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Proposta metodológica para o escopo da avaliação ambiental estratégica no contexto da fronteira agrícola brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-04)
Berti, Maria José Ferreira
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4882962053111789
The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an important tool for the integration of environmental dimension to elaborate Policies, Plans and Programs (PPPs). The SEA may contribute to the elaboration of Plans and Programs (PPs) in the agricultural sector, inserting values which are led to sustainability. In SEA, the scope is crucial for the proper fulfillment of the other steps, ensuring that the planning process from the start integrates environmental and social issues. The stage of the scoping establishes the focus and content of the SEA and the basic and relevant criteria for evaluation. In this context, the present study aims to present subsidies, through a proposal for guidelines for the development of SEAs scope step for plans and programs - PPs - the agricultural sector in the Brazilian Amazon, more specifically in the North and Northeast State of Mato Grosso, which are inserted in agricultural frontier areas in the Cerrado and in their transition to the Amazon biome. Due to the expansion of the agricultural sector in these regions, critical situations were identified in relation to environmental issues, such as accelerated deforestation, fires, loss of biodiversity and the decline in the level of quality of water and soil. These critical situations are related to actions induced by many PPs deployed in the region and SEA is a proper tool to evaluate the relationship between the development options of the agricultural sector in a sustainable manner in relation to natural resources and the effects resulting therefrom. The methodology used in the research was literature review, identifying support methodologies for the preparation of defining the scope of an SEA in the national and international context, collection of secondary data in government institutions, preparation of an environmental baseline and to hold two workshops with a multidisciplinary team of experts. Using driven approach baseline (baseline-led) a sequence of procedures was developed to provide subsidies to the definition of SEAs scope. It was sought to observe both the guiding principles of the European Directive 042/2001/CE and the a practical guide to the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive of Office of the Deputy Prime Minister-ODPM of 2005, as well as to be based on the current good practices, checked in the bibliography review and in the analyzed case studies. The research main results are the context definition for SEA, the survey of the main PPs of the agricultural sector and the Interfering strategic actions, such as the energy and transportation, the environmental baseline construction, the identification of fundamental environmental themes and their indicators; and the elaboration of a matrix of identification and valuation of the environmental effects, which assist to identify relevant issues to define the SEA strategic objectives.
Educação, trabalho e ideologia : análise da relação agronegócio e educação na região de Ribeirão Preto SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-04)
Junqueira, Victor Hugo
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Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3151153500467324
This dissertation aimed mainly at understanding the relationship between agribusiness and education, taking as territorial clipping region of Ribeirão Preto - SP. Starting from the transformations of capitalist agriculture and the world of work this goal was divided into two complementary analytical perspectives, the first boils down to understanding how the agribusiness expresses the current ideology of capitalism in the countryside and the school uses space to persuade and convince society that their particular values are universal. The completion of this stage of the research occurred through examination of two projects developed in basic education in the area of study: Agribusiness Project at the School of the Brazilian Agribusiness Association of Ribeirão Preto (ABAG- RP) and the Project AGORA of Industry Union sugar cane (UNICA). In a second step we investigated whether the material conditions for the expansion of higher education in agribusiness and pedagogical proposals that give them support, based on the proposed curriculum degree in Agribusiness Technology in the Faculty of Technology of the State of São Paulo - FATEC. The research was grounded in the dialectical historical materialism in all its stages, from the analysis of the development of capitalism in the countryside in the region of Ribeirão Preto, passing through the understanding of the concept of ideology in the writings of Marx and Engels, Lenin, Gramsci and Althusser to the examining the relationship between work and education. The results show a new phase of development of capitalist relations of production, with further deepening of the contradictions and inequalities in the field. In this sense, agribusiness looking through different ideological apparatuses, including education ensure social support to continue having access to state credit and infrastructure policies. In addition, these changes are require technical training and special professional for the activities of the sector, whose state's role is crucial in the internalization of the costs of reproduction of the classification of a diverse workforce and ideologically subject to the rule of capital.
Museu da Energia de Itu-SP: um estudo sobre a incorporação de recursos tecnológicos que estimulem a preservação patrimonial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Dutra, Carolina Corrêa
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5412846884406417
The present study seeks to evaluate how technological advances can be useful to patrimonial education in museums, without confront their patrimonial identity The increasing globalization and technological advances are changing the media, making the information more accessible and acting as an agent of social inclusion. Patrimonial Education aims to inform the individual about patrimony preservation and his legacy. One of the main factors of damage to historical and cultural patrimony is its disqualification as a source of reference for local identity, created by an absence of information about their importance and increased by a crescent invasion of foreign cultures, which can lead to lose their local identity.
Análise da interação entre ordenamento territorial e biodiversidade: estudo de caso em Villavicencio (Meta, Colômbia)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Ortiz-Moreno, Martha Lucia
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4346118357974725
The city of Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia) has three physiognomic units inside their 131.020 ha of extension: mountains, foothills and savannah. The relief, orographic rain and the tropical temperature have a plenty of abiotic resources, which determine the species diversification. However, human influence is a threat to biodiversity due to deforestation, urban growth and disordered mineral exploration. There are currently 11 species of plants and 62 animal species with some degree of endangerment on the city, distributed in the three physiognomic units. Thus, the objective of this research was to make a proposal to insert biodiversity conservation in the municipal Landplane of Villavicencio. The analyses of usage and land cover between 1988 and 2013 show that the city is leaving the agriculture to one side due to the increasing of extensive cattle ranching, which comes to occupy 58.4% of the territory extending from savannah to the mountain region, where both the fragility of the soil and steep slopes are responsible to cause the loss of natural vegetation cover and accelerate erosion process. These cause the siltation of waterways and threaten the headwaters rivers, where it does the abstraction for human consumption. In parallel, the disorganized sprawl of the urban area follows deteriorating the protected wetlands of the municipality and the current occupation of the territory generates a decrease to the green areas, as well as leisure, home services and mobility. In this scenario, it is proposed to increase the permeability of the countryside and the city, by increasing the quality of the forest fragments and their connectivity by expanding the area of RPA in rivers with water abstraction; recovery of forest cover in conservation units and physiognomic unit in mountain and foothills, along with measures to increase effective public space and mobility, prohibiting conflicting uses in areas with higher environmental fragility of the municipality. These proposals would help for the survival of endangered species and the conservation of local environmental services.
Efeitos do Kinesio taping na cinemática escapular e propriocepção do ombro após fadiga muscular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Zanca, Gisele Garcia
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Mattiello, Stela Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7200122514782641
The shoulder joint complex highly depends on dynamic stabilization and sensorimotor control to maintain its functional stability. It is known that muscle fatigue causes scapular kinematics alterations and proprioceptive deficits, and both are related with shoulder injuries. Kinesio taping (KT) is an elastic taping that has been widely used in rehabilitation and injuries preventions. Several effects have been attributed to KT, including muscle facilitation and improvement of proprioceptive feedback. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of KT on scapular kinematics and shoulder proprioception following a muscle fatigue protocol. This thesis is composed of three studies. The objective of the study I was to investigate the relationship between clavicular movements (elevation and retraction) and the EMG signal recorded on three electrode sites: the traditional positioning (between C7 and the acromion) and two different sites proposed for clavicular fibers evaluation. It was concluded that, although the traditional electrode positioning record the signal from fibers inserted on the acromion, its signal presents high correlation with clavicular movement. Therefore, it can be considered representative in healthy subjects. The study II aimed to investigate the effects of KT for lower trapezius facilitation on three-dimensional scapular kinematics of healthy overhead athletes, following a fatigue protocol consisted of repetitive throwing. Regardless a lower fatigue intensity of serratus anterior when KT was applied with tension compared to no tension, there was no effect of taping on scapular kinematics. Furthermore, although there were statistically significant alterations on scapular kinematics following muscle fatigue, the changes were small and were not considered clinically relevant. This finding was attributed to a possible adaptive mechanism of overhead athletes, who, therefore, do not beneficiate with the use of KT. The study III investigated the effects of KT applied over the deltoid muscle on shoulder joint position sense of healthy subjects, following a fatigue protocol, during arm elevation. There was an increase in the repositioning errors following the fatigue protocol, but there was no effect of the taping. The findings of these studies do not support the use of KT to prevent or minimize the effects of muscle fatigue on scapular kinematics of healthy overhead athletes and shoulder proprioception of healthy subjects.
Estratégias para a programação da produção em ambientes com capacidade flexível controlados pelo sistema PBC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Silva, Fábio Molina da
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Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371146074145702
The PBC System is a well-known Ordering System that periodically syncronizes the material flow of the shop floor. The PBC has the property of constant and planned production lead-time, a policy of minimal lot sizing and a constant frequency on order releasing. An exhaustive literature review presented in this thesis has shown that work uses PBC when the production capacity is not constant. This is a reality presented in companies where compensatory times off allows the capacity be tranfer between time stamps and employees that can work on diferente positions, allowing the capacity to be managed from one working center to another. This work formally defines those issues using mathematical programming, and defines a set of heuristics to solve it. After the application of the models and heuristics to a set of instances, one can note that the heuristics are eficiente to solve the problem, and the strategy of using PBC is very successful in the studied environment (production system with variable capacity).
Um conjunto de abordagens para a geração da matriz de rastreabilidade de requisitos com suporte de técnicas de inteligência computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Ditomaso, André
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6671188693231155
Context: Problems in requirements management is considered one of the causes for system failures. One of the activities that helps the requirements management, making it more effective, is the requirement traceability. One of the most important artefacts to determine and monitor the traceability of requirements is the Requirements Traceability Matrix. Nonetheless, establish and maintain the Requirements Traceability Matrix is an extremely laborious and error prone task. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to present a set of approaches that allow to generate the Requirements Traceability Matrix in an automated way, using computational intelligence techniques that allows the generation of more accurate links. Methodology: The proposed approaches explore functional requirements data and natural language processing solutions for determining the traceability matrix. From some experimental studies, the approaches were refined and combined with computational intelligence techniques to increase the accuracy of the traceability links. Results: Four approaches were proposed. The first approach considers that that the dependence of the requirements is related to the data manipulated by them. The second approach explores the use of natural language processing. The third approach combines the previous two approaches with fuzzy systems. Finally, the fourth approach uses artificial neural networks taking the data from the first two proposed approaches as input data. The experimental studies produced satisfactory results for the traceability links determined by the proposed approaches. Case studies were also conducted to evaluate the use of the approaches in the industry. Conclusions: The obtained results support the thesis defended in this research, demonstrating that the use of computational intelligence techniques improves accuracy in traceability links. links.
Análise dos efeitos do fipronil e dimetoato em larvas e pupas de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizada criadas em condições laboratoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Silva, Carina Aparecida de Souza
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Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0384882576222869
Africanized Apis mellifera bees Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), although not native to Brazil, is very important both for the environment and for the economy. However, with the growth of food production and biofuels, there was an expansion of the areas of monoculture consequently was increased also the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Although some insecticides such a fipronil (used in sugar cane) and dimethoate (standard substance in larval tests standardized by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and used in cotton crops), are toxic to bees. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the biological and histological effects of toxicity of pesticides in the ontogenetic development of Africanized A. mellifera. For this, worker larvae of 1st instar were collected from healthy colonies of the apiary located in the rural town of Piedade/SP and transferred to sterile polystyrene cells, which contained larval diet. After the transfer, the cells were maintained at a temperature of 34±2° C and RH 85±5%, the larvae fed daily from 1st to 5th day. On day 4, were prepared with three different concentrations (20, 5 and 0.5 ng a.i./μL) fipronil and dimethoate a concentration (200 ng a.i./μL) was added 1 μL of each concentration prepared (isolated) under integument of the larva, called acute treatment. The results showed that there was no larval mortality (72 hours) significantly between groups (p>0.20), exposed to fipronil and control, but the pupae rate anomalous (p<0.03) and emergency (p<0.04) was found significant difference. The most common abnormalities were pigmentation on the upper and lower body, head and malformation in the absence of members; pink eye pupa (Pp) and white eyed pupae (Pw) with malformation of the limbs, having formed the eye and with larval body. It is assumed that the fipronil be a neurotoxic compound, he is acting in the regulation and release of Ecdysteroid hormones that are involved in the passage from larva to adult (metamorphic process). After the bioassay dimethoate, pre-pupae were collected (D9) for morphological and histochemical analysis for both treatment groups and for the control. Pre-pupae were processed routinely. Histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. For immunohistochemical analysis, we used the Bromophenol Blue reactions, Periodic Acid-Schiff and Feulgen. By morphological and histochemical analysis, changes were observed in muscle tissue, intracellular spacing of trophocytes and oenocytes, increase in the amount of proteins and lipids and nuclear branch in trophocytes. Most of these characteristics are described pupae, however individuals were analyzed in the pre-pupae stage, namely, and it is likely that the substance studied on the development of bees exposed to the insecticide. Dimethoate could activate the cellular detoxification system by carboxylesterases enzymes and, in this way, cause the hydrolysis of the Juvenile Hormone and hence the acceleration of the metamorphic layers. The high rate of abnormalities in the pupal stage and decreased emergency rate in individuals exposed to fipronil raises concerns with decreasing productivity in commercial apiaries located in agro-ecosystems. In addition, the advance from the present study calls attention to damage in the colony, as in nature the metamorphosis of the phases have certain duration. This can cause physiological disorder could indirectly damage the chain pollination by bees.
Avaliação da influência do estresse e estímulos contextuais no desenvolvimento da dependência : abordagem comportamental e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05)
Carneiro de Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo
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Cruz, Fábio Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4804337113083801
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Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514762545280942
This thesis is part of the requirements for obtaining Ph.D. title by Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP. The results presented refer to experiments developed in Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara and Behavioral Neurosciense Branch / National Institute on Drug Abuse - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA. In chapter 1 we made a general introduction on the theories that formed the basis of the current concept of drug addiction. In this chapter, we elaborate a brief history of social organization and human relationship with drugs. We wrote specifically about both substances used in our studies, ethanol and cocaine, as well as their impact on public health and the pharmacological mechanisms of action. In chapter 2 the aim was to evaluate the influence of factors such as early age of onset of ethanol use and the effect of stress on the seeking behavior and consumption of this drug. For this, we used the animal model of ethanol self-administration and two types of social stress (social deprivation and social instability) in rats during adolescence. To verify whether behavioral changes were promoted by molecular neuroadaptations, we quantified gene expression involved in the development of ethanol dependence in amygdala, responsible area for stress-induce behaviors. In chapter 3 we investigated whether daun02 inactivation method is able to inhibit cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. This method is based on the theory that only a small group of sparsely distributed neurons (neuronal ensembles) are activated during behavior exhibition. For this purpose, we used transgenic rats carrying a c-fos-lacZ promoter which when activated induces the expression of ß-galactosidase enzyme only in activated neurons. The ß-galactosidase converts the prodrug daun02 into a toxic metabolite, driving to cell apoptosis. Thus, we evaluated whether the neuronal ensembles activated during the development of locomotor sensitization are the same as those recruited in the expression of this behavior. In chapter 4 we investigate whether mice express context-specific locomotor sensitization and whether the exhibiton of this behavior is related to synaptic changes in the nucleus accumbens. For this we use male and female transgenic C57BL/6 adult mice expressing Fos-GFP, a protein sensitive to green light, only in activated cells. Thus, using a confocal microscope, we assessed the presence of silent synapses only in activated neurons (neuronal ensembles) related to the expression of locomotor sensitization. Like us, researchers in the field of neurobiology of drug addiction have been studying the factors that can facilitate the initiation and maintenance of drug use and how it may trigger the addiction. Thus, this thesis aimed to investigate the influence of age, sex, stress, memory, associative learning, different types of drugs (cocaine and ethanol) and different types of animal models (self-administration and sensitization) in the development of drug addiction.
Análise das habilidades testadas e validade diagnóstica de instrumentos para avaliação de linguagem na doença de Alzheimer, no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-06)
Francisco, Helen Capeleto
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643886824126050
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can assist in the identification of causes of AD and of interventions that can slow the progression of this disease. The aim of this study was to compare language assessment tools used in Brazil to diagnose AD, to determine: (a) which linguistic skills are assessed, (b) which of these instruments present the greatest diagnostic validity and (b) to identify gaps in the language skills that are evaluated and the availability of research information about the precision and validity of each instrument. To obtain this information, the Bireme database was searched using the keywords language AND Alzheimer AND (test OR assessment OR instrument). Studies were selected using the following criteria: (a) data about the diagnostic validity of language tests for the assessment of AD, (b) conducted in Brazil, (c) published in English or Portuguese, (d) with access to the full text. Seven articles met all these criteria. A second search strategy involved obtaining articles with the information we were seeking, which were cited in the seven articles already selected. An additional six articles were encountered. The instruments analyzed included: Verbal Fluency Test, Teste de Rastreio de Doença de Alzheimer com Provérbios, Token Test, Boston Naming Test, Naming Test of Brief Cognitive Battery The Dog Story, Le Boeuf (1976), Protocole Montréal d'Évaluation de la Communication, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia and ASHA FACS. These instruments were compared with respect to the populations evaluated (elderly with no cognitive impairments, with mild cognitive impairments, and with AD), the number of people tested, their educational levels, and indexes for sensitivity (correct classification of AD patients) and specificity (correct classification of people without cognitive impairments), which reflect the precision and validity of each instrument, with respect to the diagnostic process. Among the language tests that were evaluated, the Semantic Verbal Fluency Test appears to be the test with the best levels of diagnostic validity for detecting cognitive changes during the early stages of AD, in comparison with elderly people with no cognitive impairments (sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 80.6% among illiterate elderly; sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of elderly people with more than eight years of education). However, there are many gaps in the information available about the precision and validity of this and all the other instruments, restricting their usefulness in diagnosing AD, at this time.
Cultura da terra, cultura das águas: o fenômeno da Transumância em Marabá (PA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-08)
Araújo, José Augusto Carvalho de
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2900892621227578
L'étude est basée sur le processus de la transhumance qui se produit sur les rives du Tocantins Itacaiúnas et rivières de la commune de Maraba situé dans l'État sud-est du Para, sur les flux et reflux de nos rivières. La transhumance est due au transfert des ressources humaines temporairement par des contraintes environnementales ou les questions financières. Ce phénomène se produit chaque année à la suite d'inondations constantes qui se produisent dans la ville de Maraba, dans les zones les plus basses de la ville, semblable à ce qui se passe dans pionnier Maraba (ancien Maraba). En raison de cet événement, ces groupes sociaux doivent être mis aux quartiers résidentiels les plus élevés. Les noyaux qui servent de refuge sont la Nouvelle Ville et la Nouvelle Maraba. Cependant, la plupart des sans-abri, comme une question de stratégie et de survie, de finalement passer à des abris temporaires construits par les habitants eux-mêmes ou par la défense civile locale. Le processus de la transhumance se produit souvent des décennies sur les rives des fleuves Itacaiúnas et Tocantins dans la zone urbaine de la municipalité de Maraba. Bien que ce phénomène est lié à une question de mode de vie culturel de la ville côtière, l'un des principaux problèmes concerne une nouvelle main-d'oeuvre des riverains qui vivent dans les villes et ont subi les impacts des changements productifs dans l'environnement urbain. Tout comme nous ne pouvons pas ne pas tenir compte de la création de poches de pauvreté des femmes, des enfants, les migrants et les habitants des bidonvilles à la périphérie des villes, associées à un capitalisme périphérique qui a généré la marginalisation sociale d'une partie de la population (Oliveira, 2007). En outre, riverains, pour des raisons culturelles, sont connectés en permanence avec les rivières et la ville où s'occupe principalement de commerce et la fourniture de services. Le type d'activité de travail se passe comme la dynamique des flux et reflux de l'Amazonie. La recherche sur le terrain a été réalisée en 2012 avec la vie côtière dans la ville et de la souffrance des inondations qui se produisent entre les mois de Janvier à Juin dans la ville de Maraba. Il s'agit d'une étude de cas, étant donné que ce processus migratoire appelé transhumance ou de trajet ou changement de saison se passe en particulier dans cette partie de la ville inondée de Maraba. Diverses sources d'information ont été utilisés, comme les entrevues, l'observation systématique lieu, une source documentaire, les photographies, etc, ainsi que d'une variété de données recueillies par divers informateurs (en bordure de la ville, les pêcheurs, les responsables de la défense civile et les dirigeants Communauté). .
Biogeografia dos polistíneos neotropicais: uma abordagem ecológica e evolutiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-08)
Carvalho Filho, Antônio Freire de
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7763217460823952
Despite the huge diversity in the Neotropical region, little is known about the biogeography of the subfamily Polistinae. This thesis is divided into three chapters which, despite their distinct specific aims, have as central target the discussion of the influence of environmental, ecological and evolutionary processes on the distribution of genetic diversity and species richness of polistines. For this end, in the first chapter is provided a wide review on the origins of Polistinae and change-promoter processes in the Neotropics. In the second chapter, possible colonization routes used by the subfamily in the Americas are proposed based on the Round-trip hypothesis. Such a hypothesis is corroborated by the recurrence of progression rules, inferred by phylogeny-distribution relationships, pointing more basal clades of several genera occurring in the Amazonian rainforest and more derived clades in eastern South America. The occurrence of an inverse progression rule for Polistes sustains a second rarer and older route from east to west. The third chapter focuses on the disjunction between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest and on the species that, due to changes in forest distributions, had their populations fragmented. It is provided in this study a wide list with 127 Neotropical taxa with disjunct lineages between both forests, climate stability models for eight species (two paper wasps and six vertebrates) and extensive phylogeographies for the wasps Angiopolybia pallens and Synoeca surinama. Such wasp species were used as genetic models to test spatially-esplicit hypotheses of climate stability and were chosen by present distinct ecological characteristics, but occur in sympatry in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. It was aimed with this to test the following hypothesis: the disjunction affected idiosyncratically the genetic diversity of species with populations widely fragmented. The information presented in the three studies might serve as support in future works on Polistinae biogeography, mainly those that focus on the integration of environmental events to explain both evolutionary and ecological processes.
Uso das terapias laser e LED (Light-Emitting Diode) de baixa intensidade para aumentar o desempenho muscular: do in vitro e experimental ao uso clínico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-08)
Ferraresi, Cleber
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9593811257950561
Recent studies have used low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and LEDs (light-emitting diodes - LEDT) to increase muscle performance in experimental models and randomized clinical trials. However, the effects of these therapies on muscle tissue are not well understood, especially related to their mechanisms of action and clinical use. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of LLLT and LEDT on muscle tissue through in vitro, experimental models and clinical trials to elucidate the main mechanisms of action of these therapies on muscle tissue submitted to fatigue tests and/ or strength training programs to guide the clinical practice. Among the mechanisms of action, we highlight a modulation of mitochondrial metabolism, synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and glycogen, muscle cell proliferation, antioxidant defenses and a gene expression modulation quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microarrays (whole human genome). To accomplish these objectives, we conducted an in vitro study with muscle cell line culture, two experimental studies with animals submitted to fatigue tests and physical training, and five clinical studies that investigated the effects of LLLT and LEDT on muscular pre-conditioning (LLLT/ LEDT application before exercise) and post-exercise muscle recovery (LLLT/ LEDT application after exercise) in athletes, non-athletes and young men genetically comparable (identical twins) submitted to official games of volleyball, sub maximal and maximal tests of effort, and physical training programs, respectively. In vitro, experimental and clinical studies, added to an extensive literature review included in this thesis, allowed us to understand that there is a time-response to muscle cells absorb the energy of lasers/ LEDs and transform that energy into biochemical responses to increase muscle performance in muscular pre-conditioning regimen, or accelerate postexercise muscle recovery. In addition, LLLT/ LEDT applied over the muscle tissue shows also a pattern of dose-response which appears to be dependent of the objective, i.e., prevention of muscle damage or stimulation of energy metabolism, ATP synthesis, gene expression and improved muscle performance.
O ensino de música no contexto escolar de crianças dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-08)
Cassettari, Danielle Maria Pereira Urban
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872715719349220
This work has as its object music in the school context of children from the early years of Elementary School. The theme arose from my concern during the period of mandatory curricular internship held in 2013, when I was struck by the absence of music in the daily lives of children.The research sought to understand why music is still ignored in some school contexts despite being an important component of children's cultural education. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents the Theoretical Framework. In order to carry out the task of investigating music in the school context of children of the Early Years, in this part of the work, the presence of music since the baby's life was studied; the training of pedagogues in the area of music; interdisciplinarity as an important dimension in school music education; the use of singing in pedagogical practices; the use of free materials in the creation of musical instruments, and the presence of music at school in general. The second chapter contains the research methodology, classified as qualitative and case study, with the constitution of a group of teachers, with whom interviews were conducted. In the third and last chapter, the analysis of the interviews is presented, relating them to the authors of the theoretical basis presented in the first chapter. The results point to the importance of the musical training of pedagogues, of teaching music for the healthy development of children and of pedagogical practices that involve music in school routine.
Quem são os povos indígenas para os estudantes? Reflexões sobre o currículo básico comum do estado de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-09)
Gilaverte, Ana Paula
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Silva, Flávio Caetano da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5581771963380830
The indigenous issue presented in the school context on the view of European blueprints may generate numerous misconceptions, reflecting attitudes of prejudice, rejection, discrimination and segregation. Although they represent a group of ethnic-cultural formation of Brazil, their history remains overlooked, covered in the school context as mere individuals from the time of contact with the Europeans, leaving a deep gap regarding the participation of those groups throughout the history of Brazil. Thus, a perspective that is intended to be multicultural and interactive should bring the debate to the classroom on diversity and difference as being dynamic, fluid, and ever-changing processes. Issues that pervade historic school discourses and similar ones, influence the construction process of individual and collective identification of the student. In this research, we aim to draw considerations on school discourses related to indigenous people, and on how the student builds his identification toward those groups, from the discourses that are recognized, accepted, and instituted in the matrix of the Common Basic Curriculum of Minas Gerais, in the subject of history. These perceptions point to an approach based on speeches that gained tradition throughout the history of Brazil, having the European discourse as its core.
Aquisição de discriminações auditivo-táteis e emergência de leitura recombinativa em Braille
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-09)
Quinteiro, Regiane de Souza
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8538044358616920
Reading is a complex ability that involves a set of discriminated operants. In exposure to discrimination teaching with printed words the elements are combined and recombined in new words that control how to read the new words (recombinative reading). The present study had the objective of investigating whether previous discoveries on recombinative reading with tactile stimuli from the Braille alphabet were replicable. It was investigated the acquisition of pseudowords printed in Braille and the combination and recombination of the textual units in recombinative reading. Four literate adults with acquired visual impairment learned auditory-tactile conditional discriminations between dictated and printed pseudowords in Roman alphabet (AB) and between dictated and printed pseudowords in Braille (AC). Periodic tests evaluated new choice relations (BC, CB, AC) and oral textual responding (CD) with taught and new words. Two experimental studies (with two sets of words) were conducted, they were composed of six teachingtesting cycles (two words in each cycle) with tactile stimuli with font size 90 (Study 1) and size 40 (Study 2). The pseudowords were created to strengthen recombinative reading: four vowels and four consonants composed 4 syllables and formed 12 dissyllable words for teaching and 14 words for tests (each syllable was presented in the first and last position of the words at the same times). The four participants learned all conditional discriminations and formed equivalence classes that included dictated and tactile words in the two modalities. All of them showed scores higher than 80% in the selection of the new words. New words Braille reading showed variability: two participants showed correct responses with scores higher than 75%; the others showed between 41 and 79%. The results replicated and expanding the previous discoveries about to Braille stimuli and their elemental control by within-syllable units can develop recombinative reading. Teaching procedure variables, stimuli modalities, and the elements overlapping in different words had an important role to generate Braille reading.
Educação não-formal e divulgação de astronomia no Brasil : o que pensam os especialistas e o que diz a literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-09)
Marques, Joana Brás Varanda
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6595009955921694
Non-formal education and public communication of science received broad attention around the globe in recent years, which confirms it as a knowledge field with great potential for the formation of a scientific culture and science education. Within this field, Astronomy constitutes a privileged area due to the existence of a network of institutions across the whole country, the specificities of the community of amateur astronomers and the fascination which the subjects provokes in audiences of all ages. Yet, although the community of academics and educators begins to recognize the unique potential of Astronomy in non-formal education and public communication of science, the area has only been growing slowly and in a disperse manner and still remains ill explored and little analyzed. For example: What are the research trends? What are the shortcomings of the existing literature? Driven by this need for exploration, this study sets out to consolidate and enhance the existing knowledge base on the practice of non-formal education and public communication of science in the context of Brazil being the main objectives to: i) systematize and map the scientific literature on non-formal education and public communication of Astronomy in Brazil; ii) identify trends, priorities, gaps and future directions of the field, based on the opinion of a panel of experts of different backgrounds related to the field of non-formal education and public communication of Astronomy in Brazil; iii) integrate the data obtained from the literature review and the outcome of the consultation of experts to outline a comprehensive picture of the area. In order to achieve these objectives we conducted a state-of-the art review and consulted 86 specialists using the Delphi methodology which consists in a series of successive questionnaires. In terms of methodology qualitative analysis in form of content analysis of the questionnaires and the literature and quantitative analysis in form of descriptive statistic were combined. As expected, the results of the state-of the art review confirmed that research in this area is still in its infancy; only 20 articles could be identified being the majority descriptions of activities. However, in terms of institutions, initiatives and activities the area appears to be very active and heterogeneous and people involved show enthusiasm and dedication. Meanwhile, our Delphi reveals the major problems and barriers which have to be overcome to unlock the full potential of Astronomy in the area of science education. It further provides a controlled discussion on possible solutions suggested by the specialists itself. A majority agrees that the creation of an overarching entity, which co-ordinates, supports and unites the community, would be beneficial to the development and spread of the area. The apparent desire to discuss, reflect and act on how to improve the area - as shown by the community - remains to be underlined. Seen the strong involvement in this study of people actively participating in non-formal education and public communication of science, it is argued that one of the major contribution of this study was to foster and nourish this joint reflection. We hope that our results can provide a starting point for further reflections and actions which result in a better understanding of the area.
Estudo sobre a cultura de gastos educacionais: os casos de Arapongas e Apucarana (PR)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-10)
Chiarelli, Lucinéia
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5306817333336487
The main objective of this study focuses on the identification and analysis of expenditure incurred by rural and urban schools of Paraná with a view to calculating the cost-student, through the analysis of public policies implemented in Brazil and financing in the State of Paraná. We decided to make a documentary research, employing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the brazilian legislation, contained in their constitutions and expressed by a set of policies that govern and regulate the educational field in our country, in particular its financing. The universe involving our research focused on five rural schools from Arapongas twelve urban schools that accept students from rural and twenty-four urban schools serving children and adolescents in the city of Apucarana. We note that the cost-student for the two schools goes far beyond the minimum set by the Brazilian federal government value, as well as specified by the Paraná state government, on average exceeding them up to four times the minimum value. We understand that the use of accounting, its resources and its instruments used both for display and for the analysis of legislation and public policies that regulate, standardize and manage the brazilian educational field can contribute to improving the school realities of individuals living and work in the field.
Processo formativo de professores de Matemática: práticas reflexivas para a utilização da informática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-10)
Zeraik, Suelen Masson
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Gama, Renata Prenstteter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8522802598371196
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Marco, Fabiana Fiorezi de
The purpose of this research is to understand the formative process developed in a group of mathematics teachers guided in the use of computers inclusion in their pedagogical practices. The question that guided the development of the research was: What are characteristics emerge from the formative process in a collaborative group of mathematics teachers to use computers in their teaching? This research is qualitative, of type participant observation. The data collection was carried out face of meetings a collaborative group of math study entitled Collaborative Study in Mathematics Education Group (CSMEG). Discussions of audio recorded meetings were used; oral and written narratives on the teaching practice; activity of scripts built out from the work proposal with the use of information technology and e-mails from the group on the profile and individual graduation and the sharing activities. For the analysis, we used the theoretical reference on teacher education, especially on reflective practice, collaborative groups and information technology in mathematics teaching. The reading of the data allowed to establish a guiding axis that highlights aspects of content and reflexive dynamics found both in the preparation of mathematical activities and in developing classroom environments with computer technology. From the discussion of the shaft were constructed three categories of analysis: 1. The computer technology insertion on collaborative group; 2. The computer technology insertion on mathematics education; and 3 Reflective practices on collaborative group. The results indicate that the pedagogical practice needs to be the starting point of reflective learning process, as shown in the proposed content and collective choices of the group during construction activities. The computer technology insertion's potentiality of visualizing and development of activities help on exploiting and relations of mathematical concepts. The elaboration of activities with the use of computer technology directed to individual interests contribute to the redefinition of the mathematical concepts and knowledge of the practice. Moreover, the reflective discussions that permeated the elaborations of the activities with the use of computer helped the teachers analyze and build meaningful activities with a look at content, to the student and to their knowledge.
Políticas de quebrada e políticas estatais referentes aos homicídios em Luzia, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-10)
Silva, José Douglas dos Santos Silva
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461973217681699
Between 2001 and 2011, the significant reduction in the homicide rate in São Paulo has sparked controversy in public debate and social sciences. What causalities certainly multiple, and analytic assumptions that explain this phenomenon, a São Paulo specificity in the national framework? In 2001 the city of Luzia to be studied here, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP), presented homicide rate of 51.57 / 100 000 inhabitants; in 2010 this rate dropped to 5.53 / 100,000 inhabitants, a tenth of the initial value. However, in 2011, further significant increase to 18.11 / 100,000 inhabitants in the city, has blurred the picture even more complex. The objective of this research is to study the truth discourses around litigation and homicides operating in an intersection zone, expanding, between state and local policy in relations between broken and chain. The listed data are based on a living as a resident in the city for over 20 years, and of practice in local organizations, over the 2000s, now recovered in the light of ethnography in the territory, conducted between 2012 and 2013.