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Princípios norteadores para o planejamento de cursos de línguas para propósitos específicos em curso superior tecnológico (manutenção de aeronaves): considerando visões de aprendizes, instituição formadora e empregadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Terenzi, Daniela; Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1793732479966869
The technological higher education has expanded significantly in Brazil and there is a connection between the world of science and technology and the English language (CELANI, 2008). The technological higher education context, therefore, provides a rich environment for investigations considering the language teaching process, especially English. Actions are needed to adjust language teaching to the requirements of this context (ALMEIDA FILHO, 2008). Commonly, studies on needs analysis, which guide the planning of language courses for specific purposes, focus exclusively on the perspective of learners but, at the beginning of their undergraduate program, these needs may not be clear to them (ANTHONY, 1997; AUGUSTO-NAVARRO et al, 2012). Bearing that in mind, our research aims at discussing the planning of English for specific purposes courses in higher education, taking into account three perspectives: the educational institution, based on its official documents (program and syllabus); learners, considering their interests and perceptions of needs and, finally, the labor market, represented by employers of companies that hire the professionals who graduate from the technological program in focus: Aircraft Maintenance Technology. Data collection was performed using questionnaires and document analysis. The results show that there are similarities and differences, especially between the expectations of learners and the demands of the labor market compared to the objectives presented in the syllabus. Based on the obtained results and on theoretical issues considering language teaching for specific purposes discussed by many authors, we present principles aiming at sensitizing and guiding professionals involved in language for specific purposes course planning.
Decomposição anaeróbia de Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig e Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster em meios com Zn e Pb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Moitas, Marcel Loyo; Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0414158639366574
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Zn and Pb in the anaerobic decomposition of aquatic macrophytes. Considering this purpose, bioassays with Hedychium coronarium coronarium and Urochloa subquadripara from Fazzari and Espraiado lagoons (São Carlos, SP, Brazil) were performed in laboratory. The kinetics of macrophytes detritus decompositions was conducted during 100 days. The pH, electrical conductivity and ratio E4/E6 was measured along this period. This procedure was carried under 6 experimental conditions: C1 (control), C2 (control plus KNO3), Zn95 (95.3 mg.L-1), Zn2 (2.0 mg.L-1), Pb6 (6.0 mg.L-1) and Pb06 (0.06 mg.L-1). Each of these conditions was also tested under two temperatures (15°C and 25°C) with the aim of evaluate the seasonality effect on the process. The organic and inorganic carbon data was fit to a kinetics model. Zinc and lead concentrations decreased the rate of particulate organic carbon loss of H. coronarium, which was observed by lower k4 and kT values. The highest zinc concentration performed the most aggressive effect causing very little loss of particulate organic carbon. Also mineralization of H. coronarium did not occur in any of the experimental conditions including control (C1), which can be associated with antimicrobial effect of some natural products in the plant. The COP loss and the COD increase were possibly related to fermentative microorganisms. The organic carbon breakdown was the only process represented by the mathematical model adopted. Zinc and lead concentrations decreased or increased U. subquadripara refractory organic carbon loss (k4) depending on condition. These differences are probably related to interactions of metals with the macrophyte detritus and humic substances produced along the process, changing thus the bioavailability of metals for heterotrophic microorganisms. Also, the highest zinc concentration condition (Zn95) had a negative effect on mineralization of U. subquadripara, showing that metal can affect mineralization and organic carbon decay independently. Overall, the kinetic model used represented the decomposition dynamics of U. subquadripara. The temperature showed a positive correlation with both plants detritus breakdown. We conclude the Zn and Pb can play a driving force role on the anaerobic decomposition of macrophytes, reducing or inhibiting heterotrophic activity. Also, we conclude that Zn and Pb had different effects for H. coronarium and U. subquadripara. Zinc showed independent effect on mineralization and POC breakdown processes. Finally, metals adsorption on detritus and humic substances are processes that determine its influence on decomposition.
Tensões críticas e culturais em Rilke shake de Angélica Freitas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Hayashi, Gabriel José Innocentini; Santos, Alcides Cardoso dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1331980025109350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9400756978943465
The object of this dissertation is the book of poems Rilke shake, by Angelica Freitas, and the main question that guided our research was: What are the critical and fundamental cultural issues that inform Angelica Freitas s poetical production in Rilke shake? With this question in mind two objectives were followed: a) to accomplish the reading and analysis of the poems and b) to discuss how the tensions between the poetic tradition and the contemporary world are articulated in the poems. These two objectives were interrelated and linked to enable us to create an interpretative key of Rilke shake. Angelica Freitas establishes a dialogue with European, North American and Brazilian modernist traditions and her work shows a belonging to the post-modern world. Eight Poems from the book were discussed in the attempt at investigating which elements indicate such a dialogue. The cultural system in which Freitas s work takes part and constitutes one of the representative examples was then discussed. Our aim was to show that discussing Rilke shake meant also discussing how contemporary critical thinking looks at contemporary poetry, setting the dialectical movement from the particular to the general and back. The systemic approach offers the reader a larger view, allowing him to understand the importance and the value of Rilke shake inside the discussions concerning contemporary poetry.
Trajetórias afetivas, sexuais e reprodutivas de jovens mulheres em vulnerabilidade social: experiências de socialização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) França, Giselli de Oliveira; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7704853766533521
This qualitative research aims to analyze the emotional, sexual and reproductive trajectories of young mothers who have experienced social vulnerability, including the condition of institutional shelters. The goal is to evaluate how young girls perceive the relationship between their life experiences and how they experience sexuality, maternity and affection. The concept of socialization adopts Berger and Luckmann referential, and the gender concept follows the definition of Joan Scott. The methodology of History of Life, within the field of Oral History was adopted. Five interviews with young mothers who had the experience of sheltering next to Sorocaba (SP) were conducted. Two interviews were transcribed in full and deeply examined. In the analysis, the impact of various socializing agents was discussed- public and private, and the social construction of women's identities, especially motherhood. The analysis of the life stories of these young people allows us to understand motherhood as a marker of their sedentarization, who usually have a history marked by nomadism. Moreover, the reports allowed reflections on gender relations, the social and historical construction of the role of women in our society. The absence of programmatic responses referring to this population was discussed, as well.
Desenvolvimento de reator eletroquímico de leito particulado para processo hidrometalúrgico de produção de cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Costa, Pedro Henrique de Britto; Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9718347600666805
Typical hydrometallurgical processes for metal production such as zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt, among others, are carried out in huge electrochemical tankhouses since only low current densities can be applied in order to obtain a good deposit quality. In this work, the development of a new equipment was proposed for metal electrowinning from the leached ore extract aiming to overcome the limitations reported. The two pieces of equipment proposed are called three-dimensional electrochemical reactors with pulsed-bed electrode (PBE) and spouted-bed electrode (SBE), which are composed of small particles that provide a great improvement in specific surface area, using only a small amount of reactor volume, allowing high current densities to be applied, consequently diminishing the need for huge electrowinning tankhouses. An analysis and comparison of these two electrodes were based on the dependent variables current efficiency (CE), energy consumption (EC) and space-time yield (Y), that are considered the most important variables affecting electrochemical processes and reactors. Designs of experiments (DoE) were carried out in order to determine the best conditions achievable and also to obtain a deep understanding of the influences of each variable on the electrowinning process. In order to do that, the current density (i), time of packed bed (tp), time of fluidized bed (tf), sulfuric acid concentration (Cs) and electrode thickness (e) were studied. It was verified that time of fluidized bed has a negative effect on the process and must be reduced to its minimal value, which is 2 s, that is enough to recirculate and mix the particles in order to prevent from electrode clogging and also short-circuit. During the packed bed, best electrodeposition rates are achieved and it must be increased to its maximum possible value. Current density also must be increased in order to prevent from anodic zones during the fluidization step. Once established that low CE values are due to existence of anodic zones, it was clear the need of reducing acid concentration to its minimum value (100 g L-1), since lower values would increase the cell potential (Ecell) and cause a dendritic growth that is the major cause of short-circuit. Finally, the best condition was obtained by the union of all this information, allied with the reduction of electrode thickness, in order to make the overpotential profile more even inside the electrode. Thus, the best condition for copper electrowinning using a PBE was 2600 A m-2 of i, 54 s of tp, 116 g L-1 of H2SO4 and 2.4 cm of electrode thickness, providing 100% of EC, 1.7 kWh kg-1of CE and 76 kg m-3h-1of Y. These values are considered much superiors to those found in the conventional copper electrowinning processes. From this experience, it was decided to study the copper electrowinning using a SBE which also have promising features in this field. In this way, the independent variables current density (i), supporting electrolyte concentration (Cs), pH, electrolyte temperature (T) and electrode thickness (e) were studied. It was verified that, in accordance with the results of PBE, the current density must be increased in order to prevent from anodic zones; more concentrated supporting electrolytes improve CE and also decrease Ecell; low pH values also decrease Ecell, although values lower than 1.0 depreciate CE; and the electrolyte temperature have more impact in the dissolution rate than in the electrodeposition rate. In this case, the electrode thickness doesn t improve much, thus the best condition obtained for copper electrowinning into the SBE was: 1.8 M Na2SO4; pH 1.0; T = 40 ºC and e = 2.1 cm, could achieve 97% EC, 2.7 kWh kg-1 CE and 109 kg m-3h-1 Y. With exception to the energy consumption, the SBE presented a better performance than the conventional reactors used in industry, even better than the PBE, once it worked at 100% CE in many conditions imposed. It also presented very much higher Y values than the PBE. Even though, taking into account the hydrometallurgical industry needs, the PBE presented results that would attend those needs, once cost is the major issue in most of industry. Moreover, a difference of only 100 mV in cell potential is responsible for a big reduction in energy consumption and, consequently, cost of production.
Síntese e avaliação catalítica das zeólitas com estrutura BEA, MFI e MTW na reação de Knoevenagel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Chaves, Thiago Faheina; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406892192390018
The use of zeolites in basic catalysis is small, especially when compared to the numerous applications of material in their acid form. Inside this context, are even smaller the number of studies on the use of as-synthesized zeolites as basic catalysts. Zeolites are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates that have a pores size well-defined. Many of zeolite structures need organic compounds to be synthesized, these compounds are called structure directing agents. Zeolites containing organic cations (as-synthesized) have basic properties and can be used as catalysts in reactions that require this type of catalytic site. In this work were investigated three zeolites structures widely studied in the literature, BEA, MFI and MTW. Zeolites were synthesized with different compositions (ratio Si/Al) in the reaction mixture. Addition to the conventional synthesis were performed modifications using an organosilane (TPOAC - trimethoxysilyl-propyl-octadecylammonio chloride) in the synthesis of structures MFI and MTW. Were obtained, for the three structures, samples with different Si/Al ratios, some of them containing organosilane. The samples were characterized and used as catalysts in the Knoevenagel condensation. For all samples the increase of the Si/Al ratio increased the number of species [≡Si O ][TEA+]. The characterization and catalytic conversion show that for BEA zeolite only one portion of the species [≡Si O ][TEA+] were available for the reaction. The samples modified with organosilane (TPOAC) were the most active, especially with MTW structure. This increased activity is related to the modification that the organosilane promoted on the surface of the particles. The addition of organosilane favored the increase of the Si/Al ratio on the surface and this may be related to better conversion results. In this work, we propose new efficient catalysts, with zeolitic structure, for reactions involving basic sites.
A constituição da fórmula discursiva "cultura de paz": circulação e produção dos sentidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-08-22) Silva, Helena Maria Boschi da; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6333942775772287
Ce travail s inscrit dans le cadre théorique de l Analyse du Discours (AD) française de base énonciative, qui voit la langue comme étant opaque et polysémique et les discours comme des pratiques discursives qui s établissent et se matérialisent dans les dires et les actions, obéissant à des systèmes sémantiques définis historiquement et socialement (cf. MAINGUENEAU, [1984] 2008). Plus spécifiquement, cette recherche a comme base principale la proposition théorico-méthodologique d Alice Krieg-Planque (2003; 2010) sur la notion de formule discursive, qui instrumentalise l analyse de la circulation et de la production de sens de syntagmes qui, linguistiquement figés, se révèlent, dans leurs usages, des lieux de tension, des points de convergence sur diverses questions sociales débattues dans l espace publique. De manière complémentaire, des lectures parallèles dans d autres disciplines contribuèrent à l analyse et à l interprétation des données, parmi lesquelles nous relevons celles liées à la Nouvelle Géographie de Milton Santos (1994; 2000) et ses réflexions sur ce qui est tangent à la période technico-scientifique informationnelle et à l importance des techniques et des pratiques dans notre conception de temps, d espace et, enfin, de société. Nous cherchons à retracer le parcours de ―cultura de paz‖ dans l espace publique brésilien depuis sa genèse institutionnelle jusqu à nos jours, en passant par les conditions de production qui permirent son émergence en 1989, lors du Congrès International sur la Paix dans l Esprit des Hommes, organisé par l UNESCO à Yamoussoukro (Côte d Ivoire), et en vérifiant sa consolidation et son fonctionnement en tant que formule discursive durant la période connue comme étant la Décennie Internationale de la Promotion d'une Culture de la Non-violence et de la Paix au Profit des Enfants du Monde (2001-2010 - ONU). Ainsi, nous souhaitons montrer comment un effet de consensus est produit dans la surface linguistique d un syntagme qui, en circulant, est mobilisé par diverses interprétations qui partent majoritairement du sème central ―vivre ensemble‖ (des personnes, des religions, des partenaires sexuels, avec la nature, etc.). Comme point de départ, nous avons fait un recensement de ses occurrences dans les journaux Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo et Brasil de Fato, diffusés à l échelle nationale, vérifiant ensuite une circulation plus expressive via une vaste recherche réalisée sur des moteurs de recherche, parmi lesquels principalement Google Search décision qui impliqua des considérations d ordre méthodologique qui firent partie de la recherche. Il convient de souligner que nous considérons plus important la diversité de sources plutôt que la quantité et la répétition d occurrences, considérant les cas de plus grande dispersion comme indices importants de la propagation sémantique de ―cultura de paz‖dans l interdiscours et, par conséquent, de sa condition de formule discursive. De cette manière, nous analysons les différentes interprétations qui caractérisent les discours d acteurs sociaux qui mobilisèrent le syntagme, largement utilisé lors de rencontres et dans des documents internationaux et nationaux, englobant diverses questions politiques et sociales, cherchant à vérifier les pratiques qui le figent et qui sont, en même temps, instituées par lui-même, dans un paradoxe constitutif.