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Considerações para o controle tecnológico de obras em alvenaria estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-12) Canato, Ricardo Luiz; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3822906451253321
Masonry is known as a building structure for thousands of years. Cases where masonry elements (several units laided together bonded or not with mortar and grouting) support the building structure are widely found. Until mid-19th century, almost all structures had masonry part of its structural elements, although not all historic construction can be called structural masonry the way we understand it today with high strength blocks. The great expansion on the use of structural masonry occurred after the development of specific techniques and equipment. Moreover, technological development has enabled the production of higher strength blocks, dimensional precision and uniformity. To certify the design specified quality, there is the need of construction technologic control. This is the guarantee of minimum structural performance. Quality control is necessary to receive (or acceptance) the materials and components, including blocks, concrete, grout and the mortar, and finally the acceptance of masonry. This paper presents an assessment of the masonry quality control. Two parts has focus in different topics. In the first, field study cases in São Carlos city are assessed. The cases include concrete and ceramic blocks masonry building, and the quality control plan of each case were checked. The other part, focus on evaluating the several quality control tests on prisms compressive strength. From an extensive database, simulations concerning on the calculation of the characteristic value and coefficients of variation of samples, are assessed and weighted. As a conclusion, we can point that the quality control as required by Brazilian standards are not always followed in practice. About the prism test, we suggest considering to evaluate standard sample size specified today. It may be possible to reduce the number of specimens in each sample.
Impactos da duplicação de rodovias : variação da mortalidade de fauna na BR 101 Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-12) Dornelles, Sidnei da Silva; Kindel, Andreas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8762190723929036; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6828620734821957
Roadkill and isolation of populations due to the barrier effect can be considered the main direct impacts of roads on wildlife. Mammals by behavioral, size and charisma features are one of the groups of vertebrates that require mitigation for mortality, as they are also among the most seriously injured on roads. An important approach to effectively mitigate roadkill on highways is to locate the points where roadkill are concentrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in mortality of mammals due to the duplication of the BR 101 highway south. In addition to the K Ripley aggregation analysis, were generated habitat suitability models (MAH) to identify favorable locations roadkill species, using the model functional groups for prediction of highway stretches with more chances to roadkill. It was recorded 21 taxa of mammals get hit, being the most abundant gender Didelphis (n = 721), followed by Cerdocyon thous (n = 108). The abundance of carcasses decreases between before and after the duplication (F 18.04 p = <0.001). Hotspots were not overlapped between the periods analyzed, indicating that some explanatory factor has changed over the work. Observing the variables that contributed most to the models for each functional group, we noted that there were differences in the most influential variables for each functional group in different periods. Of the nine generated models, we note that six variables contributed more than 20% in different models. There were differences between the periods before, during and after the duplication of the variables that contributed most or contribution value in functional groups. These differences may reflect the change in the distribution of roadkill among highway doubling periods. Both approaches demonstrated that there have been changes in the magnitude and distribution of roadkill in the period prior to the period after duplication. So a highway with two paviments differ from a highway with four paviments about how the mammals react in terms of movement and relationship to landscape.
Padrão de especialização do comércio internacional brasileiro: uma análise das vantagens comparativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-12) Andriotta, Amanda de Brito; Cruz Júnior, José César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1063048735368930
During the most recent decades the Brazilian foreign trade has shown significant changes regarding its pattern of trade specialization. These changes suggest that the country is undergoing into a process of exports reprimarization, caused mainly by the increase of the Chinese demand for commodities. The increase of the share of commodities in trade transactions between Brazil and the rest of the world has happened at the same time that manufactures have lost importance in the nations’ total trade. The new composition of the Brazilian foreign trade transactions indicates the country is following a new pattern in the international market. In addition, not only the country’s exports composition has changed over the last years, but we can also verify changes in the main exports destinations rank list. In this paper, our goal is to investigate the dynamics of changes in the Brazilian foreign trade transactions, focusing on exports, during the period of 1997 and 2003. We divided our analysis in different sectors, destination markets, and different periods to have a better understand of how changes happened. Our main hypothesis is that the reveled comparative advantages in international trade have led the country to the reprimarization process of its exports. Moreover, fewer sectors have shown high competitive levels over the last years, indicating a poor dynamics of Brazilian exports. In order to test our hypothesis, we first calculated revealed symmetric comparative advantages indexes, and then used Markov chains to calculate their probability distributions in different periods. We combined the two methodologies to identify the sectors and groups of technology where the country has higher competitiveness. We could also test for changes in exports composition, identifying which were the sectors and technology groups with higher trade competitiveness, in each period. Our results show that Brazil has been using its comparative advantages in the international trade, and its exports are becoming more dependent of commodities, since this is the group of products with higher revealed comparative advantages index. We also found a general loss of competitiveness in the non-commodity sectors during the analyzed period, which clearly shows that the country is facing a process of export reprimarization. The analysis of trade regarding different groups of countries shows that, even though with different intensities, commodity exports are becoming more relevant to all exports destinations (BRICS, European Union, MERCOSUL, and NAFTA), and it has happened more intensively during the third reporting period (2007- 2011). In addition, we also found that there is an indication that, in the future (ceteris paribus), there will be a possible convergence of exports in sectors with lower levels of comparative advantage. Our findings indicate that Brazil has been losing competitiveness in international trade, even with those products that the country has more comparative advantages in trade.
Avaliação de uso, apropriação e integração urbana de técnicas compensatórias para o manejo de águas pluviais: estudos de caso em Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-12) Vicente, Tiago Zanetti de; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; Barbassa, Ademir Paceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5633229032665927
Increasing urbanization has impacted in various ways in the environment, such as changes in the hydrological cycle, increased flooding and pollution of rain origin. Soil sealing and removal of vegetation reduce infiltration and increase the volume and speed of runoff. With the questioning of the hygienists paradigms based on rapid evacuation of runoff, alternative drainage systems seek temporal rearrangement of the flow from the use of Best Management Practices and forms of rainwater management integrated with urbanization. Some Brazilian cities have public policies to encourage the deployment of alternative drainage systems, as is the case of Ribeirão Preto, a city in the state of São Paulo with a long history of problems related to the management of storm water, as floods and maintenance its source to the underground water consumption. With the inclusion of flow control requirements in the legislation, multiplied by the city storm control structures. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of these BMPs in urban subdivisions, from the point of view of the ownership and use of these spaces and their integration with the surroundings. From the survey of legislation and storm control structures performed in the city, were selected two installments, the Allotment Parque dos Servidores and the Condominium Quinta do Golfe, for characterization and analysis of the conditions of pre-occupation, urban design and drainage and finally, the space for BMPs. The results highlights the neglect of the management of these spaces where maintenance is precarious and the interference of the population could compromise its hydrological functions. We conclude therefore that the technical implementation of compensatory policy is an ongoing process, not just boils down to its implementation, its success is linked to urban-landscape qualification, frequent maintenance, as well as community education and involvement in the management of these spaces
Diversidade e estrutura genética de Pilosocereus aureispinus: uma espécie de cactácea vulnerável e microendêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-12) Ribeiro, Paulianny de Moura; Moraes, Evandro Marsola de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3100796431732251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5203536984295113
Pilosocereus aureispinus (Buining & Brederoo) F. Ritter is a narrow endemic columnar cactus of eastern Brazil, occurring at Ibotirama and Oliveira dos Brejinhos, Bahia. In this work the genetic diversity and population structure were assessed for eight microsatellite loci in four P. aureispinus localities of occurrence, covering its known distribution. Genetic diversity levels were relatively high (A = 4,2 e HE = 0,451) comparing with closely related species and other narrowly distributed plant species. Significant Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium departures and linkage disequilibrium were not detected. Private alleles in low frequencies and low levels of genetic structure (FST =0,071 e G”ST = 0,132) were detected. STRUCTURE software analysis did not identified structure, showing that samples from four analyzed localities represent a unique genetic group (K=1). These results pointed to high level of ongoing gene flow among sampled localities, which may counteract differentiation effects and genetic diversity loss. Despite P. aureispinus is not suffering genetic variability erosion due its narrow distribution, the species should be classified as endangered (EN) at IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due existent anthropogenic disturbs in regions where it occurs.