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Biologia da polinização e eficácia de polinizadores em Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Zambon, Vivian; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924842108828762
The pollination is am essential environmental service to the development of various plant species, contributing to the provision of basic human food. Some species, like much of the genus Solanum, may present different floral morphs, which in turn can influence its reproduction. In this context, this study aimed to study the biology of pollination of Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae). The specific objectives were: 1) to analyze the biology and floral morphology of the species; 2) verify the reproductive and sexual system of the species; and 3) to verify the wealth and the behavior of your floral visitors. The study was conducted in two areas of conventional agricultural crop in Estiva Gerbi and Piracicaba, both in the state of São Paulo. The floral visitors were observed between February and June 2014. The data of floral morphometry were collected with the aid of manual caliper and the differences between the measures were tested using the t test. The estimation of pollen production was given by counting the number of grains produced by anther. The number of viable pollen grains was quantified by cytoplasmic staining, with the technique of acetic carmine. To investigate the relationship between the frequency of pollinators and the availability of pollen, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). To check the effectiveness of different pollinators in the formation of fruits and seeds of eggplant, we selected two species of bees with different foraging behaviors: Apis mellifera, which does not vibrate and Exomalopsis diminuta, which vibrates the flower anthers to release pollen. Variance analyses were performed to detect significant differences between fruits developed by both species. The reproductive system was analyzed by the formation of pollen tubes at different times after pollination different treatments are performed. Through the morphometric analysis, there was significant difference between the floral and reproductive structures of different morphs, featuring a polymorphism condition in style size to S. melongena. The observations found the presence of the bee genera Bombus, Xylocopa, Apis, Trigona, Pseudaugochloropsis, Oxaea and Exomalopsis. Concerning the behavior of each species, there has been a change both in relation to the form of collecting pollen on the flower in the length of stay. Concerning the reproductive system, it was noted formation of pollen tubes along the style and the same coming to ovule only in long style flowers, which may indicate a andromonoecious condition for the species under study. It is concluded for S. melongena that the action of pollinators is of great importance for its development, since even being self-compatible, the spontaneous self not proved to be sufficient for effective fertilization of their ovules. There are several species that play role of pollinators, but species with the vibration behavior contribute more effectively to the development of this culture.
Professoras alfabetizadoras em início de carreira: narrativas e saberes em curso de formação continuada online
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Machado, Micheli Fernanda; Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6043276985613024
The early teaching career is a phase of professional development of great importance, since it is a moment in which the teacher will build some of its features, your professional identity and a unique style of teaching. It is characterized by the emergence of conflicts and doubts and also of discovery and learning. In this, as in other phases of his career, the collaboration in the formation of teachers is essential to deal with the complexity of the educational work and the problems of pedagogical practice. This research seeks to understand the construction of the teaching literacy teachers at the beginning of their careers and how they configure their knowledge in the process of continuing education provided in narratives in collaborative group online. It was analyzed from the perspectives of teacher s participants: a) evidence of sources of lifelong learning school specifically for literacy; b) knowledge and practices literacy teachers; c) the importance of narratives in the process of training the participants on your perspective. The results of this research allow to configure the online continuing education course "Teachers Beginners and licensing: Narratives of training in Mathematics and the Portuguese language" as an area of formation and reflection, because if check the contributions of these to the professional development of participants teachers. Among the contributions, the course made it possible to investigate significant moments of the season of schooling, specifically, during the literacy and, identify and analyze evidence of learning sources with the goal of understanding the knowledge that guide the guiding principles of their pedagogical actions at the beginning of their careers. Allowed also, identify and understand literacy teacher s practices and knowledge reported by literacy teachers contributing to understand the construction of the teaching career. Finally, made it possible to understand the importance of narratives in the process of formation of the participants, because when teachers write their narratives from its trajectory of personal life, school, academic and professional, they will discover the meanings attributed to the facts that they lived and, thus, are rebuilding the understanding you have of yourself. To narrate their experiences have negotiated with himself and with others assigning new meanings to these experiences, contributing to the construction of pedagogical practice and the construction of a unique way of being a teacher.
Análise do comportamento termomecânico e da evolução microestrutural durante a laminação de tiras a quente de aços C-Mn via DEFORM™ 3D
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Souza, Antonio Lourenço Batista de; Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615; Balancin, Oscar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3134592517806635
Improving the steel processing is a major focus of the metallurgical industry because the need of materials and products with lower weight and more strength, in addition to increasingly stringent specifications imposed by buyers. The knowledge and kinetic control of the phenomena that occur during hot processing such as recrystallization, precipitation and grain growth are mandatory for the grain size refinement, which is a parameter that determines the properties of semi-finished products. In hot strip rolling the material is subjected to deformation schedules consisting of five to seven passes, with rolling mill arranged one in front of the other, performing a continuous operation. Over the years, several paths have been followed to investigate the industrial processing. One can cite as examples the use of pilot plants, physical simulations, and numerical simulations. The objective of this study was, therefore, to model the process of the hot strip rolling, enabling the analysis of how the process parameters such as temperature, strain, strain rate and austenitic grain size evolve during rolling of the C-Mn steels, using the commercial software DEFORM™ 3D developed for forming processes analysis. Seven rolling passes of an industrial process described were simulated. The results shown a good agreement of the load and temperature levels attained during simulation with the literature values, indicating that the model used to represent the industrial rolling process is suitable. The numerical reconstruction of processing shows clearly the presence of the strain, temperature and strain rate gradients during hot strip rolling mill, generating microstructural gradients. The evolution of rolling process minimizes the gradients, but some ones still remain at the end of rolling process. Thus, this study shows the effectiveness of the model to predict the evolution of the microstructure in a hot rolling process.
Criação de spin-offs à luz da teoria dos custos de transação: uma investigação em universidades e institutos de pesquisa da região sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Soares, Thiago José Cysneiros Cavalcanti; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353124952756626
Spin-off companies can be defined as firms founded to exploit intellectual property or specific capabilities developed at universities and research institutes. In this context, the main goal of this work was to understand from the perspective of Transaction Costs Theory which are the main factors responsible for the creation of such companies in universities and research institutes of southeastern Brazil. In order to do so, a survey was conducted with the Technology Transfer Offices directors of 102 universities and research institutes of this region. Through a literature review in academic entrepreneurship, creation of spin-offs, Transaction Costs Theory and Brazilian innovation system it was possible to develop a theoretical and conceptual model for the creation of spin-off companies. This model indicates that the likelihood of spin-offs creation increases with: (1) low information seeking costs; (2) low bargaining costs; (3) high degree of interaction between researchers and technology transfer offices; and (4) policies aimed to the reduction of transaction costs within the creation process of these companies. The results were investigated through a descriptive analysis and using two separate regression techniques. The first technique used was a logistic regression, which related the (non) existence of spin-offs to the independent variables proposed by the theoretical and conceptual model. The second technique, in turn, was a linear regression using as dependent variable the number of spin-off companies at the investigated institutions per thousand researchers. The data analysis indicated there were signs that lower information seeking costs, high degree of interaction between researchers and technology transfer offices, as well as the existence of policies aimed to reduce transaction costs in the spin-off creation process are favorable for the generation of these companies. Though, there was no evidence that suggest bargaining costs influence the likelihood of the creation of spin-offs at universities and research institutes.
Notas sobre o debate entre a modernidade e a tradição nas ideias pedagógicas nas décadas de 1920 e 1930: o esboço de um conflito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Baldan, Merilin; Hai, Alessandra Arce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1459099126062848
The PhD research with the title Highlighting the debate between tradition and modernity in pedagogical ideas during the 1920-1930 decades: the sketch of a conflict is an investigation about pedagogical press and pedagogical ideas. The main source of this research is the Serie Atualidades Pedagógicas, linked to the Collection Biblioteca Pedagógica Brasileira, edited by Fernando de Azevedo, one of the leaders of Brazilian Progressive Education Movements. We delineate the sources over the period from 1931 to 1939 in which the Serie had published the majority of titles linked to Biology and Psychology Sciences, due to the projections of these sciences for innovation of Education by Progressive Education Movements. The research question can be describe in the next questions: How did the aspects of tradition and modernity constituted the pedagogical ideas in Progressive Education Movement in Brazil? What is the contribution of Biology and Psychology in the discussion about the old and new in Education among the titles published in the Serie Atualidades Pedagógicas? . The main aim is to apprehend and analyse the relation between tradition and modernity in the clash of the pedagogical ideas in the first part of the XXth century from the analysis corpus. The specific objectives can be described as in the next points: (a) Comprehend the clash between the tradition and modernity in the Azevedo Pattern in the Serie Atualidades Pedagógicas (1931 to 1939); and, (b) Reveal the contributions of Biological and Psychological Sciences to innovate the pedagogical ideas, considering the concepts of school, teacher and children. The theoretical framework to support our analysis is based on the Cultural History, highlighted theories by Marc Depaepe and Michel de Certeau. The doctoral research was organized in introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The first chapter has the main aim to discuss the theoretical framework used in our source s analysis. The second chapter has the main objective to present the historical, social, economical and cultural context in which is developed the society, the education and Fernando de Azevedo s reforms and his educational discourse. The historical time let us observe a double relationship between social-cultural and educational aspects in concern with the modernization of society and educational reform among the politics, intellectuals and educators in this time. The Azevedo´s viewpoint as journalist, reformer, editor and intellectual let us to comprehend the ways as him organize the titles and authors to compose his Series Atualidades Pedagógicas. The third chapter has the objective to point out the homogeneous and heterogeneous ideas from Progressive Education Movement, the role of Biology and Psychology in the educational thought and analysis of the sources from analytical categories: school s, teacher s and children s conception. In this sense, we can observe that some questions, in circulation during this time, it were common and result in a homogenous ideas among the pedagogical discourse. However, these ideas, representing different ways to interpret, translate, appropriate and uses in the educational field, that is, heterogeneous ideas. The build and development of the sciences occurred pari passu with the appropriations and results in a vary among the scientific filed. The biological and psychological sciences conducted to discovery and review of child´s, teacher´s and school´s concepts. In summ, it is important to observe the demithyfication of intellectuals and hegemonic pedagogical discourse to find the aspects of continuum and disrupt in the educational practices.
A busca pelo parto natural e motivações para o preparo do assoalho pélvico com o epi-no
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Santos, Silvana dos; Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031
This work entitled "The search for natural childbirth and motivations to prepare the pelvic diaphragm with the epi-no" has as main objectives: to understand the elements involved in the choice of women for natural childbirth, identify motivations for the preparation of the pelvic diaphragm with the epi-no, seeking natural childbirth and identify the components that facilitate and those that hinder this choice. Was carried out with women who were part of the Epi-no Program, Health Laboratory initiative of Women of University of São Paulo, between 2013 and 2014. This is a qualitative research, for which we used as theoretical and methodological approach, Feminism Dialogic proposed by Lygia Puigvert (2001) and the Critical Communicative Methodology (MCC) proposed by Gomez et al (2006), both anchored in theoretical frameworks of Dialogic Learning, which in turn are based on concept of Communicative Action Habermas (1999) and dialogical of Paulo Freire (1994; 2005). The MCC seeks to identify the transformative dimensions, that is, those that promote or facilitate, in this case, a pleasurable experience of childbirth and cause difficulties dimensions, that is, those that represent a barrier to this experience, both relating to the categories of life and world system. Data collection began in November / 2013, and the analysis was organized as the basic level of analysis proposed by the MCC. Eight women were interviewed, seven of them completed the two phases of the communicative account, according to the methodology and there was canceling an interview, due to loss of material. The women were between 22 and 38 years with predominance of age above 30 years, all had a partner, five were primiparous (1st pregnancy) and two multiparous (2 or more pregnancies), with a history of cesarean section and abortion and all performed in childbirth hospital environment. The results showed that the discovery of pregnancy urged to talk with family, friends and health professionals about natural childbirth; aroused the personal search for information (books, magazines, internet, support groups natural childbirth); motivated to prepare the pelvic diaphragm with epi-no, among others. Childbirth, previously seen as traumatic and surrounded interventions (oxytocin, episiotomy, Kristeller) and suffering, in general gained a new meaning, exchanging a traumatic experience for a autonomous, self-control, fulfilling and unforgettable experience. The dimensions that transformed the labor context were linked to the experience of women and were related to world of life category. The analysis showed that they were more promising than category system, in other words , institutions, spaces, organization systems and guidelines governed by power or money. The processing dimensions were represented by groups who take the initiative to provide the dissemination of knowledge to women or who brought innovations (epi-no equipment, for example). In the case of cause difficulties dimensions, it was observed that the elements that related to the system and those related to the world of life is presented in similar numbers, showing that the woman is motivated to prepare the natural birth is difficult, both in his personal / family life, as in institutions. This work demonstrated that the changes initiated in the world of life category and that women rethought their way to see the birth, overcame their fears and naturelly tried to "convince" people around them. In the population studied was noted that the epi-no reduced lacerations, episiotomies warned, however in some cases did not prevent lacerations 1st degree. It is hoped that this work contribute to reflections on the delivery care model in order to rescue the female autonomy in childbirth and reduce myths and anxiety around the issue, reaffirming the importance, both from a personal point of view as a social and epidemiological , to follow the recommendations of the World Health Organization, as regards the issue of labor and birth.
Uma aproximação do tipo Euler-Maruyama para o processo de Cox-Ingersoll-Ross
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe; Pinto Júnior, Dorival Leão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9633241446303620; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221
In this master's thesis we work with Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) process. This process was originally proposed by John C. Cox, Jonathan E. Ingersoll Jr. and Stephen A. Ross in 1985. Nowadays, this process is widely used in financial modeling, e.g. as a model for short-time interest rates or as volatility process in the Heston model. The stochastic diferential equation (SDE) which defines this model does not have closed form solution, so we need to approximate the process by some numerical method. In the literature, several numerical approximations has been proposed based in interval discretization. We approximate the CIR process by Euler-Maruyama-type method based in random discretization proposed by Leão e Ohashi (2013) under Feller condition. In this context, we obtain an exponential convergence order for this approximation and we use Monte Carlo techniques to compare the numerical results with theoretical values.
Relações educativas no brincar na educação infantil e no ensino fundamental: construção de identidades e autonomia em crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Duarte, Camila Tanure; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9815339060948760
This search focused the relations between children-children and children-teacher in the plays performed in a Kinder Garden group and other in the first year of the Basic Education. The members were seventeen kids from one Kinder Garden group were about five years old and twenty five kids in the first year of the Basic Education were six years old average, in addition to their teachers. The search objective was indentify, describe, analyze and reflect who the relations between children-children and childrenteacher in the plays contribute or not for the identities and autonomy construction. The search question was who the relations between children-children and children-teachers contribute or not for the children‟s identities and autonomy construction? The methodological way sought foundation in qualitative approach of search (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994). The data collection was made from the participant observation of the children groups‟ routine with written records in diaries and photographs. The data analysis reveals that children interpret papers and share Knowledge about the genres female and male to construction their identities in the relations between childrenchildren in the plays. The search also points that in the relations between childrenchildren their organized their self, create rules, choose plays, toys and partners and govern their own plays; in the relations between children-teacher, the teachers share with the kids the role of choices, routine and activities, to contribute for the children‟s autonomy construction.
União pontual por fricção (“friction spot joining”) de alumínio 6181-T4 com compósito laminado de poli(sulfeto de fenileno) e fibra de carbono (CF-PPS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Esteves, João Victor Almeida; Amancio-Filho, Sergio de Traglia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609614295379921; Hage Junior, Elias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687; Canto, Leonardo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2937260438141198
The friction spot joining (FSpJ) emerges as an alternative and innovative technique for producing polymer-metal hybrid structures. This technique was developed and patented by HZG / Germany in 2012. The process uses a combination of tools that by friction generates heat leading to the formation of a polymer layer through the interface and mechanical interlocking between the joints partners. Previous studies have demonstrated the technical feasibility of producing hybrid joints by FSpJ, however, no studies have demonstrated the influence of the process parameters on the joints properties. This study aimed to produce hybrid joints of 6181-T4 aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) laminate composite (CF-PPS) by FSpJ and investigate the influence of process and aluminum surface treatment on the structure and the mechanical strength of these joints. The proper combination of these parameters resulted in hybrid joints with single lap shear force of up to 1861 N (29 MPa) and 3522 N (55 MPa) for double lap joints. This level of shear strength is similar or superior to others metal / polymeric composite joints produced by conventional joining techniques, demonstrating the potential of the FSpJ. The rotational speed (RS) was the parameter with the greatest influence on the shear strength of the joints, followed by the joining time (JT), tool plunge depth (PD) and joining force (JF). Joints that had predominantly cohesive fracture showed higher shear strength. Joints that were cooled at lower rates showed higher joint shear strength, regardless the heat input, due to lower residual stress at the interface of these joints. Through simple aluminum surface treatment (griding followed by acid pickling) it was possible to achieve an increasing up to 160% in the shear strength of the joints.
A escolarização da pessoa com deficiência nas comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia Paraense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Fernandes, Ana Paula Cunha dos Santos; Oliveira, Ivanilde Apoluceno de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6486192420682817; Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8441289836978380
In this doctoral research it is questioned: how does the education of students with special needs who attend schools in riverside communities linked to Belém of Pará system of education? The objective is to analyze the special students educational process who attend schools of riverside communities linked to Belém of Pará metro school system. The methodology approach deals about a historical and dialectical study. The procedures that composed the methodological basis of this work are: literature review, semi-structured interviews, observation (diary and photography), survey and document analysis, social and educational indicators and systematization and analysis of the data. The participants were 04 coordinators, 04 teachers of multifunctional resource room and 05 regular classroom teachers from four islands of Belem: Caratateua, Cotijuba, Combu, Mosqueiro. There were five schools and two teaching units. The results indicated that there is no production involving the theme of this thesis; the INEP data showed a reduction of student with special needs enrollment who lived and studied in the countryside and who lived in the countryside and studied in the city; most of interviewed teachers are effective and female; the data presented by the schools and/ or the teachers are higher than the one presented by the board of education and even by the INEP; There was a difficulty to access the data of some schools from the metro system. About the data from de Pedagogical Unity, only one was showed. All the interviewed teachers have “lato sensu” pos graduate degree e few ones have master degree; charity, depreciation and complacency are concepts that arise when asked about inclusion; some parents do not take their children to the multifunctional clasrooms; in Mosqueiro, there is high demand for students with disabilities in the same classroom on the grounds that there is no other class of the same cycle; there are still some teachers who try to match the student with disabilities to self and to her system experiencing the integration; on the island of Cotijuba, the teacher is itinerant and has no multifunctional resource room with due furnishings; the support team for the multifunctional resource room of the islands of Mosqueiro, Cotijuba and Combu, lies in the inner city of Belem and even with scheduling hardly attend; there is difficulty in having professionals willing to work on the islands, in all areas; on the islands, there is multidisciplinary team for SRM; on the island of Combu; there is no teacher for multifunctional resource room/Special Education, but there are students with disabilities; the multifunctional resource rooms are insufficient for the demands of the island of Mosqueiro; there is a strange relationship between school headquarters and annex; there is education funding proposed by the Department of Education, called "fundinho"; the islands of Cotijuba and Mosqueiro, visualized the collaborative relationship between teachers of common classes and multifunctional resource rooms; the common classroom teachers aim to meet the proposals and suggestions of multifunctional classroom teachers; When necessary, common classroom teachers and multifunctional resource room teachers act together as viewed in Mosqueiro and Cotijuba; it is difficult to teach people with disabilities by the common classroom teachers; However, on the island of Caratateua, there was greater absence of parents; there are reports of violence, family problems and harassment on the islands; transport is insufficient for the demand, and precarious. And yet, there is no necessary adaptations to meet students with disabilities in the boat, in the bus or in the van, including the school bus (School Paths); there are other results listed in this thesis.
Avaliação socioambiental de áreas em recuperação na microbacia do Ribeirão Piraí - em Cabreúva, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Samila, Jaqueline de Almeida; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8391744853165800; Pina-rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Marquez; Gandara, Flavio Bertin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8644084685996791
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Taxa de câmbio e competitividade internacional dos setores de transformação da economia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Rodrigues, Elizeu Elias; Figueiredo, Adelson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4720708258959068
This research aims to investigate the relation that exists between the exchange rate and the international competitiveness of the Brazilian transformation industries classified by level of technology. It begins with a synthesis of the several studies that show the importance of the exchange rate to the development of the country and, particularly to the Brazilian case, it highlights those that point a domestic currency appreciation and stress that appreciation is contributing to put the country down in backward position in technological terms. Therefore, some authors propose the Real should be depreciated relative to Dollar to promote an internal productive diversification and the sophisticated sectors development. That discussion motived us making econometrical analyses and graphics linking exchange rate, exports and international competitiveness index to investigate if exchange rate variations impacted in determinant form and distinctly the internacional competitiveness of Brazilian industries. The methodology was used the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index of Balassa (1965) and VAR models to connect exchange rate and industries exports. The RCA index time evolution was analyzed in graphics together with the exchange rate from 1999 until 2011. The results has been showed that occurred a loss of competitiveness to the majority of national industries and exchange rate appreciation most of the analyzed period still affected the industries in the distinct manner. Finally, almost all industries did not get competitiveness gains in the period of exchange rate depreciation as expected, because they did not have enough time to react.
Sentidos e significações da gestão democrática: da previsibilidade à efetividade nas escolas públicas estaduais do município de Itapetininga/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Moraes, Telma Elizabete de; Marques, Sílvio César Moral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3206410733814738; Evangelista, Francisco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3365546609543722; Lima, Paulo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
The present work casts doubts on the perceptions of parents, students, regular teachers, coordinator teachers and principals from the state schools at the city of Itapetininga as much as the complete sense and meaning of democratic management in the dimension of predictability, effectiveness and implications that they result, through punctual fragments articulated in the literature area. the study was anchored in the premises of search qualitative and quantitative from interviews with the directors of the school and semi- structured questions were led to the participants and for its analysis we searched for four specific categories in which we could see clearly the results from the people who were the subject of study: 1) The signification of democracy, with theorical basis essentially from Bobbio (1998, 2000, 2013); 2) The signification of the representative organs (APM and Conselho de Escola and Grêmio estudantil) with basis on Gohn (2011), Hora (2012), Lima (2013) Riscal (2009) Luiz, Riscal and Ribeiro (2013), Oliveira and Silva (2005), Paro (2007) Ramos and Conti (2013); 3) The administration of democratic schooll studied from Hora (2012), Lima (2013), Lima, Aranda and Lima (2013), (Meirieu (2005), Oliveira (2013), Paro (1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 e 2010); 4) The resignification of the school quality, with theorical reference in Benevides (1996), Enguita (2001), Frigotto (2001), Gentili (2001), Lima (2014), Paro (1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014) and Prado (2014). The contextualization of the do object of research also aroused the investigation of the course and patterns of the school administration in which took place on the republican time, such as the analysis of relation between schoool administration and enterprise administration. These investigations were developed on the theorical basis from Gallindo and Andreotti (2012), Ganzelli (2005), Clark, Nascimento and Silva (2012), Félix (1985), Lourenço Filho (1976), Minto (2012), Penteado and Bezerra (2012), Pereira (2006), Ribeiro (1995), Romanelli (2014), Sander (2005, 2007), Xavier (1992). Our main conclusions are the evidence that the conception of direct democracy imposed itself dominant among the people involved as been the ideal; there is a distance between the concept of democracy stood up by Bobbio (2000) and what the people involved in the study understand; it is not clear yet as for the main elements of representative democracy; there is the understanding about the attributions, the nature and the reasons of the school organs, however, in the representation, it ignores the question on the role of social control of education; there is a conformist trende in a non participation of parents at the make-decision rooms; everybody recognizes that the democratic administration contributes to the quality of education, although, it is necessary to think about which are the indicators of quality in the democratic education and, finally the conclusion is that between the predictability and the effectiveness of democratic administration, there is still a long way to be run.
Desenvolvimento de um sensor de baixo custo e descartável para o monitoramento de odor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Hayashi, Roberto Kenji; Herrmann Junior, Paulo Sergio de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3478230611350302; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0968137674539804
The research proposal was found low cost alternative solution to automatize the classification and selection process to recognize fruit ripeness level using biologic behavior instead of human visual inspection. The goal was to develop low cost and disposable solid state sensor made of office paper with respective equipment for odor monitoring. The concept used to development this sensor was replace the interdigitated electrode with a conductive track using office paper impregnated with an electrolyte that "turns" cellulose fiber in an electrical conductor under gas action. In order to get gas adsorbing surface property for odor monitoring were tested some electrolytes like: Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Calcium Hydroxide and others. This configuration replaced the interdigitated electrode per cellulose fiber doped with an electrolyte, it´s the originality of this research. In the fruit ripening process, the major enzymes involved are pectinase to crack the cell walls responsible for the fruits softening, amylase which degrades carbohydrates to simple sugars responsible for the flavor and hydrolase which reduces the amount of chlorophyll responsible for the fruit color change. The reaction that produces ethylene gas (C2H4) is lipids oxidation, the main gas exhaled during the fruits ripening process. The equipment adopted to pick up electrical signal is based on resistance and capacitance measuring that showed reversible electrical signal variation basically due the track geometry and cellulose fiber doping with an electrolyte. Another feature found was the office paper sensor decrease resistivity with fruit odors presence. The sensor manufacturing process is simple, basically consist in printing a mask with a negative image of the track by laser printing and office paper impregnation by an electrolyte.
As tendências educativas e aspectos legais da supervisão presentes nos termos de visita da diretoria de ensino de Itapetininga: 1960 a 2000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Chichaveke, Ester; Martins, Marcos Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8132011960040214; Sandano, Wilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9183059530185591; Varani, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971233303849752
The present study aimed to investigate the presence of educational tendencies and the national and state law effect that permeated the teaching supervision action of the School Board of Itapetininga's region between 1960 and 2000. This elements were collated with the supervisor practice, with the analysis results of the files of the terms of business, made by the own supervisors, because of the periodic visits to the schools. To develop the research, we advocate to problematize how the educational tendencies and the legal assumptions emerged in the education supervision practice, owing to the disclosures organized in the file of the terms of business, and by these information as primary source where we try to recover and understand the supervisory action profile and its reverberation in the school environment. We use the bibliographic review as research method, that subsidized the discussions through the way, limits and perspectives of the supervisory action in the light of the educational tendencies who influenced this action and the legal devices who promoted it, beyond the documental research, which focalized the terms of business analysis as a repository of the supervisory actions and experiences. The final considerations and results allege that: the education supervision constitutes and was promoted in the center of the legal rights who determined and characterized it, so the legal constitutives subsidized and defined, fundamentally, the supervisory styles and actions, delimiting competences, powers and tasks that should be fulfilled by the regulatory obligations: the education tendencies studied were present in the terms of business during the four decades of research some praviling, others more scattered; the files demonstrated that the non-critic aproach assumptions but the traditional and technicist prevailed in the supervision job along this researched four decades.
Efeito da descarga de peso e da amplitude de movimento de flexão do ombro sobre a ativação muscular em condições estáticas e dos fatores ergonômicos e psicossociais durante atividade simulada de mouse em estudantes universitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Gonçalves, Josiane Sotrate; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2410914955030654
The movements adopted during computer activities and mobile devices contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. However, there is no consensus about safe range of motion and the effect of weight bearing to reduce overload. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the bilateral muscle activity of descending trapezius and anterior deltoid in different shoulder flexion postures in conditions with and without forearm support in the seated position. The hypothesis was that the forearm support reduce muscle overload compared to the no supported condition, and the reduction this overload would be higher for the greater shoulder flexion angles. Twentythree healthy university students aged between 18 and 31 years were evaluated. The sample size was determined a priori. The electrical activity of the upper trapezius and deltoid muscles were collected bilaterally. The weight bearing was assessed by load cells. A physical therapist positioned the shoulder of the participants at flexion angles of 0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º in conditions with and without forearm support, in randomized order. The results showed that the forearm support reduced muscle activity in different shoulder flexion angles. The forearm support was more important than the shoulder posture to determine muscle overload. However, in this first study a computer task was not evaluated. Besides the forearm support, the modification of the workstation can lead to change in biomechanical exposure and it was not investigated. Another important risk factor is the stress, which can also contribute to neck/shoulder disorders. Thus, the purpose of the second study was to evaluate the effect of the work surface height, weight bearing and the difficulty of the task in the head, upper back and upper arms postures and the electrical activity of the descending portion of the trapezius and anterior deltoid during simulated mouse activity in university students. The study hypothesis was that the high table combined with the high difficulty activity level would result in greater biomechanical overload, i.e. at higher angles of head flexion, upper trunk and shoulders, increased electrical activity of the descending portion of the trapezius muscle and anterior deltoid. Furthermore, it was expected that the weight bearing on the table would reduce muscle activation. Fifteen healthy university students aged between 18 and 31 years were evaluated. The sample size was not defined a priori. The head and upper back flexion angles and the upper arms elevation were evaluated by inclinometers. Muscle activity was collected bilaterally and normalized by the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The weight bearing was evaluated by load cells and included as a covariate for muscle activation. In the simulated task, participants simulated mouse activity with the table at the elbow height (EH) and above the elbow height (AEH) in low (LD) and high difficulty levels (HD). Each condition was evaluated during five minutes in a randomized order. The results indicated that the table in the EH provided greater postural overload of the head and less overload to the shoulders and trapezius muscle. The HD level increased the head and upper back flexion angles. Thus, the head posture seems to be influenced by the table height and task difficulty; the upper back posture is related to the difficulty of the activity and the upper arms posture and trapezius activation were only influenced by table height. Therefore, this study revealed the effect of ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors on muscle activation and posture. The results highlighted the importance of these factors for understanding the risk associated with computer use.
Indústria cultural do entretenimento na escola: a sala de aula no parque de diversões do Hopi Hari
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Lemos, José Roberto; Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
This study aims to contribute to the discussion about the influence of today's technological devices, as well as the cultural entertainment industry by way of amusement parks, in this research, Hopi Hari and its educational laboratory (LEd), as "the ferret education" formal. It is in this complex relationship, which develop many variables, we try to penetrate to obtain information that could indicate how is the co-optation of students for the consumption of entertainment goods, and, through the cultural industry advertising, schools are invited to join these mechanisms disguised as culture, with the convincing element the idea that distraction learning occurs in a more efficient and enjoyable way. For both draw on a field of research that tried to investigate how this co-option in relation to students from a public school and a private of São Carlos, São Paulo State. Our analysis relied mainly on studies done by Critical Theory of Education and the ideas of his classic representatives as Adorno, Horkheimer, Benjamin and others, as well as their more contemporary representatives. The thematic approach was configured into four main chapters: the first sought to emphasize the origin of amusement parks, as well as the influence of the cultural products of the entertainment industry in the human experiences; in the second chapter we emphasize the relationship between the culture industry, schools and parks, highlighting the educational training offered by the Hopi Hari park for teachers in order to bring their students; the third was sought to understand how is the logic of fun as promoting public and private, and the consequences in the training process and the virtual explosion in concentrated distraction; the fourth chapter made the analysis of data obtained in field research as a subsidiary of our hypotheses regarding the concentrated distraction that occurs in the parks as opposed to attention and concentration as necessary requirement acquisition of knowledge.
Avaliação do consenso estratégico na área de produção em pequenas empresas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Saes, Elizangela Veloso; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1253878898506051
This study evaluates the Strategic Consensus in the production area in small companies in São Carlos through the level of the agreement of managers and operators as for the importance of competitive priorities, structural investments and infrastructure policies, associating this theme research of organizational specificities of those companies that foster the consensus. Therefore, in order to explore these issues, this research examines the theoretical background regarding the Strategic Consensus and the specificities of small firms and presents an exploratory analysis derived from a sample consisting of 58% of the study population, accounting for 38 small businesses analyzed. The observations are based on responses from multiple respondents, which are represented by 55 managers and 117 operators. With the assistance of a statistical software, the analyzes were guided primarily in hypothesis testing by Analysis of Variance, non-parametric tests (Friedman and Adjusted Rank Transform), Correlation Analysis and Clusters Analysis. As main results, it is observed that in general it is possible to understand that there is substantial consensus, highlighting the strategic elements related to quality, flexibility, production and infrastructure polices. In addition, to the sample in question, managers and operators tend to give more importance to the competitive priority quality, to establish as infrastructural police more important delegation of responsibility and the least important to the formation of teams. Nevertheless when explored the organizational characteristics of small business in São Carlos before his behavior with regarding to the profile of the existent consensus, technical knowledge, degree of formalization and number of employees were identified as significant factors for the characterization of these companies. These conclusions enable small companies find out their better strategic positioning in sense of getting a more appropriate pattern in terms of Strategic Consensus, as well as becoming this decision achievable.
Interfaces entre redução de danos e educação popular em uma instituição voltada para população em situação de rua em Sorocaba.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Silva, Daniele Cristina da Rocha e; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6450501310179095; Tófoli, Luís Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5025236380342711; Pereira, Dulcinéia de Fátima Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9339578170693084
The main objective of this study was to analyze the conception of education that is implicit in the activities developed by the association "Pode Crer", seeking to understand them from the dialogue between Popular Education and the Health Humanization Policy. The research was conducted by one year of participant observation during which the activities developed by this Association (Drop in, Harm Reduction, Halfway House and some extra activities) were accompanied. The analysis showed several interfaces between the proposal of Harm Reduction and Popular Education on the activities developed by "Pode Crer". It could be also seen how the references used for a better understanding of this Association have a common point: the humanization. Thus, it is an important credibility work of this activity that happens in the invisibility, although with great potential to promote education for the subjects who experience many vulnerabilities from the common management, from shared responsibility, unconditional acceptance, radical listening, horizontal dialogue and aspects that promote meaningful learning at the everyday life of this people
Influência dos íons metálicos na atividade e estabilidade de (hemi)celulases e no processo de sacarificação da biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-02-26) Vasconcellos, Vanessa Molina de; Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9050729757066272
The enzymes involved in the conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass into second generation (2G) ethanol add a high cost to the process. Studies reported in the literature indicate that some metal ions, easily found in nature, improve the activity and stability of enzymes and the biomass saccharification process when added to the enzymatic cocktail. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the strategy of addition of metal ions in the crude enzymatic extract in order to increase the enzyme activity and stability and to improve the saccharification process. For the production of (hemi)cellulase enzymatic complex step, a selected strain of Aspergillus niger was cultivated under solid-state fermentation (SSF), submerged fermentation (SmF) and sequential fermentation (FS). Enzyme production and thermostability were evaluated also considering the effects of pretreatment (using steam-explosion and liquid-hot-water) of the sugarcane bagasse used as carbon source and inducer. For endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes, cultivation under SSF favored production when using steam-exploded and liquid-hot-water pretreated bagasse (both washed). Removal of inhibitors from the pretreated biomass employed in the cultivation media was necessary, because the presence of phenolic compounds restricted fungal growth. The findings revealed that endoglucanase and β-glucosidase produced under SSF were less prone to thermal deactivation. From these results, enzyme complex produced by SSF using the hydrothermal bagasse was selected to evaluate the influence of the divalent metal ions Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn in two concentrations (2 and 10 mM) on enzymatic activity and stability. Most of the ions influenced differently the enzymatic activity and stability, at both concentrations. The most favorable influence was obtained by the Mn+2 ion, increasing by 57% the endoglucanase activity and maintaining the enzyme stable for 72 hours, besides it also showed no negative effects on β-glucosidase and xylanase. The Mn+2 ion was then selected for the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse submitted to different pretreatments. The addition of Mn2+ ion (10 mM) in the saccharification process using enzymatic extracts produced "in house" proved to be very effective by increasing the release of glucose up to 120% when using the acid pretreated bagasse (Bác). The increase was 55% for the washed exploded bagasse (BEXL) and 70% for the liquid-hot-water pretreated bagasse (BHT). Therefore, it was possible to validate that the addition of metal ions is able to positively influence the activity and stability of enzymes, and also the process of enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose biomass.