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Avaliação de comportamentos relacionados a ansiedade, autoadministração de etanol e expressão de pró-dinorfina e Fos em regiões encefálicas de animais adultos expostos à nicotina durante a adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-07) Bianchi, Paula Cristina; Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1169254558226835
Adolescence marks a period of increased vulnerability to drug abuse. Early initiation of tobacco use is strictly associated with alcohol use and dependence in adolescence and adulthood. The present study aims to investigate: 1) changes in anxiogenic-like effects and on operant ethanol self-administration in adult rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence; 2) changes on pro-dynorphin (PDYN) gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on late nicotine withdrawal and after ethanol self-administration; 3) which brain areas are activated on short or long-term nicotine withdrawal during adolescence. Our results showed that pre-exposure to nicotine during ten days (3mg/kg/day; s.c) in adolescent rats, did not change anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus maze, 15 days after the treatment cessation [postnatal day (PND) 52], progressive ratio (PND 75-79) and binge (PND 81-84) in the operant ethanol selfadministration protocol. However, animals pre-treated with nicotine displayed increased motivation to saccharin seeking. No changes were observed on gene expression of PDYN 15 days after chronic nicotine treatment cessation or 24 hours after the last binge session of ethanol self-administration. Concerning the areas involved on nicotine withdrawal, we observed that adolescent rats exposed to nicotine through the minipumps during 10 days (PND 28-37), showed enhanced Fos activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 3 days after nicotine treatment cessation (PND 40). The percentage of neuronal activation in this group was 22.03%, of those activated neurons, 28.5% were GABAergic and only 2.5% were glutamatergic neurons. Meanwhile, 15 days after the mini-pumps were removed, no difference was observed on Fos activation in the different brain areas analyzed. We concluded that: a) administration of nicotine during adolescence was not able to modify anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol seeking behavior in adulthood; b) late nicotine withdrawal did not change gene expression of PDYN in NAc, as well as, did not change Fos protein neuronal activation in the regions of mPFC, NAc and habenula; c) short-term nicotine withdrawal involves the activation of neural ensembles in the mPFC.
A participação das mulheres na agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-07) Souza, Wanessa Alves Pereira de; Beskow, Paulo Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329697168824873
This study aims to visualize the work performed by women in agriculture. Part assumption that live in a society patriarchal, activities in the life of reproduction are considered less important by do not generate direct income. It has the objective of presenting the reality of rural women workers and the importance of his work for food security and agroecology. Thus verifying, the context of agrarian issues experienced by them; identifying women's access to public policies; confirming the work performed by them; by viewing their forms of agricultural production; and ascertaining conception of agroecology and feminism by women. To analyze this context was used the method of qualitative research. Within the agricultural universe, was only researched women, aiming to evidence their looks over the reality. The research shows that women are being impacted by the agribusiness model and that still find difficult to advance in production in their territories by the difficult access to public policies. Women's work within the production is directed to the subsistence of the family, not being recognized as an indirect source of income; the same is based on an ecologically-based production, generating a diversity of products that ensures the family food security. It is concluded that there is a difference of reality between women that are inserted or not in social organizations; that still facing the limitations caused by the sexual division of labor; and that their work makes a significant contribution in ensuring food security and in the construction of agroecology.