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As políticas de direitos autorais e de reuso presentes nas revistas brasileiras de acesso aberto das áreas biológicas e de saúde disponibilizadas na plataforma SciELO-Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015) Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; Almeida, Bianca Miranda de; Silva, Marco Donizete Paulino da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2319894322173530; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474293377346927
O termo Acesso aberto se refere à disponibilização online, gratuita e livre de restrições, da literatura científica. No Brasil, essa dinâmica se dá, majoritariamente, através das revistas em Acesso Aberto, a chamada “via dourada”. A publicação de tais revistas tem crescido continuamente desde a abertura da plataforma SciELO no Brasil, em 1997, e do sistema OJS pelo IBICT. Apesar da ampla divulgação mundial dos conceitos e definições sobre Acesso Aberto, e, sobretudo, em relação a questões de Direitos Autorais, autorização de reuso e arquivamento em repositórios, a hipótese aqui levantada é de que ainda existem situações conflitantes nas políticas de algumas revistas brasileiras de Acesso Aberto, conflitos relativos aos Direitos Autorais e aos direitos de reuso pelos leitores-usuários-autores. O artigo relata um estudo que teve como objetivo principal analisar e averiguar o conceito de Acesso Aberto, explícita e implicitamente usado nas revistas levantadas, sinalizando, de certa forma, o grau de “abertura” destas, tal como definido recentemente no folheto “HowOpenIsIt?” publicado por SPARC, PLoS e OASPA. Foram estudadas as políticas de Direitos Autorais de uma amostra composta por 117 periódicos correntes da área das Ciências Biológicas e Ciências de Saúde na plataforma SciELO-Brasil. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma variedade de apropriações e significações do termo “Acesso Aberto” que se manifestam na redação da política dos Direitos Autorais de tais revistas, dando espaço para confusões entre autores e leitores no que se refere aos direitos de reuso e disseminação posteriores à publicação, direitos estes intrínsecos às definições “clássicas” de Acesso Aberto.
Amplificador transistorizado para uso em instrumentação científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015) Diniz, Eduardo; De Francisco, Carlos Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246572405382250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742336960280302
This project consists of the design and assembly of an amplifier circuit to work as part of a Langmuir probe that will be used at the university environment for the study and characterization of plasmas. Simulations were performed, at first, considering a commercial circuit topology used in audio amplifiers. Different versions of the printed circuit board were developed, always aiming at improvements on routing, components placement and performance of the circuit as a whole. The project reached the expectations like frequency response, slew-rate, output voltage and closed loop gain. All that at a low cost and bearing the potential to be used as part of future projects developed at the university.
Avaliação de conjuntos de testes funcionais no contexto de programas orientados a objetos e programas orientados a aspectos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-08) Levin, Thiago Gaspar; Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5925377783093761
Context: Software testing play an important role to reveal faults and increase the quality of developed products. Structural-based testing has shown to be important in the evaluation of both the quality of the software and the quality of the test set itself. Objective: This work reports on the results of an experimental study that aimed to evaluate the quality of test sets which were originally built for a given programming paradigm, when such test sets are adapted and applied to a different paradigm. Besides this, this we also measure the effort to migrate test sets from one paradigm to another. In this work, we considered the object-oriented (OO) and aspect-oriented (AO) paradigms. Method: We evaluated the quality of test sets by analysing the code coverage yielded by test sets within both paradigms; to evaluate the effort required to adapt test sets across paradigms, we performed comparisons of code-related metrics applied to test code. In total, we analysed 12 small-sized applications and one medium-sized application. Results: The achieved coverage for distinct groups of applications did not show expressive differences across the paradigms, particularly for small-sized applications. Only for the medium-sized system tests yielded higher code coverage in the OO implementation. In respect with the test set adaptation effort, migrating OO tests to the AO paradigm required more code additions, whilst migrating AO tests to the OO implementations required more code changes and removals. Conclusion: With the achieved results, we cannot state that there is a difference in the quality of the test sets, in terms of structural coverage, when both paradigms are taken into account. Only for a single application the coverage difference was evident. In regard to the process of migrating tests from one paradigms to another, OO tests have shown to be more concise (in terms of lines of code) and more reusable than OA tests.
Impacto de diferentes testes de avaliação funcional sobre o sistema cardiorrespiratório e subjetivo de mulheres obesas: implementando recursos em protótipo para avaliação funcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-12) Di Thommazo-Luporini, Luciana; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3990285037066747
Obesity is considered a worldwide epidemic, with high prevalence in females. It is associated to increased mortality rates due to adverse consequences, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In addition, obese individuals show impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity. In this context, we have proposed two observational and cross-sectional studies that could contribute to the understanding the cardiovascular, metabolic, ventilatory, and perceptual responses in this population to different exercise tests, such as the maximum cardiopulmonary test (CPX), considered the gold standard assessment for cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as functional field tests, which were less expensive and more similar to daily activities, such as the six-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and the six-minute step test (6MST). Moreover, we have proposed an innovative step ergometer, which provides a performance recorder and a software for following the user´s progression. The first study é entitled "Are cardiovascular and metabolic responses to field walking tests interchangeable and obesity-dependent?". Aimed to investigate if the physiological responses to the ISWT and 6MWT were in agreement with those obtained in CPX and determine if the submaximal tests could be interchangeable in obese women and controls. Fifty one obese women were evaluated (ObG) and 21 controls (CG) through clinical evaluation, CPX, ISWT and 6MWT. There was agreement between CPX and both the 6MWT [oxygen uptake (VO2, mL•kg-1•min-1) = 6.9 (CI: 5.7-8.1), and heart rate (bpm) = 37.0 (CI: 33.3-40.7)] and ISWT [VO2 (mL•kg-1•min-1) = 6.1 (CI: 4.9-7.3), and heart rate (bpm) = 36.2 (CI: 32.1-40.3)]. We found similar cardiovascular and metabolic responses to both tests in the ObG but not in the CG. Strong correlations were demonstrated between 6MWT and ISWT variables: VO2 (r=0.70); dyspnea (r=0.80); and, leg fatigue (r=0.70). The 6MWT and the ISWT may both hold interchangeable clinical value when contrasted with CPX in obese women and may be a viable alternative in the clinical setting when resources and staffing are limited. The second study was entitled "Six-minute step test as a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness in obese women" and aimed to assess the 6MST accuracy to determinate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and its ability to predict xiii peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) achieved during CPX in sedentary obese women. Fifty-six sedentary obese women underwent clinical evaluation, CPX and 6MST. There was a satisfactory concurrent validity between the CPX and 6MST, with a mean difference of 5.1±3.6 mL•kg-1•min-1 and 23±13 bpm in relation to peak VO2 and HR, respectively. The 6MST demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting CPX responses (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59 - 0.83). The number of step cycles and peak HR during the 6MST explained 31% and 39% of the total variance in peak VO2 and HR obtained during CPX, respectively. We conclude that the 6MST is accurate to discriminate obese women with an adequate CRF from women with a poor status and it can predict metabolic and cardiovascular maximal exercise values, as well as it may be a valid means of assessing CRF in sedentary obese women, particularly in clinical settings where space and resources are limited. The third study is related to a proposal of a innovative utility model registered in the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual, in Brazil, as a patent and is entitled "constructive provision introduced in portable exercise step with performance recorder and software." The exercise step aims to fill a gap in the current trade showing improvements over currently available steps, regarding performance, usability, cost, portability, maintenance, safety and ergonomics. Financial support: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 141331/2011-9), Brasília, DF, Brasil; and, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2009/01842-0).
Aplicativo móvel para prevenção e classificação de úlceras por pressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-12) Tibes, Chris Mayara dos Santos; Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0978970762996625
The popularity of mobile devices has been considered by many the technological revolution with the greatest impact in recent years. Thus, the application development (software) for mobile devices provides an effective way of providing content and reaches the desired audience. The use of computational tools in healthcare is becoming increasingly widespread. Currently, one of the topics more addressed in the health field is related to the patient safety. The Brazilian Ministry of Health and ANVISA launched the Ordinance Nº 529 of April 1st 2013, which established the National Patient Safety Program. This ordinance aims to reduce adverse events in health care, including reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers are mainly related to the nursing team and in many health institutions the incidence of pressure ulcers is used as an indicator of care quality. In this sense, it is fundamental equip professionals with resources that enable them to predict the patient's risk of developing pressure ulcers, support them to classify this type of injury and help them forward for decision making in the implementation of care adequate to prevent and/or treat this type of injury. Information technology can help these professionals. In addition to being able to store and compress a large volume of information, this type of tool is highly portable, adaptable and broad scope. In order to assist nurses in their professional practice, this research aimed to develop a mobile application prototype to assist in the prevention and classification process of pressure ulcers. The developed application is able to calculate the risk assessment, suggest cares for prevention and/or treatment of pressure ulcers, as well as to classify existing ulcers. The technical and functional quality of the application was evaluated by computing and nursing specialists and was considered adequate in question as functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability. As future work, it is proposed to evaluate the developed application in its ability of reducing the ulcer pressure incidence with users in care practice.
Modelos não lineares truncados mistos para locação e escala
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-14) Paraiba, Carolina Costa Mota; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0125762088465949
We present a class of nonlinear truncated mixed-effects models where the truncation nature of the data is incorporated into the statistical model by assuming that the variable of interest, namely the truncated variable, follows a truncated distribution which, in turn, corresponds to a conditional distribution obtained by restricting the support of a given probability distribution function. The family of nonlinear truncated mixed-effects models for location and scale is constructed based on the perspective of nonlinear generalized mixed-effects models and by assuming that the distribution of response variable belongs to a truncated class of distributions indexed by a location and a scale parameter. The location parameter of the response variable is assumed to be associated with a continuous nonlinear function of covariates and unknown parameters and with unobserved random effects, and the scale parameter of the responses is assumed to be characterized by a continuous function of the covariates and unknown parameters. The proposed truncated nonlinear mixed-effects models are constructed assuming both random truncation limits; however, truncated nonlinear mixed-effects models with fixed known limits are readily obtained as particular cases of these models. For models constructed under the assumption of random truncation limits, the likelihood function of the observed data shall be a function both of the parameters of the truncated distribution of the truncated variable and of the parameters of the distribution of the truncation variables. For the particular case of fixed known truncation limits, the likelihood function of the observed data is a function only of the parameters of the truncated distribution assumed for the variable of interest. The likelihood equation resulting from the proposed truncated nonlinear regression models do not have analytical solutions and thus, under the frequentist inferential perspective, the model parameters are estimated by direct maximization of the log-likelihood using an iterative procedure. We also consider diagnostic analysis to check for model misspecification, outliers and influential observations using standardized residuals, and global and local influence metrics. Under the Bayesian perspective of statistical inference, parameter estimates are computed based on draws from the posterior distribution of parameters obtained using an Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure. Posterior predictive checks, Bayesian standardized residuals and a Bayesian influence measures are considered to check for model adequacy, outliers and influential observations. As Bayesian model selection criteria, we consider the sum of log -CPO and a Bayesian model selection procedure using a Bayesian mixture model framework. To illustrate the proposed methodology, we analyze soil-water retention, which are used to construct soil-water characteristic curves and which are subject to truncation since soil-water content (the proportion of water in soil samples) is limited by the residual soil-water content and the saturated soil-water content.
Técnicas de medida de condutividade elétrica na agricultura de precisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Fermino, Luiz Guilherme da Silva; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7429429560586548
Until recently, Precision Agriculture was thought of as an unviable tool for small and medium producers, as it believed that it was an expensive, inaccessible tool. However, with the advancement of technologies, it was possible to access simple and easy methodologies, comprising most of the parameters of soil analysis, tracing the spatial variability within the property, thus obtaining different soil managements for certain areas, as well as better use of inputs and optimization of agronomic practices, with what is called heterogeneity of agricultural parcels through homogeneous management zones. One of the suggested parameters for carrying out these mappings is the Electrical Conductivity of the Soil, a variable capable of correlating with the other attributes of the soil, such as humidity, productivity, topography and salinity, also presenting ease in measuring the data, an excellent alternative for the development of PA and more sustainable agronomic planning
A legitimidade do processo de formação das leis pela participação da sociedade civil: a comissão de legislação participativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Seleghim, Ariane Duarte; Moraes, Renato Almeida de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7510744968129427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3977588363021961
Habermas’ contemporary democratic theory brings a very important question regarding to the formation of laws and its legitimacy: beyond the formal procedure previously established for the construction of the fundamental normative outline to the Democratic Rule-of-Law State (Weber’s instrumental rationality), the institutional engineering focused on the law formation shows itself compromised only with the democratic systematic, when it observes the “practical-moral reasoning”, which proposes the forecasting of the moral argumentative procedures of those possible affected by the rule, within the production process of the legal rules. This is about the necessity of permeability of the legislative process to demands and pleas from civil society. The Participative Rule Committee, institutionalized instrument of promotion of this permeability: receives suggestions and demands from civil society, converting them into bills. Observing the demands received by the committee, it was possible to conclude that civil society took its place in the institutionalized participation and more: that the demand for more participation in law formation (public hearings) increased more and more.
Efeito do tipo de adubação no crescimento inicial de sete espécies arbóreas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Zepon, Felipe Adauto de Oliveira; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4986653252822655
The degradation of forests in tropical regions caused by anthropic actions, mainly due to agricultural activities, has resulted in impacts such as the loss of ecosystem functions and services. This degradation results in changes in soil chemical and physical properties, and biological communities. Forest restoration aims to minimize these impacts, through the reintroduction of native tree species. Understanding the mechanisms involved between the performance of different plant species and the state of soil degradation can lead to more efficient forest restoration practices. This study experimentally evaluated the effects of soil nutrient and organic matter availability on the growth of seven native tree species: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Pterogyne nitens Tul., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Raub., Hymenaea courbaril L., Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze and Terminalia argentea Mart.. We monitored plant initial growth and the changes in soil nutrient availability over time in seedling cultivations under three types of fertilization, one chemical (addition of NPK), and two organic additions, using restaurant waste and cattle manure. The plants were also cultivated in soil without any type of fertilization, which was used as a control. The experiment was conducted in a nursery with irrigation twice a day and monitored for approximately 30 weeks from the germination of each species. Soil chemical analyses were carried out monthly for each of the three treatments, plus control, to quantify the levels of OM, K, P, pH, N, V% (base saturation) and m% (aluminum saturation). A Principal Component Analysis of the chemical parameters showed that the soils were organic fertilizer was added were related to the first axis, which was correlated with OM, P, pH, N and V%, whereas the control was close to m%. The chemical treatments, on the other hand, were related with the second axis, which was correlated with K concentrations. There were no significant differences among organic fertilization, cattle manure and restaurant waste, but these treatments differed from chemical fertilization and control. Plants grown in soil that received organic fertilization had the highest growth, with cattle manure being responsible for the largest average individual size in three of the seven species. Individuals grown in control soils presented the lowest growth. Only three species germinated in the treatment that received chemical fertilization, and they reached intermediate sizes when compared to soils with organic fertilizers and controls.
Aspectos científicos, técnicos, éticos e legais do DNA forense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-16) Millard, George Henry; Schpector, Julio Zukerman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383; Matheucci Junior, Euclides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7986653676367597
The analysis of DNA for the purpose of obtaining genetic profile has become essential for criminal investigation and judicial procedure. Since the origins of the techniques of human identification, nothing has been discovered with greater discriminatory power, between two randomly chosen individuals. Genetic proof has assumed great importance in the courts, however, for the operators of law this whole theme is cloaked in great mystery. The objective of this study was to obtain, and to offer to the operators of Law, a general view on the utilization of genetic profiles, and their consequences for the system, and Brazilian society. However, this powerful tool of human identification, DNA and its interconnections, has been thrust forward by very recent advances, in such volume as to alter in a significant way procedures and results, being obliged to follow the paths beaten by scientists, for a simplified form to put into order the information which has directed the forensic genetics to it's current point in time. A review of human identification was made until the discovery of DNA, its structure, evolution and development. The procedures and the various techniques were analyzed, which were being perfected for the obtaining results from the collecting of biological traces at the crime scene to the laboratory analysis, culminating with automatization by PCR and the elaboration of a genetic profile. DNA in the Forensic world, it's birth and consecration were examined. The presence of the instruments available for working the markets, bestowing greater means of discrimination, the STR tests, the future of the SNPs, the sequence of the second generation, and the obtaining of phenotypic characteristics, were duly dealt with. It was analysed, since its origin and implantation up to the current time, the working of the more significant Genetic Profile Data Banks, its technical and legal concerns, as well as the situation in Brazil, with its advances and obstacles, to become part of the forensic DNA community. Experiments in the testing of carbonized human bones were carried out, for identification in criminal procedure, with full details of the materials utilized, methodology, laboratory equipment and software for analyzing the results, ending up with a conclusive result. Following on the exploratory part was carried out through visits to the most expressive world DNA centres, located in the USA, France, the United Kingdom and Brazil, aimed at by means of interviews to discuss this topic, from technical to ethical aspects, and of the data banks to the operations of the system. Finally, in the discussion, the points observed in the centres of excellence, the results of the interviews, and the possible advantages of each system, in a totally fractioned global posture, were addressed.
Complementação da metodologia de turismo do SEBRAE-SP para formatação de atrativos turísticos sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-19) Oliveira, Cássio dos Santos e; Minasse, Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia Gimenes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6807582118593348; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732228776762928
This is on the assumption that the planning of tourist destination, based on the assumptions of sustainable development should focus on and highlight its tourist attractions, since these enterprises are responsible for promoting the movement of visitors. The organization of tourist attractions impacts the fate of competitiveness in the tourism market. This dissertation has the general objective to complement the methodology called "Method for Construction, Design and Project Implementation Circuits and Tourist Attractions" SEBRAE-SP (2011) with regard to formatting sustainable tourist attractions. The data that support the ideas presented here and the structuring of the methodological complementation were collected from bibliographical and documentary research. The end result is the production of a methodological complementation with a practical and operational approach to self solution format, where the micro and small business segment of the tourist attractions is able to implement on your property the procedures proposed in this work. This methodological complement consists of three stages of development of tourist attractions (interpretation, diagnosis and intervention) that is built on five strategic axes of analysis (product characteristics, physical structure, security, management, promotion and marketing). It is expected that, by contributing to the analysis of formatting sustainable tourist attractions, can be created subsidies for the planning process of tourism destinations, in order to increase the quality of leisure activities and experiences offered, as well as guide professionals who work directly in the management of these tourist facilities.
Desenvolvimento de serious game para auxílio ao enfrentamento da obesidade infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-20) Dias, Jéssica David; Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4911016478774713
Educational games and ludic activities can be useful tools and well received by children to achieve the goal of health education. Technology can offer significant benefits to the educational process, and can help to face the childhood obesity, encouraging the learning process and motivating the child to adhere to their treatment. Based on this, it is seen the importance of the insertion of the serious game for the promotion of health. Given the use of technology by children, it is believed in the potential of these resources for changing behaviors in this population, particularly against children obesity. This study aims to develop a serious game to support the fight against the childhood obesity. This is exploratory, not experimental, applied and quantitative research. For the development of the game, the following steps were made: conceptualization, pre-production with development of the Game Design Document (GDD), prototyping, production and the evaluation from specialists. It was developed a prototype in alpha stage. The game was evaluated positively both in terms of gameplay and mechanics, and in relation to the content presented, standing out the game as a powerful strategy for health promotion. The arising information from the evaluation phase held by experts served as subsidy for adjustments to the software to make it available in the future to the target population. It is expected that the design of this serious game encourages greater inclusion of games in health as well as encourage their use in health education. It is also expected that the results of this study provides evidence to support the importance of different strategies for early interventions in the context of childhood obesity.
Estimação do preço implícito de amenidades urbanas no município de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-21) Reis, Raphael Roberto de Goes; Gomes, Alexandre Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1767897575699754
In recent years, the Brazilian real estate market has faced structural changes, which has impacted the price of residences. As observed for the country, the city of Sorocaba also went through a real estate valuation process, which impacted in many ways different locations in the city. The formation of the price of residences, function of the cost of construction, also depends on external variables, commonly called urban amenities. Urban menities, even though they are part of the real price of residences, are not easily identified or valued by economic agents but are important, mainly for potential consumers of services since they have different perceptions of urban features that are priority. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify and quantify the impact of structural features and urban attributes in property prices in the city of Sorocaba, identifying if there is a regional distribution pattern of properties more and less valued as a result of these attributes. Additionally, this study spatializes the results by districts. The methodology used is the estimation of the values of the amenities is the hedonic pricing model. This methodology proposed by Rosen (1974), implies in practice, in the estimation of a "cost function", with property prices is the dependent variable and the amenities associated with it are independent variables. The data used were the property sales prices and structural characteristics of each property, accessibility variables (schools, hospitals, etc.) and neighborhood structure (population, income and crime). The results suggest that there are urban amenities that are considered by consumers in the formation of properties prices and that there is spatial dependence between the average real estate values in every area of influence of neighborhoods considered in the study.
Determinação sacarimétrica de caldos e melaços provenientes da cana-de-açúcar sem adição de clarificantes químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-22) Zuza, Elder Polo; Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8146169990119011
This work aims to evaluate the performance of an alternative procedure for the instrumental determination of sucrose in industrial sugar cane juices and molasses, using the polarization method as an alternative procedure that do not involves clarifying agents, taking data at 880 nm. Samples from extraction, treatment, evaporation and cooking were used to compare the results from the present proposed method and the conventional one. In the proposed procedure, the filtering auxiliary Celite® [SiO2] replaced the chemical clarifying agent, with advantages concerning costs and lower waste generation, resulting in diminished environmental impact. Sampling was limited to the availability of samples and of operators and the comparisons were performed using the average values as well as the standard deviations, based on paired t-Student test. Inter e intra-day assays were taken to evaluate the robustness of the proposed procedure. Different operators were involved in the measurements with both procedures in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements and accuracy of the proposed method.
Caracterização e eficiência de diferentes meios filtrantes fibrosos na remoção de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Bortolassi, Ana Cláudia Canalli; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3912491491602236
Human exposure to nanoparticles is increasingly becoming a concern, including in the workplace, due to urban and industrial development and the increasing use of motor vehicles. Filtration using fibrous filters is among the various options that can be used to provide efficient elimination of particles. It is known that there has been little research concerning the removal of nanoparticles using these filtration media. The aim of this study was to characterize, evaluate the efficiency and analyze the influence of filtration area on the efficiencies of the filter media HEPA (high efficiency particulate air), glass, micro-quartz, and polyester (300 g/m2) for the removal of nanoparticles. The filtration area was analyzed because is not possible in general to do the experimental testes in laboratory with large filtration area. The evaluation of the filter media depend on the structure of the filters (fiber diameter, thickness, and permeability), the operating conditions (superficial velocity and filtration area), and the characteristics of the filtered aerosols (density and size distribution). The characterization was used to evaluate the filter media and explain some results. Thickness, fiber diameter and permeability are examples of characterization parameters. The experimental setup was used in experimental tests of permeability and efficiency for the 5.3 and 40.7 cm2 filtration areas. A solution of 5 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to generate the nanoparticles in the filtration tests and a constant superficial velocity of 0.05 m/s. Particles were counted before and after passing through the filter media at the beginning of filtration using the electrical mobility technique. At the end of the filtration (one hour), the particles were again counted before and after the filters (in triplicate). The permeability constants of the HEPA, glass, and micro-quartz filters were the lower and they are influenced by the filtration area, while a much higher value was obtained for the polyester filter and showed no significant variation using different filtration area. Altogether, all the filter media were highly efficient in removing nanoparticles during approximately 2 hours of filtration, with the exception of the polyester filter, for which the efficiency decreased with increasing particle diameter.
Obrigatoriedade da educação infantil a partir de quatro anos de idade: percepções de educadores e familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Marchetti, Rafaela; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
This writing addresses three important perspectives: the cycle of Public Policy in Early Childhood Education, in order to understand how it was constituted in Brazil; the reflection on some of the conceptions about Children and Child, intending to understand how the contemporary society conceptualizes them; and investigate how was the process of discussion, drafting and enactment of the Law 12,796 / 13, which obligates children of four years old to be in a school, highlighting issues on the right and the obligation concerning Education. Such perspectives served to trace the research objective, which was to identify the vision of these professionals (managers, teachers, staff) and some families who has children in public schools, and their theoretical conceptions and practices about the implementation of the Law 12,796 / 13. The research has an empirical part performed through semi-structured interviews in three municipal schools of the State of São Paulo. For the analysis, we chose two categories: the professionals and family´s view of education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. In this case, the theoretical concepts were divided into two subcategories: "conceptions of childhood and child"; and "public policies for early childhood education: law and obligation . In a second instance, it refers to a professional view of education and family, in relation to the existence of possible changes in Early Childhood Education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. This was also divided into two subcategories: "Pedagogical Work: teaching and learning" and "Relations between school and family." The participants were not so surprised by the Law 12,796 / 13, and with the issue of right and obligation at the same time, they were not informed about everything that involved a mixture of agreement with the changes in society and the lack of further discussion. Presented on the social function, the concepts were analyzed, such as the child's socialization and the possibility of their autonomy, with a view of the socially accepted behavior, or limits. For the interviewed ones, the child's social life only begins at the moment that enters the school environment, and as soon as that happens, it will have less difficulty in teaching and learning process and in their schooling. For teachers, the improvement of the education quality was centered on family activities with their young children. In this way, the solution to their improvement was intrinsically related to the family.The school being exempted from this commitment. However the family puts their hopes in school education as something that changes the future of their children, which can improve their economic conditions such as work or employment, without questioning their educational and pedagogical actions, as something normal or "natural" . Calls out our attention to the omission of the participants regarding children 0-3 years of age, that is, the babies were not remembered, and not even mentioned, as if the Early Childhood Education started only 4 years old (due to mandatory) and the concernn was restricted mainly to those who were completing 6 years of age due to proximity to the elementary school of the initial series.
Avaliação do desempenho dos meios filtrantes de celulose RAD + e RAD Plus submetidos à filtração de gases a altas pressões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Lima, Bruno de Araújo; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754392911364716
The gas filtration process has several advantages, such as to prevent damage to the environment and health of living beings and to avoid damage in the equipment used in various industrial processes. The filter media applied in these processes can be made of various materials, including metal, fiberglass, polypropylene, polyester and cellulose, with the latter being highlighted by its low cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the cellulose filters RAD + and RAD Plus, through permeability, filtration and porosity of the filter cake tests, when subjected to high pressures using the experimental apparatus located in the Environmental Control Laboratory in the Chemical Engineering Department at UFSCar and talc as particulate matter. The working conditions used in the experiments were pressures of 93, 193, 293, 393 and 493kPa, for the permeability tests, and 93, 293 and 493kPa, for the filtration tests. In the permeability tests, the superficial velocity of the gas was varied from 0 to 0.25m/s, while in the filtration tests, the velocities of filtration were 0.05 and 0.06 m/s. The porosity of the cake filtration was determined by mathematics correlations. The permeability constants calculated for both filter media could be considered constant with pressure. For filtration assays, it could be observed that increasing the pressure of the system was the mass withheld by filter media increased for the same pressure drop, without any significant variation with the filtration velocities studied. It was also observed an increase in porosity and a decrease in the resistance of cake filtration when the system pressure was raised.
Uma proposta de design da interação multimodal para e com a terceira idade para dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Leme, Ricardo Roberto; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208603410270078; Homem, Murilo Rodrigo Petrucelli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080; Silva, Tiago Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3705063712805065
The use of small mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has been growing in various public in Brazil. Even though many devices have features such as touch, gestures, voice, many applications do not adopt such resources to support different ways of interaction. Among the various audiences that have been using the mobile devices in Brazil, it can highlight the elderly person. To understand the needs of elderly audience is important not only observe their actions as well as brings them to inside of the process of development. User Centered Design (UCD) is a methodology that uses models, methods and processes for software design aiming to fulfill the user needs, composed by the steps of research, development and evaluation. Based on the UCD principals, this work presents an approach to support the design of interaction which besides being to the user, is also developed with the elderly user adding to the UCD cycle the techniques of participatory design and of personas. The application developed by the approach allows the elderly users to use the multimodal interaction according to their preferences and to the context of use. The methodology of this work was composed by three steps. First, a systematic review gave the support to the fundamentals and to the delimitation of the work scope. After that, the approach was designed based on UCD method including the participatory aspects. The proposal verification was conducted following the approach phases with the participation of a total of 279 elderly users. The results show that the elderly user, as a active member of the development process, aiding on the identification of real interaction aspects of the application.
Crescimento anódico e caracterização de óxidos coloridos de titânio em eletrólitos alternativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Zaniolo, Karina Marchi; Biaggio, Sonia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389222837865300
A Studies on the anodic growth of oxides that passivate the biomaterial titanium, and their electrochemical, morphological and structural parameters were carried out in this work. The oxides were obtained galvanostatically at 9.7 mA cm-2, in the acetic acid (HAc) and sodium bicarbonate (NaBic) green electrolytes at room temperature, at different concentrations and final anodization potential (Efinal). Besides that, the formation of a spectrum of colors on the anodized Ti cp was investigated, and a correlation between these colors and the anodizing conditions was proposed. The open circuit potential (Eca) measurements indicated that the higher thermodynamic tendency for the Ti passivity occurred in the 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 HAc solutions (~ 0.18 V vs. SCE). On the other hand, the cyclic voltammograms presented the typical valve metal profiles, without evidences of localized corrosion even in a chloride-containing electrolyte (Ringer solution). Moreover, the Ti anodization rates in the different electrolytes were also estimated, with values ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 nm V 1. Both RXD and micro-Raman spectroscopy data allowed to infer that TiO2 is the predominant oxide, partially crystalline and presenting the anatase phase. Finally, SEM analyses indicated rough and porous oxide films for all the anodization conditions. Therefore, the green electrolytes HAc and NaBic, proposed for the Ti anodization process, seem to be promising for producing thick oxides which present good electrochemical and physical properties to be applied as implantable materials.
Aplicação estruturada de dados de redes sociais na modelagem de instrumentos de apoio às decisões de concessão de crédito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-27) Fattibene, Marcos; Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7899523533772398; Périco, Ana Elisa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9275881220224835; Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386
The credit analysis for individuals has traditionally relied on three pillars: documentary proof of income and residence; refers to negative credit bureaus as SERASA and SCPC and the use of forecasting models based on the hypothesis that similar profiles in the future will reproduce the same credit behavior of the past, such as the "credit scores" (HAND; HENLEY, 2007) . This approach has been adequate, while being susceptible to moments of economic crisis or to fast profile changing of the target market, as occurred in the U.S. subprime in 2008. This study aims to point out ways to use Social Networks informational content, where individuals express and record their opinions, preferences, and especially get evident their network of relationships, in the credit analysis context. It was made evident the feasibility to investigate the assumption that an individual's proximity to other appropriate profile payers, or vice versa, influences the repayment rate. To illustrate such a conclusion, a real social network, enriched with credit data obtained by statistical simulation, was used. Three models of data weighting and three other based on multiple linear regression models were developed. In general the results were not statistically significant, by need to use a non-brazilian social network, as well synthetic data bureau score, since real information was not available in this country. It was shown a way to investigate the hypothesis that the informational content of a social network may generate greater efficiency into credit analysis when added to decision-making, operational and control systems of this segment.