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Medicalização na educação: sentidos de professoras e de uma psicóloga que atua na área educacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Santos, Caio Cesar Portella; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7136341571074964
This study aim to investigate the senses attributed of elementary public school teachers and an educational psychologist about the medicalization problem during the educational process and sought to understand the referral process and assessment of students with suspected learning disorders in the city of Bauru. The study was based in a survey answered by a regular teacher, a teacher for special students and an educational psychologist. The survey was guided by the Historical-Cultural Theory and involved semi-structured interviews, participant observation and records in the field diaries. The results indicated that: a) there is a systematization of the referral process that includes school internal procedures, involving the regular teacher and the teacher for special students, preceding the referral of children with learning disorders for the specialized institutions contracted by the local government; b) there is a great disproportion in public schools between the diagnoses related to school problems when compared to all other possible diagnoses in the field of Special Education, indicating that most of the diagnoses in school are inconclusive or pointing unspecified disorders; c) the reasons highlighted by the participants for the referral of students covered aspects such as lack of attention; disinterest; hyperactivity and difficulties in reading and writing; d) the participants considered that family education contributes to the occurrence of school failure, especially regarding lack of support and the settlement of limits by the parents; e) professional interviewed consider that in certain situations the use of medication is necessary, such as ADHD, regardless the school context and educational activities proposed. We emphasize the need to know how referrals and diagnoses are produced as well as the meanings constructed by the professionals involved in the process in order to discuss them. Finally, we discuss the importance of critically analyze the multiple factors related to school complaints, in order to overcome reductionist views that tend to pathologization and blame the children for not learn in school.
A política nacional de humanização: concepções de equipes de saúde da família do município de João Pessoa – PB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Vieira, Paula Regina Tavares; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4085415151090210
With the creation of the SUS in the Federal Constitution of Brazil in 1988, a new health care model was established. In order to effectively meet the population fully, health policies are necessary increasingly strong and participatory. Thus, the demand for a more humanized and comprehensive care less fragmenting emerged and the HNP came to just take his place of mainstreaming policy across all levels of governments and involving all subjects in a humanized care process. The general objective was to analyze the conceptions of employees of Health teams PNH family from the analysis of the concept of humanization of workers in the ESF, the presence of PNH devices in daily work and workers' perceptions about care in health through the implementation of the HNP devices. A qualitative study of analytical exploratory approach was carried out in health facilities of the Family Health Strategy in a town in northeastern Brazil. Had as research subjects health professionals working in 13 health facilities in the District III. The technique used for the collection was focus groups with the use of a script with guiding questions and a questionnaire to obtain objective data profile. After approval of the CEP UFSCar and signing the informed consent by the subjects, the discussions were recorded and later transcribed. Data were organized through ALCESTE software, which identified 416 UCE, divided into two classes so-called Class 1 - Knowledge and identification of PNH and its features in the routine of health workers and Class 2 - health care Humanization X dehumanization of health work. The analysis of these UCE pointed out that the subjects reported a superficial contact with PNH. The lack of adequate training has negative repercussions on the progress of activities. There is the need to qualify the service organizing them in order to receive and solve the user's problem and developing empathy among workers and between them and the users. There is a disbelief in the work of management, the process of integration between the teams is harmed, even among integrated teams, recognizing physical illness when care in full is not made reciprocal. Conclusions: Workers have not yet clear on how to implement the HNP devices in their work process, identify some moves towards the host of devices and institutional support, seizing way to humanize and own health policy as a means of care integral. The relationship between managers and workers must be more effective and the difficulty of dialogue between staff and management can be overcome with new forms of integration. The NHP can and should be used in this process involved in provoking discussions and reflections to new ways of caring, proposing changes in the environments of the teams, a movement of exchange of knowledge and care, explicitly exercising the right to health of qualified and active form.
Estudo experimental de efeitos de spin em heteroestruturas semicondutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Gordo, Vanessa Orsi; Gobato, Yara Galvão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2725058070923688
In this thesis, we have investigated optical and spin properties of semiconductor nanostructures. Photoluminescence and magneto-photoluminescence measurements were performed in high magnetic field (B ≤ 15T), in GaBiAs nanostructures and GaAs /AlGaAs semiconductor devices. Particularly, we have studied: (i) GaBiAs layers, (ii) GaBiAs/GaAs quantum wells (QW) (iii) standard GaAs / AlGaAs resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and (iv) GaAs / AlGaAs RTDs containing quantum rings of InAs in the QW. We have investigated the effect of carrier localization by defects on the optical and spin properties of GaBiAs layers and nanostructures. Our results evidence important effects of carrier location by defects which was associate by small values of magnetic shifts. This effect is probably due to the formation of clusters and by the Bi composition variation on this type of alloy. It was also observed that the thermal annealing treatment improves the optical quality of these systems and increases the polarization degree which was associated to the reduction of spin relaxation times. We have also investigated the optical properties, magneto-optical and of transport in double barrier semiconductor heterostructures. Particularly, we have investigated the optical and spin properties of two dimensional electron and hole gases and the quantum well (QW). It was observe optical emission in the QW associate to the criation of uncharged exciton and negative charge exciton. The two dimensional gases acts as a spin polarize carriers injection in the QW, increasing thus the spin polarization in this region. The experimental results indicated that this process is more efficient in low voltage region. For high voltages region other processes, such as formation of tríons and spin polarization loss during tunneling should result in a significant contribution to the spin and polarization. Furthermore, it was investigated the spin properties of double barrier diodes containing InAs quantum rings in the center of the QW. It was observe that the degree of circular polarization of the emission of the QRs strongly sensitive to the applied voltage shows oscillation and besides one possible polarization oscillations tendency with the increase of the magnetic field.
Distribuição espacial da resistência do solo vista sob o prisma da fragilidade ambiental para a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Botucatu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Yoshida, Fernando de Alvarenga; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6103363408577115
This study, conducted in the limits of EPA of Botucatu, sought by the spatial distribution of soil strength, prepare an environmental fragility index of soil resistance and using methodologies such as the analysis of environmental fragility, geostatistics and multi-criteria decision analysis generate a environmental fragility map of the study object. The sample area was divided into 78 quadrants where data were collected on the soil resistance with an impact penetrometer, slope, soil types and land use and vegetation cover. It has been prepared an environmental fragility index for soil strength and weaknesses and maps were generated for each parameter and raised by map algebra in a multi-criteria decision analysis, the preparation of the environmental fragility map. The results can be noted that the slope, the lowest average of soil resistance were found in the higher slope (2,38 MPa - 20-40% and 2,92 MPa - greater than 40%) and this group showed significant differences compared to other classes of minor steepness (6.44 MPa to 6%, 7.11 MPa 6 to 12 MPa and 4.85% from 12 to 20%) at a depth of 0 to 20cm. There were significant differences between the different types of land use and vegetation cover. Sugarcane (9,35 MPa) and grazing (9,05 MPa) had the highest average resistance, differing from citrus (6.23 MPa) that differed from perennial crops such as eucalyptus forests (5,28 MPa), the coffee (3,58 MPa) and native forests (2,33 MPa) that formed the last group of least resistance in the layer 0-20 cm soil. In the spatial distribution of soil resistance, ordinary kriging in the exponential semivariogram model proved the most efficient method, given the parameters of the cross validation compared with gausian and spherical models. The multi-criteria decision analysis, through map algebra, generated the final product of this study, the map of environmental fragility to the EPA of Botucatu which showed that 32.43% of the total sample area are within lower fragility environmental classes and 67.57% of the total sample area are averaged fragility classes to very high fragility.
Espaços desconstruídos livres no centro de Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Silva, Denise Elaine Simões da; Francisco, José; Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9407228579999668
When mankind began its relationship with nature, the space started to suffer transformations as a consequence of this interaction. The urban landscape of the cities, seen as a mixture of new and old spatial interventions and directly related to destructions, the modifications and possible vestiges of natural space appear as a scenario that must be studied, understood and diagnosed. “space deconstruction” stands right in the recovery of this totality, the essence of constructions and anthropic actions; as a new way of looking at the city we are producing. The present dissertation proposes to identify and classify the “free deconstructed spaces” of a perimeter selected from the central quadrilateral region of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (the historical center of Ribeirão Preto), indicating likely areas to receiving possible occupations of social interest housing and urban public policy instruments that can motivate such actions and make them feasible. In light of this, analysis criteria were created based on the typologies of the “minimal deconstruction”, as a method to characterize and hierarchize these spaces. The results allowed us to identify requalification processes of central areas of the cities, while not only conserving a greater constructive and architectural patrimony, but also engaging them socially.
Transformadores elétricos com núcleo de liga amorfa para aplicação em aeronaves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-28) Silva, Wagner Angelo da; Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5336516408192676
In order to reduce the mass of eletrical transformers and generators in aircrafts, many manufacturers have adopted 400 Hz as the operation of these devices. However this frequency causes increased core losses which were disregarded due to the small involved powers and non continuous basis operations. By considering similar sizes, newer aircraft models are more electricity dependent and the generated power increased from 240 kVA to 1000 kVA. In this new scenario losses cannot be neglected and other options for increased efficiency should be considered. Iron-based amorphous transformer cores AEFture reduction by up to 70% loss while operating in 50- 60 Hz. However smaller magnetic saturation induction values result in higher weight than similar cores made of crystalline Fe-Si, therefore, undesirable in aircraft. This work discusses that, when particularities of aeronautical transformers are considered, one can design a power transformer with an amorphous core with smaller mass and losses than a similar with a Fe-Si crystalline based core. For this purpose, a hand-made amorphous core transformer was built to operate at 400 Hz, which has been thermo-magnetically treated to enhance its electromagnetic properties. Through electrical test, equivalent circuits of transformer were obtained for both core conditions: unannealed and annealed. Comparisons of masses and losses between an aircraft transformer with crystalline core and the hand-made amorphous one show that the latter has lower losses and that, when obeyed the particularities for aeronautical transformers, they may have smaller masses. Details and explanations about the thermomagnetic treatment, evidencing by X-ray diffraction of no-crystallization, after core heat-treatment and hand-made transformer evaluation through simulation are also included in this work.