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Influência da nanoargila (O-MMT) nas propriedades mecânicas de polipropileno reforçado com fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-01) Arroyave, Gabriel Jaime Peláez; Sousa, José Alexandrino de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5511278870648653
Hybrid filler reinforced thermoplastics composed with short glass fiber (GF) and different particulate fillers present special interest for engineering applications, as substantial reductions in mechanical anisotropy and molding warpage are expected from these systems as compared to the same characteristics inherent to binary composites with GF only. These improvements are achieved by the partial substitution of GF by particulate fillers and are attained at the cost of minor reductions in rigidity, strength and toughness properties of these ternary composites. However, when nanoscale fillers such as nanoclay (NC) are incorporated in GF-reinforced thermoplastics, the mechanical strength properties of these systems are severely affected, even at very low NC content. Thus in this work, using model GF-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with varying total and relative concentrations of GF and organophylic montmorillonite clay (O-MMT) along with maleated PP as compatibilizer were twin-screw extrusion compounded with three different mixing protocols, in order to identify the factors leading to the observed loss in mechanical strength properties. Using tensile, flexural, izod impact and dynamic-mechanical (DMTA) characterization tests and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) elucidation of the fiber-matrix interface/interphase microstructure, it is concluded that the physical presence of NC particles at the interface contributes towards the reduction of interfacial interactions. As a consequence of low interfacial adhesion between the nanoclay and polymeric matrix, debonding of the particles and the PP during mechanical testing occurs, leading to crack growth that anticipates ternary hybrid composites failure in stress levels lesser compared with that of binary composites. These hypotheses were corroborated by SEM and TEM analyses.
Anotação semântica baseada em ontologia: um estudo do português brasileiro em documentos históricos do final do século XIX
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-01) Pereira, Juliana Wolf; Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1512389839368718
This dissertation presents an approach to proceed with semantic annotation in historical documents from the 19th century that discuss the constitution of the mother tongue, the Portuguese Language in Brazil. The objective is to generate a group of semantically annotated documents in agreement with a domain ontology. To provide this domain ontology, the IntrumentoLinguistico Ontology was built, and it supported the process of automatic semantic annotation. The results obtained with the annotation were analyzed in comparison with the Gold Standard and they presented an elevated level of coincidence, between 0.86 and 1.00 for the Fl-score measure. Besides that, it was possible to locate new documents about the discussed domain in a sample of the Revistas Brazileiras. These results prove the efficacy of the approach of automatic semantic annotation.
Adubação com cama de galinha poedeira peletizada no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07) Patroni, Bruno Henrique; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
The amount of commercial laying hens in Brazil is estimated at 90 million, with an average production of 2.20 kg of poultry litter per bird. Therefore, it is necessary to seek appropriate management practices for the final destination of the waste, in order to minimize environmental impacts. Transforming waste into a by-product with economic value has been an important strategy, especially as an alternative source of nutrients to reduce the production costs of important agricultural crops. The 2013/2014 Brazilian maize crop reached 78 million tons. For technified crops, with expected productivity above 10 t ha-1, the crop may require amounts of nitrogen (N) greater than 150 kg ha-1, of which a large part can be supplied by alternative organic sources, such as pelleted laying hen litter (PLHL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of PLHL, applied at different times, as a source of N for the initial development of maize, AG-8061PRÓ hybrid. The experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of seven treatments with four replications: T1 - control; T2 - conventional chemical fertilization; T3 - organic fertilization with incorporation of PLHL at sowing; T4 - organic fertilization with PLHL split application at sowing and topdressing; T5 - organic fertilization with PLHL at sowing, followed by 50% of the dose indicated for topdressing chemical fertilization; T6 - organic fertilization with PLHL at sowing, followed by 100% of the dose indicated for topdressing chemical fertilization; T7 - organic fertilization with PLHL at sowing, followed by 200% of the dose indicated for topdressing chemical fertilization. The effect of treatments on the supply of N by the PLHL was compared with those obtained by the treatment that provided N with ammonium sulfate and by the control treatment without fertilization. The biometric parameters evaluated at 90 days after planting were: height, stem diameter, and dry biomass. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, with subsequent comparison of means by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The management of N from PLHL, whose content was 21.0 g kg-1, considered the annual mineralization rate of 10% throughout the experimental period, resulting in the application 80 t ha-1 of PLHL at sowing, in the treatment T3, and 14 t ha-1 in treatments T4, T5, T6, and T7. Miaze plants grown with PLHL, either exclusively or in combination with chemical fertilizer, showed better results in height, stem diameter, and dry biomass than plants grown with conventional chemical fertilization. The application of PLHL incorporated in the soil provided greater increments in the biometric parameters of the maize plants. Fertilization with PLHL, as the only source of N applied at sowing, promoted better results than chemical fertilization or chemical fertilization combined with organic. It should be noted that the organic source as PLHL provides N gradually, decreasing the chances of toxicity or leachate losses. In the case of complete replacement of the mineral source of N by PLHL, a large amount of material is necessary to supply the requirements of the maize crop, which residual effect benefits subsequent crops, such as winter crops. There is, however, the option of combining the application of chemical and organic sources of N, with satisfactory results when compared to conventional chemical fertilization.
Letramento emergente, consciência fonológica e leitura de alunos com deficiência intelectual no ensino regular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) Barbosa, Esmeralda Aparecida de Oliveira; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867790870276142
This study stems from an interest in examining the impact of school inclusion in terms of possible benefits of an academic nature, such as the acquisition of basic learning of reading for students with intellectual disabilities. The study aimed to examine the utilization of skills related to emergent literacy and basic skills of reading presented by a group of students with intellectual disabilities, attending the early elementary grades in regular rooms, and had the support of care specialized education provided in multifunctional features. Also sought to identify the expectations of the resource room s teacher and parents on the acquisition of academic learning by students. The sample consists of five students diagnosed with intellectual disability who attend regular classes of basic education and resource room. The data about the repertoire of reading and writing students were obtained through assessment instruments of knowledge and skills of emerging literacy, phonological awareness and reading and writing skills required in Basic Education. For three of the participants was used the Testing Colored Progressive Matrices Raven - General Scale, to obtain data about their intellectual level. Were used interviews to obtain data about the expectations and conditions relating to learning students' reading, presented by the resource room s teachers and family. The results indicate that students in the sample had familiarity with only a small portion and less critical of set components of emergent literacy and phonological awareness. Students no exhibited no familiarity with the skills of decoding individual words and texts, not reaching the minimum criteria for this stage of reading literacy. Also observed, in relation to the learning experiences of students in the resource room, they do not cover the promotion of relevant components for the acquisition of reading skills. We discuss the implications for the evaluation process and for teaching reading students with intellectual disabilities.
Novos repertórios verbais em crianças pequenas: ouvinte, falante e classes de estímulos equivalentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) Almeida, Christiana Gonçalves Meira de; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4219119185672316
Research on stimulus class formation in very young children can bring important contributions to our current understanding of relations between verbal operants and concept formation repertoire. The present research was composed of two studies. The first one had four experiments that investigated stimulus class formations with spoken word, dissimilar objects and objects with common features. The second one described relationship between toddlers spontaneous vocalizations and theirs performances during conditional discrimination tasks. Participants were 14 children aged 18 to 27 months were participants. Auditory-visual conditional discriminations were taught, stimulus equivalence class formation and generalization performances were tested. The training and testing consisted of matching to sample procedures (MTS). The samples were spoken words, tridimensional objects or stickers. The comparison stimuli were tridimensional objects or stickers. In training, correct responses were followed by access to the object, praise and stickers. Incorrect responses were followed by a blank page. The minimum learning criterion was three correct responses out of four trials for each relation within eight trials. Testing was presented with or without reinforcement (depending on the experiment). Seven children learned baseline relations. Three of them reached the learning criteria in tests which suggested stimulus class formation. One child maintained stimulus equivalence performances in follow-up testing after 90 days. Study 2 analyzed videos recorded from three experiments of Study 1with six participants aged 22 to 24 months. The participants who showed higher frequency of vocalizations also achieved the equivalence tests criterion. The participants who did not emit any vocalizations during learning trials did not reach conditional relations learning criteria. It were found in the studies, results in favor and against the Naming Theory suggesting that under certain circumstances, repertoires of language and performance equivalence can coexist independently.
Avaliação da ciclabilidade das cidades brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) César, Yuriê Baptista; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9678934277577171
The growing number of cyclists pedaling in Brazilian cities demand an effort of local governments to develop actions to make their cities more bicycle friendly. However, these actions have been carried out without a plan that ensures the necessary priority to bicycle mobility. Thus, this study sought to evaluate how much the Brazilian cities are bicycle friendly, its cyclability. The relief, climate, urban aspects, pollution, integration of cycling with public transport, the quality of roads, safety, cycling infrastructure and government actions of Brazilian cities were evaluated through an online questionnaire answered by 2,925 people throughout Brazil. The survey results presented in this work show a good picture of the current situation of cyclability in Brazil: lack quality of infrastructure, lack of comfortable roads, lack of security and lack of government commitment to bicycle mobility to change this reality.
Memória social de mulheres de assentamentos de reforma agrária: a relação entre trabalho, política, educação e participação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) Lino, Amanda Cristina; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6242451829145469
This study aims to examine the relationship between memory of women, participation and education in the context of land reform settlements in the region of Sorocaba, using memories as object of study. Four thematic oral history interviews were conducted, whose themes were: Work, education, participation and politics. These memories revealed the participation process of settled and landless women, whom unveiled a clandestine history, shrouded in riddles in the bowels of restricted participation, politics, education, and the work dialectically substantiated by their experience. We concluded that these memories constructed other perspectives on gender and class as a way to interpret and maintain the resistance and struggles of daily life in four settlements in the region of Sorocaba.
Terra dos mortos: o espaço narrativo nos filmes de zumbis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) Gomes, Paula; Costa, Flávia Cesarino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653890782950111; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4396268922371468
This study aims to analyze the genre of zombie movies establishing a dialogue between their narrative spaces, the historical contexts in which they are situated, and their connections to other works in different media, in an intermedial perspective. Therefore, this research sought to study three narrative spaces that were widely used in the films of the genre: the Caribbean space, used in 1930-1940 American films of the Haitian zombie; internal and external areas of the United States, seen in flesh eaters zombie films created by George Romero in the second half of the 20th century; and major world capitals destroyed, present in many contemporary zombie films from various countries. In this context, this study main objective is to perform a spatial analysis of zombie films, that explores the possible connections and interrelations between the colonial metropolis/colony, inside/outside, and national/global spatial dichotomies, with the historical and social contexts in which these works are contained.
Uma sala de cinema pública: o caso da sala Lima Barreto (1982-1992)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-02) Mamede, Liciane Timoteo de; Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-8105; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0015806818189874; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-2351; Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de; Gatti, André Piero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9431755195997763; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0782-8803
This dissertation focuses on the first ten years in the history of the Lima Barreto movie theater at the São Paulo Cultural Center (CCSP). Such a cinema theatre has not a separate legal status, but it is rather linked to Centro Cultural São Paulo, which is part of the São Paulo Department of Cultural Affairs. Both, Centro Cultural São Paulo and its cinema theatre were inaugurated in May 1982; the former being the largest cultural center of Latin America at that moment and the latter the first cinema theatre run by the local government of São Paulo city. 1992 was the last administration year, out of four, of the leftist mayor Luiza Erundina, which had the philosopher Marilena Chauí as the head of the Department of Cultural Affairs. This was the first left government to take São Paulo’s office since the end of the dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985). The ten-year period addressed by this research comprehends the consolidation of the role of São Paulo’s public cinema theatre as an art house cinema. It also comprehends an important period of democratic transition for Brazil which determined somehow the way cultural policies were thought by the local government during such a term, undergoing both improvements and setbacks. Ultimately, this research attempted to demonstrate that, above all, Centro Cultural São Paulo’s cinema theatre is a public infrastructure, therefore any research that intends to understand its role and potential must deal with its public nature, which means, among other things, following strict legal and administrative rules and facing adversities of the politic context. On the other hand, it also means it is able to integrate a major plan of action as an instrument of inclusive and democratic policies, which can furthermore foster the cultural diversity, encouraging new audiences and the film culture (watching, reading and discussing about films).
O debate enfraquecido: o desânimo dos educadores diante da realidade cotidiana das escolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Buffa, Maurício; Tagliavini, João Virgílio
This thesis was inspired in the professors Paolo Nosella and Ester Buffa s research, A Educação Negada , a paper about the great debates which permeated Brazilian education throughout the 20th century. However, unlike the masters, she did not lean on the opinion of any great exponent, limiting to observe if teachers, principals and pedagogic coordinators currently participates, resist or only accompany the various everyday debates that permeate not only the most theoretical issues of education, but also characteristics and particularities of the educational system and the operation and management of the school systems structures. To achieve this aim, the research focused on two municipal schools from Cristais Paulista, in São Paulo. During almost 2 years, 62 educators were approached through semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and questionnaires. The study also used on-site observation, with the participation of this researcher in the HTPC meetings (pedagogic meetings where the teachers work as a group on the discussion and analysis of educational issues). Based on the assumptions of Oral History, and believing that doxa is the fertile ground for the emergence of episteme, the research stressed the opinion of the interviewed educators, adding them to the observations and collected data. Facing the inability to discern which would be the most true, it was listened as much as possible and considered the most probable not as ways to possible solutions, but simply to understand the context in which these teachers navigate. As stages of this investigation, it was sought, in first place, to understand how was the formation of the Brazilian State and the influence of this process in the formation and development of our society, which allowed us to see its authoritarian and little opened to debate feature. In a second moment, the paper endeavored to trace some of the main theoretical debates that have developed in our educational history, trying to show the main currents that disputed the primacy in our educational system. In this way, it was found that nowadays teachers are very distant from an effective participation in the main debates that permeate current Brazilian education. In general, they seem not to worry with the theories that, despite their understanding, end up guiding their way of teaching. Beyond that, they seem unwilling to the theories that discuss the role of schools and the currents that debate the best way to manage them. In the end, and with no concern to conclude, this study leaves as a proposal to improve Brazilian education the idea to heavily invest in a more beautiful and pleasant school, with teachers working full time and with more administrative, financial and pedagogic autonomy.
A descontinuidade do tempo: uma aproximação entre as noções de duração em Bergson e Descartes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Silva, Elaine Guinevere de Melo; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7274750185768135
A comparative study between Bergson and Descartes regarding their notion of duration, resulted in the development and composition of this research theme, which shows and ponders about the meaning and consequences of the conception of time from both thinkers within their own philosophies and methods of knowledge. The Bergsonian method of intuition and the mechanistic Cartesian model are presented and compared in terms of appropriateness to their respective metaphysical propositions. Relevant aspects of the activity of memory and intellect are highlighted to show the divergence between the views of Descartes and Bergson about these faculties. We discussed the Cartesian thesis of the independence between the time instants, in which duration is seen as a multitude of parts divisible and independent. This thesis was analyzed on the basis of the critique of the spatial representation of time, through which, the aspects of time spatialization were highlighted, such as simultaneity, immobility and discontinuity. The temporality of psychological states was also approached from Bergsonian and Cartesian philosophy. The continuous and uninterrupted movement of thought, described by Descartes, keeps resemblance to the description of the dynamics of consciousness duration in Bergson. However, only the second one paid attention to the indivisible character of duration as creation and incessant flow.
Caracterização microestrutural e mecânica da liga AA7050 reciclada por conformação por spray, extrusão e forjamento rotativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Guerra, Ana Paula de Bribean; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7850516376285928
The objective of this study was to evaluate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of hot extruded bars and cold rotary swaging wires of an AA7050 alloy. The ingot for the mechanical conformation operations was obtained by spray forming using machining chips from an aircraft manufacturer as raw material. The microstructural characterization of the final and intermediaries products (deposit and extruded bar) was performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; the mechanical characterization was done by tensile tests. The deposit obtained by spray deposition was submitted to hot compression tests with the aim to obtain the parameters of a constitutive equation for predict the hot deformation behavior in two different conditions homogenized and without any treatment. The process route adopted showed to be effective to eliminate the porosity produced by the spray process, and also to refine the microstructure, resulting in mechanical properties meeting the requirements of the standard of this alloy for aircraft applications. The extruded bar and the rotary swaged wires presented both slant and cup-cone fracture, being this phenomena kept after the age treatment in the extruded products, which was attributed to the occurrence of preferential crystalline orientation of the grains during extrusion. This preferential orientation was not removed during the solution heat treatment before aging; on the other hand, the wires were completely recrystallized during solution heat treatment and this phenomenon has disappeared. Hot compression tests were performed with the aim of describe constitutive equations of the material behavior in both conditions previously to conformation (homogenized and without previously homogenization treatment). The hot compression test reveals distinct behaviors of dynamic recovering/hardening during the tests.
Comercialização de filmes independentes e o caso 3 efes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Melo, Maria Cristina Couto; Costa, Flávia Cesarino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653890782950111; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725194144353016
The industrial model of filmmaking is structured by dividing the production of a film between three sectors. Production, distribution and exhibition, and the gradual and sequential content offer in the viewports. The distribution and exhibition sectors are responsible for the film commercialization, both work together in order to enable commercial success of production and monetize their own activities. Currently, the distribution activity is exercised by American conglomerates of media, the majors, and by independent distributors that operate on a national scale, usually with smaller films, called niche films. However, the development of new media and the communication media's convergence resulted in a model that proposes the content display on multiple windows and production by niche's demand . This research proposes to discuss and understand the role of the new display windows, potentiated by the convergence of media vehicles, as diffusion of alternative independent audiovisual productions. As an example, it will be discussed the distribution strategy for the movie 3 Efes (Carlos Gerbase, 2007).
Consciência de si e sentido interno: da identidade e da duração da consciência na crítica da razão pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-04) Dutra, Elias Sergio; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964560647390588
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the problem of the consciousness in the Critique of pure reason, specially the concept of consciousness of the Self, and the determination of the internal sense through consciousness. We will follow Kant s indication that there is a clear distinction of the knowing subject in a passive and an active dimension we believe that this distinction does not convert the knowing subject into a being possessing two different and irreconciliable parts. Opposing to this view, we want to, defend that Kant s distinction concerns two ways, the objective and the subjective dimensions, of considering the knowing subject. At first, we will analyze the subjective passive dimension; here we underscore the internal sense and his pure form, time, along with the difficulties that come from the interpretations about the internal sense in Kant. Secondly, we discuss the objective dimension of the knowledge; we given attention here to Kant s conception of Self-consciousness and Consciousness. In this part, we consider the necessary concepts for comprehending this issue, in particular, the concept of Transcendental Apperception, the I thin. We take into account the numerical identity of the consciousness and Kant s analysis of the Self-consciousness. Finally, in the third part, we focus on the issue of how the understanding as a self-consciousness determines the internal sense. This point, as we intend to show, requires a close examination of the transcendental synthesis of imagination and its implication to the comprehension of the different modes of the internal sense. This analysis, we believe, shows that the subject, in Kant s philosophy, far from being characterized by a duplicity of parts or faculties of an real or concrete subject, is only one and the same subject considered in its double dimension: the subjective and the objective sides concerning the same subject, that is, two distinct acts from the same consciousness, which is the self-consciousness.
Avaliação de comportamentos relacionados a ansiedade, autoadministração de etanol e expressão de pró-dinorfina e Fos em regiões encefálicas de animais adultos expostos à nicotina durante a adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-07) Bianchi, Paula Cristina; Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1169254558226835
Adolescence marks a period of increased vulnerability to drug abuse. Early initiation of tobacco use is strictly associated with alcohol use and dependence in adolescence and adulthood. The present study aims to investigate: 1) changes in anxiogenic-like effects and on operant ethanol self-administration in adult rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence; 2) changes on pro-dynorphin (PDYN) gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on late nicotine withdrawal and after ethanol self-administration; 3) which brain areas are activated on short or long-term nicotine withdrawal during adolescence. Our results showed that pre-exposure to nicotine during ten days (3mg/kg/day; s.c) in adolescent rats, did not change anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus maze, 15 days after the treatment cessation [postnatal day (PND) 52], progressive ratio (PND 75-79) and binge (PND 81-84) in the operant ethanol selfadministration protocol. However, animals pre-treated with nicotine displayed increased motivation to saccharin seeking. No changes were observed on gene expression of PDYN 15 days after chronic nicotine treatment cessation or 24 hours after the last binge session of ethanol self-administration. Concerning the areas involved on nicotine withdrawal, we observed that adolescent rats exposed to nicotine through the minipumps during 10 days (PND 28-37), showed enhanced Fos activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 3 days after nicotine treatment cessation (PND 40). The percentage of neuronal activation in this group was 22.03%, of those activated neurons, 28.5% were GABAergic and only 2.5% were glutamatergic neurons. Meanwhile, 15 days after the mini-pumps were removed, no difference was observed on Fos activation in the different brain areas analyzed. We concluded that: a) administration of nicotine during adolescence was not able to modify anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol seeking behavior in adulthood; b) late nicotine withdrawal did not change gene expression of PDYN in NAc, as well as, did not change Fos protein neuronal activation in the regions of mPFC, NAc and habenula; c) short-term nicotine withdrawal involves the activation of neural ensembles in the mPFC.
A participação das mulheres na agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-07) Souza, Wanessa Alves Pereira de; Beskow, Paulo Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329697168824873
This study aims to visualize the work performed by women in agriculture. Part assumption that live in a society patriarchal, activities in the life of reproduction are considered less important by do not generate direct income. It has the objective of presenting the reality of rural women workers and the importance of his work for food security and agroecology. Thus verifying, the context of agrarian issues experienced by them; identifying women's access to public policies; confirming the work performed by them; by viewing their forms of agricultural production; and ascertaining conception of agroecology and feminism by women. To analyze this context was used the method of qualitative research. Within the agricultural universe, was only researched women, aiming to evidence their looks over the reality. The research shows that women are being impacted by the agribusiness model and that still find difficult to advance in production in their territories by the difficult access to public policies. Women's work within the production is directed to the subsistence of the family, not being recognized as an indirect source of income; the same is based on an ecologically-based production, generating a diversity of products that ensures the family food security. It is concluded that there is a difference of reality between women that are inserted or not in social organizations; that still facing the limitations caused by the sexual division of labor; and that their work makes a significant contribution in ensuring food security and in the construction of agroecology.
Biofertilizantes, a base de esterco bovino, no controle de Phytophthora nicotianae em citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-08) Wehr, Pitt Paul; Kupper, Katia Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4866079661328873
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic liquid fertilizeres made from fresh cattle manure, produced under anaerobic digestion or forced oxygenation, for the control of Phytophthora nicotianae. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate separately the effect of the components in these products over the pathogen. For so, we tested the effect of cultivable microorganisms and the filtered fraction over the pathogen, targeting to identify the role of this factors in the disease control. It was found that biofertilizers have substances and microorganisms present in its composition capable of operating in the pathosystem in question, highlighting the role of baciliform heat resistant bacteria. It was observed that the effect of the filtered fraction of the anaerobic biofertilizer was effective on the mycelial growth of the pathogen and significantly higher than the filtered fraction of the aerobic biofertilizer, and had higher levels of some nutrients, especially calcium, copper and iron. The aerobic biofertilizer showed greater quantity and diversity of microorganisms antagonistic to P. nicotianae. The application of both biofertilizers reduced the number of infected roots of two citrus rootstocks (Citrus limonia and Citrus sunki) Both biofertilizers also reduced the amount of pathogen inoculum in the soil. In high concentrations biofertilizers cause phytotoxicity on young citrus plants, but in moderate concentrations, the products increased the number of germinated seeds of Rangpur lime and mandarin Sunki sown on soil inoculated with the pathogen. This makes the use of biofertilizers an option to be integrated in the disease management of P. nicotianae in citrus, however, more studies are require to investigate other issues, such as the risks related to the application of this products.
Caracterização microestrutural e modelagem do amaciamento dinâmico a quente do aço inoxidável austenítico ASTM F 138, utilizado em implantes ortopédicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-10) Geronimo, Fabio Henrique Casarini; Balancin, Oscar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4102566785398237
Flow stress curves of ASTM F 138 austenitic stainless steel were obtained through isothermal hot torsion testing in the temperature range of 900- 1200oC and in the strain rate range of 0,01-10s-1, totaling 24 experiments. To understand the dynamic softening during hot working of this material, the shape of the flow stress curves and the parameters required to calculate activation energy for hot working were evaluated. Also, the semi-empirical equations describing these parameters as function of Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) were obtained. Mathematical modeling of flow stress curves was developed taking into account the recovery parameter r and the Avrami exponent n. Processing maps were constructed using the Dynamic Materials Model. The attained microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy and the microstructure evolutions under some processing conditions were evaluated by EBSD technique. These procedures were also used to obtain the recrystallized fraction, to identify what softening mechanism was operating and in which conditions it becomes more active. Due to the intermediate stacking fault energy level in this material (78mJ/m2), attained data indicate that dynamic softening occurs in a balance between dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization, with temperature having a determining role. At higher Z, extended dynamic recovery takes place and dynamic recrystallization becomes incomplete due to plastic instabilities such as localized flow. Lower Z values offer favorable conditions for complete dynamic recrystallization, even if were necessary to impose large straining.
Vivenciar para apreender: o meio ambiente como contexto para o ensino de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-11) Silva, Márcia Adriana da; Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9820357996606419
Through the student‟s desinterest and the difficulties in the teaching-learning process of this science, where the teaching methodology employed traditionally is based on the traditional teaching model of transmission-reception in the memorization of concepts, rules, formulas and their applications are prioritized, this work approaches the use of a teaching sequence based on contextualized activities with CTSA approach to the teaching of polymers in high school, as a way to encourage, stimulate and facilitate the learning. Thus, this study investigated the development of contextualized activities with CTSA approach contribute to students understand chemical concepts related to the theme of the waste that is produced in their homes and specially if it provides them, a critical and reflexive positioning on the relationships between Science, Society, Technology and Environment, which are essential for its role as citizens. To this end, various teaching alternatives have been used in order to facilitate learning. Students from the second grade of high school at the Escola Estadual Enoch Garcia Leal studied diverse teaching strategies: lessons dialogued based on discussions of articles published in Revista Química Nova na Escola , experimental activities, instructional material on polymers and field visit to Recycling Plant. As a way of assessing learning, student answered questionnaires. The results indicate that contextualized activities with CTSA approach is a very important recourse that has much to contribute to the training of students, allowing them to reflect on the environmental problems arising from production and improper disposal of waste, as well as relate to the topic, chemical concepts involved on polymers used in everyday life.
Capital humano: alocações de talentos do ensino superior no Brasil e seus possíveis impactos no crescimento econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-11) Shirozono, Luanna Vargas; Silva Junior, Geraldo Edmundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5138808982229139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261883539405716; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566
Starting from the concept of human capital and considering it as a synonymous of knowledge, the present thesis collected based on lecture of Human Capital, searching in data of Higher Education in Brazil and studying a part of this topic and the effects over the dynamic of talents in the country. Searching inferences on alternative models of education from China, South Korea and The United States of America. Using as fundamental the HHJK theoretical model, the research concluded that to the period between 2002 and 2012, the distribution and allocation of talents among the knowledge areas / careers from Brazil didn t show a remarkable convergence if compared with state of São Paulo, which is the reference state by representation and importance in the country. Beyond that, the effects of those discrepancies among the occupation can correspond until 95% wage deviation on representative careers.