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Algoritmo ejeção-absorção metropolizado para segmentação de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-19) Calixto, Alexandre Pitangui; Milan, Luis Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0846151938852422
We proposed a new split-merge MCMC algorithm for image segmentation. We describe how an image can be subdivided into multiple disjoint regions, with each region having an associated latent indicator variable. The latent indicator variables are modeled with a prior Gibbs distribution governed by a spatial regularization parameter. Regions with same label define a component. Pixels within a component are distributed according to a Gaussian distribution. We treat the spatial regularization parameter and the number of components K as unknown. To estimate K, the spatial regularization parameter and the component parameters we propose the Metropolised split-merge (MSM) algorithm. The MSM comprises two type of moves. The first one, is a data-driven split-merge move. These movements change the number of components K in the neighborhood K _ 1 and are accepted according to Metropolis-Hastings acceptance probability. After a split-merge step, the component parameters, the spatial regularization parameter and latent allocation variables are updated conditional on K by using the Gibbs sampling, the Metropolis- Hastings and Swendsen-Wang algorithm, respectively. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it is easy to implement and the acceptance probability for split-merge movements depends only of the observed data. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using artificial datasets as well as real datasets.
O estudo dos números complexos no ensino médio: uma abordagem com a utilização do Geogebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-19) Amorim, Tânia Mara; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742409568355117
This work aimed to facilitate the study of the content of complex numbers for students in the 3rd year of High School, within a focus covering a geometric context, with the use of Geogebra software, combined with notebook student (SÃO PAULO, 2014). The main motivation of this study was to search for an innovative practice, aiming to improve the quality of the teaching-learning process, in relation to the content, since the numerous difficulties demonstrated by students. The theoretical research was based mainly on the theory of representation semiotics registers of Raymond Duval and analysis of curriculum documents for Middle School. Already the methodology was built based on the steps of the Didactics Engineering idealized by Michele Artigue. The production of information involved mathematical activities performed by 31 students of Higher Education of a Civil Engineering course and between 10 to 12 students (there was variation) of a 3rd year of High School; providing the basis for answering the following research issues: I What knowledge about complex numbers, students of Higher Education bring the baggage of high School? II - That prospect of construction of knowledge the notebook of the Student gives the learning of complex numbers? III - The Geogebra can add the construction of knowledge when articulated to the notebook of the Student, made available by the Department of the São Paulo State of Education? The instruments used to collect the amount of information produced by participants, in empirical step of our research were: questionnaire, written records of tasks (protocols) and images of mathematical activities carried out with the help of Geogebra. The results obtained in the analysis of the questionnaires showed that the knowledge of the students in higher education, as well as the students in the middle school, are negligible in relation to the need of those who follow their studies in the field of exact area. With respect to the results obtained from the implementation of tasks for high school students, using the software proved to be efficient for a geometrized viewing the content in relation to construction of its concepts, which allowed students a much better understanding across the studied content.
A utilização do software GeoGebra no ensino da geometria analítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-19) Brito, Marcos Alves de; Seixas, Wladimir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1697352974728327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6907748950441769
In this thesis we aim, through the use of a technological tool, the computer, show the possibility of teaching Mathematics causing the student to build their knowledge from concepts presented with the help of software that allow viewing the activities developed. In this sense, we use the GeoGebra software, it is a dynamic geometry software in the public domain and its application to analytic geometry content is easy to learn for the user. Thus, we present a teaching sequence using GeoGebra software in teaching Analytic Geometry, following the contents of the Curriculum Proposal of the State of São Paulo. In each of the proposed activities develop the theoretical content with exercises followed by activity in GeoGebra. At the end of each activity are some of the comments made by students.
Processos de formulação e acompanhamento de planos à luz da estratégia como prática: os casos das gestões da UFSCar de 1992 a 2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-19) Zabotto, Marco Antonio Cavasin; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8442767826775526
Strategy as Practice (SaP) is a recent theory that appeared at the end of the last century as an approach which assumes the strategy as something that organizations do and not as something that they possess. Based on this premise, its focus is on micro activities carried out by the strategists of different organization s hierarchical levels, called practitioners. They apply theoretical and practical models, called practices, to carry out the strategic praxis. This research was performed based on this approach and seeks to analyze the strategic planning processes adopted by a Federal University in Brazil, considering four consecutive administrations. The main objectives are: to propose a model for the development and monitoring of strategic plans at the Federal Institutions of Higher Education or other public education institutions in Brazil; and to propose a procedure that could facilitate the analysis of their plans. The lack of empirical studies based on the SaP approach or on its applications in studies of planning processes in public universities has been highlighted during the bibliographical research performed in national and international qualified databases, covering publications in journals, books, thesis and dissertations. It was found that the lack of references when one wants to get applications of SaP in universities is even greater. The development of this research took place at the Federal University of São Carlos, based on descriptive case studies of four successive administration cycles each one corresponding to four years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the rector and professors who were responsible for coordinating important projects during each administration term. An exam of several documents for each administration cycle was also performed and enabled to collect data and to analyze the processes of formulating and monitoring strategic plans. Each management term was described and analyzed considering five elements: the context (the internal and the external environment) of the institution, the planning (formulation) process, the monitoring process of the plan, the results achieved by management, and the role and activities of the university leader, the rector. The analysis of strategizing processes was carried out based on SaP s constructs: practices, praxis and practitioners. The information obtained in accordance with SaP s constructs was valuable to describe, to comprehend and to compare the planning and monitoring processes implemented in each of the four administration cycles. The study also demonstrates consistent with the literature the importance of rectors roles in formulation and monitoring processes. The main results obtained by the analysis of the four administration cycles supported the proposition of a strategic planning model for Federal Universities and of a series of guidelines and steps to facilitate the analysis of strategic plans, considering the SaP s precepts, in these universities and other related institutions.