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Caracterização e eficiência de diferentes meios filtrantes fibrosos na remoção de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Bortolassi, Ana Cláudia Canalli; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3912491491602236
Human exposure to nanoparticles is increasingly becoming a concern, including in the workplace, due to urban and industrial development and the increasing use of motor vehicles. Filtration using fibrous filters is among the various options that can be used to provide efficient elimination of particles. It is known that there has been little research concerning the removal of nanoparticles using these filtration media. The aim of this study was to characterize, evaluate the efficiency and analyze the influence of filtration area on the efficiencies of the filter media HEPA (high efficiency particulate air), glass, micro-quartz, and polyester (300 g/m2) for the removal of nanoparticles. The filtration area was analyzed because is not possible in general to do the experimental testes in laboratory with large filtration area. The evaluation of the filter media depend on the structure of the filters (fiber diameter, thickness, and permeability), the operating conditions (superficial velocity and filtration area), and the characteristics of the filtered aerosols (density and size distribution). The characterization was used to evaluate the filter media and explain some results. Thickness, fiber diameter and permeability are examples of characterization parameters. The experimental setup was used in experimental tests of permeability and efficiency for the 5.3 and 40.7 cm2 filtration areas. A solution of 5 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to generate the nanoparticles in the filtration tests and a constant superficial velocity of 0.05 m/s. Particles were counted before and after passing through the filter media at the beginning of filtration using the electrical mobility technique. At the end of the filtration (one hour), the particles were again counted before and after the filters (in triplicate). The permeability constants of the HEPA, glass, and micro-quartz filters were the lower and they are influenced by the filtration area, while a much higher value was obtained for the polyester filter and showed no significant variation using different filtration area. Altogether, all the filter media were highly efficient in removing nanoparticles during approximately 2 hours of filtration, with the exception of the polyester filter, for which the efficiency decreased with increasing particle diameter.
Obrigatoriedade da educação infantil a partir de quatro anos de idade: percepções de educadores e familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Marchetti, Rafaela; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
This writing addresses three important perspectives: the cycle of Public Policy in Early Childhood Education, in order to understand how it was constituted in Brazil; the reflection on some of the conceptions about Children and Child, intending to understand how the contemporary society conceptualizes them; and investigate how was the process of discussion, drafting and enactment of the Law 12,796 / 13, which obligates children of four years old to be in a school, highlighting issues on the right and the obligation concerning Education. Such perspectives served to trace the research objective, which was to identify the vision of these professionals (managers, teachers, staff) and some families who has children in public schools, and their theoretical conceptions and practices about the implementation of the Law 12,796 / 13. The research has an empirical part performed through semi-structured interviews in three municipal schools of the State of São Paulo. For the analysis, we chose two categories: the professionals and family´s view of education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. In this case, the theoretical concepts were divided into two subcategories: "conceptions of childhood and child"; and "public policies for early childhood education: law and obligation . In a second instance, it refers to a professional view of education and family, in relation to the existence of possible changes in Early Childhood Education, after the Law 12,796 / 13. This was also divided into two subcategories: "Pedagogical Work: teaching and learning" and "Relations between school and family." The participants were not so surprised by the Law 12,796 / 13, and with the issue of right and obligation at the same time, they were not informed about everything that involved a mixture of agreement with the changes in society and the lack of further discussion. Presented on the social function, the concepts were analyzed, such as the child's socialization and the possibility of their autonomy, with a view of the socially accepted behavior, or limits. For the interviewed ones, the child's social life only begins at the moment that enters the school environment, and as soon as that happens, it will have less difficulty in teaching and learning process and in their schooling. For teachers, the improvement of the education quality was centered on family activities with their young children. In this way, the solution to their improvement was intrinsically related to the family.The school being exempted from this commitment. However the family puts their hopes in school education as something that changes the future of their children, which can improve their economic conditions such as work or employment, without questioning their educational and pedagogical actions, as something normal or "natural" . Calls out our attention to the omission of the participants regarding children 0-3 years of age, that is, the babies were not remembered, and not even mentioned, as if the Early Childhood Education started only 4 years old (due to mandatory) and the concernn was restricted mainly to those who were completing 6 years of age due to proximity to the elementary school of the initial series.
Avaliação do desempenho dos meios filtrantes de celulose RAD + e RAD Plus submetidos à filtração de gases a altas pressões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Lima, Bruno de Araújo; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754392911364716
The gas filtration process has several advantages, such as to prevent damage to the environment and health of living beings and to avoid damage in the equipment used in various industrial processes. The filter media applied in these processes can be made of various materials, including metal, fiberglass, polypropylene, polyester and cellulose, with the latter being highlighted by its low cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the cellulose filters RAD + and RAD Plus, through permeability, filtration and porosity of the filter cake tests, when subjected to high pressures using the experimental apparatus located in the Environmental Control Laboratory in the Chemical Engineering Department at UFSCar and talc as particulate matter. The working conditions used in the experiments were pressures of 93, 193, 293, 393 and 493kPa, for the permeability tests, and 93, 293 and 493kPa, for the filtration tests. In the permeability tests, the superficial velocity of the gas was varied from 0 to 0.25m/s, while in the filtration tests, the velocities of filtration were 0.05 and 0.06 m/s. The porosity of the cake filtration was determined by mathematics correlations. The permeability constants calculated for both filter media could be considered constant with pressure. For filtration assays, it could be observed that increasing the pressure of the system was the mass withheld by filter media increased for the same pressure drop, without any significant variation with the filtration velocities studied. It was also observed an increase in porosity and a decrease in the resistance of cake filtration when the system pressure was raised.
Uma proposta de design da interação multimodal para e com a terceira idade para dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Leme, Ricardo Roberto; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208603410270078; Homem, Murilo Rodrigo Petrucelli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080; Silva, Tiago Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3705063712805065
The use of small mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has been growing in various public in Brazil. Even though many devices have features such as touch, gestures, voice, many applications do not adopt such resources to support different ways of interaction. Among the various audiences that have been using the mobile devices in Brazil, it can highlight the elderly person. To understand the needs of elderly audience is important not only observe their actions as well as brings them to inside of the process of development. User Centered Design (UCD) is a methodology that uses models, methods and processes for software design aiming to fulfill the user needs, composed by the steps of research, development and evaluation. Based on the UCD principals, this work presents an approach to support the design of interaction which besides being to the user, is also developed with the elderly user adding to the UCD cycle the techniques of participatory design and of personas. The application developed by the approach allows the elderly users to use the multimodal interaction according to their preferences and to the context of use. The methodology of this work was composed by three steps. First, a systematic review gave the support to the fundamentals and to the delimitation of the work scope. After that, the approach was designed based on UCD method including the participatory aspects. The proposal verification was conducted following the approach phases with the participation of a total of 279 elderly users. The results show that the elderly user, as a active member of the development process, aiding on the identification of real interaction aspects of the application.
Crescimento anódico e caracterização de óxidos coloridos de titânio em eletrólitos alternativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-23) Zaniolo, Karina Marchi; Biaggio, Sonia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389222837865300
A Studies on the anodic growth of oxides that passivate the biomaterial titanium, and their electrochemical, morphological and structural parameters were carried out in this work. The oxides were obtained galvanostatically at 9.7 mA cm-2, in the acetic acid (HAc) and sodium bicarbonate (NaBic) green electrolytes at room temperature, at different concentrations and final anodization potential (Efinal). Besides that, the formation of a spectrum of colors on the anodized Ti cp was investigated, and a correlation between these colors and the anodizing conditions was proposed. The open circuit potential (Eca) measurements indicated that the higher thermodynamic tendency for the Ti passivity occurred in the 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 HAc solutions (~ 0.18 V vs. SCE). On the other hand, the cyclic voltammograms presented the typical valve metal profiles, without evidences of localized corrosion even in a chloride-containing electrolyte (Ringer solution). Moreover, the Ti anodization rates in the different electrolytes were also estimated, with values ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 nm V 1. Both RXD and micro-Raman spectroscopy data allowed to infer that TiO2 is the predominant oxide, partially crystalline and presenting the anatase phase. Finally, SEM analyses indicated rough and porous oxide films for all the anodization conditions. Therefore, the green electrolytes HAc and NaBic, proposed for the Ti anodization process, seem to be promising for producing thick oxides which present good electrochemical and physical properties to be applied as implantable materials.