Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-04-25"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17095

Efeitos do treinamento de estabilização funcional em mulheres saudáveis e com dor femoropatelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-25)
Baldon, Rodrigo de Marche
;
Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9854034655055173
Hip and trunk strengthening exercises have been included in preventive programs and treatment protocols for patellofemoral pain (PFP). It is believed that the strengthening of these muscles might change the lower limb movement pattern during functional activities, reducing the patellofemoral stress. However, there is limited evidence about the clinical and biomechanical effects of the treatment focused on hip and trunk muscle strengthening and lower limb and trunk movement control, named functional stabilization training (FST). Thus, the objectives of this thesis were to verify the effects of the FST in healthy females, to compare the effects of the FST to the standard treatment (ST) in females with PFP, and to determine the muscle function mechanism(s) by which the FST leads to kinematic changes in the frontal plane. The 3D kinematics was assessed during the single-leg squat using a camera system and an electromagnetic tracking system. The hip and knee isokinetic torque was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer and trunk muscle resistance was evaluated by way of sustained static postures. The functional performance was evaluated using the single-leg triple hop test, the timed 6-m single-leg hop test, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The pain intensity was assessed with a 10cm visual analogue scale and the Global Rating of Change Scale was used to measure perceived improvement. The results of this thesis demonstrated that the healthy females and the patients with PFP performing the FST decreased the movement excursion of contralateral pelvis depression, hip adduction and knee abduction. Moreover, the patients performing the FST also decreased ipsilateral trunk inclination and increased pelvis anteversion and flexion. The FST was also effective in increasing hip and knee torque and functional performance in healthy females and in the patients with PFP as well as the trunk muscle endurance in PFP patients. The patients who performed the FST also showed less knee pain intensity and greater perceived improvement when compared to the patients who performed the ST. Finally, the strengthening of the gluteus muscles was associated with improvement of lower limb and trunk kinematics in the frontal plane. Therefore, the results of this thesis show that the FST causes significant lower limb biomechanical effects in healthy females and in patients with PFP. Moreover, the FST causes greater clinical improvements in patients with PFP when compared to the ST.
Vespas parasitoides em capítulos de Asteraceae: caracterização da fauna, distribuição e padrões de associação no Cerrado do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-28)
Nascimento, André Rangel
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1936839223951300
This is the first and most complete study of parasitoid wasps fauna associated with endophagous herbivores reared from flower-heads of Asteracea. A total of 36 remnants of Cerrado were sampled around São Paulo states, Brazil. 15,372 specimens of 192 species of parasitoid wasps were reared from 74 species of family Asteraceae. The subfamilies Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea) and Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) represented most than a half of parasitoid wasps species. In addition to presenting a rich fauna of parasitoids, this study also addresses ecological issues regarding the main determinants of the parasitoid species richness from Brazilian savannah. The availability of food resources has crucial role in determining the species richness of parasitoids. In the first chapter of this thesis, we verified the role of geographical distribution of plants on the accumulation of natural enemies of their endophagous herbivores. In the second chapter, we verified through a path analysis which was the effect of local richness and phylogenetic diversity of plant species and their herbivores endophagous of flower-heads on local parasitoid species richness. In the third chapter we tested through an analysis of randomization if the patterns of the proportions of species of three trophic levels were consistent or stochastic. We conclude that both plants and their associated herbivores play a key role in determining the species richness of parasitoids in the Cerrado biome and the principals determinants of parasitoid wasps species richness were geographical distribution of plants, plant and herbivore richness, and the phytophysiognomy where species live. Due copyrights, all chapters of this thesis can be found published online in Neotropical Entomology, Insect Conservation and Diversity and Biota Neotropica magazines.
“Compreensão das propriedades estruturais e de superfície de catalisadores de platina promovidos com cério através de técnicas de caracterização in situ sob a reação de deslocamento gás-água”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-28)
Meira, Debora Motta
;
Zanchet, Daniela
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0601216568829240
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
Pt based catalysts were measured with in situ X ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to obtain information about the catalyst crystalline structure and electronic properties as a function of catalyst composition, method of preparation, inlet feed conditions and temperature. In these experiments, two type of catalysts were studied: i) nanoparticles of Pt occluded in Al2O3 or CeO2-Al2O3 matrix containing 1.5 % of Pt where two different methods to incorporate the cerium were used and ii) conventional Pt supported catalysts containing 0.3 and 1 % of Pt on Al2O3 or with addition of 6 or 12 % of ceria. For catalysts based on nanoparticles, XAFS spectra were acquired at Pt L3-edge and Ce K and L3-edge under reduction and water gas shift (WGS) reaction conditions. The XAFS results reveal, after the reduction, the presence of Pt nanoparticles with similar coordination numbers (NPt-Pt), about 6, and similar Pt-Pt distances, about 2.75  0.01 Å. The catalyst activity for WGS and the strength of interaction between the metal and the support are related with cerium oxide structure revealed by XAFS analysis at Ce K and L3 edges. In situ infrared spectroscopy under WGS conditions revealed the presence of formates on the catalyst surface and that they are probably spectators for the reaction. It was possible to observe that these catalysts changes according to the atmosphere and temperature. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate, using the pre-formed nanoparticles that several parameters affect the catalyst behavior like: the metallic and the oxide particle size, the contact between them and what is exposed on the surface. For the conventional catalysts, the addition of ceria on 03PtAl sample enhances Pt oxidation, reflecting in a larger Pt-O coordination number for this sample. After reduction, 03PtAl resulted in larger Pt particles compared to the 12Ce03PtAl. For Ce-containing samples, in addition to the Pt-Pt contribution, a Pt-O contribution had to be considered to fit the spectra. This Pt-O increases proportionally to the cerium amount demonstrating that Pt clusters are anchored on support through a Pt-O bond. The Pt structure changes depends on the temperature, support nature and reactants composition, demonstrating that the catalytic properties requires the use of in situ characterization techniques.
Estudo da influência do preenchimento de alvéolos em lajes alveolares submetidas à força cortante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-28)
Pinheiro, Gregory Lee
;
Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3917156804189914
The use of precast elements has become crescent in Brazil, due to the need of haste during production as well as while assembling the structures. Bearing in mind a quick assembly and the competitive price for this kind of frame, precast elements have been growing and spreading in this field throughout the country. There is something special about demanding hollow core slabs, in virtue of their own low weight, in face of the empty spaces generated by the hollows and a better use of materials because of pretension technique, making it economically feasible. The National Technical Code ABNT NBR 9062, which deals with precast concrete structures, shows no more specific criteria as far as hollow core slabs are concerned, but on the other hand the 2011 review in force to ABNT NBR 14861 which covers precast hollow core slabs brings about relevant aspects such as the method used to check the capacity of shear strength on precast hollow core slabs, both with and without concrete structural cover, and furthermore with and without hollow fillings. Considering the reduced amount of national research on this topic, this study aims to develop and perform techniques in different ways of filling the hollows and the slabs and how they behave when exposed to shear strength tests. As a consequence to the manufacturing process of such type of slab and the hollow- filling method, failure in the idealized filling, in virtue of each material own behavior and inappropriate technique are commonly found.
Concentração, rivalidades e impactos sobre o risco no mercado bancário brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-28)
Bottrel, Mariana Araújo e Silva
;
Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1884762075436436
;
Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de
It is essential that the financial intermediaries operate well in order to offer financial products to attend the society s needs efficiently, providing economic growth. Besides, a healthy banking system is extremely important for the solidity of the financial system of a country and the social welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to study the market structure, with their concentration rates and the possibility to exercise market power of the firms. Also, it is possible to relate the impacts of this market structure to the risks taken by the banks. In order to measure the concentration, it has been used the following techniques: (i) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI); (ii) Concentration Rates ( CR). To watch the possibility of market power exercising and rivalry, two methods were used: (i) unit root tests; and (ii) unit root tests with panel data. The results show that there has been a large increase in concentration, especially during the beginning of the global financial crisis in 2008. Moreover, it shows that there is possibility of effective rivalry. For the relationship between structure and risk, it has been used a model with panel data, according to Araújo e Jorge Neto (2007). The result was that the relationship between risk and concentration is positive. On conclusion, effective rivalry in the markets studied is possible, which reduces the possibility of the exercise of market power due to an increase in concentration. The concentration may also not have contributed to reduce the risks taken by banks. Keywords: Economic Measures. Econometrics. Commercial Bank. Financial Crisis.
Sobre a luz e o silêncio : o plano de longa duração e a dinâmica do som no cinema de Carlos Reygadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-29)
Reis, Hugo Leonardo Castilhos dos
;
Miranda, Suzana Reck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8566012598222563
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1644543442424911
This work aims to discuss the cinema of Carlos Reygadas, with the focuses on the importance of sound and its dynamics within the long duration take, a procedure that strongly characterizes the style of this director. Initially, excerpts from films Japón (2002), Battle in Heaven (2005) and Silent Light (2007) were analyzed to highlight the formation of a stylistic corpus and a predominantly contemplative and sensory conception of cinema. Then we elected Silent Light as a conductive thread of a broader analysis in relation to the main crop. Therefore, we had as main references studies by David Bordwell (2008) on traditional directors of the plan-sequence, as well as the categories and theoretical assumptions of Michel Chion (1994, 2009) on the uses of sound in cinema.
Estudo de incorporação de whiskers de celulose em polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-29)
Teodoro, Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo
;
Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203774759570089
This research proposed the obtainment of cellulose whiskers from cotton fibers and their application in low density polyethylene matrix (LDPE). Cellulose whiskers was obtained from acid hydrolysis of cotton fibers and the reaction conditions were defined after study of different acid in hydrolysis reaction (under 45°C and 75 minutes, with HCl sample WCl, or H2SO4 sample WS, or mix of them in a proportion 1:1 sample WSCl). The main difference observed was the amount sulfate groups on whiskers surface due the use sulphuric acid in hydrolysis. These groups affected the properties of samples, increasing stability of whiskers in aqueous suspension, decreasing the tendency to agglomeration. However, due to these groups, cellulose is degraded at low temperatures. Once the nanocellulose (hydrophillic) needs to interact with LDPE (hydrophobic), two strategies was studied to compatibilize them: (i) production a nanocomposite based EVA poly (ethylene-covinyl acetate), a copolymer compatible with matrix and filler, since it have a polar phases (vinyl acetate monomer) and a nonpolar phase (ethylene monomer), and (ii) surface modification of cellulose whiskers by esterification reactions. Nanocomposites based EVA was prepared by polymeric solution where EVA was solubilized in mineral oil and then, the whiskers without surface modification (WS) was added, with aim dispersing them in LDPE. The characterizations this study showed that the solvent remained inside the structure polymeric, modifying their original properties and difficulting the interaction between cellulose and copolymer molecules. The sample WS and WCl was applied in esterification reactions with acetic acid, propionic acid and maleic anhydride. Whiskers extracted by hydrochloric acid and modified by maleic anhydride (WClMal), was produced by a simple methodology and presented thermal stability at processing temperatures. Thus, this sample was used to obtain nanocomposites with cellulose whiskers and LDPE, which was produced as films by extrusion process. Nanocomposites with LDPE and whiskers not modified (WCl) was produced to comparison. The characterizations of these materials confirmed the incorporation of whiskers in a polymeric matrix. The concentration that showed good dispersion and lower clusters was 1% (w/w) cellulose whiskers in LDPE matrix.
Mitigação de riscos e compartilhamento de informações na cadeia de suprimentos: efeitos na melhoria do desempenho de empresas agroindustriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-29)
Tomas, Robson Nogueira
;
Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7053457212238829
Empirical works have shown that risks in a supply chain can affect the efficiency of the flows of products, services and information in it, causing misalignment between activities, inefficiencies in operations and low firm performance. In this sense, we note that the inter organizational information sharing has been pointed out in several studies (e.g., LEE et al, 2012; GIUNIPERO and ELTANTAWY , 2004; BLACKHURST et al, 2011) as an element capable of mitigating several risks involved in the productive activities of a supply chain. This thesis fits into this perspective, more specifically, seeks to analyze the relationship between sharing information with suppliers and customers and the mitigation of risks in supply chains (i.e. disruptions, poor delivery performance, failure orders, poor demand forescast, and others). Moreover, it is expected to understand if this fact (risk mitigation) contribute to improving business performance. Thus, we performed an empirical study consists of three stages, namely: i) literature review, ii) conducting a test of hypotheses with data processing by means of the technique of Structural Equation Modeling, and iii) interviews for in-depth understanding of the hypotheses were confirmed. Overall, the results indicate that, for the studied sector, a share of effective and efficient information between the company and its key suppliers focus promotes the mitigation of supply disruptions and inefficiencies in distribution operations or fulfilling delivery times along the chain, even without an appropriate sharing of information on demand (by the closest ties of the final consumer) or occurring inconsistencies with regard to its prediction. Moreover, with respect to performance improvement from the risk mitigation, the results are conclusive and allow to state that the expected effect was confirmed, i.e., so smaller are the risks involving the activities of supply, production and distribution of a focal with its suppliers and customers, best will their performance results (operational , market and financial). As contribution of the study, besides to filling the gaps identified in the literature highlights the production of knowledge to data from the Brazilian situation, since this research focuses on a recent topic (risks mitigation in supply chains) in an industry specific, of agri-companies.
Crescimento inicial de cana-de-açúcar em latossolo com gradiente de saturação por alumínio e submetido à aplicação de vinhaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-30)
Viglio, Larissa Marques
;
Soares, Marcio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4177909832142003
An important strategy to round the problem of high acidity in soil and the toxicity aluminum (Al)consequent, limiting the full sugarcane development, it is based on the use of suitable varieties to these conditions. The application of vinasse is one practical routine in sugarcane cropping. The vinasse effect as fertilizer is well known, principally by reducing the use of potassium fertilizers. However, vinasse may attenuate the toxic effects of Al in soil by formation of complexes with organic acids of low molecular weight, improving further deepening of the root system sugarcane. The aim of this work was to study tolerance of three sugarcane varieties (RB855453, RB966928 e RB867515) to Al toxicity and to assess the influence of vinasse in the expansion of the root system in dystrophic Red Yellow Oxisol with gradient of Al saturation. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse, on an entirely randomized design, in factorial arrangement, with three replicates. Sugarcane seedling were transplanted to PVC columns (0,8 m), each column consisted of four PVC rings. The PVC rings were filled with soil samples that offered an ascending gradient of Al saturation in depth (m%= 0,7; 7,9; 40,8; 62,6). The collection of the experiment was conducted 120 days after planting and it was determined the leaf chlorophyll index (ICF), stem diameter, plant height, dry weight of shoot and stratified root system dry matter . The largest amount of total root system dry matter in soil without the supply of vinasse was obtained from the RB867515 but with vinasse application this characteristic was presented by RB867515 and RB855453. The RB867515 was considered the most tolerant to Al, however the sugarcane varieties classification order based on tolerance index has varied according to vinasse application. The shoot biometric parameters, excepted by the stem diameter, were not considered indicators to differentiate the sugarcane genotypes from the phytotoxic Al in soil, as well as the ICF could not be adopted as an indicative parameter due by this stress. There were no significant alterations in soil chemical properties, especially in reducing the levels of Al and Al saturation index 90 days after vinasse application. The vinasse effect in increasing the percentage of roots at depth of 40 to 80 cm, has been verified only by RB966928.
Degradação eletroquímica do antibiótico ciprofloxacina utilizando eletrodos de diamante dopado com boro e dióxido de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-30)
Wächter, Naihara
;
Rocha Filho, Romeu Cardozo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5200717413563550
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8530485242303522
Initial potentials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of 2.23, 2.30, 2.36, and ~1.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol L 1 KCl) were obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 0.1 mol L 1 Na2SO4 for the 2500, 100, and 500 ppm BDD, and the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 electrodes, respectively. When LSW was used in the presence of 200 mg L 1 ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cl-cipro) in 0.1 mol L 1 Na2SO4, an oxidation peak was observed before the occurrence of the OER, for all the electrodes. Using the 100 ppm BDD electrode, LSV experiments were carried out for different Cl-cipro concentrations in 0.1 mol L 1 Na2SO4, which confirmed the nature of the oxidation peak at ~1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol L 1 KCl). With this electrode, LSW experiments were also carried out at different sweep values using the previously mentioned Clcipro solution, with results that indicated that the oxidation of the pharmaceutical drug is mainly a diffusion-controlled process. For the electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin (50 mg L 1 Cl-cipro) in 0.1 mol L 1 Na2SO4, using the BDD and Ti-Pt/β- PbO2 electrodes in filter-press type reactors, the effect of pH, flow rate, temperature, and current density was investigated. The degradation process was favored when the electrolyses were carried out at pH 10, which is related to the pKa values of the molecule. Yet the flow rate presented different effects; for the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 electrode, the process efficiency was improved for a high value (6.5 L min 1), contrary to what was observed for the BDD electrodes (2,5 L min 1). The influence of temperature on the process was little marked, having a significant effect only for the 2500 ppm BDD electrode (best results at 10 °C). On the other hand, the electrodegradation of ciprofloxacin occurred faster at higher current densities, since greater amounts of the oxidizing agents are formed under these conditions. For the optimized condition, the 100 ppm BDD electrode presented the best performance in the oxidation and mineralization of the pharmaceutical drug. Under that condition and using the 100 ppm BDD, five ciprofloxacin degradation intermediates were identified (m/z 263, 306, 334, 348, and 362), which led to the proposal of an initial degradation route for its electrooxidation.
Uma linguagem de padrões semanticamente relacionados para o design de sistemas educacionais que permitam coautoria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-03)
Silva, Marcos Alexandre Rose
;
Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381517748983487
The adequacy of educational content considering student´s culture, knowledge and values allow them to identify the relationship between what they are learning and their reality and, consequently they feel more interested and engaged at education. In contrast, in informatics at education, designing educational systems to allow adequacy is a challenge because of a lack of techniques to support the design and the difficulty to identify what and how allow this adequacy by users, because many users of these systems, as educators and students, do not have knowledge of designing. In this context, it is presented here a formalization of the design pattern with successful solutions for recurrent problems on designing co-authorship systems analyzed and/or experienced by the researcher of this dissertation during design and evaluations of these systems at Advanced Interaction Laboratory (LIA). These patterns intend to support designing of educational systems that allow users, as co-authors, adequate these systems, inserting the content to be displayed at them. Each pattern describes specific problem and solution. In order to support indentifying how these patterns are organized to each other, semantic relations defined by Minsky are adopted to organize them based on humans´ intellectual structure. Validations with different participants´ profiles, e.g., with or without knowledge about concepts related to design, software engineering, human-computer interaction, co-authorship, etc., were done to formalize, refine and observe the comprehension and/or application of these patterns to design co-authorship system prototypes, as well as, different participants from mathematic or pedagogy areas and teachers to validate the use these of these prototypes. The results shown that the pattern language is comprehensible and it supports designing to define what and how to display on interface to allow and help users insert content.
Explorando caminhos de mínima informação em grafos para problemas de classificação supervisionada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-05)
Hiraga, Alan Kazuo
;
Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0420736258990939
Classification is a very important step in pattern recognition, as it aims to categorize objects from a set of inherent features, through its labeling. This process can be supervised, when there is a sample set of labeled training classes, semi-supervised, when the number of labeled samples is limited or nearly inexistent, or unsupervised, where there are no labeled samples. This project proposes to explore minimum information paths in graphs for classification problems, through the definition of a supervised, non-parametric, graph-based classification method, by means of a contextual approach. This method proposes to construct a graph from a set of training samples, where the samples are represented by vertices and the edges are links between samples that belongs to a neighborhood system. From the graph construction, the method calculates the local observed Fisher information, a measurement based on the Potts model, for all vertices, identifying the amount of information that each sample has. Generally, different class vertices when connected by an edge, have a high information level. After that, it is necessary to weight the edges by means of a function that penalizes connecting vertices with high information. During this process, it is possible to identify and select high information vertices, which will be chosen to be prototype vertices, namely, the nodes that define the classes boundaries. After the definition, the method proposes that each prototype sample conquer the remaining samples by offering the shortest path in terms of information, so that when a sample is conquered it receives the label of the winning prototype, occurring the classification. To evaluate the proposed method, statistical methods to estimate the error rates, such as Hold-out, K-fold and Leave-One- Out Cross-Validation will be considered. The obtained results indicate that the method can be a viable alternative to the existing classification techniques.
Avaliação dos efeitos do resveratrol sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-06)
Fabricio, Victor
;
Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8413125497889474
Resveratrol (trans 3,5,4 'trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol found in some plants and fruits. There are indications that it may be associated with the prevention of osteoporosis due to its action similar to a SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators), a substance used to treat osteoporosis (among other diseases) in women whose use of hormone replacement therapy does not is indicated. However, more specific information about their effect in various quotas of bone tissue is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of resveratrol to protect against bone changes characteristics of estrogen deficit in young adult ovariectomized rats. Were utilized 30 animals (Wistar rats) distributed into 3 groups: intact group (INT) with 10 intact animals, ovariectomized group (OVX) with 10 ovariectomized animals treated with a saline and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, ovariectomized + resveratrol group (OVX + RES) with 10 ovariectomized animals treated with a resveratrol, saline and DMSO solution [0.7 mg/kg BW (body weight)], 7 times a week, for 12 weeks. Biometric, biophysical, biomechanical, microtomographical and radiographic density parameters were analyzed from bones with higher cortical (femur) and trabecular quota (vertebrae). The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three-point bending test and the lumbar vertebrae obtained by bone compression test. Lumbar vertebrae were used to perform the microtomographical analysis and radiographic density analysis. The ovariectomized rats gained more body weight and had lower bone density and radiographic density, and also showed reduction of microtomographical parameters when compared to the intact group. The biomechanical parameters of femurs did not change in neither group. The animals treated with resveratrol did not shown decrease in microtomographical parameters and bone density of the vertebrae as the untreated group. Therefore, the results suggest resveratrol as a potential protector of ovariectomy induced spoliation of bone tissues with greater trabecular quota.
Herbivoria de Bosmina freyi e suas relações ecológicas no Reservatório de Itupararanga - Votorantim/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-07)
Magalhães, Raphaella de Abreu
;
Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7397911787609992
Preliminary studies on reservoir Itupararanga indicate that the seasonal dynamics of plankton community is not being strongly controlled by bottom-up forces. Cianobactéria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and clorofícea Monoraphidium contortum are the dominant phytoplankton species in this reservoir. Bosmina freyi, recently described, is the dominant zooplankton in Itupararanga and there is no records of studies feeding habits of this specie. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the importance of the cladoceran Bosmina freyi as consumers of phytoplankton species: Monoraphidium contortum and Cylindrospermopsis raciborkii to better understand the ecological role of this organism in the planktonic food web in reservoir Itupararanga. M. contortum and three types of strain C.raciborskii, toxic strain (Cy.tox), strain with large filaments (Cy.grd) and strain with small filaments (Cy.peq) where ofered for Bosmina freyi. For each treatment, were calculated the density, cell volume, biovolume before and after incubation with B. freyi.Also calculated the ingestion and filtration rates. Qualitative models have also been made to describe and make predictions on the plankton community Itupararanga when there are changes in the population of Chaoborus sp. It was noted that B. freyi is able to efficiently ingest C.raciborskii including toxic strain, but presented difficulties in filter and ingest filaments of Cy.grd.Besides, B.freyi seems to be able to cut up filaments of C.raciborskii for ingestion. No food preference was observed by M.contortum. Qualitative models made in this study corroborate the hypothesis that seasonal variations in plankton reservoir Itupararanga may be being controlled by top-down forces due the presence of Chaoborus sp.
Efeitos antitumorais da naringenina complexada com cobre (II) e 2,2 -bipiridina em células de câncer de mama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-07)
Conceição Filho, Júlio César
;
Cominetti, Márcia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613484530528398
Cancer, is the name given to a set of more than 100 diseases that have in common the uncontrolled growth of cells that invade tissues and organs. It is occurs for several reasons, among them changes in DNA that may be caused by many factors such as oxidative stress, exposure to sunlight and smoking. Many efforts are being made in the search for treatments that may prolong a patient's life or even cure of the disease. In this quest, many chemotherapeutic compounds have been developed in an attempt to combat the different types of cancer. Among these various compounds were developed directly or indirectly from natural products derived from plants or bioactive compounds such as camptothecin, extracted from the bark of Camptotheca acuminata plant and taxol derivative of Taxus brevifolia. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites, which belong to the class of polyphenols. They are found in several species of plants, especially in fruits, seeds and flowers. Many of them were described as having high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, hepatoprotective and antitumor capacity. The main groups are derived from flavonoids are: flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavonones, and flavones. The naringenin belongs to the group of flavonones commonly found in citrus fruits and has shown in previous studies to possess anti-tumor action. To make more effective the action of these compounds, many have been linked to metal complexes which increases the cytotoxicity of the same. One of the biggest challenges in the field of cancer research is to obtain a chemotherapeutic compound that is cytotoxic to tumor cells only and has fewer side effects compared to drugs currently used. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effect of naringenin and naringenin complexed with copper and 2,2 '-bipyridine, in triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 and understand some of the mechanisms molecular action involved.
Avaliação do papel do receptor 5-HT2c da substância cinzenta periaquedutal sobre a antinocicepção induzida pelo predador (rato) em camundongos submetidos ao modelo de dor neuropática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-08)
Furuya-da-Cunha, Elke Mayumi
;
Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9582420020561046
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain that can causes comorbidities such as generalized anxiety and depression, and, consequently, it produces considerable damage to the quality of life of affected people. Despite it being refractory to most conventional pharmacological treatments, studies evidence that serotonergic drugs, like antidepressants, are effective in treatment of this type of pain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter with an important role in the modulation of nociceptive stimuli as well as the behaviors related to fear and anxiety. There is evidence that aversive situations, such as predator exposure may cause antinociception as a defensive reaction. Thus, several studies have demonstrated that fear or anxiety stimulus can cause antinociception and the serotonin (5-HT) produces this antinociceptive effect in structures of the central nervous system, such as the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). In this sense, studies from our group demonstrate that activation of 5-HT2C receptors in PAG is involved in anxiolytic effects and in fear and anxiety-induced antinociception in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze. However, it is unknown what the role of PAG serotonergic receptors in the modulation of antinociception induced by exposure to predator (rat). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of activation of 5-HT2C receptors of PAG on the antinociception and defensive behaviors in mice submitted to sciatic nerve constriction. For this, Swiss-albino male mice were submitted to sciatic nerve constriction on the first day of the experiment and, seven days later, they received implantation of guide cannula in the PAG. Four days after stereotactic surgery, mice received intra-PAG injection of vehicle or mK212 and were exposed to the predator. The test consisted of two phases: a) habituation to the apparatus for 10 minutes for 3 consecutive days, which started the next day after stereotactic surgery; b) exposure to predators or neutral stimulus for 10 minutes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of three factors (condition x stimulation x treatment) showed that chronic constrition injured (CCI) mice exhibited increased of scratching behavior, that is indicative of chronic pain. The exposure of these animals to the predator (rat) produced antinociception in CCI mice and increased behaviors related to fear and anxiety such as time spent in protected area and total number of stretched attend posture (SAP) and decreased time of contact with the grid, when compared to mice exposed to neutral stimulus (toy rat). Treatment with mK212 intra-PAG (0.21 and 0.63 nmol) produced no significant change in antinociception and fear and anxiety assessed during exposure to rat. However, the mK212 0.21nmol dose treatment increased scratching behavior, indicating hyperalgesia in CCI mice exposed to toy rat. Thus, we suggest that 5-HT2C receptors of PAG appear to modulate differently this type of antinociception and fear and anxiety in mice. However, further studies should be conducted using more selective subtypes of serotonergic receptors and perhaps other models of nociception to enlarge and clarify the role of 5-HT2C receptors in the processes that modulate antinociception induced by aversive stimuli.
Desenvolvimento e reúso de frameworks com base nas características do domínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-08)
Viana, Matheus Carvalho
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0839323666578855
Frameworks are software artifacts that implement the basic functionality of a domain. Its reuse can improve the efficiency of development process and the quality of application code. However, frameworks are difficult to develop and reuse, since they require a complex structure to implement domain variability and be adaptable enough to be reused by different applications. Due to these difficulties, this research presents two approaches: 1) the From Features to Frameworks (F3) approach, in which the developer models the features of a domain and a pattern language helps in implementing a framework based on this model; and 2) the approach that uses a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) built from the identification and analysis of the domain features of a framework to facilitate the reuse of this framework. A tool, called From Features to Frameworks Tool (F3T), was also developed to support the use of these two approaches, providing editors for modeling domains and applications and automating the implementation of code of frameworks, DSLs and applications. In addition to facilitate the development and reuse of frameworks, experiments conducted during this project showed that these two approaches make these processes more efficient and allow the construction of frameworks and applications with less difficulty.
Basá busá: riqueza, cultura e política no alto rio Negro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-09)
Ferreira, Tatiana Amaral Sanches
;
Andrello, Geraldo Luciano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447074379881029
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3263748217532898
This work presents ethnographic research concerning recent initiatives of cultural revitalization in the Alto Rio Negro region, particularly those initiatives that have been taken by tukano speaking groups in the Uaupés river basin. Therefore, this study is a combination of short-term field work and bibliographic research. The case under analysis is that of the recent repatriation of a set of ceremonial ornaments (basá basá), which had been kept for decades at the Museu do Índio in the city of Manaus. Considering the impossibility of defining the communities to which these pieces had originally belonged, it was decided that the repatriated ornaments would become the collective property of the indigenous peoples of the Uaupés river basin, in custody of an indigenous organization pertaining to the multiethnic group of Iauaretê. This research showed that the ornaments are considered to be people with agency, in such a way that concerns relating to the appropriate uses and circulation of these objects arouse anxiety as to the misfortunes that such objects could bring about to those who used or manipulated them. However, some people from Iauarete affirmed that the ornaments could not only be tamed and revitalized, but also transmit important knowledge to those who used them.
Empatia em camundongos: avaliação do papel da amídala, insula e córtex cingulado anterior na nocicepção em camundongos expostos ao teste de contorções abdominais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-09)
Costa, Vinícius Pelarin do Nascimento
;
Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0453820451521033
Empathy can be defined as the capacity for perceive emotional signals from others. Among these signals, the ability to perceive pain has clear adaptive and evolutionary value. Pain can be defined as a subjective experience that includes sensorial, emotional and cognitive components. Evidence has emphasized the role of amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula in modulation of pain and empathy. Research indicates the capacity of rodents to express empathy to a conspecific in pain or suffering. Works from literature and finds from our laboratory demonstrated that living together with a cagemate is able to alter the nociceptive behavior in mice. However, there are no works evidencing if occur alterations in nociception by living together with a cagemate with chronic pain and which encephalic structures would be involved in this modulation. To overcome this, male Swiss-albino mice were housed in groups or in pairs. The role of amygdala, ACC and insula are accessed by non-selective inactivation with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Mice housed in groups (Experiment 1), aging 6-8 weeks, underwent a stereotaxic surgery. 4 to 5 days after surgery, these animals received saline or CoCl2 microinjection, and, after 10 minutes, they were submitted to the writhing test during 5 minutes (acetic acid 0.6%, i.p., nociceptive stimulus). On the dyads (Experiment 2), animals lived together for 28 days since weaning. On the 14th day, one animal of each pair were submitted to a sciatic nerve constriction (SNC animal) or not (sham animal). On the 24th day, the cagemate underwent a stereotaxic surgery, and, on the 28th day, they were submitted to the writhing test after microinjection of saline or CoCl2, like the procedure described to Experiment 1. To Experiment 1 were utilized Student s t test to independent samples; to Experiment 2 were utilized two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; living together x treatment). Duncan s multiple range tests were utilized as post hoc. A p value of 0.05 or less was required for significance in both experiments. In Experiment 1, inactivation of the amygdala increased the number of writhing, while inactivation of ACC and insula did not alter this measure, suggesting a distinct modulatory role of these structures on the sensorial compound of pain. Our results demonstrated that for the mice that lived in groups, while inactivation of the ACC and insula did not change writhing, inactivation of amygdala increased it, suggesting a distinct modulatory role of these structures on sensory component of pain in the writhing test. In Experiment 2, living together with a SNC-cagemate increased writhing on the pair, suggesting that this experience activates the circuitry of neural representation of pain on the observer mouse (state of priming ). Thus, when this animal experienced nociception, its response was exacerbated. In this condition, inactivation of insula and amygdala produces opposite results, i.e., decreased and increased in contortions in those animals that lived together with a SNC animal, respectively. ACC inactivation did not alter writhing behavior. In this sense, our results suggest a different modulatory role of these structures on cognitive, affective-emotional and sensorial components of pain, and on empathy for pain.
Identificação dos fatores que influenciam na escolha da rota pelos ciclistas: estudo de caso da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-12)
Segadilha, Ana Beatriz Pereira
;
Sanches, Suely da Penha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1519870967702558
This study reports on the information obtained by analyzing actual urban bicyclecommuter routes in São Carlos, using Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) for collecting the data and a Geographic Information System (GIS) for analyzing the data. The characteristics of the routes used by cyclists were compared with the characteristics of the shortest-path routes. The extra distance travelled was computed by the difference between these two lengths, and a multiple linear regression was created for explain the reason for this extra distance. The results showed that 70% of the trips were, at most, 15% longer than the shortest path, the average extra distance was 220 meters and the factors that have an influence was the street hierarchy and pavement quality.