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Estratégias para a programação da produção em ambientes com capacidade flexível controlados pelo sistema PBC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Silva, Fábio Molina da; Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371146074145702
The PBC System is a well-known Ordering System that periodically syncronizes the material flow of the shop floor. The PBC has the property of constant and planned production lead-time, a policy of minimal lot sizing and a constant frequency on order releasing. An exhaustive literature review presented in this thesis has shown that work uses PBC when the production capacity is not constant. This is a reality presented in companies where compensatory times off allows the capacity be tranfer between time stamps and employees that can work on diferente positions, allowing the capacity to be managed from one working center to another. This work formally defines those issues using mathematical programming, and defines a set of heuristics to solve it. After the application of the models and heuristics to a set of instances, one can note that the heuristics are eficiente to solve the problem, and the strategy of using PBC is very successful in the studied environment (production system with variable capacity).
Um conjunto de abordagens para a geração da matriz de rastreabilidade de requisitos com suporte de técnicas de inteligência computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Ditomaso, André; Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6671188693231155
Context: Problems in requirements management is considered one of the causes for system failures. One of the activities that helps the requirements management, making it more effective, is the requirement traceability. One of the most important artefacts to determine and monitor the traceability of requirements is the Requirements Traceability Matrix. Nonetheless, establish and maintain the Requirements Traceability Matrix is an extremely laborious and error prone task. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to present a set of approaches that allow to generate the Requirements Traceability Matrix in an automated way, using computational intelligence techniques that allows the generation of more accurate links. Methodology: The proposed approaches explore functional requirements data and natural language processing solutions for determining the traceability matrix. From some experimental studies, the approaches were refined and combined with computational intelligence techniques to increase the accuracy of the traceability links. Results: Four approaches were proposed. The first approach considers that that the dependence of the requirements is related to the data manipulated by them. The second approach explores the use of natural language processing. The third approach combines the previous two approaches with fuzzy systems. Finally, the fourth approach uses artificial neural networks taking the data from the first two proposed approaches as input data. The experimental studies produced satisfactory results for the traceability links determined by the proposed approaches. Case studies were also conducted to evaluate the use of the approaches in the industry. Conclusions: The obtained results support the thesis defended in this research, demonstrating that the use of computational intelligence techniques improves accuracy in traceability links. links.
Avaliação da influência do estresse e estímulos contextuais no desenvolvimento da dependência : abordagem comportamental e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Carneiro de Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo; Cruz, Fábio Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4804337113083801; Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514762545280942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9776309560034777
This thesis is part of the requirements for obtaining Ph.D. title by Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP. The results presented refer to experiments developed in Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara and Behavioral Neurosciense Branch / National Institute on Drug Abuse - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA. In chapter 1 we made a general introduction on the theories that formed the basis of the current concept of drug addiction. In this chapter, we elaborate a brief history of social organization and human relationship with drugs. We wrote specifically about both substances used in our studies, ethanol and cocaine, as well as their impact on public health and the pharmacological mechanisms of action. In chapter 2 the aim was to evaluate the influence of factors such as early age of onset of ethanol use and the effect of stress on the seeking behavior and consumption of this drug. For this, we used the animal model of ethanol self-administration and two types of social stress (social deprivation and social instability) in rats during adolescence. To verify whether behavioral changes were promoted by molecular neuroadaptations, we quantified gene expression involved in the development of ethanol dependence in amygdala, responsible area for stress-induce behaviors. In chapter 3 we investigated whether daun02 inactivation method is able to inhibit cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. This method is based on the theory that only a small group of sparsely distributed neurons (neuronal ensembles) are activated during behavior exhibition. For this purpose, we used transgenic rats carrying a c-fos-lacZ promoter which when activated induces the expression of ß-galactosidase enzyme only in activated neurons. The ß-galactosidase converts the prodrug daun02 into a toxic metabolite, driving to cell apoptosis. Thus, we evaluated whether the neuronal ensembles activated during the development of locomotor sensitization are the same as those recruited in the expression of this behavior. In chapter 4 we investigate whether mice express context-specific locomotor sensitization and whether the exhibiton of this behavior is related to synaptic changes in the nucleus accumbens. For this we use male and female transgenic C57BL/6 adult mice expressing Fos-GFP, a protein sensitive to green light, only in activated cells. Thus, using a confocal microscope, we assessed the presence of silent synapses only in activated neurons (neuronal ensembles) related to the expression of locomotor sensitization. Like us, researchers in the field of neurobiology of drug addiction have been studying the factors that can facilitate the initiation and maintenance of drug use and how it may trigger the addiction. Thus, this thesis aimed to investigate the influence of age, sex, stress, memory, associative learning, different types of drugs (cocaine and ethanol) and different types of animal models (self-administration and sensitization) in the development of drug addiction.
Análise dos efeitos do fipronil e dimetoato em larvas e pupas de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizada criadas em condições laboratoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Silva, Carina Aparecida de Souza; Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0384882576222869
Africanized Apis mellifera bees Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), although not native to Brazil, is very important both for the environment and for the economy. However, with the growth of food production and biofuels, there was an expansion of the areas of monoculture consequently was increased also the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Although some insecticides such a fipronil (used in sugar cane) and dimethoate (standard substance in larval tests standardized by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and used in cotton crops), are toxic to bees. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the biological and histological effects of toxicity of pesticides in the ontogenetic development of Africanized A. mellifera. For this, worker larvae of 1st instar were collected from healthy colonies of the apiary located in the rural town of Piedade/SP and transferred to sterile polystyrene cells, which contained larval diet. After the transfer, the cells were maintained at a temperature of 34±2° C and RH 85±5%, the larvae fed daily from 1st to 5th day. On day 4, were prepared with three different concentrations (20, 5 and 0.5 ng a.i./μL) fipronil and dimethoate a concentration (200 ng a.i./μL) was added 1 μL of each concentration prepared (isolated) under integument of the larva, called acute treatment. The results showed that there was no larval mortality (72 hours) significantly between groups (p>0.20), exposed to fipronil and control, but the pupae rate anomalous (p<0.03) and emergency (p<0.04) was found significant difference. The most common abnormalities were pigmentation on the upper and lower body, head and malformation in the absence of members; pink eye pupa (Pp) and white eyed pupae (Pw) with malformation of the limbs, having formed the eye and with larval body. It is assumed that the fipronil be a neurotoxic compound, he is acting in the regulation and release of Ecdysteroid hormones that are involved in the passage from larva to adult (metamorphic process). After the bioassay dimethoate, pre-pupae were collected (D9) for morphological and histochemical analysis for both treatment groups and for the control. Pre-pupae were processed routinely. Histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. For immunohistochemical analysis, we used the Bromophenol Blue reactions, Periodic Acid-Schiff and Feulgen. By morphological and histochemical analysis, changes were observed in muscle tissue, intracellular spacing of trophocytes and oenocytes, increase in the amount of proteins and lipids and nuclear branch in trophocytes. Most of these characteristics are described pupae, however individuals were analyzed in the pre-pupae stage, namely, and it is likely that the substance studied on the development of bees exposed to the insecticide. Dimethoate could activate the cellular detoxification system by carboxylesterases enzymes and, in this way, cause the hydrolysis of the Juvenile Hormone and hence the acceleration of the metamorphic layers. The high rate of abnormalities in the pupal stage and decreased emergency rate in individuals exposed to fipronil raises concerns with decreasing productivity in commercial apiaries located in agro-ecosystems. In addition, the advance from the present study calls attention to damage in the colony, as in nature the metamorphosis of the phases have certain duration. This can cause physiological disorder could indirectly damage the chain pollination by bees.
Análise da interação entre ordenamento territorial e biodiversidade: estudo de caso em Villavicencio (Meta, Colômbia)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Ortiz-Moreno, Martha Lucia; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4346118357974725
The city of Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia) has three physiognomic units inside their 131.020 ha of extension: mountains, foothills and savannah. The relief, orographic rain and the tropical temperature have a plenty of abiotic resources, which determine the species diversification. However, human influence is a threat to biodiversity due to deforestation, urban growth and disordered mineral exploration. There are currently 11 species of plants and 62 animal species with some degree of endangerment on the city, distributed in the three physiognomic units. Thus, the objective of this research was to make a proposal to insert biodiversity conservation in the municipal Landplane of Villavicencio. The analyses of usage and land cover between 1988 and 2013 show that the city is leaving the agriculture to one side due to the increasing of extensive cattle ranching, which comes to occupy 58.4% of the territory extending from savannah to the mountain region, where both the fragility of the soil and steep slopes are responsible to cause the loss of natural vegetation cover and accelerate erosion process. These cause the siltation of waterways and threaten the headwaters rivers, where it does the abstraction for human consumption. In parallel, the disorganized sprawl of the urban area follows deteriorating the protected wetlands of the municipality and the current occupation of the territory generates a decrease to the green areas, as well as leisure, home services and mobility. In this scenario, it is proposed to increase the permeability of the countryside and the city, by increasing the quality of the forest fragments and their connectivity by expanding the area of RPA in rivers with water abstraction; recovery of forest cover in conservation units and physiognomic unit in mountain and foothills, along with measures to increase effective public space and mobility, prohibiting conflicting uses in areas with higher environmental fragility of the municipality. These proposals would help for the survival of endangered species and the conservation of local environmental services.
Efeitos do Kinesio taping na cinemática escapular e propriocepção do ombro após fadiga muscular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Zanca, Gisele Garcia; Mattiello, Stela Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7200122514782641
The shoulder joint complex highly depends on dynamic stabilization and sensorimotor control to maintain its functional stability. It is known that muscle fatigue causes scapular kinematics alterations and proprioceptive deficits, and both are related with shoulder injuries. Kinesio taping (KT) is an elastic taping that has been widely used in rehabilitation and injuries preventions. Several effects have been attributed to KT, including muscle facilitation and improvement of proprioceptive feedback. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of KT on scapular kinematics and shoulder proprioception following a muscle fatigue protocol. This thesis is composed of three studies. The objective of the study I was to investigate the relationship between clavicular movements (elevation and retraction) and the EMG signal recorded on three electrode sites: the traditional positioning (between C7 and the acromion) and two different sites proposed for clavicular fibers evaluation. It was concluded that, although the traditional electrode positioning record the signal from fibers inserted on the acromion, its signal presents high correlation with clavicular movement. Therefore, it can be considered representative in healthy subjects. The study II aimed to investigate the effects of KT for lower trapezius facilitation on three-dimensional scapular kinematics of healthy overhead athletes, following a fatigue protocol consisted of repetitive throwing. Regardless a lower fatigue intensity of serratus anterior when KT was applied with tension compared to no tension, there was no effect of taping on scapular kinematics. Furthermore, although there were statistically significant alterations on scapular kinematics following muscle fatigue, the changes were small and were not considered clinically relevant. This finding was attributed to a possible adaptive mechanism of overhead athletes, who, therefore, do not beneficiate with the use of KT. The study III investigated the effects of KT applied over the deltoid muscle on shoulder joint position sense of healthy subjects, following a fatigue protocol, during arm elevation. There was an increase in the repositioning errors following the fatigue protocol, but there was no effect of the taping. The findings of these studies do not support the use of KT to prevent or minimize the effects of muscle fatigue on scapular kinematics of healthy overhead athletes and shoulder proprioception of healthy subjects.
Museu da Energia de Itu-SP: um estudo sobre a incorporação de recursos tecnológicos que estimulem a preservação patrimonial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-05) Dutra, Carolina Corrêa; Lana, Rita de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5412846884406417
The present study seeks to evaluate how technological advances can be useful to patrimonial education in museums, without confront their patrimonial identity The increasing globalization and technological advances are changing the media, making the information more accessible and acting as an agent of social inclusion. Patrimonial Education aims to inform the individual about patrimony preservation and his legacy. One of the main factors of damage to historical and cultural patrimony is its disqualification as a source of reference for local identity, created by an absence of information about their importance and increased by a crescent invasion of foreign cultures, which can lead to lose their local identity.