEX treatment. Through the last ten days, the animals received DEX (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or saline solution. After 24 hours of the last training session, the animals were euthanized and the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were collected and weighted for further analysis of mTOR, p70S6K, FOXO3a, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 protein levels. The results were presented as mean ± SEM, α<0.05. DEX treatment evoked adrenal gland atrophy (-47%), body weight loss (-21%) and food intake reduction (-28%). The RT increased MVCC of trained animals (+215%). Also, DEX treatment reduced FHL and TA muscles mass (-19.6% e -17.7%, respectively), which was associated with the MuRF-1 protein level increase (+37% e +45,5%, respectively). We did not observe any alterations in mTOR, p70S6K, FOXO3a and Atrogin-1 protein levels after DEX treatment. RT was be able to attenuate FHL muscle atrophy due to blockade of MuRF-1 increase (-3.5%). In addition, it did increase mTOR (+63% for TC e TD) e p70S6K (+46% and +49% for TC e TD, respectively) protein levels in FHL muscle. FOXO3a and Atrogin-1 protein levels were not altered by RT. SOL muscle was not affected by neither treatment nor training. Therefore, these results allow us to suggest that DEX-induced muscle atrophy observed in the FHL and TA muscles can be associated with increases in MuRF-1 protein level. RT-induced attenuation of FHL muscle atrophy involved increases in mTOR and p70S6K protein levels associated with maintenance of MuRF-1 protein levels.
A relação da competência comunicativa com o planejamento temático baseado em tarefas em um curso de português língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Franceschini, Aline Raquel; Barbirato, Rita de Cassia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3146858425693541
This study aims at investigating the relations between a Thematic Task-Based Syllabus and the Communicative Competence (CC) of students of Portuguese as a second language. This qualitative, ethnographic - interpretative research is grounded in studies on CC (CANALE; SWAIN, 1980; CANALE, 1983; CELCE-MURCIA, 2007; HYMES, 1972) of foreign language learners in immersion context. The framework for the Thematic Task-Based Syllabus is founded on theoretical studies of Barbirato (2005), Ellis (2003), Nunan (1989). The thematic material used in this work is called Brasilidades and the theme is based on cultural perspectives of the Northeast and South parts of Brazil. The material was implemented in two courses of Portuguese as a second language in a university in the Southeastern part of Brazil. Each course lasted 30 hours, and the data was collected in the second semester of 2012 and the first semester of 2013. Some of the instruments used for data collection were: research diary, audio and video recording of the classes and questionnaires. The results suggest that the Thematic Task-Based Syllabus allow students a profound mobilization of their CC in communicative scenarios. This kind of syllabus has also shown to be consonant to the model of CC proposed by Celce-Murcia (2007) which places the discursive competence as the center of the CC model since this type of planning recovers primary functions of language such as communication and production of meaning through meaningful contexts. During the task phase, it also offers moments of interaction between students based on the discursive construction of language.
Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de plantas do cerrado no controle de micro-organismos simbiótico da Diabrotica speciosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Luiz, Anderson Luigi; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2256077305579631
In the cerrado biome it is estimated approximately 160.000 species of plants, animals and fungi that, through their history have been exposed to complex interactions. Those interactions have created a complex system of intra and inter-species chemical communication, constituting a fascinating and fertile area of scientific investigation. Thus, this project aimed to develop a multidisciplinary initiative. Forging chemical ecology, natural products chemistry and microbiology to a joint action for the understanding of plague insects microorganisms interactions. It also aims to investigate how the chemistry of natural products can interfere with this cycle proposing a new mechanism of action for controlling pest insects. Microbial diversity of Diabrotica speciosa was evaluated and as results it was obtained 56 microorganisms. Isolates were assembled into 12 different groups through statistical analysis of the respective MALDI TOF MS mass spectra. The microorganisms were identified to genus level, using the same technique, such as Serratia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Streptomyces. The joint analysis of entomo-microbiological studies and the technique of MALDI TOF MS allowed to identify bacterial strains from vertical and horizontal transmissions. Extracts of 24 plant species collected in the cerrado were prepared and submitted to antimicrobial assays for verification of growth inhibition of isolated strains. The plant species that have shown best results were Anadenanthera falcata, Campomanesia pubescens and Psidium laruotteanum. In the phytochemistry study of P. laruotteanum extracts it was possible to isolate xvii two flavonoids and a chalcone, the latter was used as a reference marker for testing the quality control of the plant extract and fractions. The biological tests in D. speciosa showed that extract of P. laruotteanum altered insect s development. Thus the purpose of the study was achieved, since it can be concluded that the control of symbiotic microorganisms can interfere with the insect survival, and thus propose a new form of biorational pest control insects.
Síntese e estudo das propriedades físicas de grafite ferromagnético fluido nanoestruturado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Souza, Nicolau Silva de; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6301084663879270
Complexos de rutênio bioativos: síntese, caracterização e ensaios biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Cardoso, Carolina Riverin; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4278751614890163
Ru(II) polypyridyl anticancer compounds is drawing increasing attention to drug development. The luminescence of this type of complex open wide possibilities of using molecular systems in biological applications. Herein we investigated, the synthesis, characterization and biologic studies of the complex cis-[Ru(LL) 2L2]2+ where, L-L = 2,2-bipyridine (bpy) and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and L = imidazole (ImH) and 1-methyl-imidazole (1MeIm). The complexes which can be easily prepared are stable in solid state and in water solution (without light) and resistant to hydrolysis at pH range from 2 to 10. The complexes display strong absorption in the visible region (490 nm, ε = 15000 mol-1Lcm-1) and an intense and long lived emission at 660 nm with a large Stokes shift (5500 cm-1). Spectroscopic (CD, STD-NMR and DOSY-NMR) and ITC studies indicate binding of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2]2+ and HSA occurs via non-covalent interactions. Accordingly, the complexes showed marked cell proliferation inhibition against the cancer cells HCT116p53+/+, HCT116p53-/- and A2780 with IC50 values below 10 μmol L-1. The Complex induces G1 cell arrest in both cells although it is more expressive in P53+/+ and activates the proapoptotic protein PARP in only p53-/- suggesting diferent pathway with p53- dependent and p53-independent modes of action. The complexes presents unique features for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of cancer.
Dinâmica temporal de beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) em uma área de Caatinga no semiárido de Pernambuco, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Las-Casas, Flor Maria Guedes; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1452162168205713
Flowering phenology of plants are the main factor controlling hummingbird community organization, and it evolves in a given area as a unit in such a manner that the presence of a plant species can affect the phenology of other plant species. Nowadays there is little information available on the dynamics of biological communities in the Caatinga. The objective of the present study was to describe the temporal distribution in species richness and abundance of hummingbirds, and also in their reproductive activities, molt cycle, richness of flowering ornithophilous and non ornithophilous plant species, verifying the influence of the availability of flowering resources and of climatic factors in the dynamics and in the annual cycle of the hummingbird assemblage during a two year period study in an area of Caatinga. We also present morphometric data. The study was conducted in an area of shrubarboreal caatinga vegetation, located at Serra do Pará, municipality of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Pernambuco, Brazil. Hummingbird abundance varied seasonally, with peaks being observed during the rainy season. Temperature had a negative effect on both the species richness and abundance of hummingbirds. The dynamics of the hummingbird assemblage at Serra do Pará was influenced by resource availability, with abundance being higher during periods of lower temperatures and when higher numbers of non ornithophilous plants were flowering. Reproductive activity was evident during the rainy season. Molt, especially contour feathers and flight feathers occurring simultaneously was concentrated after the rainy season in the studied area. The assembly studied presented a bimodal cycle in reproductive activity and molt, which in turn were associated with flower availability. These two events were in asynchrony, with molt cycles beginning after the reproductive period. The hummingbird assembly was morphologically characterized by the three sub-groups known for the Trochilinae, presenting small short-billed species, medium-sized with straight bills species, and the medium to large with long bills species. The information presented in this study contribute with ecological and morphological characteristics of some hummingbird species distributed within the Caatinga, and also new information on hummingbird dynamics and their annual cycles in an area of Caatinga.
Construção, aplicação e avaliação de um kit de experimentos para o ensino de eletrólitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Rocha, Wilson Sergio de Araújo; Rocha Filho, Romeu Cardozo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5200717413563550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0453018099578209
The limited information on electrolytes in high-school textbooks, the reduced time of weekly chemistry classes, and the lack of a laboratory in some schools suggest the need for an adaptation, for the teaching of this topic, with an experimental approach and using easily found materials. Thus, this work is focused on the development and application of a kit of experiments for use in the teaching of electrolytes, providing information on the construction (design and assembly) of an indicator of electrical conductivity and suggestions on how to apply the kit and evaluate the experimentally obtained results. This was done having Ausubel s meaningful learning theory as frame of reference. The developed kit comprises possible experiments for use of the indicator of conductivity as a tool for understanding the concept of electrolytes and questionnaires to collect the results obtained by the students. The kit was elaborated so as to make available simple classroom experiments, using easily found and daily used substances, and also seeking the scientific curiosity and motivation of the students, with safe handling and respect for the environment. The experimental activity, which may be addressed with an investigative approach, complements the theoretical exposition and should provide the students with a better understanding about electrolytes, thus contributing to the incorporation of knowledge and its relevant relationships. The kit was applied with four classes of students from a professionalizing public high school, encompassing: a diagnostic evaluation; a research-questionnaire (to be answered at home), followed by an evaluation; exercises in a worksheet (nº 1), carried out without and with the use of the kit of experiments; finally, exercises in another worksheet (nº 2). From the analysis of the results obtained throughout the application process, it was possible to conclude that there were evidences of student learning about electrolytes, rendered by the use of the kit of experiments. Hence, high-school teachers might use this kit as an auxiliary tool in the teaching of electrolytes and related topics and, in an interdisciplinary way, in the teaching of science, through experimentation.
Qualidade de vida, desempenho de papéis ocupacionais e uso do tempo na percepção de indivíduos obesos pré e pós-cirurgia bariátrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Zaiden, Marina Pereira; Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7936828140125415
Introduction: Obesity is a matter of universal concern and its prevalence is increasing at epidemic levels worldwide. It is considered a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. In the present study, the individuals surveyed were obese grade III, due to excess weight, have a negative impact on the quality and life expectancy, for failing to lose weight through less invasive treatments. Through this context, it can be observed that increasing indications of bariatric surgery because of the need for more effective intervention in the clinical management of grade III obese patients, aiming these way positive predictions regarding the condition of life of the individual occurs. In this study, it is also observed, the performance of occupational roles and the degree of importance given to each of them and the use of time devoted to activities that constitute the routine of individuals. Objective: The study had as main objective, to evaluate and compare the quality of life, the performance of occupational roles and the time spent performing routine activities of individuals with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Methodology: This was a crosssectional study with a cross -section type quantitative approach, performed at the Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, with the participation of 80 subjects divided into 4 groups of 20 patients each: pre-surgical group after group surgical 3 months, 6 months post -surgical and post surgical group 12 months. The following instruments were used: Role Checklist, Clock Activities and WHOQOL BREF quality of life questionnaire. Results: In relation to quality of life, it was found that the postoperative group showed higher than preoperatively in all these domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, Environmental), it was found that all differences were significant and that areas correlated with each other. The results of the Role Checklist, pointed out that in the past the role more marked by pre student, worker and hobby group were, at present, the role of domestic service, family and religious excelled, and in the future, the most important up the roles of hobby, student and volunteer. The post operative group in the past the roles of student, volunteer, work and domestic service were the most evident , at present, more marked papers by this group were domestic service, family and friends , and in the future, it was observed that roles were more prominent, volunteer, student and worker. Regarding the degree of importance it was found that individuals in the postoperative group tended to give much importance to all papers studied, while those of the pre group tended to give any importance to the role organizations. The results regarding the time spent on work, activities with family and personal activities during the week and weekend, pointed out that, although similar, the means of the postoperative group were higher than the preoperative in all variables. Conclusion: The study provided a glimpse of the context of everyday life for individuals in a state of morbid obesity and postoperative, observing all the similarities and differences involved in these periods. Denotes the complexity of the issues involved and the relevance of knowledge about occupational career, the impact of quality of life and natural or simultaneous division of time in relation to different moments in the lives of individuals. Further studies are suggested to the theoretical and empirical depth, aiming at monitoring trends and trajectories of morbid obesity.
A resolução de problemas, a modelagem matemática e desenvolvimento de habilidades matemáticas em alunos do 7º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Zequim, Katia Cristina; Pompeu Junior, Geraldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7146270419829114; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6046049476038142
In recent years, much has been said of the need to improve the quality of education. Specifically in mathematics, the quest for change has been to approximate contents of schooling of everyday problems of students. Nowadays, teaching mathematics is restricted basically in memorizing formulas and resolution of repetitive exercises. The central question to be answered in this research, level Professional Master, is "learning activities, based on Problem Solving and Mathematical Modelling, contribute to the development of mathematical skills in students of 7th year of elementary school?". To help find the answer to this question, two specific questions were proposed: (1st) "What difficulties encountered during the planning, development and implementation of educational activities of research?", and, (2nd) "What is the contribution that research brought to my teacher training in mathematics, didactic and methodological prospects?". The survey results showed that of the 16 math skills selected for investigation, 6 of them worked and were evaluated at 3 or 4 of the planned and implemented educational activities. These six, five of them are associated with "power to carry out" this basic competence and processes necessary for the development of problem-solving and mathematical modelling. Therefore, the conclusion of research on the key issue is that "yes, problem solving and mathematical modelling contributed much to the development of mathematical skills in students from the 7th year of elementary school, involved in research." About the difficulties faced during the course of the research, the main one was to put on paper, in writing, what was being planned in the teaching activities, the observations made during the applications of these activities on students and everything needed report coherently in this dissertation. Finally, the main contribution that research has brought into my teacher training refers to the teaching perspective. Through research, she realized that the act of teaching mathematics can from practice and contextualized problem situations and, consequently, more meaningful and attractive to students. Came to believe that, at least in formal education, mathematics should be taught as a "tool" that, when used well, helps us to better understand the society in which we live.
Produção de hidrogênio e metabólitos em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado e em reator de leito granular expandido a partir de glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Bosio, Morgana; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6639956330896050
This work aimed to evaluated the biological hydrogen production using crude glycerol as feedstock in two anaerobic reactors: (1) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), that allows high mass transfer, and (2) an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor, that can used with high efficiency even at high organic loading. In the AFBR, it was evaluated the influence of HRT (14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 and 1 hour) in the hydrogen production using crude glycerol as feedstock at 5 g.L-1 and expanded clay as support material. In the EGSB, the HRT varied from 24 to 1 hour, it was used the same feedstock as that used in the AFBR. The reactors were maintained at controlled temperature at 30°C. The noculum for AFBR and EGSB was granular sludge taken from UASB reactor treating poultry slaughterhouse that was previously submitted to heat treatment. In the AFBR, the hydrogen production rate (HPR) increased from 0.08 to 0.73L.h-1.L -1 with the decrease at HRT from 14 to 1 hour, respectively. The hydrogen yield (HY) did not presented the same trend and remained almost unchanged (0.62, 0.76, 0.73, 0.75, 0.60, 0.58, 0.69, 0.85 molH2.mol-1glycerol). For this reactor, the main byproducts were 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), ethanol, acetic, butyric and propionic acid. The highest 1,3-PD (1,230 mg.L-1), ethanol (723 mg.L-1), acetic acid (204 mg.L-1), propionic acid (759 mg.L-1) and butyric acid (324 mg.L-1) concentration occurred at HRT of 6, 14, 8, 2, 6 hours, respectively. In the EGSB, the HPR and the HY presented the same trend: HPR increased from 0.018 to 1.708 L.h-1.L-1 and HY increased from 0.19 to 2.87 molH2.mol-1glycerol with the decrease in the HRT from 14 to 1 hour. For both reactors, the AFBR and the EGSB,the highest HPR and HY occurred at HRT of 1 hour. As well as for the AFBR, the main byproducts quantified in the EGSB were 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), ethanol, acetic, butyric and propionic acid. The highest 1,3-PD (1,606 mg.L -1), ethanol (400 mg.L-1), acetic acid (219 mg.L-1), propionic acid (1,075 mg.L-1) and butyric acid (248 mg.L-1) concentration occurred at HRT of 16, 12, 16, 8, 20 hours, respectively.
Nesse solo que vós estais, lembrai-vos que é de morrer: uma etnografia das práticas de caminhar, conhecer e mapear entre os habitantes de Pedro Cubas, um Remanescente de Quilombo do Vale do Ribeira-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Santos, Alessandra Regina; Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8480799884111503
In view of the conflicts deriving from land titling policies in Remaining Quilombola Communities in the Ribeira Valley, this work sought to understand how the use of cartography as the management technology by the State enables the meeting of two perspectives: one that walks with souls, shapes and reshapes the territory throughout the seasons, rituals and processions; and another that prepares genograms and guarantees land rights. The political and analytical centrality assumed by cartography in the field of public policies intended for quilombola communities (as evidenced by the multiplication and dissemination of geolocation devices) has offered a powerful field of research. Based on technical tools concerning these processes (planimetric survey maps, sketches of land use and occupation, descriptive specifications and anthropological reports), the ethnographic description sought to outline how this meeting of spatial perception technologies and techniques takes place and is stabilized in documents. However, with ethno mapping becoming more and more common, it seems appropriate to ask the following: can these two distinct ways of getting to know and weaving the world, from the more complex ethnomapping experience and the set of assumptions involved in this practice, create a dialogue and work together in a way that does not result in a relationship of subordination, forms of domination or power asymmetries?
Avaliação do desempenho de um ciclone stairmand adaptado com bicos injetores de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Chiabai Junior, João; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2155899343395439
The collection efficiency and costs of implementation and operation are the main factors considered in the use of equipment for the separation of particulate matter in the gas. The cyclone is commonly employed industrially by low costs, however its use is limited due to the low efficiency in collecting particles smaller than 5 μm. The increase of conventional cyclone with nozzles water led to an improvement in its collection efficiency. This work experimentally investigated the performance of a wet cyclone in the removal of phosphate rock with median diameter of 4.66 μm. The cyclone was adapted with 8 water injectors nozzles of range type. The concentrations of particles in the entrance and exit of equipment were obtained by isokinetic sampling. The ratio of the flow of liquid / gas (L/G) was varied from 0.65 to 2.20 L/m3 to 3 different nozzle configurations. The outlet temperature decreased compared to entry with increase of the ratio L/G. Have the relative humidity of the gas increased with increasing L/G. The cyclone dry operating had an average efficiency of 76.7% and the best average efficiency the wet was 85.3%. The fractional collection efficiency was determined only for the operating condition that resulted in the best overall efficiency. The adaptation of the cyclone Stairmand with water injectors nozzles resulted in an improvement of 8.6% in the overall collection efficiency.
Produção de hidrogênio e etanol através da fermentação acidogênica de águas residuárias agroindustriais em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT), the origin of different inoculum (sludge from a UASB reactor for swine wastewater treatment and poultry slaughterhouse), and different carbon source (glucose, cassava processing wastewater and cheese whey) on the stability and efficiency of the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) for producing hydrogen. Twelve identical reactors were used, and in two reactors the mixture of glucose with cheese whey (R1S, R2S) was used as a substrate, six reactors were used with mix cassava processing wastewater and glucose (R1M, R2M, R3M and R4M). It was evaluated use of cheese whey (R3S, R4S, R5s and R6S) and cassava processing wastewater (R5M and R6M). The AFBRs were inoculated with sludge from a UASB reactor used in the treatment of swine wastewater (R1S, R3S, R1M, R3M, R5S, R6S, R5M and R6M) and sludge from a UASB reactor that treated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (R2S, R4S, R2M, R4M), both heat treated. Variations of HRT (12-1 h) and substrate concentrations were performed (2-15 g .L -1), with temperature control at 30 ° C. The reactors that used cheese whey as substrate showed a greatest potential for hydrogen production, with yields (HY) of 3.2 mmolH2.g-1COD (R6S) and 2.6 mmolH2.g-1COD (R5S) were obtained by applying a HRT of 6 and 14 hours, with a concentration of 3 and 5 g.L-1, respectively. Both substrates showed potential for the production of ethanol with yields (EtOHY) of 4.2 mmolEtOH.g-1COD (R6M) and 3.5 mmolEtOH.g-1COD (R2S). In the comparison between the two inocula used, both showed a balance in terms of hydrogen production, but in terms of ethanol production, the sludge from poultry slaughterhouse showed highest potential. By cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria domain reactor R4S (whey), there was a predominance of the genus Selenomonas (69 % of the sequences) and Clostridium (8 % of the sequences). For the reactor R3M (glucose and cassava) analyzes cloning and sequencing of bacterial consortium revealed similarities with Lactobaccilus. As for the archaeal domain, the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene had highly similar to the genus Methanobacterium (98.5 % and 95 % of the sequences), for R4S and R3M, respectively reactors.
Capacidade preditiva de Modelos Credit Scoring em inferência dos rejeitados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Prazeres Filho, Jurandir; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6279986381240405
Granting credit to an applicant is a decision made in a context of uncertainty. At the moment the lender decides to grant a loan or credit sale there is always the possibility of loss, and, if it is associated with a probability, the decision to grant or not credit will be more reliable. In order to aid the decision to accept or not the request for applicants are used the credit scoring models, which estimate the probability of loss associated with granting credit. But one of the problems involving these models is that only information about the applicants accepted are used, which causes a sampling bias, because the rejected applicants are discarded. With the aim to solve this problem it can use rejected inference, which are considered individuals who have had credit application rejected. However, only considering rejected inference and one method of modeling data, usually, is not sufficient to get satisfactory predictive measures, and thus, were used combined results of three methods, logistic regression, analysis probit and decision tree. The purpose of this combination were to increase the predictive perfomance and the metrics used were sensitivity, specificity , positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. Through the application in data sets we concluded that the use of the combined results increased the predictive performance, specially regarding to sensitivity.
Classes de Reidemeister para coincidências entre secções de um fibrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Paiva, Thales Fernando Vilamaior; Penteado, Dirceu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2407287645408153; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3657790999194912
In this work we study the theory of Reidemeister coincidence classes for coincidences between two sections s; f : B → E de um fibrado q : E → B, both the algebraic treatment by the Reidemeister action and the geometric treatment given by the theory of covering spaces and conjugacy classes of liftings. The existence of a section of a fibration implies the existence of a short exact sequence on the fundamental groups of the spaces... (continue)
Determinação da força de adesão entre partícula e superfícies rugosas através da técnica centrífuga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Petean, Paula Garcia da Costa; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6642626992981985
Adhesion between powders and surfaces plays an important role in various technological areas and processes, such as paste drying operations, fluidization of fine particles, microencapsulation, xerography and in food and pharmaceutical processes. Adhesion of small particles to solid surfaces is a phenomenon closely associated with industrial hygiene and air pollution studies. The centrifuge technique to determine adhesion force is based on the detachment of particles from a substrate surface due to centrifugal force. In this technique, a substrate with particles deposited on its surface is rotated at successively increasing speeds, and after each rotation at a given speed, the number of particles remaining on the surface is determined. This technique uses imaging analysis to determine the number of adhered particles on the proof disk surface before and after each centrifugation. After applying a specific press-on, images of the substrates containing particles from the pulverized materials were taken by optical microscope Olympus BX60 (Olympus Co. Tokyo Japan and processed by an image analyzer (Image-Pro Plus 7.0).The results were treated statistically to obtain the mean particle adhesive force. The powder used was a polydisperse sample of microcrystalline cellulose (ρ=1.62 kg m−3). The materials used as substrates were a membrane of cellulose ester 0.2 μm of porosity, brand Shleicher & Shuell - Filtration Life Science, and a compressed particulate (tablets) made of microcrystalline cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich). A microcentrifuge that reached a maximum rotation speed of 14000 rpm which contained specially designed centrifuge tubes was used in the adhesion force measurements. Compression speeds (presson) were applied to each of the experimental runs at 1000, 2000 and 5000 rpm. To detach the particles from the substrate surface, eight cleaning speeds (spin-off) were used. Detachment was done at the centrifugal speeds of: 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000, 11000, 13000, and 14000 rpm for 1 min. Five particle diameter sizes were studied: 9 15, 15.1 22, 22.1 30, 30.1 42, and 42.1 60 μm. It was observed that the adhesion force increases linearly with the particle diameter, within the range studied and that increased compression speed has an influence on the process of particles detaching. It was possible to obtain a relationship between the adhesion force and diameter of the particles adhered to substrates analyzed The adhesion force experimental results and the adhesion force theoretical values using the models proposed by Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov (DMT) and Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) were compared. Although the JKR Model was the closest one to the experimental results, the adhesion force theoretical values were far higher than the experimental values. Finally a correction constant (kc) was proposed in order to correlate the theoretical values of adhesion force to the experimental values.
Purificação de penicilina G acilase produzida por Escherichia coli e Bacillus megaterium recombinantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Altarugio, Lucas Miguel; Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507277024178601
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is the key enzyme for the industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics. Major current PGA demand is attended for producer organisms as Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium genetically modified. The enzyme produced by Escherichia coli accumulates in the periplasmic space of the bacteria and it requires cell disruption for recovery, whereas the enzyme from Bacillus megaterium is secreted into the production medium. This study aimed to evaluate the adsorption of PGA expressed by these two recombinant microorganisms in cationic and anionic resins for recovery and purification of the enzyme. For E. coli PGA was evaluated ionic adsorption of the enzyme in Streamline SP XL® cation exchanger resin after cell disruption by sonication. In this step, we assessed the influence of pH and buffer, to reduce the loss of enzyme inactivation and adjust the pH to a value suitable for a subsequent selective adsorption of the enzyme. The buffers evaluated were acetate, citrate, phosphate and carbonate, and the values of pH were adjusted between 4,5 and 11,0. No denaturation of the enzyme was observed in buffers and pHs evaluated. However, it was observed enzyme adsorption in cellular debris at pH values equal or smaller than 5,4, this debris adsorption was more apparent in the presence of acetate buffer. Thus, cell disruption was defined at pH 6.0 to prevent loss PGA in the adsorption of debris and adjustment of pH and salt molarity by dilution in the appropriate buffer to prevent denaturation of the enzyme by local reduction of the pH when uses concentrated acid. The STREAMLINE SP XL® resin showed higher adsorption capacity of PGA at pH 5,0 and the temperature range (4 and 25°C) did not influence it. The Langmuir isotherm represented adequately the experimental data of the enzyme adsorption resin at 4 and 25°C (pH 5,0) with similar values of qm and KL 25,4 U/g 185,2 U/g, respectively. Purification of PGA in a fixed-bed column showed overall recovery of activity around 50% and purification factor of about 9 times. The adsorption capacity of cationic resin in this mode of operation was 10,9 UNIPAB/mlresin. The PGA purification secreted by Bacillus megaterium recombinant, produced in a synthetic medium, was studied by ion adsorption resins and the following pH values: Streamline SP XL ® and IMMOBEAD IB-C435 (cation-exchanger resins, pH 5,0, 5,5 and 6,0); manae-agarose activated with 40 and 80mmoles/g amino groups (cation exchanger resin, pH 6,0, 7,0 and 7,5); STREAMLINE DEAE XL® and STREAMLINE Q XL® (anionic exchange resins, pH 7,5 and 8,5). Equilibrium experiments in cationic resins Streamline SP XL ® (4°C, pH 5,0) and IB-C435 IMMOBEAD (4°C, pH 5,5) allowed estimation of the parameters of the Langmuir model qm = 76,6 and 91,5 U/g KL = 294,7 and 412,3 U/g, respectively. Despite the high adsorptive capacity of these resins, they were not suited to purification of PGA, because their adsorbes PGA and the contaminants. Manae-agarose resins (40 and 80 μmoles/g) were not effective in PGA adsorption. The STREAMLINE anionic exchangers resins not adsorbed significant amount of PGA in pH evaluated, however, this resin performed a adsorption of almost of 50% proteins present in the medium, demonstrating selective for removal contaminating proteins. Adsorption assays in fixed-bed column Streamline Q XL ® (22°C, pH 8,0) showed that the resin is effective in adsorption of contaminating proteins, it is possible to recover approximately 70 % PGA with a purification factor of 4 times and high specific activity of about 25 U/mg. Already on STREAMLINE SP XL® (22ºC, pH 5,0) resin, the total enzyme recovery was 70 %, but with a purification factor of only 1,61 times and specific activity of around 11 U/mg. It was concluded that adsorption in anionic mode is more advantageous, because presents a better performance and avoid the enzyme dilution. The cultivation of recombinant B. megaterium in a high cell density bioreactor using complex medium, allowed to reach PGA volumetric activity of 50 U/mL. After concentration of the enzyme extract by ultrafiltration to 100 U/mL, was evaluated purification of the enzyme on gel filtration resin column using Superdex 200 Prep Grad (22 °C, pH 7,5). This technique allowed high enzyme recovery (>93%), however with a purification factor of 3 times and specific activity of 13 U/mg.
Efeito do pré-condicionamento físico na hipertensão induzida pela dexametasona: papel do sistema renina angiotensina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Prazeres, Paula Bessi Constantino; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8788172494704331
Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used to treat inflammation and allergies, but its chronic use determines several side effects such as hyperglycemia, muscle atrophy and hypertension (H). The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator of blood pressure (BP) and its increased activity may be one possible mechanism responsible to increase BP induced by DEX. On the other hand, low to moderate aerobic exercise has been recommended for treatment of hypertension and its effects on RAS have been demonstrated. We recently demonstrated that physical preconditioning attenuates H induced by DEX, however little is known about the mechanisms responsible for this response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether RAS participated in the BP increase induced by DEX and BP reduction induced by aerobic preconditioning was associated with an alteration of RAS components. Rats were subjected to an aerobic exercise protocol on the treadmill or kept sedentary for 8 weeks. Additionally, animals were treated with DEX (1.0mg/kg of body weight per day i.p. for 10 days) and treated or not with losartan. Groups were: sedentary control (SC), DEX sedentary (SD), trained control (TC) and trained DEX (TD), sedentary losartan (SCL), sedentary DEX and losartan (SDL), trained losartan (TCL) and trained DEX and losartan (TDL). Body weight (BW), fasting glucose and resting blood pressure were analyzed. After euthanasia, the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and left ventricle (LV) were collected for evaluation of gene expression and protein levels of RAS components. Treatment with DEX caused decrease of BW and TA and FHL muscle weight (MW), and determined an increase in fasting glucose (+132%) and BP (16%). Losartan treated animals did not present BP attenuation after DEX treatment. Physical training did not prevent BW or MW loss, however it attenuated the increase in fasting glucose (60%) and BP (7%). Training increased ACE and AT1 mRNA which were further reduced in the LV muscle of TD group. Also, training increased 31% (TC) and 47% (TD) the protein levels of AGT. In the TA muscle, DEX increased by 270% the AT1 mRNA and by 175 % the MAS mRNA. TD group showed increases on AT2 mRNA (+142%) and MAS (+78%). DEX also reduced AT2 (-5%) protein levels and training did not prevent this reduction (- 13%, TD). In the SOL muscle DEX increased 87% AGT gene expression and trained rats presented an increase of AT1 (+32%) and ACE (+50%) mRNA. TD group presented increases of ACE (+53%), AT1 (+51%) and AGT (+155%) gene expression and no changes on protein levels were observed. In FHL muscle DEX determined protein level reduction of vasodilators RAS components (-20 % AT2; -33% ACE2 and - 36% MAS), although the TC group also presented a reduction on ACE2 (-16%) and MAS (-27%). TD group presented an increase of 47% on ACE2 protein level. Taken together these and the no effect of losartan on BP, we can suggest that RAS is not the main mechanism involved in this model of Hypertension induced by DEX.
Influência da área de reserva legal sobre a biologia da polinização de Solanum lycopersicum L. híbrido Pizzadoro (Solanaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-28) Trevizor, Ana Mayumi Hayashi; Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6642277989056393
It is estimated that approximately 73 % of the world crops are pollinated by a bees. The constant alteration of habitats has led to the decline of pollinators, which may reflect limitations in the quantity and quality of the fruits and seeds grown, becoming one of the biggest problems when it comes to agricultural production. Studies with agricultural crops and their pollinators may contribute in seeking proposals that combine agriculture and conservation of forest fragments. The general objective of this work was to study aspects of Solanum lycopersicum L. hybrid Pizzadoro pollination. The specific objectives were: 1) verify if the floral morphology influences the behavior of the pollinator visits, 2) evaluate the richness of pollinating bees and pollinators at different distances from the Legal Reserve area, 3) compare the efficiency of three species of bees pollination in two treatments: spontaneous self-pollination, and pollination under natural conditions. The study was conducted on a conventional tomato cultivation in the municipality of Estiva Gerbi, Sao Paulo. Flowers were collected and observed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Efficiency was compared between Apis mellifera, Augochloropsis sp. and Exomalopsis sp. by Spears index. Observations and sampling were made in situ at 50, 100 and 150 meters from the Legal Reserve. It was found that the anther dehiscence is longitudinal and that the efficiency of pollination by A. mellifera (0.72) was similar to Exomalopsis sp. (0.85) and greater than Augochloropsis sp. (0.22). It is considered that the success of A. mellifera is associated with the floral morphology. Eleven species of insects, of which 7 were considered pollinators were found. Fifty eight floral visits were recorded, out of which 24 in quadrant A (50 m), 13 in B (100 m) and 21 in C (150 m), with A. mellifera dominant with 62.1% of visits, followed by Augochloropsis sp. and Oxaea flavescens both with 10.3%, Exomalopsis sp. with 6.9 %, Allograpta sp. with 5.2 % ,Bombus sp. with 3.4 % and Xylocopa sp. 1.7 %. The data indicates that the Legal Reserve played a key role in providing pollinators for tomato crops and therefore emphasizes the need for conservation and restoration of forest fragments to assist in increasing crop production.