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Filogenia molecular dos anostomidae e filogeografia das espécies com cromossomos sexuais ZZ/ZW do gênero Leporinus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Malaver, Jorge Luis Ramirez
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3073682959497475
The family Anostomidae has approximately 150 species, belonging to 14 genera. Several attempts to define the subfamilies were unsuccessful. Within the family, the Leporinus genus is the most specious (approx. 90 valid species). A ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes system has been described for seven species of Leporinus, which would constitute a monophyletic group. Another ZW sex chromosomes system has been described only for Leporinus geminis. The ZW Leporinus species presents an interesting distribution, being distributed in almost every major South American basins. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of family Anostomidae and several species of Leporinus genus. Also, evaluate the monophyly of species with ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, as well as de novo origin of the sex chromosomes described for Leporinus geminis. Additionally, It will be evaluated the functionality of the DNA barcodes for the family Anostomidae. Another aim was to evaluate the phylogeographic distribution pattern of ZZ/ZW Leporinus species. For the barcode was analyzed the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I of 430 individuals (122 lineages). Distance analyzes were performed using the K2P model. For the molecular phylogeny were amplified two mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome B and Cytochrome Oxidase I) and three nuclear markers (recombination activating gene 1 and 2, and Myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha gene) from 104 lineages (69 nominal species). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using methods of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian species tree. For the phylogeographic analysis, was constructed a calibrated tree, including the 15 recovered linages for the ZW group. The dataset was calibrated using the rise of the Eastern Cordillera, about 12 million years ago. The DNA barcode is a powerful tool for the linage identification of the family Anostomidae. The average intraspecific distance was 0.106%. The lowest interspecific distance was 0.479%. The genetic distances founded show that the threshold to separate lineages is lower than traditionally suggested for fishes (1% and 2%). The family Anostomidae is monophyletic, being found twenty-two clades within it. The subfamilies Anostominae sensu Winterbottom (1980) and Leporellinae were recovered as valid, while a more inclusive Leporininae has to be redescribed. The Leporinus genus was recovered as paraphyletic, requiring several taxonomic changes. The ZZ/ZW Leporinus species were recovered as a monophyletic group. Sex chromosomes of Leporinus geminis were confirmed as an evolutionary convergence. The evolutionary history of ZZ/ZW Leporinus species proved to be complex. The lineage speciation of the proto-Amazon-Orinoco was given by paleogeographic processes, while the lineage diversification in the Eastern Brazilian Shield was predominantly hydrogeological and by dispersion through paleo-basins in low sea level period.
A educação da pessoa com deficiência em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Mantovani, Juliana Vechetti
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0530763179860702
The study of this research theme is the education of persons with disabilities living in former quilombo communities of the state of São Paulo. Thus aims to describe and analyze this reality. The work was not restricted to school education to have found in communities people with disabilities in different situations, as follows: people who were in school, who have not completed the studies and that did not get to go to school. Also met a student with physical disabilities access to higher education. The theoretical foundations are guided in a historical and critical perspective, the method and procedures are qualitative, such as participant observation, field diary, document analysis, photographic records and interviews in school and communities. Work on quilombos requires a historical depth, so we conducted a study on the creation of these spaces and analyzed census data from 1872, slavery period. Also analyzed the census data of the school year 2007-2012 which referred the enrollment of students with and without disabilities from schools located in the remnants of quilombos; types of basic education in these schools and specialized educational services. The survey was conducted in the state school which had the largest number of student enrollments with and without disabilities and communities where students lived. We come up to this school by surveys carried out in the school census and data provided by the Pedagogic Studies and Standards Centre of the State of São Paulo. Within the procedures still on the mapping of people with disabilities who reside in Eldorado communities, state of São Paulo with more quilombo communities. At school, participated in the research, director, deputy director and educational coordinator; teachers and students with disabilities. In communities parents, leaders and people with disabilities. The results were: truancy; achievement and participation in community activities; advances in law school appreciation from parents and students and coping different adversities to get to school and remain there. The data revealed that is recent concern for the education of members of the former quilombo communities, and that there is a mute with regard to disabled people of these communities.
Propriedades de transporte em barreiras magnéticas em grafeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Nunes, Edvam de Oliveira
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Bittencourt, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1105838755157684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5852057691244350
In this work we studied the properties of Graphene through single and double magnetic barrier. It was used the transfer matrix method for calculating the transmissivity in single and double barriers of monolayer Graphene with magnetic barriers. The transmission was calculated as a function of electron energy for the following conditions: with constant energy, keeping the magnetic fields and varying distances and width of the barriers of the well. For the transmissivity each as function of incidence angle 0, the same procedure was adopted. Situations where the potential V is zero and nonzero were analyzed. Subsequently, we performed calculations of transmissivity for different potentials of zero. The conductance was also calculated as a function of energy, and magnetic field as a function of distance. These calculations were compared using barriers to equal and different magnetic fields. Thus, the transmission probability and the conductance could be modulated by the structural change of the barrier parameters, such as width and height, providing the ability to control electron beams in graphene.
Segurança de pedestres em rotatórias urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Souza, Johnny Vieira de
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4905330179732520
The Traffic and Transport Engineering has developed several techniques to mitigate the pernicious causes from the risks associated with intersections or crossing points level in traffic. Among the several devices of better efficiency and lower cost are the roundabouts, which are intended to simplify the intersection, so that the traffic that interacts there has a safe conduct, with few points of conflict and small delays. Although today has been widely used in the world and brazilian urban traffic the roundabouts are geometric elements that prioritize or monopolize motorized vehicular traffic due to lack of infrastructure, whether by choice or lack of technical knowledge, for cyclists, pedestrians and public transport have equal security. To assess what are the indicators that lead to this monopolization of devices were used ten roundabouts, being five in São José do Rio Preto and five in San Carlos, and proposed a confrontation of technical concepts between experts in the fields of Urban Planning and Urban Engineering, through AHP method, specialized literature and reality found in loco, to check for possible similarities and diferences existing between definitions, concepts and options and thus identify which factors are taken into consideration in the project, implementation and maintenance of or devices. Came to the conclusion that the specialized literature and subject matter experts defend pedestrians as a priority for the project, deployment, infrastructure and maintenance, but the devices are not able to safety.
Estudo do efeito eletrostático na filtração de partículas de cimento em filtros de mangas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Oliveira, Flávia Matias
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1536476217054773
Nowadays the control of industrial pollution is essential. Through filtering, you can remove the suspended solids in gases. It has been need for more efficient methods for gas filtration in order to reduce waste generation and decrease energy consumption. In this study was proposed to investigate the behavior of the particulate matter, cement and the influence of particle size in formation of gas dust cake, with and without eletrostatic charged. The filter in order to determine aspects were analyzed and compare their characteristics after filtration, defining which one operationally more suitable for this process. In this investigation the study aims optimize the filtration operation. In order to obtain a greater retention of particulates. In this sense, fabric filter were analyzed, glass and polypropylene filter, while gas filtration. Cement was used as particulate material with grain sizes 8, 14 and 20μm, the corona chargering was added in the filtration of gas during the formation of dust cake. The tests were conduction in an attempt to understand this effect the electrostatic charge, improve and increase the service life of the filter media. Was necessary to adapt it to the equipment one system gas filtration, localized in Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ) of Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), for receive the corona charged. The experiment was conducted from voltage of 0 to -2 kV test with a filtration rate of 10 cm/s, and the mass flow of 9 mg/s. With the tests done, it possible show that, with the application the corona chargering the dust cake changes. It can be that the particle size directly affects the filtration efficiency and the load, can increase the efficiency the collect to particulate and decrease pressure drop during filtration of gases.
Análise de séries temporais fuzzy para previsão e identificação de padrões comportamentais dinâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Santos, Fábio José Justo dos
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2020262358450007
The good results obtained by the fuzzy approaches applied in the analysis of time series (TS) has contributed significantly to the growth of the area. Although there are satisfactory results in TS analysis with methods that use the classic concepts of TS and with the recent concepts of fuzzy time series (FTS), there is a lack of models combining both areas. Face of this context, the contributions of this thesis are associated with the development of models for TS analysis combining the concepts of FTS with statistical methods aiming at the improvement in accuracy of forecasts and in identification of behavioral changes in the TS. In order to allow a suitable fuzzy representation of crisp values observed, the approaches developed in this thesis were combined with a new proposal for pre-processing of the data. The prediction value is calculated from a new smoothing technique combined with an extension of the fuzzy logic relationships. This combination allow to be considered in value computed different degrees of influence to the most recent behavior and to the oldest behavior of the series. In situations where the model does not have the necessary knowledge to calculate the predicted value, the concepts of simple linear regression are combined with the concepts of the FTS to identify the most recent trend in the TS. The approach developed for the behavioral analysis of the TS aims to identify changes in behavior from the definition of prototypes that represent the groups of the TS and from the segmentation of the series that will be analyzed. In this new approach, the dissimilarity between a segment of a TS and the corresponding interval of a given prototype is defined by metric Fuzzy Dynamic Time Warping weighted by a new smoothing technique applied to the distance matrix between the observed data. The accuracy obtained by the forecast model not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed approach, but also shows the evolution of model throughout the research and the importance of preprocessing in the forecast. The analysis of segmented TS identifies satisfactorily the behavioral changes of the series by calculating the membership functions of these segments in the respective groups represented by the prototypes.
Defeitos topológicos e cadeias cíclicas de deformação aplicados em diferentes cenários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Chinaglia, Mariana
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Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7677944273883043
In order to obtain structures known as defects, it was used a systematic procedure which holds cyclic deformation chains. This cyclical procedure enables that the initial defect (used to trigger the chain) is recovered via the process of successive deformations. This technique was applied considering topological kink like defects derived from two models, 4 and sine-Gordon, described by a single real scalar eld. The results show that this procedure can generate simultaneously kink and lump like defects with topological mass satisfying closed relations. After the detailed description and analysis of this method, some of its results were applied in brane scenario, where we studied the quantum problem analogue derived from a metric perturbation. The scenarios includes thick branes results that could support 4-dimensional gravity inside. Finally, we studied the topological origin of vacuum transitions in scenarios supported by double-well potentials. It was found that the Wigner function, constructed by means of the ground and rst excited states (solutions of the normal modes potential spectrum), performs quantum tunneling moving from one minimum to another in the potential. The tunneling analysis was performed by a prescription of the Wigner's function dynamics and the time dependence of stagnation points for an analytical double well potential.
Aspectos morfológicos, reológicos e fisiológicos dos cultivos de Escherichia coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Silva, Gabriel Gonçalves
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Silva, Adilson José da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
The use of Escherichia coli cultures to obtain heterologous proteins poses as a successful application of biotechnology for the production of drugs and enzymes. However, the stress caused by the synthesis of the recombinant protein as well as by the culture conditions may trigger physiological responses on the cell and also cause changes in the cell morphology, impacting on the rheology of the culture broth. This study aimed to evaluate changes in cell morphology, on the rheology of the broth and the effect of different temperatures and inducers in the cellular responses during recombinant protein production by E. coli in batch cultures. Five medium cell density cultures were conducted with two clones of rE. coli, using defined medium containing glycerol as main carbon source and different inducers (IPTG and lactose), at two different temperatures (37°C and 27°C). All experiments were performed in 5 L bench bioreactor, equipped with a monitoring and control system. Samples were collected throughout the experiments and rheological parameters were measured using a concentric cylinder rheometer. The morphological characteristics of the microorganism were also examined by optical microscopy associated with image analysis. The concentrations of cellular suspension (optical density and dry cell weight) as well as of sugars and metabolites (HPLC), the plasmid retention (subculture on plates with and without antibiotic), the concentration of viable cells (colony forming units), the production of recombinant protein (densitometry), the concentration of soluble proteins (Bradford protein assay) and the presence of polysaccharide in the broth (phenol–sulfuric method) were also monitored. It was found that broths, initially behaving as Newtonian fluids, undergo a change in rheological behavior during the growth phase, exhibiting a Bingham fluid behavior. During the induction phase, the consistency index and the initial shear stress seemed to follow the changes in cell concentration or the stress caused by the protein synthesis, respectively. In addition, the intensity of the variation of both rheological parameters seemed to be dependent upon the used inducer. The morphology analysis showed that rheological properties could not be explained by changes in cell length. The correlation between the cell concentration (measured by dry-weight method) and the optical density when lactose was employed as inducer, due to galactose accumulation within the cells as a result of the inability of the bacteria to metabolize this carbon source. The presence of a small amount of PspA and genetic material in the culture broth was probably due to permeabilization and lysis of a small part of the population. Carbon recovery analysis was performed for all cultures, leading to values close do 100 % before induction, in all studied cases. After induction, a sharp decrease on the recovery was observed. However, by including the carbon present in the polysaccharide quantified in the cultivation broth, it was possible to recover all supplied carbon as biomass, CO2 and polysaccharide. Finally, the highest production of protein was obtained at 37°C when induced by IPTG, reaching 125 mgPspA/gMS. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the heterologous proteins production by rE. coli and allow the definition of intensification strategies for protein production.
O estudo da função afim no ensino médio com apoio de uma atividade experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-30)
Selingardi, Ainá Montessanti
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Paterlini, Roberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240750958932738
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0215720865921707
To contribute to overcoming the difficulties related to the teaching of the concept of function and its applications, build an interdisciplinary didactic proposal. I delimited my job choosing the theme affine function, which is usually presented to students in the 1st year of high school. To validate the pedagogical product presented, I used the basic guidelines proposed by the Didactic Engineering. I developed an experimental activity of chemistry in which the resulting function is the type order. During the experiment of applying students have organized themselves into groups. Each group performed the experiment, collected the figures composing a table. The data analysis begins with the layout of the data as points on a Cartesian plane. The linear pattern was observed and these points using algebraic resources, students obtained an expression of affine function. In a second phase the same data is handled with the help of a computational tool. The application has ended with socializing the results of each group. I noticed that these activities give students a chance to better build the concept of function. I saw that they had to see for themselves what were the variables involved, and what was the independent variable and which was dependent. Also they had transit of opportunity between various types of representation in an interdisciplinary context, noting the reason for each passage. Another difficulty faced by students was handling not whole greatness and who had different absolute values and therefore built a chart that required care in relation to the adopted scale. I concluded that the application of this pedagogical product achieved the desired goals and that students were very interested in participating in this activity. I realize also that, after application of the experiment, my relationship with the class became closer and spontaneous, greatly improving our dialogue. To fellow teachers who want to apply this product in their teaching classes, I note that it is not easy to conduct a chemistry experiment, especially for those who have not been trained for this. This requires a mathematics teacher a lot of determination and patience. So I believe that the ideal situation is to combine with the teachers of the experimental subjects so that they can experiment and get the data. The math teacher would get the part to analyze this data. I conclude that my didactic proposal is validated and is very enriching for teaching functions.
Eleições presidenciais de 2014: uma análise das agendas programáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-02)
Lima, Bárbara
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2222793846274585
In the current Brazilian political scenario the political propaganda are at the center of political practices. Such centrality is enhanced during the election period. This is when the political parties launch candidates who present their platform of government. The Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE) is the central element of the campaigns and main device by which the candidates establish direct communication and mobilize their electorate. In this scenario, the electoral programs broadcasted on television are still the primary sources of information and it is essential among the uncertain scenario that "time policy" promotes among citizens (Veiga, 2002). Due the importance and the centrality the advertisements and the media exercise in electoral periods, the objective is to analyze the construction of the programmatic agenda of the main running parties (PSB, PT and PSDB) through the analysis of government programs presented to TSE and propagandas aired in HGPE for presidential elections in 2014.
Programa gráfico livre para a análise de lajes de edificações de concreto armado usando o modelo de grelha equivalente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-05)
Cass, Andrew John Richter
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5825283339741967
It’s presented in this work a graphic program that allows the analysis (calculation of forces and displacements) of concrete slabs by the equivalent grid model. The surface is considered as monolithic without the traditional discretization of the structure, i.e., the separation of the various structural members (beams, columns and slabs). Only the pillars are considered as unmovable in the direction of its principal axis. The graphical environment designed for this is pioneering, developed by objectoriented programming and will be distributed freely and with listings available. The system allows the designing of the structure as a model, allowing an easier perception of its different structural components and the definition of the different stresses on it. The program establishes an interface adapted to the calculation module, that initially was developed by Igor Stayanov Cotta in 2006,.and thus allows the graphic view of the efforts, displacements and stresses acting over the model.
Educação ambiental em zoológicos do nordeste paulista para a conservação da onça parda (Puma concolor) : reflexões sobre atividades e estruturas educadoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-05)
Oliveira, Sara Monise de
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245492567627359
Zoos house many specimens of native fauna and have great potential to contribute to Environmental Education for biodiversity conservation. However, some studies have pointed that even when these institutions carry on biodiversity conservation actions, this subject may be presented in their educational activities or exhibitions. To investigate the potential of zoos in Environmental Education for biodiversity, we chose the cougar (Puma concolor) conservation as motivating topic. It was selected for the reason that this specie is important to biodiversity maintenance in São Paulo State and because there are many challenges in education for big predators conservation. The purpose of this study was to identify environmental education for the cougar conservation strategic actions that zoos could be do; to discuss the educational intent on animal’s exhibition in zoos nowadays; and to analyze the cougar grounds for their potential as facilities that educates for the conservation of this specie. Adopting Freire principles, that grounds the critical environmental education and a hermeneutic research approach, this thesis was set up as a collective instrumental qualitative study case. The research had a diagnostic stage involving five zoos from Sao Paulo northeastern, in which the research first purpose was developed, and a further analysis stage performed with three of these institutions to address the other two purposes of this study. To collect information, we mainly use zoos technical and educational teams interviews, exhibition and cougar exhibit observations; and, finely, informative stuff, websites and technical documents analyses focused on enclosures and animals. The main result of diagnostic was that any specific cougar educational activity had been performed. But, the issue was extremely important for these institutions, which reported many cougars rescues, including some that occurred with animals on display. The teams believe that activities such as campaigns between Sao Paulo State zoos could improve the development of educational stuffs and facilities that educates for this specie conservation. From second stage of the research, we highlight there are two purposes regarding to animals display: firstly it’s to provide close contact with animals and secondly it’s to educate people for nature conservation. These purposes are coherent with zoos conservation goals and environmental education actions. Although, on an educational exhibition it is necessary to set up the balance between elements that explore each one of these purposes. In this sense, the analysis of cougar exhibits shows that the enclosures and its labels doesn’t has been focused on biodiversity conservation. Mediation about this topic it has been done mainly by educators. That reveals enclosures weaknesses on role as facilities that educates, but their potential could be expanded with additional information inclusion that contextualizes the cougar in their locality.
A expansão das universidades federais no Brasil: momentos e instrumentos (2000-2013)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-05)
Zambello, Aline Vanessa
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0499847686134397
In the last fifteen years, a variety of public policies for higher education were implanted with an inclusive and equitable approach, among them we have the REUNI program, the AffirmativeAction LAW, PROUNI, FIES and PNAES. However, the trajectory of higher education in thecountry since its inception until the 1990s do not record innovations of this magnitude. Our question ,then, is how to understand this change of context that allowed this magnitude policies were implemented, attempting to assess how certain issues come into public agenda, by what means and what the instruments are used, enabling public policies in the sector were implemented from the years 2000. The study was performed using documents related to national and international debate between 1985 and 2012, which were organized and analyzed to gather information on how was the formation of the thematic discussion agenda. As a result of this work, we identified four debates in different instances that contributed to the formation of the network expansion idea of higher education and its complementary instruments.
Análise dos méis de abelhas do gênero Melipona (abelhas sem ferrão) através de LC-SPE/NMR, LC-BPSU/NMR e RMN aliada à quimiometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07)
Pinto, Darlene da Silva
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0816545279227770
In Brazil, there are approximately 200 species of stingless bees, especially in the Amazon region. The Melipona seminigra and the M. interrupta are species that stand out in Central Amazon, since they are abundant and have great honey potential; however, little is known about the chemical constituents of the honey varietals produced by these species. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the honey varietals produced by the aforementioned species through LC-SPE/NMR and LC-BPSU/NMR techniques in order to identify the minor constituents. The 1H NMR technique combined with chemometrics and with the determination of the isotopic 2H/1H (SNIF-NMR) ratio was also used in order to evaluate the authenticity of commercial honey varietals. The varietals considered authentic were acquired from the apiary of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the commercial varietals were bought at different stores in the north region. The SNIF analysis showed that all evaluated types of honey come from the C3 biosynthetic cycle and, thus, through isotopic analysis, it was possible to infer that there was no adulteration to the varietals when it comes to addition of sugar directly to the honey or to the feeding of bees and it was also possible to observe that the bees did not prefer plants of different cycles. Nonetheless, the chemometrics clearly showed another type of fraud performed in the commercialization of stingless bee honey. It was possible to observe the difference between authentic and commercial honey varietals, especially due to the presence of 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural (HMF) and citric acid only in the commercial varietals. Only two of the ten commercial honey varietals analyzed grouped together with the authentic ones. In order to determine the origin of these commercial types, some samples of honey produced by bees with stings (Apis melifera) were also analyzed. The results showed the grouping of commercial honey varietals bought as being from stingless bees together with the honey types from Apis melifera. From the chemometrics analyses, the presence of phenylalanine and threonine was clear only in the authentic honey varietals, which helped in the separation of the commercial varietals. Through the LC-SPE and LC-BPSU techniques, it was possible to identify 5 substances in the honey varietals from M. seminigra, and 19 in the varietals from M. interrupta, of which 11 had never been reported in honey.
Efeito in vitro e in vivo da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobial sobre streptococcus mutans presentes em acessórios metálicos ortodônticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07)
Panhóca, Vitor Hugo
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
Demineralization and caries are often present in patients with orthodontic braces due to the increased accumulation of dental biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans, which produces acids that attack the tooth surface. The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) has been shown as an alternative in microbial inactivation in dentistry. This work, carried out both in vitro and in vivo, aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of APDT on Streptococcus mutans present in the dental biofilm accumulated on the metal surface of orthodontic appliances and in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The in vitro study evaluated the susceptibility of biofilm formed by S. mutans on the metal surface under the application of orthodontic appliances APDT induced Curcumin diluted surfactant (SDS) and blue light-emitting diode (LED). The samples were treated with the photosensitizer (PS) at a concentration of 1 g/L, 0.1% surfactant and exposed to LED light (455 ± 10 nm, 46mW/cm²), fluence of 30 J/cm². The experimental groups studied were: control group (P-L-S-); light (P-L+S-), surfactant (P-L-S+) and photosensitizer (P+L-S-) groups; surfactant-light (P-L+S+), photosensitizer-surfactant (P+L-S+) and PDT (P+L+S-) groups; and the PDT-surfactant (P+L+S+) group. Each group was named accordingly to the addiction or not of the photosensitizer (P+ or P-), surfactant (S+ or S-) and application or not of light (L+ or L-), respectively. The colonies grown on plates of brain heart infusion (BHI) were counted (CFU / mL) and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed that in this research protocol, the group P+L+S+ was able to promote significant decrease (p<0.001) on the population of S. mutans of 99.999% compared to the control group. In the in vivo study, 24 volunteers were randomly selected in order to evaluate the clinical utility of APDT and the APDT association with the surfactant (SDS) as oral decontamination agents in orthodontic patients. The selected patients (n = 24) were randomly divided into seven groups: G1 - Negative control, G2 - Curcumin mouthwash, G3 - Curcumin mouthwash+SDS, G4 - light irradiation, G5 - APDT, G6 - APDT+SDS and G7 - Positive Control (chlorhexidine 0.12% moutwash). Saliva samples were collected from unstimulated way of each patient in three steps (S) as follows: S1 - initial condition S2 - Treatment with rinsing (water, curcumin or chlorhexidine) and S3 - After APDT. The photosensitiser used was curcumin with concentration of 1 g/L. Two types of blue LED light source emitting in 450±10nm were used in the present study: one emitting with an intensity of 33.54 mW/cm² and other with 212 mW/cm². Evaluation of microbial reduction, and survival fraction in each of the studied levels, was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. Statistical analysis showed that only G6 and G7 presented results of bacterial inactivation that showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) compared to those observed in G1. These results indicated that APDT, when combined with SDS surfactant, may be used as an adjunct agent for convenient oral decontamination promoter in vivo.
Mineração de padrões sequenciais e geração de regras de associação envolvendo temporalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07)
João, Rafael Stoffalette
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0409203389633082
Data mining aims at extracting useful information from a Database (DB). The mining process enables, also, to analyze the data (e.g. correlations, predictions, chronological relationships, etc.). The work described in this document proposes an approach to deal with temporal knowledge extraction from a DB and describes the implementation of this approach, as the computational system called S_MEMIS+AR. The system focuses on the process of finding frequent temporal patterns in a DB and generating temporal association rules, based on the elements contained in the frequent patterns identified. At the end of the process performs an analysis of the temporal relationships between time intervals associated with the elements contained in each pattern using the binary relationships described by the Allen´s Interval Algebra. Both, the S_MEMISP+AR and the algorithm that the system implements, were subsidized by the Apriori, the MEMISP and the ARMADA approaches. Three experiments considering two different approaches were conducted with the S_MEMISP+AR, using a DB of sale records of products available in a supermarket. Such experiments were conducted to show that each proposed approach, besides inferring new knowledge about the data domain and corroborating results that reinforce the implicit knowledge about the data, also promotes, in a global way, the refinement and extension of the knowledge about the data.
O ensino de frações inspirado na pedagogia Waldorf
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08)
Gonçalves, Natalia de Barros
;
Ramos, Adriana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067090731407577
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6002683277601646
Teaching fractions represents a great challenge for most teachers from the fourth grade of Elementary School until High School. To offer to the Elementary School teacher one more tool to reach students in a more satisfactory way, this work has researched and applied a more artistic way to teach the contents cited above, inspired in Waldorf Education. It was created by Rudolf Steiner right after the First World War. Besides the artistic part, it was also considered the rhythm of teaching proposed by Steiner, respecting the age of the students and calling successively to the thinking, the feelling and the will during all class activities. The work was done in a class of the sixth grade of the E.E. Prof. Adail Malmegrim Gonçalves during the year of 2013 and considered the teaching of Fractions from the very beginning.
Qualidade do solo em áreas restauradas no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08)
Sanglade, Lucas Dias
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Casagrande, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227235855217660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2098982131643266
Ecological restoration is an emerging field of restoration ecology, and is widely used as an important tool for biodiversity conservation. However, appropriate indicative allocations of soil quality for the assessment and monitoring of forest restoration projects are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality of four restored forests of different ages, a forest remnant and their agricultural surroundings in the State of São Paulo through chemical, physical and microbiological soil parameters by categorization by the weighted additive model. To measure the discrimination of soils due to the different locations and types of land use, the weighted additive model, along with a soil quality index (SQI) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The PCA differentiated the forests of their agricultural environments and locations with a prevalence of physical and chemical parameters in the distinction between the matrices. The parameters soil organic matter, total cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, soil bulk density, porosity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity had higher averages in the forests matrices, being higher in older forests. There was differentiation in soil quality of the studied forests, where the highest rates were obtained in the remaining forest soils and older restored forests. All forest areas showed higher rates compared to their respective agricultural environments. Finally, the SQI used were efficient for the identification of the areas, having potential as a tool to support decision-making on environmental issues.
O ensino de geometria euclidiana : possíveis contribuições da história da matemática e da resolução de problemas de George Polya
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08)
Cáceres, Fábio
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1029781486356875
The primary goal of this dissertation was to evaluate possible contributions that History of Mathematics and Theory of Problem Solving, by George Polya, allied, can offer to the teaching and learning process of some concepts of plane Euclidean geometry, primarily aiming at awakening logical reasoning, visual perception, and geometric thinking of students completing Primary Education. The research was motivated by the need for a more practical, realistic approach of geometry concepts. According to such purpose, a didactic sequence was built and a questionnaire was completed by subjects previously selected, involving a historical, non-routine, challenging problem, in order to lead the students to the historical solution or to other one(s), with the help from the teacher and Polya’s heuristics. We sought to answer the following question: what knowledge is produced by students involved in mathematical tasks inserted in the historical context? In the written records of students we found knowledge of geometric nature, such as visualization, representation, and broadening of mathematical vocabulary regarding use adequate geometric terms.
Dimensões do desenvolvimento do complexo industrial Portuário de Suape : política econômica e política social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08)
Gumiero, Rafael Gonçalves
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3606249612497573
Industrial Port Complex of Suape (IPCS) project has a long trajectory and can be understood in four different moments of deployment in the history of regional development policy experiences to the Northeast. The first moment, 1955-1970, constitutes the studies coordinated by CONDEPE- highlighting to the research of Lebret in 1955. The second, 1970-1982, is characterized by the institutionalization of the PPS by the Pernambuco government in 1974 and the formulation of its first director’s plans. The third, 1983-2014, in the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, appears the PPS as one of the largest ports in Brazil. But, it was from 2006 that has emerged as one of the largest projects of the federal government, which brought together investments of its programs: Growth Acceleration Program (PAC); National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES); Northeast Constitutional Financing Fund (FNE). Also in this time, the Pernambuco government prepared its new Suape Director Plan – 2030. Our hypothesis, in this thesis, is that the Industrial Port Complex of Suape has a particularity: be idealized and institutionalized in new developmental period characterized by the protagonism of the State and public funds for the development leverage. This point – anchoring in developmental project - allows us to present similarities and differences in the proposals of the IPCS for development at different stages of its historical trajectory: by the Old developmentalism in the 1950s until 1970, at the latest phase in the 2000s. In both instances, the State was central figure in the development and was the protagonist of this process in formulating development policies. However, the central difference is that in the developmental period the concept of development was anchored in the axis of economic productivity as an ex-ante condition of social policies. In the new developmentalism the concept of development was marked by the binomial economic growth with social inclusion. The goal proposed in this thesis is to verify that in the period of 2003 to 2014 the federal government has formulated social policies with the same intensity that mobilized resources for economic growth for Suape. This goal was worked for five movement of analysis: 1) Identification of the conception of social policies present in Multi-annuals plans of the federal government; 2) Comparison of social policy design made by the federal government with the instruments of direct application in the strategic territory of Suape, designated by the theme notebooks and the new Director Plan for Suape – 2030; 3) Analysis of resources allocated to public policies in the social area in Suape from consultation realized in federal government programs (PAC, BNDES, FNE, Bolsa Família Program); 4) Assessments of structural changes in the territory of Suape, in special by the survey (or not) of social vulnerability fall and possible recent changes. This movement prioritized the quantitative analysis of the eight municipalities that compose the territory of Suape; 5) A last movement conducted the survey of actions of state and local governments of Pernambuco with the focus on public policies to Suape, using as basic material PPAs of Pernambuco and municipalities.