Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-11-18"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 16701

Uma história de Dilma Rousseff em imagens na mídia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-18)
Santos, Sidnay Fernandes dos
;
Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2216543407273699
Notre recherche a pour but d’analyser les sens donnés à circuler dans le média journalistique par des photographies du visage de Dilma Rousseff et les probabilités que ces sens se constituent en parcours déontiques d’interprétation. Notre théorie de base est l’Analyse du Discours d’orientation française, principalement l’approche de Dominique Maingueneau (2007b ; 2008 ; 2010 ; 2014a), mais nous recourons aussi à l’approche anthropologique au sujet de l’histoire du visage, proposée par Courtine et Haroche (1988) et à une discussion théorique au sujet de la photographie et du photojournalisme. Méthodologiquement, nous nous appuyons sur la notion de récit d’événement, proposée par Guillaumou (2009), et sur la notion de parcours, présentée par Maingueneau (2008) et nous visitons une archive que nous délimitons à partir de l’événement Élections Présidentielles Brésiliennes de l’année 2010 et, par extension, la première année de Gouvernement de la première femme présidente du Brésil. Nous organisons notre matériel au moyen de « l’intrigue narrative » qui aborde la proximité politique entre Dilma Rousseff et Lula qui est narrativisée par le ton de la contradiction et, pour cela, nous nommons Dilma marionnette versus Dilma autonome. Avec pour base ce récit discursif, nous mobilisons des textes qui ont circulé dans les plus divers médiums (revues et journaux imprimés ; revues et journaux en ligne ; blogs) dans les entre-deux de la campagne électorale et de la première année de gouvernement. Nous vérifions comment deux positionnements discursifs antagoniques - Dilma Rousseff traitée dysphoriquement et Dilma Rousseff présentée d’une façon euphorique - se servent d’images photographiques pour construire un parcours interprétatif donné et nous constatons que, dans la sphère de l’activité journalistique, le visage ne parle pas par lui-même, mais il est, au premier plan, « parlé » par une institution médiatique donnée. Les discours qui signifient la relation entre Lula et Dilma Rousseff négativement se centrent sur le sème /Dépendance/, tandis que les discours opposés se centrent sur le sème /Partenariat/. Ainsi, à l’intérieur de ces discours, deux parcours interprétatifs se constituent déontiquement : celui qui présente Dilma Rousseff comme une candidate et présidente dépendante/filleule politique/marionnette qui n’a pas de compétence pour gouverner le pays et celui qui signifie Dilma comme une candidate et présidente partenaire du Gouvernement Lula et compétente pour gouverner le Brésil. Nous constatons encore que la photographie dans le média journalistique brésilien fait abstraction de l’histoire et cela justifie le fait de la grande récurrence de citations et de reprises d’images, dont nous analysons le parcours de circulation. Notre recherche indique encore la viabilité de la théorie de Dominique Maingueneau pour travailler sur la matérialité imagétique.
Biologia e genética de Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Mustelidae): uma revisão e ensaio a respeito do uso de marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-18)
Oliveira, Raphael de
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is one of the 13 species of otter and has one of the widest geographic distribution, occurring from the north of Mexico until northern Argentina. Along its distribution the species, inhabits a variety of habitats facing different environmental quality levels. The availability of food and places to build burrows are the key factors to its occurrence. The species is defined as top predator and because its generalist habits, it has been suggested as a community structure species. Although the species tend to be generalist it shows a preferences for fishes and crustaceans in its diet. Its IUCN classification (data deficient) is based mainly on studies related to its diet and habitat use. Nevertheless, information about the species still have too much gaps in relation to populations studies, current distribution and environment requirements. This paper aims to review the current status and species information with the purpose of propose future conservation actions for the species, and therefore propose further information to enable a most appropriate classification on the conservation status of the neotropical otter.
Suporte especializado de hardware para geração automática de loop pipelining em FPGAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-19)
Souza, Guilherme Stefano Silva de
;
Fernandes, Marcio Merino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7278634019537967
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9579251667291494
Loop pipelining is a technique that may offer significant performance improvements, being employed not only in conventional compilation targeting microprocessors, but also by High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools, targeting heterogeneous architectures and hardware accelerators. This work presents a specialized hardware support aiming at facilitate compilation tasks for HLS tools, along with potential advantages in execution performance and total silicon area employed. Two specialized hardware modules are presented: a queue register file and an instruction predication control module.
Determinação dos nucleotídeos inosina 5’monofosfato (5’imp) e guanosina 5’ monofosfato (5´gmp) em extrato industrial de levedura utilizando a quimiometria e a espectrofotometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-20)
Pereira, Regina Andréia Ferrari
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
It has being proposed in this paper, a spectrophotometric method to determine simultaneously the compounds Inosine 5 'monophosphate (5'IMP) and guanosine 5' monophosphate (5'GMP) in extracts of dry yeast (final product) and process samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique combined with chemometric tools. Nowadays, 5’IMP and 5’GMP can be determined by chromatographic methods which have high operational costs (equipment, consumables and maintenance) and require more time due to the time spent in obtaining the results. Thus, developing methods that provide a fast quantification of compounds at a lower cost is important from the industrial point of view, mainly regarding processes control. The 5’IMP and 5’GMP have absorption wavelength very close (248 and 253nm, respectively), with UV-Vis spectrum overlap. Pirouette software version 4.5 was used to apply chemometric tools, using chromatographic results for the calibration of the regression models. The experimental procedure was based in dilution of the samples and obtaining spectra in the range of 200 to 350 nm. Exploratory analysis was applied from the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and method of calibration PLS (Partial Least Squares). Three types of pre-processing were used to calculate the PLS models: normalization of the spectrum, first derivative and centering the datas. The calibrating models were validated with different samples from the ones used in the models. The proposed method sets up a simple and low cost strategy to identify the compounds 5’IMP and 5’GMP derivatives from yeast samples increasing the process assertivity, and company productivity.
Investigação do processo de corrosão do aço API 5L_X65 em meio de bicarbonato e cloreto utilizando serie temporal de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
Fraga, Eduardo Fagiani
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5044362786141483
The carbon steel corrosion process used at in machines and pipelines of oil fields is mainly attributed to the presence of CO2, and H2S dissolved at solution. These compounds usually can to carry the corrosion type more common in this system: the pit corrosion. Depending on operation conditions of the pipe (pressure, temperature), the formation of different corrosion products can occur, as iron carbonate (FeCO3). So, this work presents a pit corrosion study of the API 5L_X65 carbon steel in carbonate solution and different chloride concentrations. The measurements were made at steel samples with and without any heat treatment. The corrosion process was evaluated using the techniques of chronopotentiometry of zero current, to measure the open circuit potential (Eoc), the polarization curve (PC) and chronoamperometry (CA). In all cases was evaluated in situ the metallic surface using an optical microscope (OM). The in situ images were separated into a sequence of micrographs and processed with Image-J software to convert the image into quantitative information. The pits were selected by adjusting the image histogram (Threshold) and then the images were binarized to separate the bottom (steel) from the object (the pits). This procedure makes it possible to quantify black (bit 1) and white (bit 0) regions, to determine which part has been corroded relate the area and number of punctual attacks. The time series of image was acquired at 3 and 120 frames min-1 during the Eoc and CA, respectively. The Eoc was monitored for 9000 s or until its stabilization and the CA was performed polarizing the electrode at 350 mV more positive than Eoc obtained. The electrolyte used was a solution of 0.1 mol L- 1 NaHCO3 and NaCl chloride at different concentrations. A factorial design was made by varying the concentration of chloride ions at 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 3.75% (w / w) and the temperature was 18.5, 25.0, 40.0, 55.0 and 62.5 °C. In all measurements the Eoc initially presented abrupt drop and after stabilized at potential near -0.69 V. The micrographs in situ obtained during CA showed the formation of pits but it has not been possible to relate the corrosion rate increases with temperature and ion solution increase. Passivation of the surface was observed with the aid of OM considering a slight darkening of the metal surface. The characterization of the films was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the formation of a film over whole surface and pitting occurs at some points, indicating that corrosion occurs in two forms, localized and generalized.
Estudo teórico de propriedades estruturais e elétricas de filmes automontados de moléculas orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
Savedra, Ranylson Marcello Leal
;
Moura, André Farias de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0829211645021412
Compact models of ionized and nonionized Langmuir monolayers of stearic acid adsorbed on the water were simulated by means of atomistic molecular dynamics. The electrostatic, structural and dynamic properties of the molecules of models were studied throughout time evaluating the calculated trajectory. The structural analyses indicate a significant increase of the water density at the interface in comparison to the bulk aqueous phase. These results also showed that the water molecules near the interface orient hydrogen atoms toward to organic phase. The distribution of water molecules at interface neutralizes partially the charges of the polar group of stearic acid, reducing the contribution of this group of the electrostatic potential in the monolayer. The charge densities indicated two possible mechanisms of partial charges neutralization on the head of stearic acid. At low stearate concentrations, the water had the highest positive charge density contribution at the interface. However, the positive charge density is predominantly derived from monovalent ions of sodium at electrical double layer, for the monolayers with more than 30 % of the stearate in the organic phase. It was observed that water molecules at the interface have lower mobility than the bulk aqueous phase, especially those coordinating around the carbonyl group and the stearate of the organic phase.
Câmara de Wilson eletrônica para o auxílio na aprendizagem de física moderna no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
D'Andrea, Alexandre Dimas Queiroz
;
Barros, Marcelo Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8492073994763872
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996032276970027
The introduction of the Teaching of Modern and Contemporary Physics (MCP) in the curriculum of the middle school in Brazil evidenced the need to adapt the activities didacticpedagogical in the classroom, in order to reposition the cognitive and interpretative attitude of the student in a society where technology is an integral part of his daily. In this process of adequacy and implementation of this didactic transposition, teachers have been facing some epistemological obstacles and didactic difficulties. This present work had as objective the development of an Educational Instrument to help in the teaching-learning process of MCP, mainly those related to the topics of Structure of Matter, Radioactivity, Cosmic Rays and Elementary Particles. It follows an epistemological obstacle related to the phenomenology associated with the proposed contents, since they refer to structures and physical phenomena that are not easily and directly observable in the student's everyday life. In this sense, this present work proposes the construction of an Electronic Wilson Cloud Chamber, inspired by the Wilson Cloud Chamber and the Langsdorf s Diffusion Chamber, but using easily obtainable materials and that can be built without great difficulties by teacher. There are several tutorials for constructing them, but the main feature of such chambers is the formation of temperature gradient using solid carbon dioxide (dry ice). However, this product is not easily found, besides being highly sublimable, hindering their storage and large loss occurring overnight. The Electronic Chamber proposed here circumvents this problem by introducing the concept of electronic cooling by electronic solid state thermoelectric modules (Peltier effect), facilitating its transport and use in the classroom. The Educational Instrument shall then be presented to the students in a context of Education by Research or Investigative Methodology, given that many authors advocate the practical activity, laboratorial, the observation exercise and the investigative thinking as being valuable tools from didactic point of view.
Análise bayesiana objetiva para as distribuições normal generalizada e lognormal generalizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
Jesus, Sandra Rêgo de
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0092258556747592
The Generalized Normal (GN) and Generalized lognormal (logGN) distributions are flexible for accommodating features present in the data that are not captured by traditional distribution, such as the normal and the lognormal ones, respectively. These distributions are considered to be tools for the reduction of outliers and for the obtention of robust estimates. However, computational problems have always been the major obstacle to obtain the effective use of these distributions. This paper proposes the Bayesian reference analysis methodology to estimate the GN and logGN. The reference prior for a possible order of the model parameters is obtained. It is shown that the reference prior leads to a proper posterior distribution for all the proposed model. The development of Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) is considered for inference purposes. To detect possible influential observations in the models considered, the Bayesian method of influence analysis on a case based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used. In addition, a scale mixture of uniform representation of the GN and logGN distributions are exploited, as an alternative method in order, to allow the development of efficient Gibbs sampling algorithms. Simulation studies were performed to analyze the frequentist properties of the estimation procedures. Real data applications demonstrate the use of the proposed models.
Os intelectuais da libertação e o intercâmbio educativo: uma leitura gramsciana da Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira (1972 - 1986)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
Reis, Egberto Pereira dos
;
Rothen, José Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7689635605346521
This thesis has, as research objective, the Eclesiastic Brazilian REB Magazine,during the period 1972-1986, and how a group of intellectuals interacts in a specific ideology, establishing an educational proposal together with the Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs). It was raised the hypothesis that the magazine can be a source of understanding and a diffusing way of the intellectual and moral reform and, also, an instrument in search of hegemony. Therefor, as a theoretical reference, it was used Antonio Gramsci s way of thinking, who, in his work Caderno do Cárcere developed a valuable study of magazines. For Gramsci, the importance of the magazines exceeds the purely academic question constituted of the dialectical relationship between intellectuals and working class. It was used, mainly, the concept of war for position to understand the quest for hegemony within the church and state. Thus, this thesis aims to explain how the ideology of libertation of theology was elaborated, explaining its main sources and currents of thoughts, that offer theoretical soundness to this theology. To understand the educational principle, it was analyzed, starting from the concept of positional war, how are waged the hegemony disputes regarding the intellectuals from REB, in a confrontation with the civil society and with the church structure itself. Thus, the concept of organic intellectual was the foundation to identify the intellectuals who published in the magazines and acted in the civil society. The identification of these actors contributed to analyze which disputes were conducted and if in fact, happened the exchange of knowledge, producing, this way, the educational principle. The methodology used was the bibliographic literature having as main source the magazine itself with its editorials and articles. The bibliometric analysis was also used as a way to measure the magazine gathering important informations to understand the type of intellectual his titration on the issues addressed forming a group with the same liberating bias. The thesis seeks to demonstrate, through REB, the existence of a group,that forms a relatively cohesive movement in the search for political, economic and social liberation. In order to do so, it was set up an educational relationship between the people of CEB and the intellectuals, this is the educational principle elaborated by Antonio Gramsci. As a result the education/educator experience was required for the exchange of knowledge between the intellectual and regular people establishing this way, the educational reciprocity. The consequences of these disputes were the presence of a theology that became a reference for intellectual production and especially it identifies itself with the people of BEC in a dialectical party movement according to the Gramsci s notion.The intellectuals of REB, together with people of the grassroots communities formed a Party committed to the social issues in an attempt to change the superstructure.
Aspectos quali-quantitativos da arborização urbana da Área Norte do campus da UFSCar, São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21)
Lessi, Bruno Flório
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9619343126837729
The urban trees plays an important role in providing a wide range of economic, ecological and social benefits. This study was carried out to analyze the urban trees of the North area of the Federal University of São Carlos campus by performing a tree inventory to assist in planning and management of this. The survey was conducted based on the General UFSCar Map - Campus San Carlo (2013), which used a random sampling for the individual analysis of each individual component of urban trees. The survey consisted information as the name of the species, origin, conflicts, physical damage, size, planting, phytosanity, integrity and functionality. As a result, we found 4193 individuals composing the afforestation of North campus area, where they were identified to species level in 2548 individuals, the community consists of 130 species belonging to 107 genera and 46 families, among species, 52 were as local native, native 13 from other regions of Brazil and 65 exotic to Brazil. For technical analysis were sampled 1422 individuals. 18.9% of individuals were found presenting conflicts with urban infrastructure and 53.7% with physical injury by pruning. The urban trees is mostly with good physical integrity, with low numbers of risks and fitossanidades. The mapping was an issue for space indication of individuals enabling an analysis of its composition and distribution. Also reveals the need for planning for better conflict management and management of trees, which can be started with the information generated in this work.
Colaboração da educação especial em sala de aula: formação nas práticas pedagógicas do coensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24)
Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
So that a sort of education can meet the needs of all students, it is necessary to think of strategies that seek success in learning. Among the supports for the Educational Target is the proposal of collaborative learning, which is when the regular class teacher works in collaboration with the teacher of the special education in the planning, implementation and evaluation of students teaching. In this sense, the general objective of the study presented here was to build proposals for collaboration in teaching practices of the Special Education teacher in the regular school classroom, which already had an ongoing co-teaching deployment initiative. Specifically, the study aimed to: (a) identify collaborative evidence from the teacher of Special Education and the ordinary classroom one; (b) develop and conduct a teacher training program for performance in co-teaching; (c) assess their training performed with Special Education Teachers (d) provide training spaces on the proposal for co-teaching to discuss and strengthen such support. In this sense, the present study is based on the type of collaborative action research, a kind of research that has been widely used in education, meeting the growing demand so that the academic research is more useful and practical. The development of the study involved four nonlinear steps, which were differentiated in this work to elucidate the journey made during the investigation: (a) Preliminary Step: ethical procedures implementations; (b) Step I: Initial Information Search; (c) Step II: Development and Implementation of the Training Programme and (e) Step III: Training program evaluation and training of subjects as mediators. The direct research participants were six teachers of Special Education. The context illustrates the beginning of a Special Education Teacher job in co-teaching perspective, however, it points out that it happens experimentally. The municipality has experienced this model of collaborating teaching, from its relationship with the university and the rich results that have been brought by this action for the students who are target of the Special Education. For activities with the regular class teacher, it is understood that another function should be performed; one that is differentiated from single previous models proposed with the activities in the resource multifunctional room, necessitating of a specific training for this initial contact and for the learning of the collaboration proposal, from the perspective of the research subjects. Thus, this support to the proposed co-teaching is characterized by being adaptive, therefore it requires time to contextual changes. Such a proposal must be intentionally cultivated or developed and must also be considered in the training processes, both initial and continuing through the professional practice which allows the practice and reflection on it. The fact that these proposals have been adopted by the municipal public policies of São Carlos facilitated the process of co-teaching and made the city to become one of the pioneers in the exercise of coteaching as a public policy in Brazil. To conclude this work, it is stated as a thesis that collaborative learning is one of the necessary supports to strengthen the proposed school inclusion, arguing that the student who is a Special Education Target has the right to education specialist support within the regular classroom, and the collaboration between the Special Education professional with the regular teacher is essential to build this inclusive space, taking into account the specificities of each professional and the formative character of these everyday exchanges.
Propriedades físicas e de adesão bacteriana de uma resina composta fotopolimerizável modificada com nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24)
Neves, Patrícia Bolzan Agnelli das
;
Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261719492756858
The evaluation of new materials and biomaterials modified with silver nanoparticles is a line of research that has been gaining strength in various knowledge areas including dentistry. Even considering international scientific publications, however, there are still few studies evaluating dental restoration materials that are modified with silver nanoparticles. Proposal: this study aimed to compare a photopolymerizable composite resin modified with an antimicrobial silver nanoparticle additive (an experimental resin), with the photopolymerizable composite resin in its unmodified form (a commercially available dental restoration material), by evaluating the in vitro antibacterial properties and also some of the primary physical properties of the resin. Methodology: composite resin disks were made for three experimental groups: unmodified resin (control group) and modified resin with different silver nanoparticle concentrations: 0.3% and 0.6% wt (groups 1 and 2). The antibacterial activity on the surface of the samples was evaluated by in vitro growth of of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms in a 20% sucrose medium, which is followed by counting the viable cells from the biofilms through serial dilutions after three incubation periods - 1, 4 and 7 days (n = 9). Optical transmittance was tested to measure the percentage of transmittance in the samples (n = 9). The surface roughness was evaluated using Atomic Force Microscopy (n = 9). The colour of the samples and the colour difference between the groups was measured in a colorimetry test according to the CIELab system. The presence of silver in the nanoparticle additive was analysed using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The quality of the dispersion and distribution of silver on the samples was analysed using Transmission Microscopy. The liberation of silver in artificial saliva was also evaluated in vitro after three incubation periods (60, 120 and 210 days) with agitation of the samples, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. Results: for the three incubation times, the number of viable cells was statistically lower in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (p < 0.05), and groups 1 and 2 were not statistically different (p > 0.05) for the two bacterial species (ANOVA Two way/Tukey). There was no significant difference in optical transmittance between group 1 and the control (p > 0.05), and group 2 had a lower transmittance value than the other groups (p < 0.05) (ANOVA/Tukey). The analysis of the values of the arithmetic roughness, which was obtained using the NanoScope software, showed that there was no significant difference in surface roughness between the three groups (p > 0.05) (ANOVA/Tukey). From the measurements of the colours, the total colour difference (ΔE) between all of the groups was higher than 1 (the minimum value that represents a colour alteration perceptible to human vision) and lower than 3,3 (critical ΔE). The presence of silver in the nanoparticle additive was confirmed in the X-Ray Fluorescence test. Microscopic analysis showed good distribution of silver for groups 1 and 2 (with silver in the four quadrants of the regions analysed). The dispersion was better for group 1 than for group 2 (which showed a higher number of particle clusters). After the three incubation times, silver was not detected in the artificial saliva for the three groups or; if it was present, the concentration was below the limit of detection for this technique (< 0.02 mg/L). Conclusions: the antibacterial property on the surfaces of the experimental resins was verified for the two cariogenic bacteria considered. Furthermore, the addition of silver did not cause negative alterations to the resin modified with the lower concentration of nanoparticles, which makes the continuation of this study possible and valuable.
Obtenção de nanofibrilas de celulose de árvores pioneiras amazônicas e processamento de nanobiocompósitos de PHBV/nanofibrilas de celulose de eucalipto no estado fundido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24)
Uieda, Beatriz
;
Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1797416010637949
This research project aimed to develop high value-added products such as biodegradable composites reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) making use of Amazonian pioneer plant species, useful in restoration of degraded forest areas. The initial objective was to obtain CNF from two pioneer species (Ochroma pyramidale and Spathelia excelsa) using a friction milling process. The oxidation effect of the bleached fibers mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) on the efficiency of the mechanical defibrillation process was studied. CNF were successfully obtained and the oxidation process favored a higher degree of defibrillation. The morphology analysis allowed the observation of CNF with smaller diameter and more dispersed. The final crystalinity index of the oxidized CNF was decreased, according to X-ray diffraction results, but its thermal stability was not altered, as observed by thermogravimetry (TG). Another objective of this study was to develop nanocomposites of a biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) matrix reinforced with eucalyptus CNF through melt processing. CNF were mixed in aqueous solution in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and then were freeze-dried and milled for feeding in a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding. The influence of CNF and PEO on the crystallinity index and crystallization rate of PHBV, as well as the mechanical, thermal, dynamic-mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. A small increase in mechanical properties in the presence of CNF was observed, limited by the agglomeration of CNF during the drying process, even in the presence of PEO. From the thermal analysis, it can be concluded that the CNF acted as a nucleating agent for PHBV, accelerating its crystallization. The thermal stability of the PHBV did not change in the presence of CNF and PEO, as revealed by TG.
Políticas públicas em educação: o curso de formação de professores do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24)
Medeiros, Tiago Batista
;
Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3278376841713523
There are some arguments about the importance of education in the formative process of the population, once it can diminish inequalities and to boost the economic, social and cultural development of a nation. High-quality public education is a complex universe which is impossible to understand through a single perspective. Thus, the motivation for this research was the comprehension of what was being practiced in in the bigger public school system of the country. The Curso de Formação Específica (Specific Content Degree Course), an education public policy was offered by Escola de Formação de Professores (EFAP), from 2010 to2012, as the third phase of the public selection that hired teachers for basic education, back in 2010. The selection was part of a program called Programa Mais Qualidade na Escola which integrated other alike programs implemented during José Serra s tenure as a governor in São Paulo, from 2007 to 2010. The referred program was a public policy demanded through a social claim for better education in the state. The Specific Content Degree Course was designed having the official curriculum as basis, which was established considering the data provided by SAEB and ENEM, among other evaluation tests that happened in 2007. The development of the Specific Content Degree Course aimed to provide a better capacitation for newly hired teachers based on the official curriculum. Thus, the main goal of the course was to present the curriculum to the teachers, offering a familiar approach. More importantly, they were presented to the curricular proposal that guided the teaching practice on their specific area. Considering the panorama above, it is important to highlight the proposal here is to analyze and verify if the course achieved the goals proposed by the govern education department. We have analyzed the first experience of the Specific Content Degree Course, considering the perspective of the professionals (EFAP) who conceived it, as well as the perspective of the teachers who attended the course. The analysis of both perspectives is important to verify whether the goals of the course were achieved or not; if it has contributed to the formation of the professionals and, furthermore, if their personal goals were somehow achieved within the course. The purpose of the analysis is to confront these different perspectives in order to understand how this public policy is comprehended by the involved ones. The relation between the mentioned actors and the already referred public policy is called Avaliação de Resultados (Assessment Results) (DRAIBE, 2001) in the Public Policy studies and is also the content of this thesis.
Avaliação da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar para produção de hidrogênio em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado em condição mesofílica: efeito de co-substrato, TDH, e concentração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-25)
Reis, Cristiane Marques dos
;
Silva, Edson Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438080540876126
study evaluated the production of hydrogen and methane from sugarcane vinasse in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. Two fluidized bed reactors filled with expanded clay were operated under two different concentrations: R5 (5 gCOD.L-1) and R10 (10 g.CODL-1). During the first stage, glucose was used as the primary carbon source. Along the first step vinasse was added from 0% to 100% of the organic source under HRT of 6 h. In a second step with 100% of sugarcane vinasse, HRT was reduced to 4, 2 and 1 h. In another reactor R15 (15 gCOD.L-1) it was varied the substrate (100% glucose; 50 % glucose/ 50 % vinasse; 100 % vinasse) under HRT of 8 h. All reactors were operated in room temperature and a sludge from the treatment of swine wastewater was used. It was not observed methane production in R15. Hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield reached, respectively: 0,01 L.h-1.L-1 e 0,10 mmolH2.g-1COD added. In reactors R5 and R10, biogas was formed by H2 and CO2 when glucose was present in the feed. Methane was formed when vinasse became the main substrate. The best operating condition occurred under HRT of 1 h, vinasse 100% at a concentration of 5 gCOD. L-1 with a hydrogen production rate of 0.57 L.h.-1L-1. As regards the yield, the best condition was under HRT of 6 h when the affluent comprised vinasse and glucose (3:1) reaching an yield of 3.07 mmolH2.g-1CODadded. Methane production in acidic conditions showed that the methanogens have adapted to a slightly acidic pH of 4.5. The principal metabolites were ethanol, butyric acid, propionic acid and methanol. Microbial characterization revealed the presence of Prevotella and Megasphaera belonging to the domain Bacteria and Methanobacterium and Methanosphaera belonging to the Archaea domain.
Estudo da cominuição na solubilidade da rocha fosfática Bayóvar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-25)
Plotegher, Fábio
;
Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5490465071052251
Phosphorus is a vital element for both animals and plants. In recent decades, the population growth boosted the production of food and technologies applied to the crops. The intense use of land for monoculture depletes the soil nutrients rapidly, requiring its replacement with fertilizer. Among the main macronutrients, phosphorus is the least required by plants. However, it is the one that most limits productivity in Brazilian soils, mainly because iron and aluminum ions in the soil immobilize this nutrient. The use of phosphate rocks in crops has been studied in recent years as an attempt to control the release of phosphorus in the soil. The present research aimed at studying the kinetics of phosphate release. Analysis were carried out on samples of milled phosphate rock and synthetic samples of two apatites. The results were compared to the kinetic analysis of a high solubility phosphate fertilizer widely used in the fields. The study was divided in three stages: the physical-chemical characterization of the simple superphosphate fertilizer; the physical-chemical characterization of the phosphate rock; and the characterization of apatite s synthetic phases. The results confirmed that the phosphate fertilizer has a phase already quite soluble in water. Through the calculated kinetic parameters it was observed that with a short milling time it was possible to increase the nutrient release. This study served mainly to determine the conditions of the test and also to confirm that the mechanical activation is one way to increase the solubility of less soluble materials. The results of the Bayóvar rock characterization showed that its major mineral phase is apatite which has a low solubility in water. Solubility tests in citric acid showed increased solubility of the material when increasing the milling time, with top system performance (mill/jar and alumina balls) in 20 minutes. As what happened to the fertilizer, the mechanical activation played a significant role to increase the material solubility, even with the material being little soluble. The mineralogical phase of phosphate is also crucial to the success of the release. To check if the mineralogical phase in fact influences the release kinetics, the isolated phases of two apatites were studied. Hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite samples were synthesized via coprecipitation and the particles were grown by hydrothermal treatment, varying time and temperature. The characterizations showed success in the synthesis of samples via co-precipitation. The results of XRD, SEM and BET also showed that temperature was more influential on the crystal growth than on the changes in its morphology. xii Solubility tests, also with citric acid, showed that indeed the mineralogical phase of phosphate is important and will be decisive in the choice of possible rock or natural phosphates to be used for direct soil fertilization.
Metodologia iterativa e modelos integradores para desenvolvimento de jogos sérios de treinamento e avaliação de desempenho humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-25)
Rocha, Rafaela Vilela da
;
Araujo, Regina Borges de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1845113331963646
Training aims to improve the professional competences (knowledge, skills and attitudes) and it is essential particularly in risk activities to the life, property and environment. Due to the risk and cost of traditional practical training, serious games, which reproduce systems, processes and real-world objects in a safe virtual environment has been used as an effective tool for learning and training or motivation to learning, and support for assessment during and post-action. On the other hand, the development of serious games is a complex process, has development high cost (time, money, resources), need highly qualified professionals, who hold requirements of learning, assessment, simulation and game itself. Different methodologies have emerged for developing serious games, however, in general, they do not include the different dimensions and need to be combined and balanced with other methodologies to achieve the training and assessment objectives. This thesis presents a novel iterative methodology (named DevJSTA) for the development of serious games for training and human performance assessment (named JSTA), which integrates multidisciplinary teams by providing guidelines, artifacts, game elements and simulation models (formalisms of discrete events, automata and Fuzzy logic) to integrate and include concepts such as effective and experiential learning in serious games, besides providing feedback during the simulation and at the end. This methodology DevJSTA describes the professional roles, the development life cycle, the generated products and the technologies and tools that can be used to create these products, as well as a support architecture and generic components. The main differential of this methodology is its holistic approach that integrates pedagogical principles of learning and assessment in the development of simulation. The methodology was evaluated through interviews with software engineering experts, serious games developers and domain experts. The results were positive and confirmed the need of these new methodology that is integrative. To validate the methodology, one JSTA was created to train firefighters to control the cooking gas leak, and to evaluate the trainee’s perception and performance. Serious game fidelity and effectiveness were also validated. Moreover, the serious game development, with the use of the methodology DevJSTA, allowed to evaluate an opportunity for improvement in the current protocol that is used in the Fire Department.
Inventário do ciclo de vida do filme BOPP produzido no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26)
Cunha, Renata Nobre da
;
Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2551330588763978
The growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the possible impacts caused by production processes boost to research methods to better understand and reduce these problems. Assessment Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used technique that seeks to assess the environmental aspects and minimize potential impacts in the life cycle of products or processes. A detailed description of the environmental aspects of the product is called Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), which organizes the input data and output of product or process, considering the raw materials, water and energy consumption, air emissions, liquid effluents, solid waste, among others. Thus, this work presents the ICV flexible polypropylene film (BOPP) produced in Brazil by a company located in the region of Sorocaba, to provide subsidies for the production of BOPP film that contribute to the construction of the LCA database representative of the Brazilian reality. To do this, it used the scope of the "cradle-to-gate", which considers environmental aspects from the extraction of raw materials to the factory gate. They were considered as subsystems of the representative model of the production of BOPP system of petroleum extraction; petroleum refining - production of naphtha; production of propylene; production of PP resin; production of BOPP film; and maritime transport (imported petroleum) and road (PP resin). For the preparation of the inventory, using primary and secondary data, collected in the company producer of BOPP and bibliographical research, respectively. From the inventory analysis, were identified and discussed the most representative environmental aspects (water consumption, energy source and emissions of CO, CO2, particulate matter, SOx, NOx and CxHy) each subsystem inventory of the production of BOPP film under study. The greatest contribution of subsystems for the consumption of water and energy were the production of the resin PP and the production of BOPP film. In all subsystems CO2 emissions was representative, being the propylene production subsystem what else issued, presenting also representing contributions in CO, SOx, NOx and CxHy.
Complexos de metais de transição: aplicações no tratamento e diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26)
Lima, Márcia Valéria Silva
;
Carlos, Rose Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7144772516000295
Currently there are about 35.6 million people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the world, and it is expected that this number will double by 2050. Causes of Alzheimer's disease are not yet known, but their symptoms are characterized the decline of cognitive function result of overactivity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE); and accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (β-A) in the brain of patients. Therefore it is important to the development of drugs that act on the two problems of AD; cognitive decline (inhibition of AChE activity) and the identification of fibrillar aggregates of β-A (creation of new probes). For this purpose have been prepared and tested a series of luminescent complex; cis-[Ru(phen)2(4- ImAC)]PF6, cis-[Ru(phen)2(4-ImAAc)]PF6, cis-[Ru(phen)2(2-Apy)](PF6)2, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ImAA = 4-imidazole acetic acid, ImAC = 4-imidazole carboxylic acid and Apy = 2-aminopyridine. The ruthenium complexes were synthesized, where its structural elucidation and purity were checked by NMR H1 spectroscopy and by microanalysis. The compounds are soluble in aqueous solutions and exhibit an intense and broad absorption and emission in the visible region. The complexes have relatively long life with 1 the order of 100 ns. The complexes showed moderate inhibition against the enzyme AChE, with an IC50 of about 10-20 μmol.L-1. From the images from confocal microscopy was possible to make the location of the complex inside the cells by luminescent emission, where the imidazole compounds were located specifically in the cytoplasmic portion of the cell, unlike the complex with aminopyridine, which was distributed homogeneously throughout cellular portion. It was possible to identify the formation of fibers from measurements of emission of the luminescent complex, since these complexes have intensity of luminescence variable with different types of Aβ aggregation. The fibrils were also confirmed by fluorescence microscopy emission lifetime. From the results of the complexes exhibit high pharmacological potential to the treatment of AD since they can be used in diagnosis (identification of the fibrils) and in the treatment of AD (AChE inhibition).
Efeito do (NaLix)CO3, COM 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, na sinterização e condutividade elétrica do Ce0,8Gd0,2O1,9
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26)
Grzebielucka, Edson Cezar
;
Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7165358114698930
The principles of operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) were merged to create a hybrid device, which can combine the advantages and reduce the disadvantages of both cells, improving the efficiency of energy conversion in stationary power generation devices. Ceria solid electrolytes are among the most promising oxide ion conductors for intermediate temperature SOFC operating at 550-650 °C with high efficiency. However, their major disadvantages is related to Ce4+ to Ce3+ reduction, which occurs at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures. Another drawback in using ceria solid solutions is the poor sinterability which requires high temperatures (1400-1600 °C) to achieve high densification (>95 %), makes the manufacturing process costly. Besides, the MCFC exhibits issues such as lifetime due to the corrosive electrolyte formed from the lithium, potassium and sodium carbonates leading to leaks. To improve the characteristics of both cell includes reducing the operating temperature of the device and the sintering temperature of the electrolyte. In the present work, the approach was to reproduce the electrical behavior of composite sintering temperatures at 600 °C, by preparing gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) with lithium and sodium carbonate (MC) samples through oxides mixture. After the electrical behavior reproducibility and the efficiency of the processing method, the effects of sodium carbonate (CS) and MC additions on GDC sintering at higher temperatures than 900 °C were investigated. The sinterability, microstructure and electrical conductivity of pure samples of GDC with CS and MC were evaluated. Composites with 40 % by volume of MC were effective in densifying GDC allowing densification above 95 % for samples sintered at 1200 °C/1 h with total conductivity at 500 °C of 9,26x10-3 S.cm-1, similar to the GDC sintered at 1400 °C/1 h (7,57x10-3 S.cm-1), demonstrating that MC had a positive effect on the densification without compromising electrical conductivity.