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O ensino de probabilidade com o uso de mágicas fundamentadas matematicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-23) Ramos, Caroline Lameza; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0956645717031413
This work has as objective to develop the basic concepts of Probability in 9th grade classes of elementary public school in the countryside of São Paulo state. In this regard, was used Mathematical Magic in order to make teaching more pleasant and meaningful, and, concurrentily we also remained the use of pedagogical instrument problem-solving techniques to the development of these activities. The theme was chosen because the fact of being little explored and worked in basic education, even though presenting applications in many areas and in everyday life. The proposals magic involved simple probability situations and practices, and search for the concepts of the tackle issue and instigate creativity, and critical thinking of learners. Thus, the proposed activities improved the mathematical knowledge of learners and developed a different dynamic, providing a greater involvement in class and consequentily providing enhancements on student performance.
Obras humanas e exigências naturais : a significação do homem no seio da natureza em Gabriel Tarde e Henri Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-23) Teixeira, Rafael Henrique; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8685540492368192
This thesis analyses the affinities between Gabriel Tarde's and Henri Bergson's philosophies of nature, focusing on their ideas about the man’s meaning, place and role among the works of nature. I will draw from a double shared postulate : Firstly the admission that a nature, which is creative, fulfills well-defined requirements on the act of creation. Throughout the entire nature we will find an effort of creation operating, which is the source of every one of its products, from matter to man. Secondly the evidence that these products extend the requirements in which they find their purpose or reason of existence with more or less success. Once having discriminated the series of beings which emerges from that great enterprise of creation, Tarde and Bergson locate the man at its crown. This man will be described at the same time as one of its products tied to all that forego his dawn and, as an exceptional one, the product in which will be possible for nature to find a solution to its primordial requirements of creation in an exceptional successful way. Nevertheless this man emerged from the general movement of nature, and by prolonging requirements that are preanthropological, will not be made an immediately absolute success only by the exercise of his freedom, sociability and inventiveness. It will be required the action of exceptional individuals who, dragging humanity by their example, will solve the contradictions that nature's inventive genius just relatively evaded. These individualities will be the mystics that accomplish an analogous role in both Tarde's and Bergson's works. Yet, I will carefully demonstrate that despite these affinities we are not allowed to state a full parallelism between Tardian and Bergsonian developments. According to Tarde the effort that we find throughout nature is an effort of progressive harmonization which seeks to place in agreement one pulsive multiplicity that makes background to what is regular in the universe. According to Bergson it consists on an effort to introduce indeterminacy in the universe of necessity, work achieved by the evolution of the living world that creates organisms whose actions will fight against the inertia of matter.To the former, nature appears as a great compositional plan in which matter, life and man figures as stages in a process that leads to progressively comprehensive harmonies. To the latter, a cosmology which deals with the integration between the cosmos strata is inseparable from a philosophy of life and even from a sui generis biological transfomism. Instead of well-delimited stages, Bergson presents life and matter as tendencies that contradict themselves, from whose clash results the whole organized world and, inside its limits, the humankind as one of the solutions that life found when it has converted the matter, obstacle at first, to instrument.
Episódios de depleção de sódio aumentam a ingestão espontânea de açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-23) Santos, Bruna Maitan; Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656; Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0339253755971890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431404781548427
Motivated behaviors may share common reward mechanisms and crosssensitization. The objective of the present study was to find out if history of sodium depletion, which sensitises sodium appetite, also sensitizes sugar intake rat. Sodium appetite was induced by two treatments that raise the production of angiotensin II, diuretic furosemide combined with 24 hours of removal of ambient sodium or furosemide combined with low dose of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (Furo/Cap); and it was blocked by NMDA antagonist (MK-801). Each treatment was repeated three to fours times with an interval of 4 or 7 days between two repetitions. About 7 days after the last repetition, sucrose-naïve animals entered a first 2-h sucrose test under hydrated and fed (need-free) condition. The sucrose test was repeated once a day for a total of five consecutive days. Animals with history of either treatment that produced sodium depletion ingested more 10% sucrose in the sucrose test than control animals, which were never sodium depleted. The effect was stronger in the first tests for sucrose, after that groups ingested similar amounts of sucrose after the second sucrose test. Repeated intracellular dehydration (gavage of 2 M NaCl), instead of sodium depletion, was ineffective to alter the later sucrose intake test. Systemic administration of MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, combined with Furo/Cap prevented the enhancement observed in 10% sucrose intake. The results suggest that 1) history of dehydration, particularly that involving production of angiotensin II, sensitizes sugar consumption in sucrosenaïve animals, 2) sensitization of sugar consumption depends on plastic events mediated by NMDA receptors.
Desempenho em questões de álgebra do SIMAVE sob a pespectiva dos registros de representação semiótica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-23) Duarte, Ronan Cesar; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5956563006024234
This study aimed to answer the following research question: how students in good yield in the context SIMAVE mobilize semiotic representation registers on issues with algebraic content? The method chosen for this research was qualitative, case study technique. The uniqueness of this study is because the teacher-researcher teach math classes for students in the ninth year of primary school, subject participants, since the sixth grade. On the other hand, our students belong to a school context that has shown good results in the external evaluation system of Minas Gerais, since 2009. We developed and applied a test with students, composed of eight items with four alternatives each. In the resolutions ask the justification of reasoning as a means of access to the written production of our students. The quantitative performance of students revealed to us that our students use what they learn in math classes to develop into effective strategists in obtaining the correct alternative. In the qualitative performance, how the semiotic representation registers were mobilized is directly linked to the role played by this teacher-researcher in the classroom, that is, the written record as a way to express the reasoning is treated in our classes as part fundamental development of mathematics student activities. One of the research results showed that skills SIMAVE assessment matrix to identify the relationship between the algebraic and geometric representations of a first-degree equations system is necessary and sufficient to succeed in resolving issues of this evaluation. However, the written records of our students showed that this ability is insufficient when there is need to link the internal concepts to visual elements of the graph as the slope of the line in the Cartesian plane, for example, as a necessary element to the equation of the composition.
Relatos de professores da educação infantil sobre suas práticas com alunos com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-23) Almeida, Carolina de; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
The Early Childhood Education, Basic Education first step is to be essential in a child's life 0-5 years old. The Law of Directives and Bases of National Education - LDBEN 9.394 / 96 recommends that this stage of education should be afforded activities that promote the integral development of children in their respective aspects: physical, psychological, intellectual and social, complemented by action and Family the community. Moreover, this is a step that proved quite favorable to the inclusion of students with disabilities in ordinary classrooms. Thus, the teacher assumes a role of great importance, since their practice can contribute to the effectiveness of the inclusion of these children in the education sector process. However, as it is still in its infancy the number of jobs focused productions in the inclusion of disabled students in kindergarten, some questions guided this study: What is the vision of early childhood education teachers across the inclusion of students with disabilities included in their classes? How to give their teaching on the inclusive context? To what extent these practices can be considered inclusive? From them the objectives of the study were defined, and the general: Know what they think the public school teachers of early childhood education on the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education context and the specific: Identify, through reports teachers, how they are giving their teaching practices with students with disabilities in inclusive context. The study included 8 Education teachers belonging to the municipal public schools in a mid-sized city of the state of. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide containing 15 questions. Data analysis has been done by grouping issues, because of its proximity, in themes that resulted in 9 themes and sub-themes 2. The results showed that the pedagogical practices of teachers are crucial to ensure the full development of children in kindergarten and the consolidation of school inclusion in this stage of education.