Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-04-02"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 16192

Avaliação de programa de educação positiva com recursos tecnológicos para mães que agridem fisicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-02)
Santini, Paolla Magioni
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814753689065215
This thesis involves a compilation of scientific texts and comprises four manuscripts: one book chapter and three Journal papers. Such texts are articulated in order to structure the theoretical support, the development and evaluation of an intervention program to mothers who use corporal punishment, suggesting improvements for future research. The definition of corporal punishment was initially presented, as well as a brief overview of this disciplinary practice in Brazil, identifying strategies to curb and prevent it. A systematic review the Brazilian and international literature on parenting programs focused on the prevention of corporal punishment follows, suggesting the need to develop more programs on this theme with solid methodological rigor. In sequence, the sociodemographic profile, history of violence and disciplinary practices of 40 mothers who use corporal punishment was determined, finding that the mothers justified the physical violence towards the children by nervousness , demonstrating an urgent need to receive specialized guidance. Finally, the program involving Project Parceria s second Unit on Positive Parenting of Children was described in detail, including technological resources: coaching and videofeedback of videotaped mother-child interaction sessions, in a randomized controlled trial. Significant positive results in the post-test measures of mothers in the experimental group were observed in comparison to the control group, regarding decrease of depression scores, increase of children's strengths, as well as diminished behavior problems and hyperactivity. In addition, there was a significant improvement in mother-child positive interaction measured in observation sessions at post-test.
Arquitetura holônica de controle para o despacho multicritérios de AGVs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-02)
Montoro, Flavio Aldrovandi
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6646373158978902
In manufacturing, the search for new techniques to improve the production is always a challenge. These techniques must be adapted to the dynamic environment. A point very dealt in this area is the transportation system which has, as one of its sub problems, the assigning tasks to the AGVs. To solve this problem, it is common to use vehicle dispatching, and these techniques are usually multicriteria. Although they are multi-criteria, is not common contemplate criteria of different sectors of the factory, which could indicate conflicting strategies. Another point that influences the performance of the manufacturing is the control architecture. Traditionally, this architecture is centralized or decentralized, and have pros and cons. To achieve benefits from both traditional architectures, new architectures have been pursued; a widely used option is the holonic. This research presented a holonic architecture control for the dispatch of vehicles using multiple criteria rules, given optimization criteria from different sectors of the factory and providing a global optimization bias. Analyzes were performed to assess the adhesion of the proposed holonic architecture in the manufacturing environment, achieving the inclusion of new elements naturally, analyzing the behavior when an unpredicted event occurs and enabling compliance with different optimization variables belonging to different sectors of the factory.
Caracterização dos profissionais que atuam em repositórios digitais brasileiros: perfil de competências para bibliotecários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-02)
Santos, Elis Gabriela Copa dos
;
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3251932228397101
This work studies open access repositories and the role of information professionals responsible for managing them. The main objective is to understand and delineate the role of the information professional (librarian) in the universe of Brazilian open access repositories as well as conduct a literature review on the changing role of the librarian and their relation to extending the reach of the Open Access movement, and in starting and strengthening the implementation of digital repositories at universities and research centres. The importance of this work is justified by the fact that in Brazil, there are few studies aimed at understanding the relationship between repositories and professionals engaged in their management, as well as the difficulties encountered in this process and the demanded and developed skills by this work. The method adopted was exploratory, using qualitative and quantitative methods, encompassing survey, study, analysis and synthesis of the literature relevant to the study. The empirical data collection phase consisted of the development and submission of surveys to repository managers and others involved in the management of institutional repositories at universities and research centers in Brazil. Furthermore, 20 job announcements for repository staff were analysed, that had been published in England , Ireland, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia between 2012 and the first half of 2014 seeking for information professionals to handle digital information. With the results obtained from the survey responses and the job announcements vacancies, we were able to outline a profile that features five competencies, structured along the dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitudes.
A física do esporte : o desenvolvimento e análise de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06)
Pinheiro, Ederson Donizeti de Sante
;
Souza, Carolina Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152101475247049
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2600599726024080
Potentially Significant Teaching Unit (UEPS), proposal to work the concepts of Mechanics, with high school students from public schools in the city of Orlândia - SP. With the main objective to promote meaningful learning of students, the development of this didactic proposal had as a motivational factor to search for a more effective participation of students through activities that lead them to analyze, question, present and discuss their ideas, being active agent in the teaching and learning process. Based on the general profile of young people in the processes present in their daily lives and in their prior knowledge, were used as motivational strategies, the use of different methodological tools and the relationship between and sports. Through different activities based and selected according tthoe tshee cpornecveioputss knowledge of the student, as the use of videos, experiments and simulations, were studied Newton's laws and how these can be verified in situations related to various sports. Thus, in this work we could verify the importance of motivation and effective participation for the construction of meaningful learning in a school project that promotes life experiences for students.
Caracterização e confecção de briquetes de casca de liquri (Syagrus coronata (Mart) Becc.) para produção de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06)
Scalet, Verônica
;
Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7922806392612027
The Licuri bark is a potential source of biomass for energy production. This study aims at making briquettes and the physicochemical characterization of Licuri bark aiming to expand its use as fuel. The material was collected in Great Cauldron - BA and briquettes were made with five different compositions: 100% Licuri bark (T1), 75% Licuri bark + 25% sugar cane straw (T2), 50% Licuri bark + 50% sugar cane straw (T3), 25% Licuri bark + 75% sugar cane straw (T4) and finally 100% sugar cane straw (T5). The briquettes were measured to obtain the value of its expansion and density, passed through drumming test and was made mechanical test on the tensile strength by diametrical compression. Also were made the following analyzes to Licuri bark: moisture content, density, particle size, ash and volatile content, fixed carbon, high heat value, extraction with hot water and cyclohexane / ethanol, lignin and thermogravimetry analysis. Statistical analyzes were made when appropriate (ANOVA and Tukey's test). The expansion of briquettes stabilized after 24 hours of its confection, about the expansion in height, there was no significant difference between treatments, as for the expansion in diameter treatments with the highest percentage of Licuri bark (T1 and T2) showed the lowest expansion. Finally, for the mechanical test the T1 and T2 differed from the other treatments with larger maximum force (34.09 and 34.64 kgf respectively). The moisture content observed was 11.15% ± 1.31, suitable for energy use. The gross calorific value (4652 Kcal.Kg-1 ± 18), the ash content (3.90% + 1.42) and lignin content (36.86 ± 2.6%) of the observed material are high when compared to other biomass. Therefore, the use of Licuri in order to produce energy can be very important for families living of their extraction, because it has favorable characteristics for such use. Moreover, the production of briquettes may optimize the transport process and the burning of the material.
Zonação e estratificação da fauna subterrânea de Presidente Olegário, noroeste de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06)
Zepon, Tamires
;
Bichuette, Maria Elina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065789621785359
There are several factors that may influence the richness and distribution in the subterranean fauna, just as resource avaiability and distribution, the local climate characteristics, the quality of the habitat and the vegetation surrounding it. Hypogean systems present high degree of endemism and their populations present as intrinsic characteristics a reduced number of individuals and are usually dependent on nutrients imported from the surface. These factors, among other results in an extremely fragile hypogean environment. This study aimed to verify the taxonomics groups that occur in Presidente Olegário caves, located at northwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Along with that it aimed to verify through statistical tests as the biotics and abiotics variables influence the distribution and composition of subterranean fauna of this region. For these purposes, collections using combinated sampling methods occured in five different visiting occasions, contemplating both dry and rainy periods. The Presidente Olegário karst area presented high richness (386 species in seven caves sampled). Four new species and three new records besides four troglomorphic morphotypes were registrated. It was also verified how essential the execution of replics are, since the detection of rare species increases with the number of samplings. The caves presented high taxonomic distinctness and therefore, presented high faunistic singularity. The species distribution is positively associated to abiotics variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), which can promote niche diversification when changed and consequently increase the local diversity. Therefore faunistic patterns can be changed for sazonality influence in the subterranean environment. High values of richness and abundance were registered at the entrance and twilight zones, where higher amounts of organic matter were found. The fauna stratification occurred with some taxa occurring preferentially in certain substrates types, which is probably related to food resources availability. Therefore, the terrestrials communities studied seem to be strutured based on energy resources and thus, a food web was built for these caves. Several impacts are present in Presidente Olegário, such as pasture, agriculture and future projects of gas extration and hidreletrics. Thus, this region with high richness and faunistic singularity and its area of influence should be considered as priority for conservation.
Intervenção Pedagógica para ensino de leitura, escrita e aritmética para uma criança com implante coclear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-07)
Barbosa, Regiane da Silva
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0697461091949522
The cochlear implant (CI) consists of an effective technological resource in the treatment of deafness. The surgery for the CI has been performed by the time children are still one year old. Therefore, the number of deaf children with CI included in the Brazilian education has also increased. Thus, it is crucially important to know and reflect on the education of deaf children with CI included in regular school. They are subjects of special education and might have various special educational needs, which entitle them to specialized educational services. As it has been stated, the present study is based on the following guiding questions: What are the main difficulties that children with CI face in the acquisition of reading and writing? What are the main difficulties that children with CI face in arithmetic? Which activities can contribute to the acquisition of reading, writing and arithmetic by children with CI? To answer these questions the present research aims to apply and analyze pedagogical interventions for the teaching and learning of reading, writing and arithmetic of children with cochlear implants by developing specific activities which can contribute to the achievement of such aim. The development of the research took place through an exploratory, longitudinal, qualitative case study, which had as participant a seven-year-old female child with bilateral profound hearing loss who has been a CI-user since she was three years old. The child in question, in addition to facing the challenges commonly associated with deaf children with CI such as the development of oral language, the development of reading and writing skills as well as inclusion in education, has a peculiar life history: she was born overseas and came to Brazil at the age of seven, after the global economic crisis of 2009. In the Results section, the activities carried out with the child at the Special Education Laboratory of a university in a medium-sized city in the State of São Paulo are described. The activities carried out with the child, based on Gotti (1992) and Costa (1994), were prepared in accordance with her needs and difficulties by aiming at the acquisition of oral language, reading and writing skills in Portuguese and at the acquisition of arithmetic. Visual aids and dramatization resources were used in every intervention session. In the Final Considerations section, the advances and the child’s learning are described, in addition to the main difficulties encountered by her, which consisted of producing texts in Portuguese, interpreting texts and statements of arithmetic activities. Not only has the use of visual aids and drama been effective in the teaching and learning of deaf children, as it is well explored in the concerning literature, but also in the teaching and learning of deaf children with CI. The CI was instrumental in the development and learning of the participating child, because not only did it enable her to develop oral language, but also two languages, an eastern one and the Portuguese language. Furthermore, it enabled her to learn and acquire knowledge and information through such language and, therefore, establish oral communication and socialize, which resulted in her inclusion in the family, at school and in society. In addition to suggestions of work and teaching and learning activities, greater investment in research on the education of children with CI is recommended, thus contributing to national research and to the education and success of these children.
libfluid: a lightweight OpenFlow framework
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-08)
Vidal, Allan
;
Verdi, Fábio Luciano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9143186843657940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0039961041135002
;
Vieira, Gustavo Maciel Dias
Redes-definidas por software (SDN) introduzem um paradigma de controle de redes que é centralizado em um software controlador, que se comunica com dispositivos de rede através de protocolos padronizados para configurar suas políticas de encaminhamento. Implementações existentes de protocolos SDN (como OpenFlow) são geralmente construídas para uma plataforma de controlador ou dispositivo de rede e restringem escolhas como linguagem de programação, versões do protocolo a serem usadas e características suportadas. Uma arquitetura de software que permita controladores e dispositivos de rede usarem o protocolo OpenFlow (em versões existentes e futuras) pode beneficiar desenvolvedores de aplicações de redes e fabricantes, reduzindo o esforço de de desenvolvimento. Para este fim, apresentamos libfluid: um arcabouço leve (simples e minimalista) para adicionar suporte a OpenFlow onde ele for necessário. Construímos uma única base de código para implementar suporte ao protocolo de maneira portável, rápida e fácil de usar, um desafio que envolve escolhas de tecnologia, decisões arquiteturais e a definição de uma API mínimalística. A implementação foi testada com sucesso em todos os cenários propostos e contribui com o estado da arte através de alguns novos paradigmas para arcabouços OpenFlow.
(Re) descobrindo outros mundos rurais por detrás dos canaviais: um estudo do município de Piracicaba, SP e do bairro de Anhumas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-08)
Peres, Alice Miguel de Paula
;
Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7474552535211807
Ensino de professores para o uso de Instrução com Tentativas Discretas para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-08)
Aporta, Ana Paula
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3865029215782402
Nowadays the number of people diagnosed with autism has been rising. For instance, in U.S.A, one in 68 children is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and, proportionally, there s an increasing effort towards training teachers to work with this population. Evidence based studies have been showing favorable outcomes of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) teaching techniques. One of them is called Discrete Trials Instruction (DTI), which is constituted of four parts: a) an instruction (discriminative stimulus), b) a prompt to help the child to respond correctly, c) a consequence for the response. Teachers generally conduct this teaching with one child at time and his/her curriculum is based on individualized evaluation. The current study is presented in two studies with the first aimed to replicate systematically Pollard et al. (2014) using a multiple baseline design among participants who were Brazilian university students. As a continuation, the second chapter aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning to teach interventions for children with autism based on ABA for special education teachers in a Brazilian institution for children with disabilities. In both studies the participants were implementing ITD freely baseline sessions, from the leaves of programs with description of target behaviors that should teach and materials needed for this education that were presented by the experimenter, then participants received one made computerized training four teaching modules to implement the ITD post-training sessions in the same manner baseline. Baseline sessions, training and post-training Study 1 were developed in a classroom at a university in São Paulo and sessions with children with ASD were developed in a special school in São Paulo. All sessions of Study 2 were developed in a classroom of the same school. Similar to Pollard et al. (2014) this study showed that the participants performed correctly DTI after computerized training. Participants took a mean of four hours to complete de four modules of training, and all of them showed 100% of correct responses on the test questions. These results indicate that the E-Learning Training can be a good option to teach people to conduct DTI.
Avaliação da proficiência em inglês acadêmico através de um teste adaptativo informatizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-09)
Silva, Vanessa Rufino da
;
Cúri, Mariana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7025653928429545
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1211180757866065
This work describes the steps for converting a linear paper-and-pencil English proficiency test for academic purposes, composed with multiple choice items that are administered following the admissible probability measurement procedure (Shuford Jr et al., 1966), adopted by the graduate program of Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computing of University of São Paulo (ICMCUSP), Brazil, to a computerized adaptive test (CAT) based on an item response theory model (IRT). Despite the Institute recognizes reliable international English-language exams for academic purposes and non-native speakers, as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS (International English Language Testing System) and CPE (Cambridge English: Proficiency), for instance, it is inconsistent that public universities in Brazil require them as certification because of the cost of approximately US$ 200.00 to US$ 300.00 per exam. The software TAI-PI (computerized adaptive test for English proficiency) was implemented in Java language, used SQLite as database engine, and it shall be offered free of charge for English proficiency assessment of the graduate students from October 2013. The statistical methodology employed for TAI-PI construction was defined considering the history and the aims of the evaluation and adopted the Samejima's graded response model (Samejima, 1969), the Kullback-Leibler information criterion for item selection, the expected a posteriori Bayesian estimation for latent trait (Baker, 2001) and shadow test approach (Van der Linden & Pashley, 2010) for test constraints (content and size of the test, for example). A description of the test design, the employed statistical methods, study results of a real application of TAI-PI to graduate students are presented in this work and the validation studies of the new methodology for pass/fail classi cation, highlighting the good quality of the new evaluation system and examination of improvement with the use of the methods of IRT and CAT.
Desenvolvimento de sistema construtivo e estrutural modular em aço para edificações para fins didáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-10)
Penazzi, Maria Emilia
;
Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5255684877046557
In the context of Construction, the constructive structural system is responsable for considerable parcel of the construction performance after its occupation. First, this research uses a theoretical boarding within a bibliographical revision about concepts of industrialized construction, approaching the current technician scene in Brazil, and confronting some of the main industrialized technologies available today in the segment of construction. Then, it is tried to demonstrated the technique viability of constructive and structural steel system through the development of a module that could be adjust to diferent archetypes of constructions. Such a way, it was opted to the choice of an existing building in the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), called building of theoretical class rooms 7 (AT7), adapting its educational demand into a system modular in steel. For such boarding,the elaboration of solutions techniques, in a flexible and adaptable way to the initial projetual conception was necessary, contemplating not only space geometry in respect to its structure, but also considering closings systems, installations and logistic, inside industrialized construction thematic. As result, a viable technically modulation was elaborated, considering dimensional, structural and logistic points, so it could be applied or adjusted according to some situations of project, inside constructive and structural types boarded in this study. In this manner, the research presents practical character, therefore it is motivated by the necessity of approaching relative real problems to the projetual conception, supplying and fomenting techniques choices about industrialized systems, cooperating in the spreading of the concept of Industrialization in the technician scene.
Avaliação da remoção de material particulado em canal raso gramado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-10)
Shinzato, Alexandre Hideki
;
Moruzzi, Rodrigo Braga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408665052901005
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3063261974918917
The study conducted examined the sediment removal behavior for a lawn channel built full-scale, 100 m in length, slope of 2% and wide base of 0.7 m in the Federal University of São Car them, San Carlos - SP. For this analysis, we simulated runoff for three volumes of downloads 5; 7; 10 m³, represented each with their respective hydrograph and blade height by passing the flood wave. These flows were mixed with the particulate material produced from the local ground of the campus area, sieved to smaller than 75 micron, which is used for varying the initial concentration for tests. The experimental data were fit to a model first order decay, Meira optimum slug flow in through non-linear regression using decay kinetic parameters (k d) and equilibrium concentration (C *). Fractions removed and the mathematical adjustment were evaluated and executed for each single event along the length of the lawn channel monitored in 26 positions. The peak of the hydrograph was investigated in the range of 11 ± 2 L / s and time base (tb) determined at the unloading point on the channel varied from 15, 25 and 35 minutes. The transit time in the channel (tT) was approximately 10.5 ± 2.5 m, corresponding to 0.14 ± speed 0,02 m / s. The maximum efficiency of particulate matter removing over the lawn channel length ranged from 47 to 81% in 20-90 m positions. Whereas all concentrations of investigates, it was found that for 15 minutes tB, the average maximum efficiencies were on the order of 64 ± 3% to ± 26 position of 31 m. TB to 25 minutes the average maximum were of the order of 73 ± 3% to 59 ± 24 m positions. Finally, for 35 minutes tB the average maximum efficiencies were obtained in the range of 65 ± 3% in the 73 ± 15 m positions. The ratio tb / tT correlated 0.98 with the position of maximum efficiency. The maximum removal positions are related to the decay constant (Kd). It was found that 70% of the values of the decay constant (Kd) is between 0.005 and 0.015 s-1, and to disregard the hydrograph represented by tB 15 minutes, 90% of the data is contained in it Halftone 0.005 Kd ≤ ≤ 0.015 s-1 and 85% in the range 0.007 ≤ 0.012 ≤ Kd s-1. It was identified direct and proportional relation of the equilibrium concentration (C *) and initial concentration (Co).
Estudo do envolvimento da neurotransmissão CRFérgica do Núcleo Leito da Estria Terminal (NLET) nas respostas autonômicas desencadeadas pelo estresse por restrição agudo em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-10)
Oliveira, Leandro Augusto de
;
Crestani, Carlos Cesar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9147469159690846
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in behavioral and physiological responses to emotional stress through its action in several limbic structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Nevertheless, the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the BNST in autonomic adjustments during aversive threat is unknown. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the involvement of CRF receptors within the BNST in autonomic responses evoked by the acute restraint stress in rats. For this, we evaluated the effects of bilateral treatment of the BNST with selective agonists and antagonists of either CRF1 or CRF2 receptors in the arterial pressure and heart rate increase and the decrease in tail skin temperature induced by restraint stress. Microinjection of the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 into the BNST reduced the pressor and tachycardiac responses caused by restraint. Conversely, BNST treatment with the selective CRF1 receptor agonist CRF increased restraint-evoked arterial pressure and HR responses and reduced the fall in tail skin temperature response. All effects of CRF were inhibited by local BNST pretreatment with CP376395. The selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 reduced the arterial pressure increase and the fall in tail skin temperature. The selective CRF2 receptor agonist urocortin-3 increased restraint-evoked pressor and tachycardiac responses and reduced the drop in cutaneous temperature. All effects of urocortin-3 were abolished by local BNST pretreatment with antisauvagine-30. These findings indicate an involvement of both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the BNST in autonomic adjustments during emotional stress.
Compreensão de professores de instituição especializada sobre leitura e escrita de alunos com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-10)
Buzetti, Miryan Cristina
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3077411745176722
The objective of this study is to analyze the understanding that teachers serving students with intellectual disabilities in a specialized institution have on the teaching of reading and writing. National theses and dissertations of studies have shown that teaching reading and writing is possible for people with intellectual disabilities based on different theoretical perspectives. The research is qualitative / quantitative exploratory type, the instrument used was a semi-structured interview. It was conducted in four APAEs located in the state of São Paulo, being interviewed a total of 11 teachers who worked with the teaching of students with intellectual disabilities for more than three years. The categories of analysis of the interviews were defined from the content analysis proposed by Bardin. In the data analysis it observed aspects such difficulty by the teacher to define intellectual disability and teaching and learning theoretical confusion - Methodological about the process of reading and writing learning and mostly practices decontextualized teaching and without reflection. The study points out the need to review teacher training, updating and further clarification on this matter and the need for greater interaction between researchers and professionals, thus enabling the socialization practices.
Efeitos do treinamento resistido e da ovariectomia sobre marcadores de biogênese mitocondrial e capacidade oxidativa do músculo esquelético de ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-10)
Barbosa, Marina Rodrigues
;
Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8130370622150343
The decrease of regulate the estrogen production that occurs at menopause is typically followed by increase of several deleterious changes in the skeletal muscle system. Menopause is mimicked experimentally by a technique called ovariectomy. The ovariectomy produces increased total body mass, changes in body composition and lipid profile, reduction in skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) and bone mineral mass (osteopenia). Mitochondria play a crucial role in a myriad of cellular processes including oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthetic pathways and programming of cell death. Alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis markers in ovariectomized rats and the effects of resistance training (RT) and estrogen replacement (RE) are unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ovariectomy (Ovx), RT and ER on markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein expression related to oxidative capacity in the rat gastrocnemius pool. Methods: ER was performed using Silastic® capsules. During the 12-week RT, the animals climbed a ladder with weights attached to their tails. RT began simultaneously for all experimental groups. Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR, and protein content was determined by western blotting. Results: The estrogen deficiency associated with Ovx decreased the gene expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis markers PGC-1α (~73%), NRF-1 (~44%), and TFAM (~53%) (p<0.05) and decreased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK, CREB and AKT, which are related to oxidative capacity, compared to the Sham-Sed group. RT increased PGC- 1α (~59%) and TFAM (~48%) expression compared to the Ovx-Sed group. The combination of RT and ER was superior to the Ovx-Sed and Ovx-RT treatments regarding the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusions: This study showed that ovaries removal affects transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. According to our results and evidence from the literature, and estradiol levels of exercise appear to play an important role in the protection of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of rats.
O supervisor de ensino: atuação na educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-11)
Rustichelli, Deise de Sales
;
Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0650460815749065
The present paper searches into the performance of teaching supervisors in the special education from special classes to resource rooms. Discusses the supervisory action by analyzing the gathered information collected in data forms visit by the teaching supervisors in special classes and in resources rooms of two schools which ones count on those services of educational specialized support (SAPE-s) in network state schools inner São Paulo, at the lapse of time when the change from the special classes to the resource rooms happened (2000-2013) and searches to know, through semi-structured interviews with specialized teachers and teaching supervisors, how do they position themselves in relation to the inclusion of students classified as Intellectually Disabilited ( DI), to the ways of forwarding students to specialized treatment and teaching supervisor's performance in special education. Through a literature search, based on the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, we conducted a historical of the teaching supervision, placing its performance in the history of special education, since the appearence of special classes up to the inclusion movement from the Salamanca Statement and problematize a reality permeated by contradictions in that inclusive education is understood as a justification to classify a large number of students as intellectually disabilited (ID). The analysis of the data forms visit, interviews, legal documents and standards that rule the network state special education system allowed us to understand that discrimination and labeling of students who present learning difficulties are factors that embarasses the student classified as DI to enjoy the right to education, to which everyone, without exception, should enjoy.
O estatuto da alegoria e da interpretação alegórica em Platão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-14)
Orlandi, Juliano
;
Souza, Eliane Christina de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7810540177032001
The theme of this thesis is the use of allegories and allegorical interpretation in the works of Plato. It arises from the verification of a paradox between the occurrences of this rhetorical or literary device and the negative comments that the philosopher addresses sometimes to them. In certain passages of his dialogues, such as the beginning of the Book VII of The Republic (514a to 517a), Plato presents metaphorical narratives which add themselves, without any restriction on his part, with the argumentative development of his ideas. In other parts, however, as at the prologue to the Phaedrus (229c-230a), he expresses unfavorable opinions about the allegories and allegorical interpretation. In this sense, the philosopher seems to reject a discursive device that, paradoxically, he usually employs. My goal is therefore examine comparatively the allegorical passages of the corpus platonicum to reveal its constituent structure and the possible variations to which they are submitted. What I hope, in fact, is to find the theoretical notions that allow dissolve the paradox and restore the internal coherence of platonic thought on the issue of allegories.
Avaliação cognitiva e funcional de idosos usuários do serviço público de saúde e sobrecarga de seus cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-14)
Melo, Beatriz Rodrigues de Souza
;
Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0033841575062011
The changes observed in the morbidity and mortality profile, characterized by the greater occurrence of chronic illnesses and possible functional and cognitive losses due to aging, produce specific demands for health care. The objectives of this study was to evaluate and compare the health, functionality, cognition and mood of the elderly and to assess and compare the health and burden of formal and informal caregivers of elderly at three public health institutions with different care profiles (hospitalization, outpatient and long-term). This is an observational, cross-sectional, comparative with a quantitative approach , approved by the Research Ethics Committee . Data were collected in the first half of 2014, with instrument for sociodemographic, health, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Test, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Basic Activities of Daily Living Scale (Katz ) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton) for seniors, caregivers were applied in the last issue of Zarit Overload Scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire SRQ-20. The sample consisted of 140 elderly persons, with 37 people from a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly (LTCIE), 53 users from a teaching hospital and 50 from the Teaching Health Service (USE), and 50 caregivers, 15 formal caregivers anda 35 informal caregivers, located in an interior city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Elderly subjects in LTCIE, 54.1 % were male, and most entirely dependent for both BADL (51.4 % ), and to IADL (62.2 % ) and 100 % of the evaluated elderly patients with cognitive decline ( average 6.6 points) . At the Teaching Hospital, 50.1 % male , 58.5 % for independent BADL, IADL and 43.4% to 62.3 % of the elderly patients with cognitive decline (mean 17.3 points). At the USE, 68 % female, 59 % for independent BADL, IADL and 40 % to 48% of elderly patients with cognitive decline (average of 19 points). Regarding the presence of depressive symptoms, the incidence in institutions were 29.7%, 41.5 % and 36 %, respectively. Of formal caregivers, there was a predominance of women (86.7 %), and an average of 7.5 hours daily working hours. Emotional stress was evaluated by SRQ-20, showing data that the question " poor sleep " was the most frequent (53.3 % ), followed by questions "feeling tense, nervous or worried " (40%) and " feel -If tired " (40%), revealing that 26.7% were diagnosed with emotional stress. After application of the latest issue of Zarit Scale, 40 % answered feel" a little overwhelmed" and "moderately overloaded" (26.7%). As for the 35 informal caregivers evaluated, it was revealed that 77.1 % of them lived with the elderly . There was a predominance of women (85.7 %), and 42.9 % represented by children , with care time of 6.5 years and an average of 19,8h a day taking care of the elderly. After burden assessment, 31.4 % reported feeling " a little" overwhelmed and 25.7% "very overwhelmed”, revealing that 17 (48.6%) had mild overload. As for the emotional stress the most reported issues were "feeling tense, nervous or worried" (80%), "sad feeling lately" (62.9 %) and "sleep badly" (60%) revealing that 16 (45.7 %) had emotional stress. The results show that the functional and cognitive impairments were identified in different contexts among the elderly, and the related cognitive decline mainly to old age. About caregivers, higher levels of burden and emotional stress were found in informal caregivers. These results reveal the requirement to look at this population’s needs in the different contexts more closely, planning interventions to improve these people’s health and work conditions.
Avaliação das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, metabólicas, marcadores inflamatórios e dos polimorfismos genéticos da APOB e da ECA, em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana e/ou fatores de risco submetidos ao treinamento físico intervalado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-16)
Tamburús, Nayara Yamada
;
Silva, Ester da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120120410847507
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131644950931827
Interval training (IT), combined with pharmacological therapy, has been strongly recommended for the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) and control of cardiovascular risk factors. However, the best protocol to be used it is still unclear. In this regard, the IT protocols based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) can be an effective and safe strategy to prescribe the intensity of the exercise training as well as to promote improvement of the aerobic functional capacity, metabolic profile, cardiac autonomic modulation and to reduce inflammatory markers. Moreover, the adaptive responses to IT may differ between individuals. Part of this biological variability may be explained by the genetic polymorphisms involved in the synthesis of structural proteins or on the circulation enzymes. Based on this context, this thesis involved three studies. The first and second studies were conducted to investigate if the IT, based on intensities between 70 and 110% of the workload obtained in the VAT, could be effective to improve functional aerobic capacity and metabolic profile. Moreover, it was investigated if there was a relationship between the improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation with the reduction of the Creactive protein (CRP) in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. The results of the first study showed that the IT program increased aerobic functional capacity and reduced body mass and body mass index. The second study found that after the IT program, there was an increase of the parasympathetic autonomic modulation that was associated with a reduction in CRP levels. Given these findings, the third study was designed to investigate the improvement of the functional aerobic capacity and changes in lipid profile induced by IT, in relation to the apolipoprotein B (APOB) and the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) genes polymorphisms. In this study, it was observed that the increase of the functional aerobic capacity was associated with the presence of the ACE I allele, whereas patients with polymorphism -7673G>A, in the APOB gene, presented increase of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels over time. Considering the findings from these studies, the IT protocol promoted improvement of cardiac autonomic modulation, increase of aerobic functional capacity, reduction of inflammation e improvement of metabolic profile. These benefits on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems contribute to control of cardiovascular risk factors and primary and secondary prevention of CAD. Moreover, this IT protocol provides new possibilities on cardiac rehabilitation field, with respect to exercise training prescription at the VAT level.