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Canais de comercialização de orgânicos: desafios e alternativas de agricultores familiares do leste paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-21)
Oliveira, Priscila Silveira de
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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6102996140263032
This paper aims to describe some market alternatives adopted by smallholders farmers on the distribution channels for organic in natura products. Therefore, besides the literature review on this matter, the methodology includes the collection of primary data based on semi-structured interviews with fourteen smallholders farmers. The interviewees are smallholders farmers from eastern side of Sao Paulo, geographically located between two river basins: Capivari-Piracicaba basin and Mogi Guacu. Farmers are found by snow ball method. It is showed that the distribution channels, so called short channels , are the mainly strategies used on family farming. The market fairs are the sell places which the farmers chose as the best one for their needs. The main reasons for that are the better prices they can get due to the absence of any middleman in the selling process and the closest approach to the consumers. The worst channel in their opinions is the supermarkets due to unfavorable contracts required. Those contracts include lower prices, assuming the products that were over (not sold) and bonus profits to the supermarkets on special occasion to name some of them. This study showed that is important to implement actions to enable organic agriculture and commercialization management, logistics and accounting in the distribution process of these products. Considering this, formal or informal associations for production or commercialization have showed to be more efficient and safe compared to individual work, especially as a strategy for production diversification, constancy in offer and searching for new markets.
Químio-, régio- e estereosseletividades das reações de Diels-Alder de para-benzoquinonas: um estudo teórico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-23)
Servilha, Bruno Moraes
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1729692550121820
In this work, some computational theoretical studies on the reactivity of para-benzoquinones and their derivatives in Diels-Alder reactions were proposed These studies were done in order to compliment the corresponding experimental studies ongoing in our laboratory. The Diels-Alder reactions between carbomethoxy-parabenzoquinones 16, 17 e 19 and cyclopentadiene furnished type-A cycloadducts whereas in the corresponding reaction of 18, the B-type cycloadduct was formed. The regiosselectivity of these reactions were rationalized by the comparison of the corresponding transition state energies and the relative stability of the cycloadducts. The presence of a methyl group adjacent to group carbomethoxy in the dienophiles 18 and 19 inhibits the conjugation of these group with the ring systen, and the regiosselectivity on these reactions, at first sight, is not predictable. (CONTINUE)...
Anelasticidade em titânio, tântalo e na liga Ti-40Ta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-24)
Patricio, Marco Antonio Tito
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Florêncio, Odila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2881221058860977
The growing demand for increasingly resistant and biocompatible with the human body implantable materials, has led to an increase in demand for new metallic biomaterials. Some materials, such as titanium and its alloys, especially the Ti-6Al-4V, are widely used in the manufacture of orthopedic implants due to their excellent biocompatibility, high corrosion resistance and low density. However, the characteristics of these materials are not considered optimal, mainly because they have a high value of the elastic modulus when compared to the human bone. Include, that in the last decade studies have revealed diseases associated with elements such as Al and V, present in the alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Thus, it have looked for alternatives to the alloys used as biomaterials, still having one common element titanium, but having no toxic elements such as 𝛽 type titanium alloys, formed by non-toxic elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo and Sn has shown that lower values of modulus, greater fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Accordingly, the alloys formed by Ti-Ta become promising candidates as biomaterials, since it has been observed that the content of Ta affects the value of the elastic modulus. For some compositions of this alloy, lower modulus values of this alloys that are currently used in biomedical applications were observed. However, the alloys formed by Ti-Ta still have properties that have been little studied. Thereby, the objectives of this master s project consist in getting the alloy Ti-40Ta and its characterization by means of the technique of mechanical spectroscopy, as of its elements that compose the alloy. The technique of mechanical spectroscopy to be non-destructive, it is widely used for providing the anelastic spectrum (oscillation frequency and internal friction as a function of temperature) is considered sensitive to phase transitions and dynamic processes, which are essential for understanding the structural changes occurring in these materials. This study was determined the dynamic elastic modulus for the pure Ti and Ta elements, and the Ti-40Ta through flexural vibrations. The elastic modulus found for the alloy at room temperature was (71 ± 5) GPa, which is in accordance with results available in the literature. The value of modulus of the alloy is lower when compared to the commercial biomedical alloys and is closer to that of human bone, which makes the alloy Ti-40Ta a potential candidate to be used in biomedical applications.
Desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos utilizando nanomateriais para a determinação de espécies de interesse farmacêutico e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-25)
Figueiredo Filho, Luiz Carlos Soares de
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3210207943263219
In this work the development of new sensors using nanomaterials is decribed. Glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecyl phosphate film was fabricated and applied to determine diquat in natural water samples by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The analytical curve was linear in the diquat concentration range from 3.1 × 10−8 to 3.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 with a limit of detection (3 blank/slope of analytical curve) of 1.4 × 10−8 mol L−1. The performance of this electrode was compared with a commercially screen printed electrode from dropsens. The determination of linuron in natural water samples and commercial products was successfully performed using the boron doped diamond with good linear range, repeatability, sensitivity and stability. Moreover, the electrode had the analytical characteristics compared with the same electrode modified with platinum nanoparticles. A glassy carbon electrode with dihexadecyl phosphate film containing platinum nanoparticles was developed to determine linuron and carbendazim in natural waters, orange juice and commercial products by pulse diferential voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. The detection limits obtained were 6.1 × 10−10 and 1.5 × 10−9 mol L−1 for linuron and carbendazim using SWV, respectively, and the obtained results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level with those results obtained using a high performance liquid chromatography method. Glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecyl phosphate film was fabricated and applied to the simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine by DPV. The analytical curve obtained shown a linear range from 7.0 × 10−8 to 4.8 × 10−6 and 3.0 × 10−7 to 9.5 × 10−6 mol L−1 for dopamine and epinephrine, respectively. Both analytes were determined in three different synthetic samples of biological fluids (lung fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and human serum) with an acceptable relative standard deviation for the addition and recovery test. Graphene and graphite paste electrodes were also investigated in this thesis. Initially, graphene and graphite were characterized morphologically (RAMAN and XPS), as the obtained pastes. Moreover, the proposed paste electrodes were characterized electrochemically through well-known electrochemical probes as hexacyanoferrate (II) potassium, hexamine ruthenium chloride (III) and hexacloroiridiate (III) sodium. After this study, analytical curves for ascorbic and uric acids were built. It was observed that no significant analytical advantages were obtained when graphite was replaced by graphene in the pastes. The electrochemical of graphene and reticulated vitreous carbon three-dimensional electrodes was first explored in this work. It was observed that due to the hydrophobic nature of the graphene three-dimensional electrode, its application is not favorable in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, this material showed good electrochemical characteristics using ionic liquids as supporting electrolyte, better HET and higher current to electrochemical probes hexacyanoferrate (II) potassium, hexamine ruthenium (III) chloride, ferrocene and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine compared with the three-dimensional reticulated vitreous carbon electrode.
Conteúdos digitais para o tema ondulatória na proposta curricular do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-25)
Magalhães, Arthur Alexandre
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Arantes, Alessandra Riposati
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6742903299047989
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4217678767890330
This work proposes digital content for the Waves theme which can be inserted into the curriculum of the State of São Paulo. Technologies are part of the daily lives of students, and can be used as motivational tools in the teaching-learning process. Digital content consists of learning objects, such as videos, audios and simulations, accompanied by activities that provide an active student participation in the teachinglearning process. Activities were inspired by research methodology and have different levels of freedom, i.e. varying degrees of teacher intervention. We conclude that the activities with greater student autonomy lead to a more meaningful concept learning. It is noteworthy that, in addition to the positive result, this work has produced a considerable change in my teaching practice as I started to develop activities with investigative approach, in which the student carries out the process of knowledge construction.
Nano-microencapsulados de extrato de Azadirachta indica usando ligninas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar: estabilidade e eficácia contra insetos pragas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-25)
Costa, Eveline Soares
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9126084206992314
The present work aimed the development of a model bioinsecticide for pest insect control using microencapsulated botanical extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem), and natural polymer of lignins, witch were extracted from sugarcane bagasse. Several different extraction methods and chemical modifications were carried out on lignin in order to evaluate yield, cost, environmental advantages and biological efficacy. Among the proposed chemical modifications the main reactions were oxidation and acetylation. Techniques used for biopolymer characterization were FITR, 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF and SEM. Chemometric tools on NMR analyses aided on lignin differentiation according to their groups: oxidized, acetylated and naturals. Lignins were used in microencapsulation processes of extracts and fractions of the natural insecticide, A. indica L. Juss, by using Spray-Drying methods. The obtained products were subjected to thermal and photochemical degradation assays. The formulation promoted stability gains of approximately 40% for the formulated botanical extract. Use of commercial thermal and photochemical protectors were also investigated where it was observed that lignin was more efficient than traditional commercial photostabilizers protectors, showing that there is no need for adding synthetic protectors on microencapsulation process, and consequently, they are not needed on the final product. Microencapsulation was done through process known as Nanoemulsion/Solvent Displacement developed by the workgroup. In this process, botanical material was firstly nanoemulsioned, coated by a biopolymeric film in order to promote nanocapsules, and dried using Spray-Dryer generating micrometric clusters. All formulated material was subjected to biological assays to Spodoptera frugiperda, Diabrotica speciosa, Diatraea saccharalis e Anticarsia gemmatalis. Data obtained on biological testes shows that formulations that were prepared with neem and lignin were as active as non-formulated botanical extract on pest insects.
Avaliação das características mecânicas de compósitos de cimento Portland reforçados com fibras de polipropileno aditivadas com modificadores de superfície
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-25)
Esposto, Ricardo Francisco
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7978232406039488
The application of polymeric fibers as reinforcement in cement based composites is a highly developed technology in various applications in construction. The use of polypropylene fibers have been widely used, but with some technological limitations, mainly because of them present low interaction with the cement matrix when compared with other polymeric fibers. For this work, we sought to evaluate polypropylene fibers doped with surface modifiers, with emphasis on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of composites. Different amounts of fiber with and without surface modifying additives in matrices of Portland cement mortar after 35 days of age were evaluated. The physic-chemical interactions of the fiber with the matrix were evaluated by pullout tests and through reviews of scanning electron microscopy. Some specimens were subjected to accelerated aging tests and these samples were analyzed by electron microscopy to observe the behavior of the interaction of the fiber with the additive, but also for assessing the behavior of the fiber with the matrix after exposure to aging. The results obtained by the mechanical resistance measures uniaxial compression and scanning electron microscopy showed that a mechanical reinforcement occurs independent of incorporation of additives in fiber to additions of 1.2 kg/m3. On the other hand, the surface-treated fiber exhibited higher degree of adhesion to the matrix.
Uso de ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino de física para o ensino médio: modelagem matemática a partir do software Modellus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-25)
Barsotti, Daniela Cristina
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8857372188018044
This work presents a case study on the teaching and learning of Physics concepts using mathematical modeling and technological tools, with software Modellus 4.01 as the main resource. Modellus 4.01 was selected due to its ability to provide a user-friendly platform for developing animated simulations from user-defined mathematical models, in addition to windows that can display graphs and tables dynamically. The main objective of this work is to propose an answer to the question: Is it worthwhile to use a computational tool with mathematical modeling to enhance student s learning results in secondary education? After all, much has been presumed about using computers to improve Brazil s overall performance in basic education, but there are very few formal studies on their actual utilization, especially at a complex level like the simulations from mathematical models developed by the students themselves. A sequence of activities for the modeling of kinematics concepts is proposed and discussed. While considering the steps of such sequence and their application with 9th-grade students in computer-equipped facilities, this work also presents and analyses the results of a diagnostic assessment of students theoretical knowledge; their acceptance of the Modellus software; the URM and UVRM simulations they developed; and the concepts they gathered from the work with modeling and computational tools. It is therefore possible to reflect upon the effectiveness of this methodology towards a more meaningful learning of the concepts involved, as well as the difficulties arising from the use of technological tools in the school environment. The outcomes from sharing the products and investigations of this work with other teachers, whether in specific projects like the Observatório da Educação (The Observatory of Education - Obeduc Capes-UFSCar) or in academic networking events are also discussed. In general terms, results show that the application of activities in the suggested order may be an important support to the motivation of students and to a meaningful learning of the Physics contents pertaining to the 9th grade program.
Influência da redução do tempo de tratamento térmico de homogeneização contínua na microestrutura e qualidade metalúrgica de tarugos de alumínio, liga 6063 e diâmetro de 6”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-28)
Corrêa, Renan David
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Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6496720328311781
The homogenizing heat treatment of aluminium billets has direct influence on extrusion process productivity, surface quality and mechanical properties of extruded shapes. The homogenizing process parameters that impacts on metallurgical properties of 6063 alloys are: temperature, time and cooling rate. The maximum recommended homogenizing temperature for 6063 alloy is 590ºC. The minimum homogenizing time is 2,25h. The minimum cooling rate recommended is 400ºC/h. As for extrusion logs homogenizing process of 6063 6” diameter at Sapa Aluminium Brasil the furnace is a process bottleneck for logs production, this work has investigated about the possibility of time reducing without negative impacts on billet metallurgical properties and without detrimental impacts on productivity of extrusion process and quality of its products. This investigation was done by billet metallographic analysis, cold and hot mechanical tests and extrusion/anodizing trials for different homogenizing time conditions. The results have shown that the time reducing did not cause negative impacts for metallurgical neither for mechanical properties and because of that no detrimental effects for extrusion performance and surface finish and anodized quality was observed. Hence, was possible to decrease 20 minutes on homogenizing time and gain 14,5% of productivity on heat treatment process.
Efeito do treino de curta duração no alcance manual de lactentes a termo e suas implicações clínicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-28)
Cunha, Andréa Baraldi
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
Objectives: Part I) To verify the effect of short-term training on reaching behavior in fullterm infants at the onset of reaching. Part II) To know the behavior of reaching, the reaching training protocols in full-term and preterm infants and to adjust these training for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: In Part I, it was conducted a randomized controlled trial. 30 healthy infants at 3-4 months of age (M =14.0 ±1.6 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to: 1) reaching training group; 2) social training group (control group). The infants were submitted into 3 assessments (kinematics and qualitative) at 45° reclined position (until 5 days after the onset of reaching): 1) Pre-training, before the first session of training; 2) Post-training 1, after the first session of training, at the same day; and 3) Posttraining 2, after three sessions of training, at the following day. To perform the reaching training and social training, the infants were submitted into three short-term sessions of training, one performed on the first day and the two performed on the second day. All infants were seated reclined 45° in the researcher s lap. The infants of training group received three activities of interaction with the object under serial practice (i.e.: ABC, ABC, ABC) in each session. The infants of social group received no reaching training or stimuli for their upper limbs of each session. The variables considered were: characterizing the sample, the total reaching frequency, distal adjustments (hand orientation, hand opening, and surface of the hand contact), and spatio-temporal variables (duration of movement, mean velocity, straightness index, deceleration index, and movement unit). In Part II, we performed a literature review on: the reaching behavior in infants with typical developmental, preterm infants and infants with CP from 0 to 2 years of age; the main techniques of reaching assessment; models of reaching training protocols (immediate and short-term effects) developed for full-term and preterm infants and; on a way of adjusting reaching training for children with CP in clinical practice. Results: In Part I, a training session was effective in increasing the number of reaches and the percentage of reaches with ventral hand, and decreasing the percentage of reaches with closed and dorsal hand. In addition, three training sessions resulted in changes in the spatio-temporal variables (with shorter and more fluent reachs) and increased the percentage of reaches with vertical hand. For Part II, it was highlighted the importance of determining immediate, short, medium and long term goals, planning the therapeutic procedures directed to the goals. In addition, to use and adapt existing training protocols to intervene in infants at risk and / or diagnosis of CP, and others. Conclusions: A few short training sessions under serial varied condiction were effective in improving the reaching performance, such as changes in the number of reaches, in distal adjustments and spatio-temporal reaching variables. These results reflect the flexibility of the perceptual-motor skills development and the important role of experience in the improvement of motor behavior in infants. Furthermore, to direct the interventions to the functional objectives and, to use and adapt existing training protocols, may provide to the professionals one more tool of intervention in infants at risk and / or established diagnosis of CP.
Estudo da eletroxidação de CO e metanol sobre eletrodos multicamadas metálicas Ptpc/Rh/Pt
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-28)
Silva, Camila Daiane Ferreira da
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8646821920462899
Fuel cell is an alternative studied in recent years for energy conversion. A problem of this type of device is the choice of anode material and fuel used. Thus, different materials have been proposed besides the pure metals, such as alloys and metallic multilayers, and the direct conversion cell using small organic molecules has received particular attention. In this work we developed metallic multilayer Ptpc/Rh/Pt materials for the electroxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide. The technique used for the characterization of the electrodes and also to study the electroxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide was cyclic voltammetry. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in order to characterize the oxidation of methanol on these multilayers. The methanol electroxidation showed an onset potencial shifted towards more negative potencials over Ptpc/Rh/Pt and the peak current density increased about 283% over Ptpc/Rh2.0/Pt1.0 compared to Ptpc. EIS data indicated a lower resistance to charge transfer in the reactions performed on multilayers. Carbon monoxide electroxidation showed a higher current density for all multilayers electrodes when compared to Ptpc.
Traçados de caldeiraria no desenvolvimento da geometria no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-28)
Dias, Rodrigo Domingos
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
A course of Professional Qualification in Boiler Tracing aims to develop the capacities to calculate, chart, plan parts, prepare technical design, modeling sets and subsets. However the aim of this work is not training in Tracing the Boilers, but working some topics of boiler tracing in order to bring the student to see and better understand some basic concepts of geometry inherent to high school instruction, since in this way he will have the opportunity of a practical activity. We begin by presenting a brief history of geometry, delineating how it has being developed and crafted for thousands of years, and how the evolution of mathematics developed by great characters influenced the development and growth of societies as well as humanity as a whole, and further, how geometry is still crafted in society in general. In this work we examine how and to what extent a more technical classroom professionalizing activity can assist the needs of the curriculum of high school and even more, wondering whether the high school curriculum meets the needs of the contemporary challenges of the 21st. century society, which is increasingly characterized by intensive use of knowledge, either to work, socialize or exercise citizenship. The research methodology used was the Didactical Engineering, that guided us in the creation and use of a planned teaching sequence, in a group of students, for the teaching and learning of geometric concepts, drawn from the observation of the difficulty faced by students to understand these concepts.
Síntese de porfirinas contendo grupos do tipo uracil fundidos nas posições β-pirrólicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-28)
Fujita, Marta Akemi
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0342354416159412
In this work the synthesis of new porphyrin derivatives were proposed. The preparations of new compounds containing uracil groups at β-pirrolic position were studied based on their interest in organics synthesis. We also have performed reactions with metals salt in order to evaluate the different photophysical properties of the porphyrin complex. In the first step was performed the synthesis of precursors 2, 3 and 4 in order to prepare porphyrins 5 and 6 (SCHEME 1). The pyrrole 3 was obtained from the protected uracil 2. For the synthesis of the pyrrole 4, a deprotection was performed before, to yield the compound 3. After the synthesis both 3 and 4, tetramerization reactions were tested under acid conditions, to yield porphyrins 5 and 6 after aromatization. Classic conditions for the porphyrin synthesis were tested aiming at the obtainment of porphyrinoids in good yields, thus a systematic study was performed. Until this part, only the porphyrin 5a was obtained. And the synthesis of the compound 5a, we have observed a regioisomer mixture through the 1H NMR. It was expected since pyrrole 3 was not symmetric. (CONTINUE.......)
Estudos de atividade antimicrobiana, de migração e de toxicidade de nanopartículas de prata aplicadas em filmes poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-29)
Becaro, Aline Aparecida
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1283081812633332
Advances in nanotechnology have allowed the development of materials that can perform various technological functions. Among these materials, polymers have been noticed for innovation for food packaging, providing physical protection combined with antimicrobial activity, especially in the case of polymer additives with silver nanoparticles, which increase the time of shelf life of foods. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of polymeric additives films with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for use in foods, analyzing toxicity in vivo and in vitro AgNPs in living organisms, defining the risks and benefits of the particles and for the product user, considering the possibility of migration of these to the environment. Nanoparticles were synthesized with varying size and shape and used for application in films. Several techniques were used to characterize the films and AgNPs. All tests using organisms followed established protocols. The results showed that the studied films showed good microbial activity at all concentrations for both microorganisms S. aureus and E. coli. The films also showed that can be used as food packaging maintaining desirable qualities chemical treasury consumers of minimally processed carrots. In the migration tests performed on the films was not observed even studied the possibility of migration of AgNPS at the lowest concentrations (2.5) have been reported in that they may migrate to other conditions at relatively low concentrations literature and as demonstrated in the tests toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms there is potential risk of interfering with the survival and mobility of aquatic invertebrates fresh and salt water and algae, as well as can also interfere with the development of rat pups when ingested orally and causes changes cyto and genotoxic in organisms such as Allium cepa.
Animação estereoscópica: relações entre a tecnologia audiovisual e a percepção da profundidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-30)
Santos, Tiago Eugenio dos
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Andrade, Leonardo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921612856948891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2248690766230203
The stereoscopic application is not in itself a technical novelty, because, already in 1838, the first device that allowed the stereoscopic display is designed. In the early years of its invention new apparatus were constructed in an attempt to combine animation with stereoscopy. The 1910s and 1920s are marked by the beginning of the use of stereoscopy in the cinema and at the end of the 1930s in film animation. Since then, there have been periods of great productivity alternated by periods of relative calm. Today, we live in a time in which stereoscopy comes back to matter in the film scene, especially in animated films. This research builds a historical overview of stereoscopy, stereoscopic cinema and stereoscopic animated film. It also exposes the particularities of a stereoscopic audiovisual piece and discusses the specifics of the application of stereoscopy in animated films. Using as reference periods of stereoscopic film according to the author Ray Zone, this research aims to analyze the use of stereoscopy in animations from different historical periods. The selected works for the analysis are: Motor Rhythm (1952), Starchaser: The Legend of Orin (1985) and Brave (2012). In order to verify the implementation of stereoscopy and the role of parallax in the pieces chosen, an analysis methodology was developed so that we could be able to determine the application of stereoscopy within an audiovisual work while also addressing its narrative composition.
Catalisadores derivados de óxidos do tipo perovskita LaMO3, LaMFeO3 e LaMO3/γ-Al2O3 (M = Co, Ni ou Fe) aplicados à reforma a vapor de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-30)
Faustino, Patrícia Brígida
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6807169442685729
The hydrogen production has been extensively studied as a clean and powerful energy source, indicating that in the future hydrogen will became a key component for the global energy production, since burning fossil fuels, used nowadays, emits disturbing amounts of gases that cause the greenhouse effect and the global warming, which urgently needs to be reduced. Thus, hydrogen use has been studied as electric power generation and as a fuel derived from, for example, fuel cells that are able to convert chemical energy from the reaction between H2 and O2 into electrical energy, thermal energy and water, without causing environmental impacts, since it has no noises or vibrations and there is neither combustion or emission of particulates. A feasible way to produce hydrogen is the Steam Reforming Reaction of ethanol, since ethanol is a renewable source obtained mainly from sugar cane and also due to the low costs of operation in the Steam Reforming Reaction. Due to these facts, the reactions of Steam Reforming of Ethanol (SRE) have been extensively studied in previous years, and several studies have shown that this reaction provides a high hydrogen production; however, some parallel reactions may occur, forming side products, leading to reduced amounts of produced H2. Thus, the development of appropriate catalysts in these reactions becomes necessary, in a way that it enhances the conversion favoring the major product and suppressing the conversion to side products. A good efficiency of perovskite type oxides as catalysts in the SRE has been reported in several studies. These materials are mixed oxides with an ABO3 chemical structure, A being the largest cation such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements, and B representing the smallest cation such as transition metals. The partial substitution of cations located in the B site by others with similar oxidation state can promote changes in the redox properties of these ions, causing changes in the stability of the crystal structure. Therefore, the perovskite type oxides LaNiO3, LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 were synthesized through the citrate and precipitation methods. In a second stage Fe was added into the structure of the oxides LaNiO3 and LaCoO3, and in a new stage LaNiO3, LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 was synthesized with perovskite type oxides supported on gamma alumina by precipitation-deposition. After the syntheses, the catalysts were characterized and the influence of the preparation method was studied, specifically the effect of Fe addition and of the support presence, in relation to the activity of the catalysts in the reactions of steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production. The experimental results showed that the LaCoO3 catalyst synthesized by precipitation method was more active and stable than the others, although the LaNiO3 (citrate and precipitation) and LaCoO3 (citrate) catalysts had also been active in SRE. The material LaFeO3 showed to be inactive in the reaction. The Fe addition in the catalysts LaNiO3 and LaCoO3 structure did not significantly alter their catalytic performance, indicating an economically advantageous feature, since iron is a cheaper metal than cobalt and nickel, and may partially replace these elements in the catalyst formulation, thus decreasing the synthesis cost without compromising the hydrogen yields. The use of gamma alumina as support in the SRE favored materials with higher specific surface area, whereas it did not favor a higher activity or stability of these catalysts, however the activity was maintained.
Bioacumulações de Cd, Ni, Pb e Zn durante os crescimentos de Salvinia minima e Lemna valdiviana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-31)
Iha, Danilo Sinhei
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2332539900317166
Metals are dispersed easily in environments and are bioconcentrated in tissues of many organisms causing risks to the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. The use of plants in phytoremediation has been evaluated in order to mitigate environmental contamination since it has large capacity to adsorb and/or accumulate metals. This study evaluated the growth and phytoremediation of Salvinia minima and Lemna valdiviana grown in different concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn. The growths were determined through measurements of leaf area by photographic images. The cultures were performed in a continuous flow (residence time = 2 days), under controlled temperature (23 ºC) and photoperiod (12/12h; radiation intensity: 4.31x10- 3 μmol sec-1 cm-2). The selected concentrations were 0.003 0.030 0.300 and 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.020 0.200 and 0.400 mg L-1 Ni; 0.01 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb and 0.10 1.00 10.0 100.0 and 1,000.0 mg L-1 Zn. The metals selection derived from the difficulty of its removal by conventional methods, and the selection of concentrations was based on values toxic to humans and on the maximum values allowed by Brazilian legislation for effluent discharge. None S. minima growth in concentrations of 0.300 mg L-1 Cd and 10.0 mg L-1 Zn were observed. L. valdiviana showed no growth when cultured at concentrations of 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb; and greater than 100.0 mg L-1 Zn. Individuals of S. minima bioaccumulated maximum 0.803 mg g-1 Cd; 0.677 mg g-1 Ni; 1.786 mg g-1 Pb and 10.464 mg g-1 Zn. L. valdiviana bioaccumulated maximum 1.15 mg g-1 de Cd; 0.045 mg g-1 de Ni e 62.465 mg g-1 de Zn. The metals content in plant tissues increased and the growth coefficients decreased when progressively increased the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations. We conclude that, depending on the concentration, the two species of macrophytes can be used to phytoremediate effluents with metals and S. minima is more efficient on Ni, Pb and Zn removal and L. valdiviana on Cd removal. The Cd and Ni concentrations allowed by Brazilian law were toxic for both species and the allowed Pb concentration were toxic for Lemna valdiviana.
Previsão da contração e da variação dimensional em componentes injetados através de simulação computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-31)
Kiam, Thyago Morette
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
Both, average linear shrinkage and dimensional variation behavior for injection-molded components influence its final application performance, hence the project overall quality and profit [1]. The use of simulation software for estimating dimensional variation is still incipient due to some factors such as lack of proficient users, code simplifications and lack of raw material proper characterization. On the Brazilian context, this third item is particularly critical, once the coefficients for warpage results improvement for the main commercial code available on the market, Autodesk Moldflow Insight (AMI); requires a very specific characterization named ‘corrected residual in-mold stress’ (CRIMS), just generated by the software developers in a quite complex and low cost-benefit process for national resin suppliers. The present work used computational experimentation based on commercial code AMI 2013 aiming both: to generate CRIMS coefficients from correlation studies involving optimization algorithm, based on Cellere and Luchetta work [2]; and to perform a case study proposing a method that make use of optimization algorithm and Monte Carlo Simulation in order to drive both, design and process decisions; in the end providing a estimative of the dimensional variation behavior on early design and mold development phases. The results level of error obtained with the CRIMS coefficients generated on this work is close to the results generated from coefficients generated by the supplier for the same material (confidential data) that represents the state-of-the-art of correction coefficients generation; confirming the potential for the method showed in this work. The adaptable nature of the method described on Cellere and Lucchetta paper [2] was maintained.
Incorporação da sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimentos: práticas estabelecidas e barreiras encontradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-07-31)
Nascimento, Annelise Mendes
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9931944429943729
This research aims to present and analyze the practices that can be established by focus companies with their suppliers, distributors and consumers, so that sustainability is embedded in their supply chains. Moreover, as a way to better understand the dynamics of sustainability, the research also analyzes the barriers faced by organizations when adopting this type of practice. From the information obtained by the technique of systematic literature review, we developed a questionnaire for the empirical stage of this research - a survey with organizations known for adopting sustainable practices. Among the results, it is emphasized that the practices aimed at environmental issues are further explored, both in literature and empirically. Regarding the practices with suppliers, those that require a lesser degree of involvement between companies - less collaboration - and had a more assessment nature stood out. Considering the chain downstream, practices among distributors are still poorly known, both in literature and empirically; and practices that stood out with consumers referred to the sharing of information, and labeling of products. Considering the barriers, the more relevant indicated by respondents was the cost. From the results obtained, proposals were outlined, both theoretical and practical, about the incorporation of sustainable practices throughout the supply chain, and how to overcome potential barriers. It is believed that these proposals can be a starting point for further academic research, and still be used by managers interested in the sustainable management of their organizations.
Sinterização em forno de micro-ondas da hexaferrita de bário dopada com cromo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-01)
Castro, Walter da Silva
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Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869551828488378
Barium hexaferrite (BaM) is a magnetic ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure, which is widely used as a permanent magnet and in electronic devices, magnetic recording media, electromagnetic wave absorbers, etc. The properties of barium hexaferrite are strongly dependent on its composition, type of doping agents, and processing variables. Chromium oxide is an antiferromagnetic material, which, when used as a dopant in barium hexaferrite, can increase the latter s saturation magnetization and decrease its coercivity, making it suitable for use in magnetic recording media. The literature reports on several studies about the effect of the addition of dopants on barium hexaferrite sintered in a conventional furnace, aiming to improve its magnetic properties. However, no studies so far have focused specifically on microwave-sintered chromium oxide-doped barium hexaferrite. In this work, a commercial barium hexaferrite was mixed with chromium oxide ranging from 0 to 3g. Each mixed powders were pressed isostatically at 200 MPa and sintered in a conventional furnace (60 min) and a microwave oven (30 min) at 1100, 1200, 1240 and 1280oC, applying heating rates of 10oC/min and 50oC/min, respectively, to obtain highly dense materials with small grain sizes. The resulting materials were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area by the BET method, apparent density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results indicated that sintering barium hexaferrite microwave with and without the addition of chromium oxide yields materials with a homogeneous microstructure and densities similar to those obtained by conventional sintering, which can be achieved in an 80% shorter firing time. At 1280oC, the microwave sintered BaMCr4 sample exhibited higher levels of saturation magnetization and remanence than those of the other samples conventionally and microwave sintered at this temperature.