Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-08-20"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 16869

Trajetória escolar: desafios e possibilidades da Socioeducação na cidade do Recife (PE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-20)
Pessoa, Vanessa Karla Souza
;
Fonseca, Débora Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595226338503481
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3303280636896122
The present study, developed in the line of research for Social Practices and Educational Processes, second major theme, investigated the facts that are related to the schooling process, from the reality of teenagers whose had fulfillment of educative-partner measures in open environment in the municipality of Recife, and who were being monitored through the Specialized Social Assistance Reference Center (Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social – CREAS) and their school itself. The adolescents in this research are male, have the age bracket of fifteen (15) to eighteen (18) uncompleted years and were in socio- educational monitoring by the team of one out of six (06) city CREAS, presenting abandonment and educational failure history records. Besides them, professionals of CREAS and the academic environment were heard. The adolescents arrive to the educational services stigmatized as marginals, bandits and dangerous. It is up to the socio-educative politics, social assistance and education to recognize them as worthy subjects, with access to basic social services, in a way to compensate for all their insufficient trajectory or total absence of the state’s protective measures when it comes to access to school and minimal necessary social conditions to survive. Focus groups were performed with the participant adolescents and semi structured interviews with their relatives and professionals from CREAS, alongside professionals from the schools were made. It was adopted the materialist, historical and dialectical perspective as theoretical fundament to the defense of a social education, human-emancipation-oriented and ethical assumptions in an emancipating education. The results of this research point three (03) analyzing categories: survival need and life project; racism and prejudice; educational failure and the synthesis category: the research as social practicing: the insurgency of educational processes. The categories dialogue about the struggles that surface in the context of social exclusion, in which the participating adolescents are submerged regarding the full access of educational rights. The social context presented brings violent scaring, miserability, discrimination and prejudice, characterized by a society which gives preference to macroeconomic politics and still need to better develop educational processes in social practices from public services by the community which promote socio-education and can relate to human resources alongside values, attitude, positions and posture changes in their lives. Reflecting, like so, the need of emancipating public politics in a socially transforming perspective.
Africanidades e educação popular: uma análise de propostas e vivências pedagógicas de movimentos negros em Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-20)
Silva, Mariana Martha de Cerqueira
;
Pereira, Dulcinéia de Fátima Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339578170693084
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6083262350667325
This dissertation is about a survey that had the intention of reassuring the importance of approaching african and afro-brazilian history and culture in educational processes as from the dialogues between and with the black movement and relating brasilian´s africanidades to popular education perspective. Through the research action-participant methodology this work gathered and analysed interviews with local black leaderships that along with other historic sources provided our research material. Therefore, our group reserchead the contemporary black movement of Sorocaba city as well the educational experiences developed by them in the fifties of XX century. This survey was organized with the intention of revealing how by them could contribute to bring alive the application of Act 10.639/03.
Turismo rural, sustentabilidade e o serviço público de extensão rural no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-20)
Pinho, Alexandre Mendes de
;
Rabinovici, Andrea
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4049442132131493
;
Minasse, Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia Gimenes
The contemporary extension comes across a rural area into new ruralities, including the inclusion of tourism, which can make allowance for the reorientation of its technical extension to new practices. The All-purpose Technical Assistance Coordination (from Portuguese, Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral CATI), an entity in which the act constituting the extension agents of this study, is the organ of the State Department of Agriculture and Food Supply responsible for actions of public extension with rural producers in the State of São Paulo. The absence of an institutional project focused on the rural tourism constituted motivation to gather aspects of care of the extension of CATI demand producers in this area as well as it realizes that there is a concern with a tour that is developed in a more sustainable way. In this sense, the goal of this dissertation was to survey elements on the perception of extension agents to justify the construction of an institutional program covering training activities and planning that will encourage them to expand their awareness and critical review of rural tourism phenomenon as a development vector. The research constituted of a recess, within the set of 645 municipalities of São Paulo, which considered those with rural tourism as prominent activity from two different criteria, resulting in a sample of 87 municipalities. To collect the data we used a questionnaire that sought, in the opinion of extension working with producers in the sampled counties, its profile and it characterizes its performance under rural tourism as well as to know their perception of the importance of the work of this extension segment and on sustainability elements related to tourism. From the collected data it was noted that, in general, the technical team acknowledges the role of the extension service in the context of rural tourism, as well as under the point of view of the development of economic activity, as the role of articulation and mediation that can be assumed by extension. However, this research pointed to some limitations that need to be overcome, namely: motivational issues, partly caused by the lack of incentives from the institution to standardize and to enhance the standard of care demands of tourism; the lack of specific technical knowledge on tourism; the need to increase their knowledge beyond environmental approach in the context of sustainable tourism development, with the expectation aid in understanding the strengths inherent to the phenomenon of tourism conflicts. Accordingly, an investment in differentiated capabilities would be essential in building a CATI statewide program, guided to the qualifying holding its extension agents in the context of rural tourism process.
Frações: estratégias lúdicas no ensino da matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-21)
Valio, Denise Teresa de Camargo
;
Soares, Márcio de Jesus
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386
The main aim of this master´s degree dissertation is the Mathematics teaching as well as the pedagogical and teaching practices related to the topic of rational numbers, particularly, fractions. The Fractions project, main title of this paper, aims at reaching not only basic education students but also educators with the objective of proposing understandable and attractive ways of teaching the subject matter in focus.The methodology applied in learning rational numbers in their fractional form was achieved through the playful and practical exercises involving two groups of 6th graders in the Fundamental from public schools. The material handling and display of results contribute to the construction of knowledge on Mathematics and consequently its learning. The teaching activities and experiments are the hallmark and engine for the development of this dissertation project due to the fact that the use of manipulable material (graded PET bottles, funnels and water) ensures originality to the teaching/learning relationship of Mathematics.Mathematical concepts such as equivalence and comparison between fractions and even basic operations (addition and subtraction) purposely confine in the teaching sequences carried out in the educational project.
Um novo olhar para a matemática financeira no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-21)
Tamião, Fabio Carlos Badanai
;
Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1980715038108898
The teaching of financial mathematics is of great importance in the basic education curriculum. The students are challenged all the time with everyday situations involving the concepts of interest, discounts, financing, among others. In this work, we present the idealization and implementation of a didactic sequence, grounded in the perspective of Didactic Engineering, targeting a significant learning of Financial Mathematics in High School, with contextualized problem situations, use of scientific calculator, spreadsheets and computer software.
Estudo da sensibilidade barorreflexa e sua relação com a produção de citocinas inflamatórias no processo de envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-21)
Milan, Juliana Cristina
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7618794015038906
Aging causes changes in several human subsystems such as the cardiovascular and immune systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between baroreflex function through linear algorithm (cross-spectral analysis) and proinflammatory cytokines in the aging process and also assess the baroreflex sensitivity, TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP in different ages and in the aging process. One hundred and ten apparently healthy subjects divided into 5 groups with 22 individuals each, according to age were evaluated: 21-30 years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years, 60-70 years. The experimental protocol consisted of a blood samples collection for analysis of inflammatory markers and in the same day were collected ECG, blood pressure and respiratory movements for 15 minutes in the supine position and in standing position, after the active postural change for 15 minutes. For the analysis of baroreflex sensitivity cross spectral analysis (coherence, phase and gain) was used and ELISA method for analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 was used. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance one-way ANOVA test with Tukey test post-hoc or Kruskal-Wallis oneway ANOVA with Dunn's post-hoc according to the normality of the data and the Spearman correlation test. The level of significance for the tests was 5%. The main results were: 1) reduced baroreflex sensitivity during the aging process; 2) increased levels of inflammatory markers in the aging process; 3) negative correlation between IL-6 and BF gain and phase; 4) negative relationship between hsCRP and coherence, phase and gain in BF. It can be concluded that the human natural aging causes a loss of baroreflex sensitivity and increased serum levels of inflammatory markers studied, although the decrease in baroreflex sensitivity as function of the decreasing of vagal autonomic function occurred in the 41-50 age range, and only in the next age was observed changes in inflammatory markers.
Balanço de carbono e atividade enzimática na decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia de três macrófitas aquáticas em diferentes temperaturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-21)
Passerini, Mariana Duó
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1982495528270707
Macrophytes constitute the set of plants that evolutionarily returned to live in aquatic environments. They are widely distributed in the world and are characterized by a type of vegetation with high rates of primary production. Decomposition rates of these plants are influenced by biotic (i.e. decomposition community) and abiotic (i.e. temperature, dissolved oxygen, ion concentration) factors. Thus, were analyzed during the in vitro decomposition of three aquatic macrophytes with different habits of life (Eichhornia azurea, Eleocharis sp. e Salvinia auriculata): the carbon balance and the mass loss, the activities of the enzymes cellulase (C1 and Cx), xylanase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and its influences on the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds; and temporal variations of pH, conductivity, degree of aromatization and the content of C:N:P in the dissolved fraction of the chamber of decomposition at different temperatures and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. For this, chambers of decomposition were prepared with dried plants in a sample of water from the dam of the Beija-Flor (municipality of Luís Antônio, SP - Brazil) fragments. Incubations were kept under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and 4 temperatures (15, 20, 25 e 30 oC). A first-order kinetic model was adopted to describe and compare the kinetics of decomposition of macrophytes. The result analysis concluded that due to heterogeneity of debris, decomposition had biphasic pattern of mass loss, with labile/soluble fraction (COPls ≈ 15.4; 10.6 and 10.7 % for E. azurea, Eleocharis sp. and S. auriculata, respectively) and refractory ( CO ≈ 84.2; 89.4 and 89.0% for E. azurea, Eleocharis sp. and S. auriculata, respectively). Soluble/labile fraction showed mass loss coefficients higher (1.4; 2.0 and 1.0 dia-1 for E. azurea, Eleocharis sp. and S. auriculata, respectively) than the refractory fraction (0.0009; 0.0034 and 0.0014 dia-1 for E. azurea, Eleocharis sp. and S. auriculata, respectively). Both extrinsic factors (i.e. temperature and dissolved oxygen) as well the chemical composition of the plant influenced the decomposition process. Extrinsic fatoress, however, acted so as to lead to decomposition, accepting the hypothesis tested. The habit of life not directly influenced the mass loss.
Decomposição anaeróbia de Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig e Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster em meios com Zn e Pb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Moitas, Marcel Loyo
;
Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0414158639366574
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Zn and Pb in the anaerobic decomposition of aquatic macrophytes. Considering this purpose, bioassays with Hedychium coronarium coronarium and Urochloa subquadripara from Fazzari and Espraiado lagoons (São Carlos, SP, Brazil) were performed in laboratory. The kinetics of macrophytes detritus decompositions was conducted during 100 days. The pH, electrical conductivity and ratio E4/E6 was measured along this period. This procedure was carried under 6 experimental conditions: C1 (control), C2 (control plus KNO3), Zn95 (95.3 mg.L-1), Zn2 (2.0 mg.L-1), Pb6 (6.0 mg.L-1) and Pb06 (0.06 mg.L-1). Each of these conditions was also tested under two temperatures (15°C and 25°C) with the aim of evaluate the seasonality effect on the process. The organic and inorganic carbon data was fit to a kinetics model. Zinc and lead concentrations decreased the rate of particulate organic carbon loss of H. coronarium, which was observed by lower k4 and kT values. The highest zinc concentration performed the most aggressive effect causing very little loss of particulate organic carbon. Also mineralization of H. coronarium did not occur in any of the experimental conditions including control (C1), which can be associated with antimicrobial effect of some natural products in the plant. The COP loss and the COD increase were possibly related to fermentative microorganisms. The organic carbon breakdown was the only process represented by the mathematical model adopted. Zinc and lead concentrations decreased or increased U. subquadripara refractory organic carbon loss (k4) depending on condition. These differences are probably related to interactions of metals with the macrophyte detritus and humic substances produced along the process, changing thus the bioavailability of metals for heterotrophic microorganisms. Also, the highest zinc concentration condition (Zn95) had a negative effect on mineralization of U. subquadripara, showing that metal can affect mineralization and organic carbon decay independently. Overall, the kinetic model used represented the decomposition dynamics of U. subquadripara. The temperature showed a positive correlation with both plants detritus breakdown. We conclude the Zn and Pb can play a driving force role on the anaerobic decomposition of macrophytes, reducing or inhibiting heterotrophic activity. Also, we conclude that Zn and Pb had different effects for H. coronarium and U. subquadripara. Zinc showed independent effect on mineralization and POC breakdown processes. Finally, metals adsorption on detritus and humic substances are processes that determine its influence on decomposition.
Princípios norteadores para o planejamento de cursos de línguas para propósitos específicos em curso superior tecnológico (manutenção de aeronaves): considerando visões de aprendizes, instituição formadora e empregadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Terenzi, Daniela
;
Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1793732479966869
The technological higher education has expanded significantly in Brazil and there is a connection between the world of science and technology and the English language (CELANI, 2008). The technological higher education context, therefore, provides a rich environment for investigations considering the language teaching process, especially English. Actions are needed to adjust language teaching to the requirements of this context (ALMEIDA FILHO, 2008). Commonly, studies on needs analysis, which guide the planning of language courses for specific purposes, focus exclusively on the perspective of learners but, at the beginning of their undergraduate program, these needs may not be clear to them (ANTHONY, 1997; AUGUSTO-NAVARRO et al, 2012). Bearing that in mind, our research aims at discussing the planning of English for specific purposes courses in higher education, taking into account three perspectives: the educational institution, based on its official documents (program and syllabus); learners, considering their interests and perceptions of needs and, finally, the labor market, represented by employers of companies that hire the professionals who graduate from the technological program in focus: Aircraft Maintenance Technology. Data collection was performed using questionnaires and document analysis. The results show that there are similarities and differences, especially between the expectations of learners and the demands of the labor market compared to the objectives presented in the syllabus. Based on the obtained results and on theoretical issues considering language teaching for specific purposes discussed by many authors, we present principles aiming at sensitizing and guiding professionals involved in language for specific purposes course planning.
Tensões críticas e culturais em Rilke shake de Angélica Freitas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Hayashi, Gabriel José Innocentini
;
Santos, Alcides Cardoso dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1331980025109350
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9400756978943465
The object of this dissertation is the book of poems Rilke shake, by Angelica Freitas, and the main question that guided our research was: What are the critical and fundamental cultural issues that inform Angelica Freitas s poetical production in Rilke shake? With this question in mind two objectives were followed: a) to accomplish the reading and analysis of the poems and b) to discuss how the tensions between the poetic tradition and the contemporary world are articulated in the poems. These two objectives were interrelated and linked to enable us to create an interpretative key of Rilke shake. Angelica Freitas establishes a dialogue with European, North American and Brazilian modernist traditions and her work shows a belonging to the post-modern world. Eight Poems from the book were discussed in the attempt at investigating which elements indicate such a dialogue. The cultural system in which Freitas s work takes part and constitutes one of the representative examples was then discussed. Our aim was to show that discussing Rilke shake meant also discussing how contemporary critical thinking looks at contemporary poetry, setting the dialectical movement from the particular to the general and back. The systemic approach offers the reader a larger view, allowing him to understand the importance and the value of Rilke shake inside the discussions concerning contemporary poetry.
Síntese e avaliação catalítica das zeólitas com estrutura BEA, MFI e MTW na reação de Knoevenagel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Chaves, Thiago Faheina
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406892192390018
The use of zeolites in basic catalysis is small, especially when compared to the numerous applications of material in their acid form. Inside this context, are even smaller the number of studies on the use of as-synthesized zeolites as basic catalysts. Zeolites are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates that have a pores size well-defined. Many of zeolite structures need organic compounds to be synthesized, these compounds are called structure directing agents. Zeolites containing organic cations (as-synthesized) have basic properties and can be used as catalysts in reactions that require this type of catalytic site. In this work were investigated three zeolites structures widely studied in the literature, BEA, MFI and MTW. Zeolites were synthesized with different compositions (ratio Si/Al) in the reaction mixture. Addition to the conventional synthesis were performed modifications using an organosilane (TPOAC - trimethoxysilyl-propyl-octadecylammonio chloride) in the synthesis of structures MFI and MTW. Were obtained, for the three structures, samples with different Si/Al ratios, some of them containing organosilane. The samples were characterized and used as catalysts in the Knoevenagel condensation. For all samples the increase of the Si/Al ratio increased the number of species [≡Si O ][TEA+]. The characterization and catalytic conversion show that for BEA zeolite only one portion of the species [≡Si O ][TEA+] were available for the reaction. The samples modified with organosilane (TPOAC) were the most active, especially with MTW structure. This increased activity is related to the modification that the organosilane promoted on the surface of the particles. The addition of organosilane favored the increase of the Si/Al ratio on the surface and this may be related to better conversion results. In this work, we propose new efficient catalysts, with zeolitic structure, for reactions involving basic sites.
Trajetórias afetivas, sexuais e reprodutivas de jovens mulheres em vulnerabilidade social: experiências de socialização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
França, Giselli de Oliveira
;
Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7704853766533521
This qualitative research aims to analyze the emotional, sexual and reproductive trajectories of young mothers who have experienced social vulnerability, including the condition of institutional shelters. The goal is to evaluate how young girls perceive the relationship between their life experiences and how they experience sexuality, maternity and affection. The concept of socialization adopts Berger and Luckmann referential, and the gender concept follows the definition of Joan Scott. The methodology of History of Life, within the field of Oral History was adopted. Five interviews with young mothers who had the experience of sheltering next to Sorocaba (SP) were conducted. Two interviews were transcribed in full and deeply examined. In the analysis, the impact of various socializing agents was discussed- public and private, and the social construction of women's identities, especially motherhood. The analysis of the life stories of these young people allows us to understand motherhood as a marker of their sedentarization, who usually have a history marked by nomadism. Moreover, the reports allowed reflections on gender relations, the social and historical construction of the role of women in our society. The absence of programmatic responses referring to this population was discussed, as well.
Desenvolvimento de reator eletroquímico de leito particulado para processo hidrometalúrgico de produção de cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Costa, Pedro Henrique de Britto
;
Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9718347600666805
Typical hydrometallurgical processes for metal production such as zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt, among others, are carried out in huge electrochemical tankhouses since only low current densities can be applied in order to obtain a good deposit quality. In this work, the development of a new equipment was proposed for metal electrowinning from the leached ore extract aiming to overcome the limitations reported. The two pieces of equipment proposed are called three-dimensional electrochemical reactors with pulsed-bed electrode (PBE) and spouted-bed electrode (SBE), which are composed of small particles that provide a great improvement in specific surface area, using only a small amount of reactor volume, allowing high current densities to be applied, consequently diminishing the need for huge electrowinning tankhouses. An analysis and comparison of these two electrodes were based on the dependent variables current efficiency (CE), energy consumption (EC) and space-time yield (Y), that are considered the most important variables affecting electrochemical processes and reactors. Designs of experiments (DoE) were carried out in order to determine the best conditions achievable and also to obtain a deep understanding of the influences of each variable on the electrowinning process. In order to do that, the current density (i), time of packed bed (tp), time of fluidized bed (tf), sulfuric acid concentration (Cs) and electrode thickness (e) were studied. It was verified that time of fluidized bed has a negative effect on the process and must be reduced to its minimal value, which is 2 s, that is enough to recirculate and mix the particles in order to prevent from electrode clogging and also short-circuit. During the packed bed, best electrodeposition rates are achieved and it must be increased to its maximum possible value. Current density also must be increased in order to prevent from anodic zones during the fluidization step. Once established that low CE values are due to existence of anodic zones, it was clear the need of reducing acid concentration to its minimum value (100 g L-1), since lower values would increase the cell potential (Ecell) and cause a dendritic growth that is the major cause of short-circuit. Finally, the best condition was obtained by the union of all this information, allied with the reduction of electrode thickness, in order to make the overpotential profile more even inside the electrode. Thus, the best condition for copper electrowinning using a PBE was 2600 A m-2 of i, 54 s of tp, 116 g L-1 of H2SO4 and 2.4 cm of electrode thickness, providing 100% of EC, 1.7 kWh kg-1of CE and 76 kg m-3h-1of Y. These values are considered much superiors to those found in the conventional copper electrowinning processes. From this experience, it was decided to study the copper electrowinning using a SBE which also have promising features in this field. In this way, the independent variables current density (i), supporting electrolyte concentration (Cs), pH, electrolyte temperature (T) and electrode thickness (e) were studied. It was verified that, in accordance with the results of PBE, the current density must be increased in order to prevent from anodic zones; more concentrated supporting electrolytes improve CE and also decrease Ecell; low pH values also decrease Ecell, although values lower than 1.0 depreciate CE; and the electrolyte temperature have more impact in the dissolution rate than in the electrodeposition rate. In this case, the electrode thickness doesn t improve much, thus the best condition obtained for copper electrowinning into the SBE was: 1.8 M Na2SO4; pH 1.0; T = 40 ºC and e = 2.1 cm, could achieve 97% EC, 2.7 kWh kg-1 CE and 109 kg m-3h-1 Y. With exception to the energy consumption, the SBE presented a better performance than the conventional reactors used in industry, even better than the PBE, once it worked at 100% CE in many conditions imposed. It also presented very much higher Y values than the PBE. Even though, taking into account the hydrometallurgical industry needs, the PBE presented results that would attend those needs, once cost is the major issue in most of industry. Moreover, a difference of only 100 mV in cell potential is responsible for a big reduction in energy consumption and, consequently, cost of production.
A constituição da fórmula discursiva "cultura de paz": circulação e produção dos sentidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22)
Silva, Helena Maria Boschi da
;
Salgado, Luciana Salazar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6333942775772287
Ce travail s inscrit dans le cadre théorique de l Analyse du Discours (AD) française de base énonciative, qui voit la langue comme étant opaque et polysémique et les discours comme des pratiques discursives qui s établissent et se matérialisent dans les dires et les actions, obéissant à des systèmes sémantiques définis historiquement et socialement (cf. MAINGUENEAU, [1984] 2008). Plus spécifiquement, cette recherche a comme base principale la proposition théorico-méthodologique d Alice Krieg-Planque (2003; 2010) sur la notion de formule discursive, qui instrumentalise l analyse de la circulation et de la production de sens de syntagmes qui, linguistiquement figés, se révèlent, dans leurs usages, des lieux de tension, des points de convergence sur diverses questions sociales débattues dans l espace publique. De manière complémentaire, des lectures parallèles dans d autres disciplines contribuèrent à l analyse et à l interprétation des données, parmi lesquelles nous relevons celles liées à la Nouvelle Géographie de Milton Santos (1994; 2000) et ses réflexions sur ce qui est tangent à la période technico-scientifique informationnelle et à l importance des techniques et des pratiques dans notre conception de temps, d espace et, enfin, de société. Nous cherchons à retracer le parcours de ―cultura de paz‖ dans l espace publique brésilien depuis sa genèse institutionnelle jusqu à nos jours, en passant par les conditions de production qui permirent son émergence en 1989, lors du Congrès International sur la Paix dans l Esprit des Hommes, organisé par l UNESCO à Yamoussoukro (Côte d Ivoire), et en vérifiant sa consolidation et son fonctionnement en tant que formule discursive durant la période connue comme étant la Décennie Internationale de la Promotion d'une Culture de la Non-violence et de la Paix au Profit des Enfants du Monde (2001-2010 - ONU). Ainsi, nous souhaitons montrer comment un effet de consensus est produit dans la surface linguistique d un syntagme qui, en circulant, est mobilisé par diverses interprétations qui partent majoritairement du sème central ―vivre ensemble‖ (des personnes, des religions, des partenaires sexuels, avec la nature, etc.). Comme point de départ, nous avons fait un recensement de ses occurrences dans les journaux Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo et Brasil de Fato, diffusés à l échelle nationale, vérifiant ensuite une circulation plus expressive via une vaste recherche réalisée sur des moteurs de recherche, parmi lesquels principalement Google Search décision qui impliqua des considérations d ordre méthodologique qui firent partie de la recherche. Il convient de souligner que nous considérons plus important la diversité de sources plutôt que la quantité et la répétition d occurrences, considérant les cas de plus grande dispersion comme indices importants de la propagation sémantique de ―cultura de paz‖dans l interdiscours et, par conséquent, de sa condition de formule discursive. De cette manière, nous analysons les différentes interprétations qui caractérisent les discours d acteurs sociaux qui mobilisèrent le syntagme, largement utilisé lors de rencontres et dans des documents internationaux et nationaux, englobant diverses questions politiques et sociales, cherchant à vérifier les pratiques qui le figent et qui sont, en même temps, instituées par lui-même, dans un paradoxe constitutif.
Insight : uma abordagem guiada pela informação para análise qualitativa com suporte de visualização e mineração de texto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-25)
Hernandes, Elis Cristina Montoro
;
Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0950017449730821
Usually, experimental studies that are conducted to generate evidences on the different scientific fields produce many qualitative data to be analyzed by researchers. For instance, this is the case of defects lists generated from the software inspection activity, which defects consist of qualitative data that should be discussed and classified. This scenario was experienced during the Readers Project, where defects lists have token long time to be analyzed, sometimes hours or days, making the decisions about defects difficult. Moreover, feedback questionnaires deserved a careful analysis, since they carried relevant information about the experimental study. Aim: Driven by the described situation this research aimed to support the qualitative analysis conduction in an information-guided way, using visualization and text mining techniques to enable it. This approach allows software inspection defects described similarly be analyzed together, due to the use of these techniques, which may allow the homogeneity of the decisions about them. The same happens in the context of feedback questionnaires. Methodology: Based on the objective, the ways that visualization and text mining could contribute to become qualitative analysis more effective and efficient were investigated and designed. Considering it, the Insight tool was developed to enable the information-guided qualitative analysis. Experimental studies were conducted to validate and evaluate the approach on different contexts. Results: Four experimental studies were conducted: (i) a feasibility study conducted with text documents which gave evidences that the use of visualization and text mining met previous expectations and was feasible to be employed; (ii) a study in the context of software inspection which, although the quantitative data did not present statistical significance, the descriptive statistics and feedback questionnaires analysis gave evidences that visualization and text mining makes the qualitative analysis effective and efficient; (iii) a study in the context of questionnaires, which results were similar to the previous study; (iv) a case study in the context of qualitative analysis of long text documents which gave evidences about the utility and ease of use of the approach. Conclusion: Under the different contexts of evaluation, the Insight, an information-guided qualitative analysis approach that is based on visualization and text mining, gave evidences about the improvements on efficiency and effectiveness. Adding to its relevance in software engineering area, this research also contributes to other scientific fields, which often claim for technological support to conduct their research.
Desenvolvimento de filmes de carboximetilcelulose com nanopartículas de prata e avaliação de sua atividade antimicrobiana e toxicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-25)
Furlanetto, Maria Célia Siqueira
;
Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4909984450124700
One alternative for new packagings is the use of renewable materials as raw materialin the development of films, with the challenge of maintaining the quality of the product. Polysaccharides are abundant and renewable origin, and its derivatives, such as carboxymethylcellulose, widely used in the food industry, have potential use as new materials in the form of films. However, there are challenges adequacies of mechanical properties and incorporation of new features (as antimicrobial) in carboxymethylcellulose films to make her suitable for packaging use. A promising system to modify the characteristics of these films is the incorporation of nanostructures. However, in Brazil there is no legislation to nanomaterials and the increased use of this technology, it is important to value the impact of these new materials from development to the final consumer, to better direct the search. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop carboxymethylcellulose films with PVA-silver nanoparticlesand evaluate their antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated in carboxymethylcellulose, via solution, obtaining films by casting. The following techniques to characterize films/solutions were used: spectrophotometry UV-Vis, Analysis of Particle Size, Zeta Potential, Water Vapor Permeability, Infrared Spectrophotometry, Thermal Analysis (Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry), Mechanical Testing Tensile, Film Solubility in Water, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM / FEG) and Colorimetry. Generally, the addition of nanoparticles modified the characteristics of films, increasing mechanical properties at 66.7%. Evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the nanostructured system by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone, using Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli).MIC values showed the high effectiveness of the incorporation of the nanoparticles of CMC films (0,12^g mL-1), demonstrating the potential of this material for use in antimicrobial packages. In valuation of the toxicity of this nanostructured system, in vivo tests were performed in cultured cells (cyto and genotoxicity in Allium cepa), ingestion in Wistar rats and ecotoxicity in microcrustacean Daphnia similis. In meristematic cells of A. cepa, no result of cytotoxicity was verified in A. cepa. The analysis of chromosomal aberrations indicated predominance of abnormalities such as bridges chromosome in anaphase, verifying a clastogenic action of PVA-silver nanoparticles. Tests with rats have suggested the toxicity of nanostructured system, causing vacuolation in the liver and intestine crypt dilation, with accumulation of PVA-silver nanoparticles in ileum. Results of ecotoxicity have suggested a toxic potential of silver nanoparticles to aquatic invertebrates (CE5024 and 48 h equal to 0,0015 e 0,0012^g mL-1, respectively). The results of this study indicate that, even at low concentrations, PVA-silver nanoparticles can induce cellular damage in exposed organisms. Due to its increasing use, these data reinforce the importance of performing studies with silver nanoparticles as part of nanostructured systems.
Uma porta, várias saídas: análise do processo de reorientação da atenção à saúde mental de pessoas com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei através do Programa de Atenção Integral ao Louco Infrator (PAILI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-25)
Costa, Lucio
;
Leite, Kelen Christina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1659051697095067
;
Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
-
A formação continuada de professores formadores do Cefapro de Barra do Garças (MT): um olhar sobre o processo formativo com enfoque na construção de saberes profissionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-26)
Leão, Dinahmara Hild Ribeiro
;
Nascimento, Fabrício do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1205084360555950
This study has as object of research the continuing education of the teacher trainers of the Training Centre of the State of Mato Grosso (CEFAPRO), aiming to investigate how the training process is composed in the Cefapro of Barra do Garças, with emphasis in the construction of professional knowledge. The study considered the continuing education process in progress and the teacher trainers were used as research subjects. The data were collected through interviews and theoretical arguments were used for their analysis to introduce the debate on the continuing education of teachers in the public policies for education, assuming that continued education includes the educational reforms in Brazil. We sought to understand the formation process in different dimensions and contexts, with theoretical foundation based on Nóvoa (1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2009), Marcelo García (1999, 2009), Imbernon (2002, 2009, 2010), Prada (1997, 2010), Tardif (2012), Freire (1979, 1982, 1996, 2001), among others. It is said that the continued formation of the Cefapro as a participatory proposal did not consolidate its training room for the construction of professional knowledge by the teacher trainers. The challenge for the continuing education of the Cefapro is to meet the educational policy, advancing beyond the limitations that it addresses to the practices committed to the transformation of the society
Caracterização magnética de compósitos multiferróicos particulados Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O4/CoFe2O4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-26)
Jimenez, Korllvary Rhanddy Charles Parra
;
Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9545814170516633
This work was studied the magnetic and electrical properties of particulate multiferroic composite Pb (Zr0,52Ti0,48) O4 / CoFe2O4 (PZT / CFO) (0-3 type) prepared by the polymeric method of Pechini and sintered by ultra-rapid method in microwave and conventional oven, with two molar concentration (80/20 and 50/50). These samples were characterized by ferroelectricity measurements as a function of applied electric field. And magnetization, magnetostriction and magnetoelectric effect as a function of magnetic applied. The main goal of our study was to analyze and characterization of the magnetic and magnetoeletric dependence of particulate composites PZT / CFO, where these samples exhibits two different grains size distribution of cobalt ferrite when compared of grain size average of PZT matrix, with two methods of sintering. We observed these samples present a dependence of the magnetic properties with the methods of sintering and the average grain size of ferrimagnetic phase. This effect was observed in the electric polarization of the ferroelectric PZT. In addition, differences were observed in the magnetic properties 5K and 300K, especially in the coercive field, for samples of cobalt ferrite and composite PZT / CFO 50/50, associated to differences of apparent densities.
Novas perspectivas para a comercialização de produtos agroecológicos: um estudo de caso em Hojarasca Carmen de Viboral, Colômbia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-26)
Souza, Gabriela Ferreira de
;
Bertazzo, Cláudio José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1154385746854757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1398115392612782
The systematization of an agroecological transition and the local-regional markets is extremely important to build knowledge on this area. This systematization enable people, who are involved on this work, to have more precise information, increasing the success in the whole process. The present study systematizes a marketing initiative of agroecological products in Carmen de Viboral, Colombian, Antioquia department, from its agroecological transition, the development, until the concretion and stability of its initiative. The methodological approach was based on a notorious local peasant´s narrative, named Carlos Osorio, it was analyzed the reasons that induced him to work with agroecology, the emergence of a marketing channel, and the meeting with consumers, was take into consideration. It was also observed his present structural and organizational aspects; distinguishing its consumers and the strategies that he used to establish the initiative. It makes use of a semi-structured interview, a questionnaire and Diagnostic Rural Participative. The theoretical framework used was Van der Ploeg (2008) and the Stiologia Zaoual theory (2006). This case study shows the reasons that induced a person to change radically not only his life, but the relation he has taking care of the soil, agriculture, and also their lives. The peasant was succeed of closing a cycle, from its production until finding an autonomous commercialization channel for his agroecological products using mechanisms of symmetric reciprocity; enhancing important values, that our society relativized or even forget about, such as, confidence, solidarity, ethics, love, honesty and long-term planning.