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Caracterização e confecção de briquetes de casca de liquri (Syagrus coronata (Mart) Becc.) para produção de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06) Scalet, Verônica; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7922806392612027
The Licuri bark is a potential source of biomass for energy production. This study aims at making briquettes and the physicochemical characterization of Licuri bark aiming to expand its use as fuel. The material was collected in Great Cauldron - BA and briquettes were made with five different compositions: 100% Licuri bark (T1), 75% Licuri bark + 25% sugar cane straw (T2), 50% Licuri bark + 50% sugar cane straw (T3), 25% Licuri bark + 75% sugar cane straw (T4) and finally 100% sugar cane straw (T5). The briquettes were measured to obtain the value of its expansion and density, passed through drumming test and was made mechanical test on the tensile strength by diametrical compression. Also were made the following analyzes to Licuri bark: moisture content, density, particle size, ash and volatile content, fixed carbon, high heat value, extraction with hot water and cyclohexane / ethanol, lignin and thermogravimetry analysis. Statistical analyzes were made when appropriate (ANOVA and Tukey's test). The expansion of briquettes stabilized after 24 hours of its confection, about the expansion in height, there was no significant difference between treatments, as for the expansion in diameter treatments with the highest percentage of Licuri bark (T1 and T2) showed the lowest expansion. Finally, for the mechanical test the T1 and T2 differed from the other treatments with larger maximum force (34.09 and 34.64 kgf respectively). The moisture content observed was 11.15% ± 1.31, suitable for energy use. The gross calorific value (4652 Kcal.Kg-1 ± 18), the ash content (3.90% + 1.42) and lignin content (36.86 ± 2.6%) of the observed material are high when compared to other biomass. Therefore, the use of Licuri in order to produce energy can be very important for families living of their extraction, because it has favorable characteristics for such use. Moreover, the production of briquettes may optimize the transport process and the burning of the material.
Zonação e estratificação da fauna subterrânea de Presidente Olegário, noroeste de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06) Zepon, Tamires; Bichuette, Maria Elina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065789621785359
There are several factors that may influence the richness and distribution in the subterranean fauna, just as resource avaiability and distribution, the local climate characteristics, the quality of the habitat and the vegetation surrounding it. Hypogean systems present high degree of endemism and their populations present as intrinsic characteristics a reduced number of individuals and are usually dependent on nutrients imported from the surface. These factors, among other results in an extremely fragile hypogean environment. This study aimed to verify the taxonomics groups that occur in Presidente Olegário caves, located at northwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Along with that it aimed to verify through statistical tests as the biotics and abiotics variables influence the distribution and composition of subterranean fauna of this region. For these purposes, collections using combinated sampling methods occured in five different visiting occasions, contemplating both dry and rainy periods. The Presidente Olegário karst area presented high richness (386 species in seven caves sampled). Four new species and three new records besides four troglomorphic morphotypes were registrated. It was also verified how essential the execution of replics are, since the detection of rare species increases with the number of samplings. The caves presented high taxonomic distinctness and therefore, presented high faunistic singularity. The species distribution is positively associated to abiotics variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), which can promote niche diversification when changed and consequently increase the local diversity. Therefore faunistic patterns can be changed for sazonality influence in the subterranean environment. High values of richness and abundance were registered at the entrance and twilight zones, where higher amounts of organic matter were found. The fauna stratification occurred with some taxa occurring preferentially in certain substrates types, which is probably related to food resources availability. Therefore, the terrestrials communities studied seem to be strutured based on energy resources and thus, a food web was built for these caves. Several impacts are present in Presidente Olegário, such as pasture, agriculture and future projects of gas extration and hidreletrics. Thus, this region with high richness and faunistic singularity and its area of influence should be considered as priority for conservation.
A física do esporte : o desenvolvimento e análise de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-06) Pinheiro, Ederson Donizeti de Sante; Souza, Carolina Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152101475247049; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2600599726024080
Potentially Significant Teaching Unit (UEPS), proposal to work the concepts of Mechanics, with high school students from public schools in the city of Orlândia - SP. With the main objective to promote meaningful learning of students, the development of this didactic proposal had as a motivational factor to search for a more effective participation of students through activities that lead them to analyze, question, present and discuss their ideas, being active agent in the teaching and learning process. Based on the general profile of young people in the processes present in their daily lives and in their prior knowledge, were used as motivational strategies, the use of different methodological tools and the relationship between and sports. Through different activities based and selected according tthoe tshee cpornecveioputss knowledge of the student, as the use of videos, experiments and simulations, were studied Newton's laws and how these can be verified in situations related to various sports. Thus, in this work we could verify the importance of motivation and effective participation for the construction of meaningful learning in a school project that promotes life experiences for students.