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Complementação da metodologia de turismo do SEBRAE-SP para formatação de atrativos turísticos sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-19)
Oliveira, Cássio dos Santos e
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Minasse, Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia Gimenes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6807582118593348
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732228776762928
This is on the assumption that the planning of tourist destination, based on the assumptions of sustainable development should focus on and highlight its tourist attractions, since these enterprises are responsible for promoting the movement of visitors. The organization of tourist attractions impacts the fate of competitiveness in the tourism market. This dissertation has the general objective to complement the methodology called "Method for Construction, Design and Project Implementation Circuits and Tourist Attractions" SEBRAE-SP (2011) with regard to formatting sustainable tourist attractions. The data that support the ideas presented here and the structuring of the methodological complementation were collected from bibliographical and documentary research. The end result is the production of a methodological complementation with a practical and operational approach to self solution format, where the micro and small business segment of the tourist attractions is able to implement on your property the procedures proposed in this work. This methodological complement consists of three stages of development of tourist attractions (interpretation, diagnosis and intervention) that is built on five strategic axes of analysis (product characteristics, physical structure, security, management, promotion and marketing). It is expected that, by contributing to the analysis of formatting sustainable tourist attractions, can be created subsidies for the planning process of tourism destinations, in order to increase the quality of leisure activities and experiences offered, as well as guide professionals who work directly in the management of these tourist facilities.
Desenvolvimento de serious game para auxílio ao enfrentamento da obesidade infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-20)
Dias, Jéssica David
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4911016478774713
Educational games and ludic activities can be useful tools and well received by children to achieve the goal of health education. Technology can offer significant benefits to the educational process, and can help to face the childhood obesity, encouraging the learning process and motivating the child to adhere to their treatment. Based on this, it is seen the importance of the insertion of the serious game for the promotion of health. Given the use of technology by children, it is believed in the potential of these resources for changing behaviors in this population, particularly against children obesity. This study aims to develop a serious game to support the fight against the childhood obesity. This is exploratory, not experimental, applied and quantitative research. For the development of the game, the following steps were made: conceptualization, pre-production with development of the Game Design Document (GDD), prototyping, production and the evaluation from specialists. It was developed a prototype in alpha stage. The game was evaluated positively both in terms of gameplay and mechanics, and in relation to the content presented, standing out the game as a powerful strategy for health promotion. The arising information from the evaluation phase held by experts served as subsidy for adjustments to the software to make it available in the future to the target population. It is expected that the design of this serious game encourages greater inclusion of games in health as well as encourage their use in health education. It is also expected that the results of this study provides evidence to support the importance of different strategies for early interventions in the context of childhood obesity.
Estimação do preço implícito de amenidades urbanas no município de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-21)
Reis, Raphael Roberto de Goes
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Gomes, Alexandre Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1767897575699754
In recent years, the Brazilian real estate market has faced structural changes, which has impacted the price of residences. As observed for the country, the city of Sorocaba also went through a real estate valuation process, which impacted in many ways different locations in the city. The formation of the price of residences, function of the cost of construction, also depends on external variables, commonly called urban amenities. Urban menities, even though they are part of the real price of residences, are not easily identified or valued by economic agents but are important, mainly for potential consumers of services since they have different perceptions of urban features that are priority. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify and quantify the impact of structural features and urban attributes in property prices in the city of Sorocaba, identifying if there is a regional distribution pattern of properties more and less valued as a result of these attributes. Additionally, this study spatializes the results by districts. The methodology used is the estimation of the values of the amenities is the hedonic pricing model. This methodology proposed by Rosen (1974), implies in practice, in the estimation of a "cost function", with property prices is the dependent variable and the amenities associated with it are independent variables. The data used were the property sales prices and structural characteristics of each property, accessibility variables (schools, hospitals, etc.) and neighborhood structure (population, income and crime). The results suggest that there are urban amenities that are considered by consumers in the formation of properties prices and that there is spatial dependence between the average real estate values in every area of influence of neighborhoods considered in the study.
Determinação sacarimétrica de caldos e melaços provenientes da cana-de-açúcar sem adição de clarificantes químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-22)
Zuza, Elder Polo
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Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8146169990119011
This work aims to evaluate the performance of an alternative procedure for the instrumental determination of sucrose in industrial sugar cane juices and molasses, using the polarization method as an alternative procedure that do not involves clarifying agents, taking data at 880 nm. Samples from extraction, treatment, evaporation and cooking were used to compare the results from the present proposed method and the conventional one. In the proposed procedure, the filtering auxiliary Celite® [SiO2] replaced the chemical clarifying agent, with advantages concerning costs and lower waste generation, resulting in diminished environmental impact. Sampling was limited to the availability of samples and of operators and the comparisons were performed using the average values as well as the standard deviations, based on paired t-Student test. Inter e intra-day assays were taken to evaluate the robustness of the proposed procedure. Different operators were involved in the measurements with both procedures in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements and accuracy of the proposed method.
Crescimento anódico e caracterização de óxidos coloridos de titânio em eletrólitos alternativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23)
Zaniolo, Karina Marchi
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389222837865300
A Studies on the anodic growth of oxides that passivate the biomaterial titanium, and their electrochemical, morphological and structural parameters were carried out in this work. The oxides were obtained galvanostatically at 9.7 mA cm-2, in the acetic acid (HAc) and sodium bicarbonate (NaBic) green electrolytes at room temperature, at different concentrations and final anodization potential (Efinal). Besides that, the formation of a spectrum of colors on the anodized Ti cp was investigated, and a correlation between these colors and the anodizing conditions was proposed. The open circuit potential (Eca) measurements indicated that the higher thermodynamic tendency for the Ti passivity occurred in the 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 HAc solutions (~ 0.18 V vs. SCE). On the other hand, the cyclic voltammograms presented the typical valve metal profiles, without evidences of localized corrosion even in a chloride-containing electrolyte (Ringer solution). Moreover, the Ti anodization rates in the different electrolytes were also estimated, with values ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 nm V 1. Both RXD and micro-Raman spectroscopy data allowed to infer that TiO2 is the predominant oxide, partially crystalline and presenting the anatase phase. Finally, SEM analyses indicated rough and porous oxide films for all the anodization conditions. Therefore, the green electrolytes HAc and NaBic, proposed for the Ti anodization process, seem to be promising for producing thick oxides which present good electrochemical and physical properties to be applied as implantable materials.
Obrigatoriedade da educação infantil a partir de quatro anos de idade: percepções de educadores e familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23)
Marchetti, Rafaela
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
This writing addresses three important perspectives: the cycle of Public Policy in Early Childhood Education, in order to understand how it was constituted in Brazil; the reflection on some of the conceptions about Children and Child, intending to understand how the contemporary society conceptualizes them; and investigate how was the process of discussion, drafting and enactment of the Law 12,796 / 13, which obligates children of four years old to be in a school, highlighting issues on the right and the obligation concerning Education. Such perspectives served to trace the research objective, which was to identify the vision of these professionals (managers, teachers, staff) and some families who has children in public schools, and their theoretical conceptions and practices about the implementation of the Law 12,796 / 13. The research has an empirical part performed through semi-structured interviews in three municipal schools of the State of São Paulo. For the analysis, we chose two categories: the professionals and family´s view of education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. In this case, the theoretical concepts were divided into two subcategories: "conceptions of childhood and child"; and "public policies for early childhood education: law and obligation . In a second instance, it refers to a professional view of education and family, in relation to the existence of possible changes in Early Childhood Education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. This was also divided into two subcategories: "Pedagogical Work: teaching and learning" and "Relations between school and family." The participants were not so surprised by the Law 12,796 / 13, and with the issue of right and obligation at the same time, they were not informed about everything that involved a mixture of agreement with the changes in society and the lack of further discussion. Presented on the social function, the concepts were analyzed, such as the child's socialization and the possibility of their autonomy, with a view of the socially accepted behavior, or limits. For the interviewed ones, the child's social life only begins at the moment that enters the school environment, and as soon as that happens, it will have less difficulty in teaching and learning process and in their schooling. For teachers, the improvement of the education quality was centered on family activities with their young children. In this way, the solution to their improvement was intrinsically related to the family.The school being exempted from this commitment. However the family puts their hopes in school education as something that changes the future of their children, which can improve their economic conditions such as work or employment, without questioning their educational and pedagogical actions, as something normal or "natural" . Calls out our attention to the omission of the participants regarding children 0-3 years of age, that is, the babies were not remembered, and not even mentioned, as if the Early Childhood Education started only 4 years old (due to mandatory) and the concernn was restricted mainly to those who were completing 6 years of age due to proximity to the elementary school of the initial series.
Caracterização e eficiência de diferentes meios filtrantes fibrosos na remoção de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23)
Bortolassi, Ana Cláudia Canalli
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3912491491602236
Human exposure to nanoparticles is increasingly becoming a concern, including in the workplace, due to urban and industrial development and the increasing use of motor vehicles. Filtration using fibrous filters is among the various options that can be used to provide efficient elimination of particles. It is known that there has been little research concerning the removal of nanoparticles using these filtration media. The aim of this study was to characterize, evaluate the efficiency and analyze the influence of filtration area on the efficiencies of the filter media HEPA (high efficiency particulate air), glass, micro-quartz, and polyester (300 g/m2) for the removal of nanoparticles. The filtration area was analyzed because is not possible in general to do the experimental testes in laboratory with large filtration area. The evaluation of the filter media depend on the structure of the filters (fiber diameter, thickness, and permeability), the operating conditions (superficial velocity and filtration area), and the characteristics of the filtered aerosols (density and size distribution). The characterization was used to evaluate the filter media and explain some results. Thickness, fiber diameter and permeability are examples of characterization parameters. The experimental setup was used in experimental tests of permeability and efficiency for the 5.3 and 40.7 cm2 filtration areas. A solution of 5 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to generate the nanoparticles in the filtration tests and a constant superficial velocity of 0.05 m/s. Particles were counted before and after passing through the filter media at the beginning of filtration using the electrical mobility technique. At the end of the filtration (one hour), the particles were again counted before and after the filters (in triplicate). The permeability constants of the HEPA, glass, and micro-quartz filters were the lower and they are influenced by the filtration area, while a much higher value was obtained for the polyester filter and showed no significant variation using different filtration area. Altogether, all the filter media were highly efficient in removing nanoparticles during approximately 2 hours of filtration, with the exception of the polyester filter, for which the efficiency decreased with increasing particle diameter.
Uma proposta de design da interação multimodal para e com a terceira idade para dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23)
Leme, Ricardo Roberto
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208603410270078
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Homem, Murilo Rodrigo Petrucelli
The use of small mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has been growing in various public in Brazil. Even though many devices have features such as touch, gestures, voice, many applications do not adopt such resources to support different ways of interaction. Among the various audiences that have been using the mobile devices in Brazil, it can highlight the elderly person. To understand the needs of elderly audience is important not only observe their actions as well as brings them to inside of the process of development. User Centered Design (UCD) is a methodology that uses models, methods and processes for software design aiming to fulfill the user needs, composed by the steps of research, development and evaluation. Based on the UCD principals, this work presents an approach to support the design of interaction which besides being to the user, is also developed with the elderly user adding to the UCD cycle the techniques of participatory design and of personas. The application developed by the approach allows the elderly users to use the multimodal interaction according to their preferences and to the context of use. The methodology of this work was composed by three steps. First, a systematic review gave the support to the fundamentals and to the delimitation of the work scope. After that, the approach was designed based on UCD method including the participatory aspects. The proposal verification was conducted following the approach phases with the participation of a total of 279 elderly users. The results show that the elderly user, as a active member of the development process, aiding on the identification of real interaction aspects of the application.
Avaliação do desempenho dos meios filtrantes de celulose RAD + e RAD Plus submetidos à filtração de gases a altas pressões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23)
Lima, Bruno de Araújo
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754392911364716
The gas filtration process has several advantages, such as to prevent damage to the environment and health of living beings and to avoid damage in the equipment used in various industrial processes. The filter media applied in these processes can be made of various materials, including metal, fiberglass, polypropylene, polyester and cellulose, with the latter being highlighted by its low cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the cellulose filters RAD + and RAD Plus, through permeability, filtration and porosity of the filter cake tests, when subjected to high pressures using the experimental apparatus located in the Environmental Control Laboratory in the Chemical Engineering Department at UFSCar and talc as particulate matter. The working conditions used in the experiments were pressures of 93, 193, 293, 393 and 493kPa, for the permeability tests, and 93, 293 and 493kPa, for the filtration tests. In the permeability tests, the superficial velocity of the gas was varied from 0 to 0.25m/s, while in the filtration tests, the velocities of filtration were 0.05 and 0.06 m/s. The porosity of the cake filtration was determined by mathematics correlations. The permeability constants calculated for both filter media could be considered constant with pressure. For filtration assays, it could be observed that increasing the pressure of the system was the mass withheld by filter media increased for the same pressure drop, without any significant variation with the filtration velocities studied. It was also observed an increase in porosity and a decrease in the resistance of cake filtration when the system pressure was raised.
Aprendizagem relacional em indivíduos surdos prélinguais : exclusão, equivalência de estímulos e superseletividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-27)
Garcia, Lucas Tadeu
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3292626740859106
conventional verbal behavior may present significant delays on this task. The studies reported in this dissertation investigated discriminative repertoires learning by such individuals aiming at describing these processes, identifying difficulties and contributing to the development of technologies of teaching. Chapter 1 experiment assessed learning by exclusion of conditional discriminations between signs of LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language) and pictures and probed for the emergence of speaker repertoires. All participants learned new discriminations by exclusion. Signaling emerged for some but not all participants after learning listener behavior by exclusion. An idiosyncratic verbal repertoire acquired outside from the experimental setting seems to have affected the performance of some participants. In Chapter 2, two experiments evaluated the formation of equivalence classes between signs (set A), pictures (set B) and printed Words (set C) in the same participants. In both experiments, all participants learned the AB baseline relations, responded consistently on symmetry probes (BA) and showed tact responses (BD). In the first experiment of Chapter 2, two out of three participants learned CB baseline discriminations and showed the formation of stimulus equivalence classes. One participant also correctly emitted signs in the presence of printed words (CD). In the second experiment, all three participants learned AB and CB baseline relations, taught with a multiple baseline design across three sets of three words, and showed the formation of nine equivalence classes and the emergency of signaling responses in the presence of printed words. Consistent with previous studies, a rudimentary reading repertoire was taught to five participants via stimulus equivalence. In addition, textual behavior has also emerged for four participants. Chapter 3 experiment aimed to evaluate the occurrence of restricted stimulus control topographies in conditional discriminations learning between printed words and pictures and to develop a procedure to establish adequate stimulus control. Six deaf children were taught three sets of three CB discriminations and were tested for restricted stimulus control. A constructed response matching-to-sample, adapted as a differential observing response (CR-DOR), was used as a remediation procedure for participants who showed overselectivity. CR-DOR was used alone or combined with an identity matching-tosample task between printed words in which S- comparisons showed critical differences in relation to S+. Restrict stimuli control occurred with five out of six participants after they learned CB relations. The CR-DOR procedure, when used alone, was effective in remediating overselectivity with most part of stimulus sets. Although, only the combination of both types of remediation procedures was effective for four children with the first stimulus set. Results showed the importance of evaluating stimulus control topographies while teaching reading repertoires to deaf individuals and suggest that teaching procedures should include such a procedure since the beginning. Taken together, the three studies provided evidence about possible difficulties or potentials these participants may face while acquiring some sorts of relational repertoires and indicated directions for planning effective teaching procedures.
Aplicação estruturada de dados de redes sociais na modelagem de instrumentos de apoio às decisões de concessão de crédito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-27)
Fattibene, Marcos
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7899523533772398
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Périco, Ana Elisa
The credit analysis for individuals has traditionally relied on three pillars: documentary proof of income and residence; refers to negative credit bureaus as SERASA and SCPC and the use of forecasting models based on the hypothesis that similar profiles in the future will reproduce the same credit behavior of the past, such as the "credit scores" (HAND; HENLEY, 2007) . This approach has been adequate, while being susceptible to moments of economic crisis or to fast profile changing of the target market, as occurred in the U.S. subprime in 2008. This study aims to point out ways to use Social Networks informational content, where individuals express and record their opinions, preferences, and especially get evident their network of relationships, in the credit analysis context. It was made evident the feasibility to investigate the assumption that an individual's proximity to other appropriate profile payers, or vice versa, influences the repayment rate. To illustrate such a conclusion, a real social network, enriched with credit data obtained by statistical simulation, was used. Three models of data weighting and three other based on multiple linear regression models were developed. In general the results were not statistically significant, by need to use a non-brazilian social network, as well synthetic data bureau score, since real information was not available in this country. It was shown a way to investigate the hypothesis that the informational content of a social network may generate greater efficiency into credit analysis when added to decision-making, operational and control systems of this segment.
Mudanças estruturais na indústria brasileira: uma análise do período de 1995 a 2009
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-28)
Figueiredo, Helena Loiola de
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Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455553543736709
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9742167586538708
The objective is to analyze the structural changes in the Brazilian industry between 1995 and 2009 considering its intersectoral relations. The structural causes of change were also identified in the industrial product, value added and employment in the industry; analyzed the evolution of linkages of industrial sectors; and checked the probabilities of change in the degree of linkages of these sectors. Such objectives are achieved with the use of input-output analysis via the method of structural decomposition; calculations of linkages index of Ghosh and Rasmussen / Hirschman; and the Markov chain method. From the data analysis it is evident that the structural changes in the industry, from the process of economic liberalization in the 1990s, were to weaken the intersectoral demand of the Brazilian economy. There was an industrial restructuring with increasing of the intermediate demands of intensive natural resources sectors while, especially the intensive scale sectors and with differentiated technology reduced their intermediate demands. The main relation proven in the study is that between 1995 and 2009 there was a reduction in the share of industry sectors in employment,value added and product and a growth service sectors. This transformation was stimulated by technological changes (structural changes in sectoral linkages) and changes in final demand. In such a way that changes in final demand were that most explained the employment growth, the value added growth and the product growth in the economy. In the other way the technological changes contributed to employment growth e value added growth, but reduced economy product in the period.
Implementação da disciplina de libras nas licenciaturas em município do interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-28)
Costa, Otávio Santos
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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LACERDA, C. B. F. de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7858612215951381
Experienced in recent decades important legislative advances regarding the rights of persons with disabilities, especially the right to education. In this context, deaf education is contemplated from the recognition of their language features by Law No. 10436 of 2002 ( Law Libras ) and Decree No. 5626/2005 , which regulates provides for bilingual education for the deaf and the means for their development , including the insertion of Libras of discipline in teacher training courses. This study aimed to investigate the implementation process of Libras discipline in Undergraduate courses of higher education institutions in medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo. It was decided to carry out a qualitative research of descriptive nature, conducted with the two public universities, one federal and one state, and a university center of private initiative divided into three parts: Study I, analysis of documents characterization of disciplines of Libras; Study II , interviews with managers and teachers involved in the implementation process of the Libras discipline ; III study , focus groups with graduates of Libras disciplines of the institutions surveyed . All individuals participating in the study signed the Informed Consent Statement. The results point to the strong resistance of the institutions surveyed front to effect of the propositions of the Decree No 5626 /2005 , but also indicate that although separate the process of its implementation contexts, Libras disciplines seem to be heading for a consolidation with features to collaborate for the training of future teachers with respect to the proposed legislation to deaf education.
Organização do trabalho : ferramentas disponíveis para avaliação e análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-28)
Foltran, Fabiana Almeida
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3445798406709343
Work organization aspects has become increasingly important in the field of ergonomics, since they can affect both the health of workers as productivity, profitability and product quality. Therefore, this thesis has as main objectives to investigate the organization of work in a more conceptual perspective and in a more applied and for that two studies were conducted; one of them being a systematic review and the other a study a application of two different approaches to assessment of the organization. Study 1. Work organization, although currently very studied, does not present a consensus on the concept and also on the tool to be used to evaluate this aspect. This makes it difficult to compare results and to provide scientific evidence. Thus, the aim of the first study was identify the tools available in the literature to assess the organizational aspects of the work environment. Methods: We performed searches in major databases. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies. We included studies that evaluated the organization of work and reporting tool used for this purpose. The psychometric properties of the tools used in the studies were checked and content of the tools was analyzed in the light of NIOSH concept of work organization. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results and Conclusions: The electronic search yielded 4431 references. At the end of the selection process, 43 studies were included and 15 tools were identified to evaluate the organization of work. The tool used for the most os the studies was the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) (49%). Considering the definition of organization of the NIOSH study, only two tools included 50% of items of that definition. The external context of work was neglected in studies, have been evaluated in a single item by the tool proposed by Howard et al. Few psychometric properties were reported in the studies reviewed. Thus, studies are needed to evaluate more organizational aspects systematically and methodological quality to contribute to the conceptual and operational understanding of this construct. Study 2. After identifying these tools, analysis of its contents and considering that for a more accurate assessment of work organization, it might be necessary to consider both the worker's perspective, as the observer, a second study was proposed with the objective of assess the organizational aspects of nursing staff in both perspectives. Methods: A total of 163 nurses of three sectors of the were analysed. Work organization was evaluated using two tools, the JCQ and the checklist proposed by Howard et al. Data were analyzed descriptively and by statistical tests (Chi-square). Results and Conclusions: There was a significant difference between the three sectors for control (p = 0.050) and social support (p = 0.030). The sectors had common aspects related to the general functioning of the hospital. The different aspects related to the task performed, the content of the work, female predominance in the sectors and the possibility of informal break. Few items of the two instruments correlated with each other, suggesting that they contemplate different aspects of the organization. Therefore, it is suggested that these instruments are used in addition. These results confirm the great variety of instruments identified in Study 1 and therefore the lack of consensus on the definition.
Deformação plástica severa em temperaturas ambiente e criogênica, de Ti comercialmente puro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-28)
Mendes Filho, Anibal de Andrade
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033093647135538
One of the most probable fields of applications of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes is that of biological implants, and the most investigated metallic material in this context is titanium and its alloys. The motivation for the present work follows a general tendency which aims to substitute the Ti-6Al-4V alloy for commercially pure Ti; a prerequisite for such replacement being the mechanical strength enhancement of the latter. Lower cost and the absence of the harmful Al and V justify the substitution. For the purpose of strength enhancement a number of SPD processes are available, but very recent investigations showed that the combination of Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with rolling or extrusion gives excellent results. In this work SPD was applied to commercial Ti Grade 2 employing (i) four ECAP passes; (ii) same followed by rolling, at room temperature and (iii) same followed by rolling at 100oC. The focus of the investigation is centred on process (iii), its influence on mechanical properties, work hardening capacity, sensitivity to strain rate, grain size and microstructure. Highest mechanical strength among all other process conditions was produced by only two ECAP passes plus rolling at 100oC. This was achieved by the establishment of a very small grain size and a high density of dislocations. The sub-zero mode of deformation also affected positively the high cycle fatigue behaviour, the Charpy fracture energy and the thermal stability; that was determined by microhardness measurements and calculation of the activation energy for recrystallization employing DSC. Additionally were investigated a series of properties here called technological properties of utmost importance for the final product: Results show that sub-zero SPD is harmful to machinability, benefits corrosion and produces screws for bone implants whose torque limit is above this product specifications but its torque fracture angle is smaller than for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Combinação de infravermelho próximo e ferramentas quimiométricas para análise de material desfibrado de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29)
Carvalho, Renato de
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9560524864750531
The Monsanto Company presents in one of its segments the development of varieties of sugacane which have high productivity. The productive capacity of these clones is measured using at lest six analytical parameters: brix degree, Pol, purity, fiber, juice pol and cane pol. The determination of these parameters is done by instrumental measurements that require intense attention of the operator. Beyond that, in Monsanto, the cost per analysis is the order to R$7.50. Of course, not only the cost per analysis is the main parameter, but how fast the frequency of results to verify if the variety is or isn’t economically viable. The proposal of this professional master’s degree project is to use the near infrared spectrophotometer (NIR) combined with chomometric tools to propose calibration models. These models would be used to provide faster and low costs of the analytical parameters reported above. In realization of this project were used over 7000 NIR spectra were obtained after defibration sugarcane. Spectra were obtained and constructed multivariate calibration models (6300 spectra) with the chemometric tool PLS (partial least squares). The models were created in the Conchal laboratory and validated with 700 spectra that not were part of the calibration database and the validation errors ranged from 0.57 (for brix degrees) to 3.55 (for pol). Furthmore, the models of calibration were used in two other experimental stations of Monsanto. The first is located in Araçatuba (SP) and the second in Mandaguaçu (PR) At this part were tested 3 strategies of transfer calibration (recalibration, model update and slope and intercept) and slope and intercept had the lowest validation errors (around twice lower when compared with no transfer). The professional master degree represented up to now a saving of financial resources around R$ 100.000,00 per harvest.
Diretrizes para um modelo de gestão pública ambiental: avaliação de padrões de consumo dos recursos naturais e destinação adequada dos resíduos no instituto biológico.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29)
Guimarães, Luiz Fernando Vaz
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5815992524543646
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Marques, Silvio Cesar Moral
The environment has been the subject of several studies in almost every areas of knowledge. Thus, several studies have been published to clarify the environmental consequences of the growing impact of human actions. In the present study will address the co nsumption pattern, materials and natural resource economics, the applicability of environmental legislation and proper disposal of waste in the Biological Institute, linked to the Department of Agriculture of São Paulo State , in order to set guidelines for a public environmental management program. A diagnosis of the work already done by the institution revealed the existence of a Quality Management Program and a Waste Management Program , with specific and dependent actions o f the will of some persons. Later interviews were conducted by questionnaires assessing the environmental perception of employees. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, showing that there is some separation and disposal of waste, especially those from laboratories; there is no control of natural resource consumption and environmental actions are specific and dependent on a few people. There is a general interest on the part of employees in environmental improvements, but for this specific sec tor to develop a widely publicized program is needed. Studies of environmental perception are important in the search of tools to design programs of environmental management. The A3P proved to be the most appropriate tool for public institution to be focus ed on public administration, be free and take into account the individual interests of employees and collaborators, when compared to ISO 14001 and Sigma Program
Ocorrência e distribuição de contaminantes emergentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jundiaí - São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29)
Sousa, Diana Nara Ribeiro de
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Fadini, Pedro Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2286561845933226
Three different classes of emerging contaminants were analyzed in surface water samples, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments from the Jundiaí River Basin - SP. The hormones 17-β-estradiol and 17-α-ethinylestradiol were the only compounds that were not detected in the matrices studied. Caffeine was the compound detected with the highest concentrations for water samples, with values up to 25000 μg/L, while in sediment samples and MPS, triclosan was the compound that had the highest concentrations, with 0.90 μg/g 79.1 g/g, respectively. Other compounds more often detected included atenolol, carbamazepine, diclofenac, propranolol and triclosan, with mean concentrations up to 17 ng/L in samples from Piraí Creek and greater than 120 ng/L for samples from Jundiaí River. A seasonal effect was observed in the concentrations of the compounds and the higher values for all of these were obtained for samples from a sampling point located downstream of a sewage treatment plant. It was found a high correlation between the concentrations of detected compounds and the electrical conductivity, which allowed suggesting the use of new contamination markers by sewage. The occurrence of studied compounds was widespread among samples from Rio Jundiaí, showing the high level of environmental impact to which this water body is exposed.
Scaffolds de óxido de titânio e biosilicato para aplicações médicas e odontológicas obtidos com o uso de partículas orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-30)
Fernandes, Mérilin Cristina dos Santos
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Paulin Filho, Pedro Íris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9542027656569433
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
Scaffolds are an alternative to natural grafts to help bone regeneration in large bone defects. Regardless of the material chosen for its manufacture, scaffold should have a suitable dimensional microenvironment to promote osteogenesis and an appropriate mechanical stability for the defect site. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a highly biocompatible ceramic with good osteoconductive properties and high reliability mechanical; biosilicate has excellent bioactivity level. Thus, in order to fabricate scaffolds allying positive mechanical strength and bioactivity characteristics necessary to a good product, biosilicate was pioneered combined with TiO2. Among the techniques available for scaffolds production, the sacrificial template method, in which porosity is generated by thermal elimination of organic materials added to the ceramic matrix, has a low cost, simplicity and versatility. Different sacrificial agents were tested and the presentation of sawdust as a promising material in scaffolds manufacture proved to be innovative and satisfactory. Microstructural analyzes showed that controlled addition of wood sawdust amounts generated a homogeneous and highly interconnected pore structure with 63% apparent porosity and an average pore size higher than 200 μm. Bioactivity tests in SBF showed that after 4 days of immersion has already observed starting precipitation of hydroxycarbonate apatite in products with biosilicate, and after 12 days of immersion the scaffold was fully covered by this mineral. Mechanical tests allowed evaluating the scaffolds behavior when they are requested by tensile efforts, and revealed for samples with maximum porosity obtained, higher values of strength for samples containing biosilicate. The produced scaffolds had success in the pore structure obtained by sacrificial template method being biosilicato addition guaranteed improvements in bioactivity and mechanical strength.
Manejo genético para a conservação ex situ do Mutum-do-Sudeste, Crax blumenbachii (aves, cracidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-30)
Costa, Mariellen Cristine
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2645130303841091
Captive populations of endangered species are often small, isolated, and founded by a limited number of individuals, which makes them more susceptible to genetic drift and inbreeding effects. Thus, the preservation of the maximum genetic variability is a major concern of captive breeding programs, and understanding the levels of population structuring and genetic variability is important for developing management strategies of captive populations. The Red-billed Curassow (Crax blumenbachii) is endemic to the Brazilian lowland Atlantic Forests and is considered extinct in most of its original distribution. A captive breeding program was initiated during the 70s with the independent foundation of two breeding stocks, that posteriorly supplied animals to other aviaries. With the success of the captive propagation, a reintroduction program has started in 1991, and more than 226 animals have been released into the wild so far. However, animals descending from only one aviary have been used, and the capability of other lineages to increase genetic variability in these, and future released populations, has never been investigated. Then, we analyzed the genetic structure and diversity of the founders and two further important breeding facilities reproducing this species, using 8 microsatellite loci. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed two distinct groups that were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and did not present significant evidences of inbreeding. The existence of two distinct lineages in captivity has implications for breeding and reintroduction programs. We recommend populations to be managed as independent units, but admixted individuals should be produced as a manner to increase reintroduction success.