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O debate enfraquecido: o desânimo dos educadores diante da realidade cotidiana das escolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Buffa, Maurício; Tagliavini, João Virgílio
This thesis was inspired in the professors Paolo Nosella and Ester Buffa s research, A Educação Negada , a paper about the great debates which permeated Brazilian education throughout the 20th century. However, unlike the masters, she did not lean on the opinion of any great exponent, limiting to observe if teachers, principals and pedagogic coordinators currently participates, resist or only accompany the various everyday debates that permeate not only the most theoretical issues of education, but also characteristics and particularities of the educational system and the operation and management of the school systems structures. To achieve this aim, the research focused on two municipal schools from Cristais Paulista, in São Paulo. During almost 2 years, 62 educators were approached through semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and questionnaires. The study also used on-site observation, with the participation of this researcher in the HTPC meetings (pedagogic meetings where the teachers work as a group on the discussion and analysis of educational issues). Based on the assumptions of Oral History, and believing that doxa is the fertile ground for the emergence of episteme, the research stressed the opinion of the interviewed educators, adding them to the observations and collected data. Facing the inability to discern which would be the most true, it was listened as much as possible and considered the most probable not as ways to possible solutions, but simply to understand the context in which these teachers navigate. As stages of this investigation, it was sought, in first place, to understand how was the formation of the Brazilian State and the influence of this process in the formation and development of our society, which allowed us to see its authoritarian and little opened to debate feature. In a second moment, the paper endeavored to trace some of the main theoretical debates that have developed in our educational history, trying to show the main currents that disputed the primacy in our educational system. In this way, it was found that nowadays teachers are very distant from an effective participation in the main debates that permeate current Brazilian education. In general, they seem not to worry with the theories that, despite their understanding, end up guiding their way of teaching. Beyond that, they seem unwilling to the theories that discuss the role of schools and the currents that debate the best way to manage them. In the end, and with no concern to conclude, this study leaves as a proposal to improve Brazilian education the idea to heavily invest in a more beautiful and pleasant school, with teachers working full time and with more administrative, financial and pedagogic autonomy.
A descontinuidade do tempo: uma aproximação entre as noções de duração em Bergson e Descartes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Silva, Elaine Guinevere de Melo; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7274750185768135
A comparative study between Bergson and Descartes regarding their notion of duration, resulted in the development and composition of this research theme, which shows and ponders about the meaning and consequences of the conception of time from both thinkers within their own philosophies and methods of knowledge. The Bergsonian method of intuition and the mechanistic Cartesian model are presented and compared in terms of appropriateness to their respective metaphysical propositions. Relevant aspects of the activity of memory and intellect are highlighted to show the divergence between the views of Descartes and Bergson about these faculties. We discussed the Cartesian thesis of the independence between the time instants, in which duration is seen as a multitude of parts divisible and independent. This thesis was analyzed on the basis of the critique of the spatial representation of time, through which, the aspects of time spatialization were highlighted, such as simultaneity, immobility and discontinuity. The temporality of psychological states was also approached from Bergsonian and Cartesian philosophy. The continuous and uninterrupted movement of thought, described by Descartes, keeps resemblance to the description of the dynamics of consciousness duration in Bergson. However, only the second one paid attention to the indivisible character of duration as creation and incessant flow.
Caracterização microestrutural e mecânica da liga AA7050 reciclada por conformação por spray, extrusão e forjamento rotativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Guerra, Ana Paula de Bribean; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7850516376285928
The objective of this study was to evaluate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of hot extruded bars and cold rotary swaging wires of an AA7050 alloy. The ingot for the mechanical conformation operations was obtained by spray forming using machining chips from an aircraft manufacturer as raw material. The microstructural characterization of the final and intermediaries products (deposit and extruded bar) was performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; the mechanical characterization was done by tensile tests. The deposit obtained by spray deposition was submitted to hot compression tests with the aim to obtain the parameters of a constitutive equation for predict the hot deformation behavior in two different conditions homogenized and without any treatment. The process route adopted showed to be effective to eliminate the porosity produced by the spray process, and also to refine the microstructure, resulting in mechanical properties meeting the requirements of the standard of this alloy for aircraft applications. The extruded bar and the rotary swaged wires presented both slant and cup-cone fracture, being this phenomena kept after the age treatment in the extruded products, which was attributed to the occurrence of preferential crystalline orientation of the grains during extrusion. This preferential orientation was not removed during the solution heat treatment before aging; on the other hand, the wires were completely recrystallized during solution heat treatment and this phenomenon has disappeared. Hot compression tests were performed with the aim of describe constitutive equations of the material behavior in both conditions previously to conformation (homogenized and without previously homogenization treatment). The hot compression test reveals distinct behaviors of dynamic recovering/hardening during the tests.
Comercialização de filmes independentes e o caso 3 efes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-03) Melo, Maria Cristina Couto; Costa, Flávia Cesarino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653890782950111; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725194144353016
The industrial model of filmmaking is structured by dividing the production of a film between three sectors. Production, distribution and exhibition, and the gradual and sequential content offer in the viewports. The distribution and exhibition sectors are responsible for the film commercialization, both work together in order to enable commercial success of production and monetize their own activities. Currently, the distribution activity is exercised by American conglomerates of media, the majors, and by independent distributors that operate on a national scale, usually with smaller films, called niche films. However, the development of new media and the communication media's convergence resulted in a model that proposes the content display on multiple windows and production by niche's demand . This research proposes to discuss and understand the role of the new display windows, potentiated by the convergence of media vehicles, as diffusion of alternative independent audiovisual productions. As an example, it will be discussed the distribution strategy for the movie 3 Efes (Carlos Gerbase, 2007).