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Invasibilidade de Hovenia dulcis Thunberg (Rhamnaceae) em Floresta Atlântica no sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Müller, Adelcio; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5926860105977898
Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity conservation, and many studies have been conducted to give an answer to why some ecosystems are more invaded than others. Canopy openness and the litter thickness may be two of the factors to drive the seed germination and establishment of seedling of tree species. Hovenia dulcis is a tree widely distributed in southern Brazil, with intense natural regeneration. It has been reported to be dominant in many natural forests in the southern area of Brazil, where it is considered one of the main exotic species with occurrence in natural forest in this region. This research has the aim to assess whether the colonization time of the species on the remnants is relevant for the invasion process, and if the thickness of the litter and the openness of the canopy are important to forecast the abundance of the H. dulcis. We experimentally addressed which factors are related to the propagule pressure; if the propagule pressure is related to the seedling abundance, if the litter and the canopy openness are associated with the variation on the seedling recruitment; and whether survival and seedling recruitment vary between the treatments under and distant from the mother plant crown. To evaluate the importance of the residence time and the place variables upon the abundance variation of H. dulcis we assessed 25 subpopulations in ten forest remnants, totaling 250 subpopulations. For the trial study in eight remnants, four subpopulations (mother plants) were chosen in each of the eight, totaling 32 subpopulations. In each subpopulation, we delimitated a 1m² plot at the final plot of the mother plant crown, and another at the same direction at a distant twice the crown radius. In each remnant from two subpopulations it has been removed all litter from the plot and the others have just been marked. This experiment was followed for an eight-month period. It has been checked that the H. dulcis colonization time on the forest remnants was not important to forecast the abundance of seedlings and juveniles. Spatial variations on litter thickness and canopy openness explained most part of the H. dulcis abundance variation. This research has rejected the hypothesis that the propagule pressure is related to the H. dulcis seedlings abundance. It also showed that the canopy openness is not related with the abundance of the species. The germination has shown total independence from the extraction of the litter. Nonetheless, it has showed that the mother plant crown exert influence upon the survival of the seedlings, on treatments with or without litter. It has checked that the removal of litter increase significantly the recruitment of seedlings on environments without the influence of adults individuals of H. dulcis, thus showing that the disorders from different origins are fundamental for the initial colonization of the species. There are evidences that the presence of adults individuals of the species favor the establishment of its seedlings, regardless the presence of litter.
Propriedades ácidas e texturais de zeólitas ZSM-5 dessilicalizadas ou desaluminizadas – análise do rendimento e seletividade a olefinas leves durante a transformação de cicloexano e metilcicloexano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Darim, Hélio Rubens Abdo; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2577809202130369
Nowadays, the Brazilian petroleum is extracted from very deep fields and possesses a high naphthenic hydrocarbons composition, which imposes new challenges to refineries and specially to the catalytic cracking process. In that process, the catalyst must act maximizing the production of the highly demanded gasoline, diesel and light olefins from heavy fractions. Taking into consideration the above discussed context, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of basic or acid treatments applied on ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al=12 or 23) in the activity to cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane transformation. XRD and 27Al-NMR showed that the dealuminated zeolites presented an increase in their crystallinity due to the extra-framework aluminum lixiviation. On the other hand, in the desilicated zeolites occurred a decrease in their crystallinity as a consequence of the extra-framework aluminum generation. MEV images do not evidence any morphological change that could have been produced by the acid or basic treatments, however, the desilicated ZSM-5 zeolites treated under harder conditions presented significant textural modifications. As expected, the chemical ICP analyses showed a decrease in the Si/Al ratio in the desilicated zeolites and an increase of that ratio for those dealuminated ones, being the last variation more significative in the external surface of the zeolite crystals, as was evidenced by XPS analyses. Data from NH3-TPD showed that the acid treatment resulted in a higher ratio of strong acid sites, which suffered more deactivation during reaction. N2 fisisorption analyses of the ZSM-5 zeolites, showed that the desilication done at higher temperature was more efficient to mesopore generation. In the cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane transformation, the dealuminated zeolites were less active due to their lower aluminum content, nevertheless were more stable and presented a small increase to light olefins selectivity. The desilicated ZSM-5 zeolites presented higher activity and higher yield to light olefins that were supported by their lower Si/Al ratio and mainly by the presence of mesoporosity that enhanced the reagents and products internal diffusivity.
Efeito da taxa de reforço e da concentração de açúcar na preferência por alimentos de composição tradicional ou light em universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Macedo, Marina Zanoni; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6741519320606547
Food with high sugar concentration exhibits relation with impulsive eating behavior and obesity. This research investigated the effect of different rates of reinforcement and compositions of food, traditional or light, on the choice responses pattern of four undergraduate students. Those foods have similar organoleptic characteristics and different sugar concentration. One study, whith three phases was did, in all of them, two stimuli representing the initial links of a chain-concurrent schedule were presented, simultaneously, to the participants in a computer screen. Choice response in the initial links was followed by the second link of the chain-concurrent schedule. In Phase 1, response in FR1 on the second link was followed by the delivering, in both alternatives, of juice samples with the same composition, flavor and magnitude, an inter-trial interval and another trial. In Phase 2, response in FR1 on the second link was followed by the delivering of samples of traditional juice composition on one terminal link of the chain-concurrent schedule or light juice composition on another terminal link of the chain-concurrent schedule, an inter-trial interval and another trial. In Phase 3, was added primarily contextual stimuli consistent with the structural arrangement indicating which composition would have the juice samples available for each alternative and later this contextual stimuli became inconsistent with the structural arrangement. The sessions presented varied in time. The maximum duration was 10 minutes and occurred, on average, three times a week. The results showed that human subjects have difficult to exhibit maximization in chain-concurrent schedule, have good sensitivity to the different reinforcement rates in chain-concurrent schedule and concentrations of sugar in samples of traditional and light juices composition.
Serviços tecnológicos e atividades inovativas no sistema de inovação de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Pakes, Paulo Renato; Borrás, Miguel Angel Aires; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438042573741789; Quiroga, Oscar Daniel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4066508815247701; Ferrarini, Cleyton Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6048395588990624
To compete globally, companies need to build and accumulate technological capabilities for operation activities and innovation activities. Despite the development of technological capability to innovate primarily take place within companies, other organizations in the innovation system may contribute to this process. In this sense, this study aimed to characterize the industrial innovation activities on a Local Innovation System (LIS) and analyze its fragmentation. The local innovation system of Sorocaba / SP was defined as an object of study. An integrated unique case study was conducted, the sample was composed of 43 companies from various sectors. It has been described the level of knowledge of the companies in relation to innovation legislation, the intention of investments in related technologies to market, management and production, the structure of Research and Development (R&D) and innovation management, relevant factors to the practice of innovation , partnerships for innovation, as well as the demand for technological services in Basic Industrial Technology. In addition, Data collected included the supply of technological services from 19 institutions of science, technology and innovation leading to a comparative analysis in relation to the services demanded by the local industry. Among the results, it was found: a) lack of knowledge about the innovation law; b) the intention of investments in technologies focuses on the areas of production and management c) about half of the companies has innovation management department or R & D department structured; d) interaction with STI public and private institutions has little relevance to the practice of innovation; e) the formation of partnerships to innovate occurs mainly with customers and suppliers; f) the interaction among industries and other institutions from the LIS suggests that the observed level of local interaction is reduced, so that the LIS appears as fragmented.
Nonlinear constrained optimization with flexible tolerance method: improvement and application in systems synthesis of mass integration
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Lima, Alice Medeiros de; Kwong, Wu Hong; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854
Este trabalho visa a otimização não-linear restrita usando o Método das Tolerâncias Flexíveis (FTM) e na aplicação do mesmo na síntese de sistemas de integração mássica. A integração mássica é uma técnica que permite a compreensão global do fluxo de massa dentro do processo, e emprega tais conhecimentos na identificação de melhorias de desempenho e otimização da geração e mapeamento de espécies ao longo do processo. A integração de massa baseia-se nos princípios fundamentais da engenharia química combinada com a análise do sistema usando ferramentas gráficas e de otimização. Neste contexto, o método direto de otimização foi usado como base para melhorias a fim de tornar possível sua aplicação em problemas de síntese de processo, especialmente a integração de massa. O Método das Tolerância Flexíveis é um método direto de otimização que apresenta algumas vantagens como simplicidade e a capacidade de lidar com igualdade e desigualdade sem empregar o cálculo de derivadas. O método utiliza duas buscas para satisfazer a restrição de viabilidade. A busca externa é uma variação do método de Nelder-Mead (ou o método Poliedro Flexível ou FPM) que minimiza a função objetivo. A busca interna minimiza o valor da função formada pelas restrições de igualdade e/ou desigualdade do problema. Esta busca interna pode ser realizada por qualquer método de otimização não linear irrestrita. Neste trabalho, o método das tolerâncias flexíveis foi hibridizado com diferentes métodos irrestritos para realizar a busca interna: BFGS (Método de Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb and Shanno) e Powell modificado. O método estocástico do Enxame de Partículas (PSO) também foi empregado para efetuar a inicialização e geração do ponto de partida viável para sequencial aplicação do método deiii terminístico (FTM e modificações). Outras modificações testadas foram o escalonamento de variáveis, a utilização de parâmetros adaptativos Nelder-Mead e a adição de uma barreira. Os algoritmos propostos neste trabalho foram aplicados a um conjunto de problemas nãolineares restritos que compreende problemas de otimização reais. Os códigos que apresentaram melhor desempenho foram o Método Modificado das Tolerâncias Flexíveis com variáveis escalonadas (MFTMS) e o híbrido FTMS-PSO (o Método das Tolerância Flexíveis com escalonamento de variáveis e hibridizado com PSO). Estes melhores códigos foram aplicados com sucesso na solução de problemas de integração em massa. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho demonstram a capacidade de métodos simples e diretos em lidar com problemas de otimização complexos, como os problemas de integração mássica. Além disso, um problema inédito de integração mássica proposto neste trabalho, a integração mássica de uma biorefinaria de cana-de-açúcar incluindo 1G, 2G e 3G, foi resolvido com êxito com os métodos propostos neste trabalho (MFTMS e FTMS-PSO). A primeira geração (1G) inclui a produção de etanol utilizando o caldo da cana-de-açúcar e produção de vapor e eletricidade pela cogeração. A segunda geração (2G) utiliza a biomassa lignocelulósica para produção de etanol pela rota bioquímica. A terceira geração (3G) inclui a utilização de algas para produção de biocombustíveis (etanol e biodiesel). Os resultados deste estudo de caso fornecem uma indicação de uma forma economicamente viável de conseguir avanços substanciais em termos de consumo de água e redução da poluição.
Desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com síndrome de Rubinstein Taybi - estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Vala, Thaís Mendes; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1284320433601726
The society has been concerned to provide quality of life for people with disabilities. When it comes to people in disability situation, the role of physical education is especially relevant, since it can contribute significantly to the improvement of motor skills and physical condition, in turn, responsible for too typical behavior of human beings. In the case of Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (SRT), the literature shows that there are numerous difficulties of a physical and motor that affect people, SRT is characterized by: - short stature; - Face feature; - Small head; - Slightly deformed ears; - Mental retardation; - Pulmonary stenosis; - Keloid formation in surgical scars; - Foramen magnum extended; - Vertebral and sternal abnormalities; - Thick or curved eyebrows; - Hyperextensible joints; - Pelvis small and inclined; - Stereotyped behavior: clap and sway the body when nervous or anxious. A person with SRT do not need all the features of the syndrome, but a combination of them. Baby stimulation and early intervention are highly recommended for the child with SRT. Appropriate stimuli engines through intervention programs may favor the acquisition of new functions, thus providing the best adaptation of environmental factors and aging to contribute to the education movement, body awareness and her own interaction with the environment. Motor development isintrinsically linked to cognitive and affective areas of human behavior. Thus, each individual is unique in its development and progress to the level that was determined by its environmental and biological conditions together with the special needs of the motor task. The study will contribute to the development of an overview of child motor development with Rubstein Taybi syndrome, and generate ideas and perspectives to other areas. Consist in a case study research exploratory, descriptive and qualitative type, with the aim of analyzing the effects of a motor stimulation program for a child with SRT; propose activities that promote motor development of the child; improve motor skills allowing higher levels of functioning in activities of daily life. A ten years old carrier of the syndrome is a participant in this study. Data collection was performed using the Motor Evaluation Kit Rosa Neto, video camera and computer. Data were organized and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It appears in this study that WFP provided a decrease in risk factors imposed by motor condition Yasmin, giving it autonomy in activities of daily living and consequently improved quality of life.
Operadores lineares em espaços de Hardy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Francheto, Victor Hugo Falcão; Hoepfner, Gustavo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9841981864652647
The present work aims to present an example of linear a functional defined on a dense subspace of the Hardy space H1(Rn) to be built, with the intention of showing that despite the fact that this functional is uniformly bounded on all atoms, it does not extend to a bounded functional on the whole H1(Rn). This example was published by Bownik, M.B [2]. Therefore, this shows that in general is not enough to verify that an operator or a functional is bounded on atoms to conclude that it extends boundedly to the whole space. The construction is based on the fact due to Y. Meyer [1] which states that quasi-norms corresponding to finite and infinite atomic decomposition in Hp(Rn), 0 < p 6 1 are not equivalent. On the other hand it will be given a necessary and suficient condition for when and operator T defined in a dense Hardy subspace Hp(Rn) for 0 < p 6 1 is bounded extended. Such conditions were published by D. Yang and Y. Zhou [3].
Desenvolvimento de uma matriz de fenda instrumentada para o monitoramento reo-óptico do processo de extrusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Santos, Adillys Marcelo da Cunha; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714910313876978
A novel slit-die flow cell is presented for the evaluation of extrusion thermo-mechanical history on the flow character of polymers. The rheo-optical concept is claimed once both flow-birefringence and rheological character of polystyrene are probed during the process. To accomplish this task, three pressure gauges are flush-mounted along the channel of the slit-die to determine the pressure drop of the flowing polymer. Moreover, borosilicate optical windows are adjusted into two different sites in-between the pressure transducers. Thus, one could assess the rheo-optical responses at two different entrance lengths. When studying polystyrene melt, the flow birefringence measurements showed different molecular orientation levels along the channel axial direction, being slightly lower in the second section next to the slit die outlet. The viscosity values measured in-process were lower at the second section of the slit-die. In addition, they were well below that calculated from rotational rheometry. By following the time-temperature superposition, the melt temperatures assessed in real time were found to be considerably higher than those chosen as the set points. This was ascribed to viscous dissipation generated mainly at the extrusion barrel boundaries. The real time assessment of polymer melt by the use of thermocouples agreed with estimated ones from reduced variables method. On the other hand, temperature increments were found to be a function of the mass flow. This is not taken into account on bench techniques due to isothermal flow assumption. Rheo-optical measurements carried out at both steady state and transient mass flow procedure showed that polystyrene behaves as a thermo-rheological material and, apparently, the stress optical rule holds for the processing conditions investigated given the independence of the flow-birefringence versus stress curve slopes with feed rate and temperature set-points.
Conflitos organizacionais na indústria da tecnologia da informação da região de Campinas/SP: relações entre os departamentos de Engenharia, Produção e Qualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Gomes, Geovane Ferreira; Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8675429126256018
This research aims to discuss the organizational conflict among the departments of Production, Quality and Engineering within the consumer goods manufacturing industry of information technology in the region of Campinas/SP. Describes situations where the conflict was observed in one of the companies in the region. From this description and theoretical research on the subject, a questionnaire is prepared which is subjected to 78 professional staff of those departments who have worked in this company and in at least one other company in this sector in the region of Campinas. These professionals were categorized from two vectors: the Department in which they work (Production, Quality or Engineering), and if they were part of the technical body (composed of Engineers, Technicians, Analysts and Technical Managers), or Staff operating body (composed of Supervisors and Operation Managers). Theoretical analysis on the topic is made taking as central axis the Sociological Theory of Conflict of Georg Simmel, for whom the conflict is positive and element constructor of social relations. The questions to be answered are related to the identification of the structural conditions of conflict, understanding if the same is seen as positive or negative by the surveyed ones, if the conflict promotes the change in the structure of the Organization, and if is contained in the observed Organization or whether it is something common to other companies in the region. The answers of the surveyed ones point out that the Department in which they work, the type of position or function, the performance appraisal system and the dynamics of information technology industry operate as structural elements of the conflict. Moreover, the organizational conflict evaluated do not presents itself as positive by tensing the structure instead of overcoming it, and do not enable the maintenance or improvement of the Organization in its positioning in the consumer market share. It is still seen by respondents as common to companies in the region. The survey responses also point to the failure of sociological theory of Simmel in analyzing the conflict in environments where it is uneventful, because it is unable to produce transformation in the social structure of the Organization, and because there are generalizations in his normative theory about the conflict that have not been verified in practice.
O monitoramento metacognitivo em tarefas que envolvem a criatividade verbal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-13) Deffendi, Luma Tiziotto; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1201862251605595
Metacognition involves the knowledge that individuals have with respect to their own cognitive processes, and includes self- monitoring, self-regulation and evaluation of their cognitive activities. This study focuses on the evaluation of metacognitive monitoring via the solicitation of judgements, which can be used as a tool for the assessment of metacognition. From a cognitistic perspective, creativity is the term used to refer to a set of processes that enable variations in concepts, in order to facilitate the development of new ways of grouping ideas. The present study aimed to investigate metacognitive monitoring among university students when performing tasks that involve verbal creative processes. Participants included 82 university students, of both genders, who completed the Torrance’s Verbal Test of Creative Thinking. After finishing the creativity test, they were asked to evaluate their performance (metacognitive monitoring). The Results suggest that the participants appear to have poor metacognitive monitoring skills in tasks involving creativity, since the correlation between actual and estimated performance was weak. Future researches on this subject should address new hypotheses and work to eliminate possible methodological bias in the present study resulting from, for example, the homogeneity of the sample and limitations of the Creativity Monitoring Scale.