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Composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica e caracterização sucessional de três fragmentos florestais, na Estância Turística de Itu - SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Wakabayashi, Tatiana Yukari
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Koch, Ingrid
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4839123900255164
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6788349063856333
The city of Itu has only 9.90% of its territory with native vegetation. Knowledge of native vegetation and biodiversity with studies of the floristic composition and phytosociological structure of the remaining forests are important for understanding the structure and dynamics of these formations. This study aimed to analyze the floristic composition, structure and successional stage of three remaining semideciduous forest located in the city of Itu. And with these results, discuss the possible influences of size, land tenure (private or public), land use in their surroundings and protected areas, in addition to verifying the presence of endangered species. The points were named: Pesqueiro, Cidade Nova and Fazenda. At each point, was allocated 12 plots of 10m X 10m and identified individuals with circumference at breast height (CAP) equal to or greater than 15 cm. The phytosociological parameters were calculated by FITOPAC 2.1 software being sampled 552 individuals distributed into 149 species considering the total area (0.36 ha), and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H?) estimated in 4.46. The five richest families were Myrtaceae (19 species), Fabaceae (19), Lauraceae (12), Euphorbiaceae (9) and Rubiaceae (8). The ten species with the highest IVI, in general, showed characteristic of advanced stage of succession. From 552 individuals, 73% are not pioneers and 16% are pioneers. Through correspondence and cluster analysis, it observed the formation of three major groups which coincide with the sampled points, even with low similarity values. This low similarity is shown in the Venn diagram and Jaccard similarity index (Ij) between points, the maximum value of Ij occurred between Pesqueiro and Fazenda points (13.8%). Species were sampled on all points with some degree of threat according to the lists consulted, they are: Myrceugenia campestris, Machaerium villosum, Brosimum glaziovii, Myrcianthes pungens and Cedrela fissilis. Comparing the diversity indexes, the Fazenda Point had the highest value with H? = 3.88, followed by Pesqueiro Point with H? = 3.63 and Cidade Nova point with H? = 3.47. It was observed greatest richness in Pesqueiro Point (69 species), followed by Fazenda Point (68) and finally Cidade Nova point (51). The size of the area did not affect the species richness, because different fragment sizes showed similar number of species. Cidade Nova point, placed in public property with urban surroundings, showed important to preservation of urban green areas and can act as stepping stones. As for the Pesqueiro and Fazenda points, placed in private property with rural surroundings are important in connectivity between fragments inserted in this landscape. Cidade Nova and Fazenda points are included in protected areas (APA), but there are no guarantees of maintenance of the quality of these fragments. The same can happen for the Pesqueiro point, which could suffer serious impact. This study indicated that each fragment has a series of characteristics, which emphasizes their uniqueness and importance in view of conservation.
Suportes de simulação como objetos intermediários para incorporação da perspectiva da atividade na concepção de situações produtivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Moura, Daniel Braatz Antunes de Almeida
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287608431146025
Understanding the work in order to transform it is the concern of ergonomics. To expand its capacity of effective intervention this discipline gets closer to the field of engineering, especially the production engineering, searching for methods, techniques and tools, which assist it in the design process of productive facilities. The knowledge domains related to the engineering design and, specifically, the workspace design might be of a substantial contribution to the effectiveness of the incorporation of the activity’s perspective (according to the concept of situated ergonomics) in this process. From a theoretical and conceptual articulation, which laid the foundation to the field research in an oil refining company, is sought the comprehension of how the different simulation supports were determinant to the incorporation of rationale, interests, constraints and expectations from the actors participating in the conception process. To achieve this comprehension is used the concept of intermediary objects of conception and their theoretical stances in the axis “commissioning-mediator” and “closed-open”. The research makes evident the role the simulation supports play in the creation of simulation situations allowing divergent (and innovative) processes in the action of designing technical systems and convergent processes in the conduction of the project. The prescriptive propositions (from the practical world, including the activity’s perspective) and descriptive (from the theoretical world, containing in it the exact sciences and related technical questions) are also incorporated in the articulation, allowing a dialogic process of conception. The research presents recommendations which enable the design of productive facilities to entail an ongoing and distributed conception, having the simulation as an instrument oriented to the object (design action of the technical system), to the other (coordinated action) and to the self (when encompassing space to its development, learning and transformation).
Processos educativos construídos com participantes do projeto vivências em atividades diversificadas de lazer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Leal, Paulo Henrique
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Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6847313678031500
Children, adolescents, young people and all human beings, as such, have the right to respect, human dignity, the fun, the enjoyment of pleasure, to his body, the most diverse space/time/living contexts in social practices, to develop/strengthen and keep alive the material and symbolic dimensions of their cultures as well as their educational processes, walking thus their right to humanization. For concreteness assumptions like this, it becomes relevant historical witness that human beings experience the search for coherence between the intentionality of human rights and educate themselves in communion, lovingly. Considering that hope is an ontological requirement of human beings and that the search for be for the humanization, the ethics of liberation consists of human vocations also ontological, in this thesis built the following research question: which educational processes are developed/among children, adolescents and young people participating in the project experiences in diverse leisure activities in the São Carlos/SP city? How to educate themselves in this context, to lead your life? From this point Latin-South, we had as main objective: to identify, describe and understand educational processes present in educating yourself to conduct live with/among children, adolescents and young people in the experiences project in diverse recreational activities in the São Carlos/SP city. In the light of qualitative research, with the southern hemisphere stemmed approach, research with the collaboration of 25 children, adolescents and youth of the neighborhoods Santa Felicia, Jardim Gonzaga and surroundings, participants Experiences Extension Project in Diversified Activities Leisure, beyond 13 educators. We conduct investigative dialogic interaction weekly over five months of insertion, and the records of the knowledge of living-dialogical-investigative were through notes and field diaries, which were analyzed based on the construction of categories in social research. In short, the results described two large sets of educational processes, as follows: 1) where people with us: living, dialogical, empathy and otherness; and 2) all together and mixed: educating and educating yourself on/for leisure. Was highlighted as basting educational process in the time/space/dialogical investigative historical context of social leisure practice, otherness/loveliness/empathy to conduct live by children, adolescents and youth. In short, from the procedural nature of the construction of this investigation, we had the following ideological positioning/political defended a thesis: children, adolescents and young people in different ways, educate yourself while driving to live in search of being more with intent, playing, reading, meaning, loving (and therefore transforming) their context, their life-world; living-dialogue by educating yourself and ethically to the world in communion; It is human in the difficulties of their friends and friends, and people with us in the middle childhoods and youths popular.
Reflexões sobre o desenho infantil sob o olhar da Pedagogia Waldorf
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Cruz, Mariane Ribeiro da
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4349070815661363
The present work addresses the following question-problem: what is Waldorf´s pedagogical proposal for children's drawing? In order to answer this main question, the research aimed to study the theoretical foundation of Waldorf pedagogy, understand the main stages of the development of drawing in early childhood, get to know the routine of Early Childhood Education at the Waldorf school, with a focus on development and the making of children's drawing. The research was carried out at the Waldorf Micael School located in the city of Sorocaba / SP, in a kindergarten class, with six children aged between one year and eight months to three and a half years. The work is organized in three chapters. Chapter I presents the theoretical framework, addressing Rudolf Steiner's biography, the basic principles of Anthroposophy, Waldorf Pedagogy and its Brazilian strand, the specificities of the Waldorf Kindergarten and the importance of children's drawing in the light of Waldorf Pedagogy. Chapter II describes the methodological paths and Chapter III presents the data analysis. The results indicate that the deep understanding of the human being adopted by the Waldorf pedagogy, which includes a conception of a child that respects his body, his limits and his will, allows the graphic records of each child to express movements and forces that are acting on him in a different way. free, lively and, above all, spontaneous.
Modificação microestrutural da liga de magnésio AZ31 por fricção e mistura a altas velocidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Valio, Gustavo Trindade
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4352561429777808
Due to the current growth in the fossil fuels consumption, there is a great concern about the increase in pollutant emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, research indicates that the decrease in vehicle weight can be one of the solutions to reduce these gas emissions. One possible way to reduce the car weight is the replacement of parts that uses high density metals by Magnesium alloys. The major problem with this replacement is the lack of ductility that this material has at room temperature, being necessary to heat the plates before the conformation. This heating process has a high production costs and it is unfeasible to use in the automotive industry today. In view of this problem, this work aims to study this lack of conformity to room temperature using a microstructure modification technique located in the regions of conformation. The technic used was Friction Stir Processing (FSP) at high speed. This processing is similar to Friction Stir Welding (FSW), but without joining materials. The FSP is just a localized microstructural modification. The analysis performed in this study after processing at 1, 7 and 10 m/min show that the microstructure and mechanical properties undergoes various changes at for every processing speed output different. The results showed that the material after processing improves the ductility at room temperature as grain size decreases.
Associação entre dor crônica e cognição de idosos cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03)
Terassi, Mariélli
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Say, Karina Gramani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
The caregiver who has the responsibility to take care of their elderly family member can modify their routine, increasing their workload and being susceptible to the appearance of pain. Chronic pain can interfere with the cognitive process leading to memory deficits, reduced time response, concentration and attention. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between chronic pain and cognition in elderly caregivers. It is a descriptive, exploratory, with a quantitative approach and crosssectional design research. The study was conducted in Sao Carlos, a town in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with sixty-year-old people or older who provide care to another elderly in the house. The final sample included 320 elderly caregivers, divided into two groups: one group with chronic pain (n = 187) and a group with no pain (n = 133). The instruments used for data collection were: sociodemographic characterization, health and care, Multidimensional Scale Evaluation of Pain (EMADOR), Addenbrooke´s Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), Inventory for Evaluation of overload, Perceived Stress Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. The median age of the population was 68 years old, with a predominance of females (76.2%) and family income of three Brazilian median salaries. Regarding education, 17.5% (n = 56) were illiterate, 63.5% (n = 203) had one to four years at school, 9.4% (n = 30) five to nine years and 9, 6 (n = 31) ten years or more years at school. It was observed that the group with pain showed better level of education, with lower literacy rates when compared to the group without pain. In the group with chronic pain, 36.1% of the participants provide care for over 10 years and 26.9% spends 5-9 hours a day taking care of the elderly. In the group without pain, it was observed a lower percentage of participants who perform care for over 10 years. Caregivers with chronic pain had higher scores on overload scales, stress and depressive symptoms, with significant statistical difference between the groups. Regarding cognitive assessment, the elderly with chronic pain outperformed the elderly with no pain in all areas of the instrument ACE-R (Attention and orientation, memory, language, fluency and visuospatial skills). Regarding pain, 58.4% of seniors reported feeling pain for more than six months. The parts with the highest prevalence were the lumbar region (58.8%) and lower limbs (58.8%). There was a prevalence of moderate intensity (39.0%) and severe pain (38.6%). The descriptors listed by caregivers to represent pain were uncomfortable (92.5%), painful (87.1%) and sustained (73.7%). This study helped to identify the sociodemographic profile, health, care and characteristics of chronic pain of elderly caregivers attended at Public Health Units. It was not observed the association between chronic pain and worse cognitive performance, and caregivers with pain had better scores on the ACE-R than elderly people with no pain, showing a contrary result to the initial hypothesis, recommending the use of more specific instruments for future studies.
Análise do efeito das condições operacionais e características geométricas do leito de jorro na secagem de pastas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-06)
Perazzini, Maisa Tonon Bitti
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
In this present work, the fluidynamic and drying process of paste in a spouted bed was analyzed. The experiments were conducted using polyethylene particles of 4.38 mm of diameter and 930.5 ± 0.3 kg/m3 of specific mass as inert particles, different loads of inert particles (1.50, 3.00 and 4.50 kg) and a fixed static bed height (23.50 cm). The spouted bed consisted of a cylindrical vessel, with 120 cm of height, 30 cm of diameter, 3 cm of inlet diameter, three lower cone angles (45, 60 and 75º) and two geometric factors of inlet nozzle (Venture and straight pipe). Distilled water and skimmed milk were employed as pastes. Bed pressure, inlet air temperature and velocity, exhaust temperature and dry and wet bulb temperature were measured during the experiments. Results have shown that the bed geometry had influence on the bed fluidynamic and drying process. With respect to fluidynamics, it was found that for fixed particles loads, increasing the cone angle from 45º to 75º decreased the minimum spouting velocity and the pressure drop. However, for a fixed cone angle, increasing the particles loads increased the fluidynamics parameters. The correlations used to predict the values of umj, ΔPmáx and ΔPmj showed a limitation on their application with the operating conditions studied. As regards the drying of skimmed milk, the results showed that the drying process is favored by the cone angles 45º and 75º. This was attributed to the high number of particles collisions and agitation inside the drying chamber , by the bed configurations. Finally, it was found that the Venturi nozzle provided a greater bed stability during drying of skimmed milk over the nozzle type straight pipe.
Mecanismo de solidificação de ligas do sistema Al-Mn-Ce ricas em Al sob diferentes taxas de resfriamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-07)
Coury, Francisco Gil
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Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
The aircraft industry search for light weight materials to produce lower density parts for increased energy efficiency of fuels was focused in recent years in searching new alloy systems with high mechanical strength and with the ability of producing low-density coatings. The objective of this work was to select a promising system for manufacturing alloys with high mechanical strenght but also capable of forming high hardness samples, for different compositions. The chosen system was mapped in a matter of microstructures formed under different cooling rates, thereby determining the formation region of each phase depending on the cooling rate required for their production. The Al-rich compositions in Al-Mn-Ce system were chosen and their solidification was studied under various cooling rates, from high to low. For high cooling rates, the formation of the crystalline phase Al20Mn2Ce was observed, this is a metastable phase that forms in these Al-rich samples under high cooling rates. The results presented here allow a reinterpretation of the literature data about the phases present in other studies, it is clear that in all cases, the phase present is Al20Mn2Ce, this phase may even coexist with a quasicrystalline phase, the binary Al-Mn quasicrystal, however there is no beneficial effect by adding Ce to the formation of quasicrystals. This phase can also form in copper mold cast samples, in this work produced in the form of cylinders with different diameters, whose yield strength can exceed 800MPa. This phase is relatively thermal stable due to a layer of the Al6Mn phase formed on decomposition of the ternary phase that constitutes a protective cover. Solidification of samples produced under lower cooling rates were also studied. This part of the study enabled the development of a new fraction of the phase diagram of this system.
Cinema e educação : produção e democratização do audiovisual com crianças e adolescentes em Curitiba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-07)
Stecz, Solange Straube
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
The starting point of this study is the project "Children and Animated Film", held by the “Cinemateca de Curitiba” between 1976 and 1983 that innovated the relationship between cinema and education in municipal schools. Its innovative character, allow us to compare it to contemporary audiovisual projects, which production and enjoyment of work towards audiovisual democratization. The main view expressed here is that cinema in its artistic dimension, educational and humanistic builds bridges between educators and filmmakers working in the perspective of education as the practice of freedom. Evaluate the relationships between cinema and education requires us to pass beyond the awareness and criticality of the cinematic look of the children considering the school as a space for development and enjoyment of cinema as art. It also allow us think the role of the film-maker in school and how their technical knowledge / aesthetic contributes to the process. The main objective of this study is to reflect on the development of relations between cinema and the education in Curitiba, its practices and actors, with reference to the project, "Child and Animation Film" and contemporary experiences in audiovisual. The theory reference is based on education concepts, philosophy, sociology and anthropology, from key authors such as Alain Bergala, for whom the school should be a place of incorporation and enjoyment of cinema as art. Love the movie and understand it requires the adoption of a pedagogy of creation, not just of contemplation.
Caminhando apesar dos limites : o cuidado parental à criança com retinopatia da prematuridade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-07)
Facio, Beatriz Castanheira
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Wernet, Monika
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725746286698199
Prematurity has been considered a public health problem. It is a condition, associated with complications, that is among the three leading causes of death in children under age five. It is a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vascularization disorder of the immature retina that occurs in eighteen thousand premature infants annually in Brazil, ten percent of which develop visual impairment. Having a premature child with visual impairment due to the retinopathy of prematurity impacts family dynamics. This study aims to analyze the influence of interactions between parents (mother and father) and health professionals in the care of the child with ROP. The theoretical reference is Symbolic Interactionism and the methodological framework is Narrative Research. The data was collected through individual, in depth interviews led by two moments: characterization of the subjects, with elaboration of genogram and eco-map and obtaining the narrative of the phenomenon in focus, through the following proposition: 'I believe that, in function of the prematurity and ROP of your child, you have met with various health professionals. Tell me about your relationship with them and how it interfere in nurturing (child's name). The location of the subjects, parents (father and mother) of children with retinopathy of prematurity, was performed by the snow ball strategy. Questions concerning the characterization of the subjects were an opportunity to create a table with demographic data of both parents and obstetric data from mothers. In addition to a second table concerning children‟s demographics, conditions of birth and received diagnoses during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. The analysis of parental narratives allowed to list "Walking despite the limits" as the central storyline, supported by the themes "Child‟s Partner" and "(Un)welcoming" (subdivided into Informational and Emotional). These depict the struggle of the parents to nurture the child with ROP before the interactional context with professionals in the studied scenario. We conclude that the interactions with professionals characterized as mostly limited to parental care, especially for the lack of communication and information affecting the creation of bonds, emotional care and the development of parenting skills. On the other hand, interactions with the child and internalized reflections acted as motivating, resulting in partnership actions and stimulating their development. Limitations pointed solely to bringing only parental perspective with almost homogeneous characterization of participants, probably due to the use of snow ball strategy ( probability sampling technique that involves indication of potential subject).The study expands the qualitative evidence in the context of retinopathy of prematurity, with innovative character for lean events inherent to the experience of having / caring for a child with ROP, contemplating the perception of parents (women and men), a fact that breaks the tendency to hear only mothers. The emphasis on interaction has strengthened the value and role of dialogue, of language, of intersubjective interactions as care constituents and thus deserving investment, being still a challenge en route to qualification of Health.
A fototerapia como mecanismo potencializador no tratamento da obesidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-07)
Aquino Junior, Antonio Eduardo de
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which has endogenous and exogenous origin, and it comprises 95% of all cases. One of the treatments takes into account the negative energy balance, which is the ratio between reduction in consumption and increased energy expenditure. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of phototherapy associated to (low-level laser therapy) concurrent exercise (aerobic / resistance), at moderate intensity in women with exogenous overweight and obesity. Were selected 64 women, with aged 20-40 years, body mass index between 30 and 40 kg/m2, divided into two groups, which were described as: Sham (concurrent exercise + absence of light) and phototherapy (concurrent exercise + presence of light). It is important to note that at no time volunteers know of the absence of light during the process in Sham group. The exercise protocol parameters followed de Piano (2012), Obesity Study Group member (GEO) - UNIFESP. The irradiation parameter was 100mW, 60mW/cm2, 16 minutes of treatment time, at a wavelength of 808nm and applied in the regions: anterior region - abdominal and quadriceps; posterior region - gluteus and biceps femoral, soon after exercise, 3 times per week for 48 weeks. Thus, the association between phototherapy and moderate intensity exercise was effective in relation to clinical obesity situation, reducing the body weight, body fat deposits, lipid profile and the relationship of glycemic profile / insulin levels and decreasing the possibility insulin resistance. Thus, the action of the technology used in the context of clinical obesity is a new mechanism for multidisciplinary clinical practice in the treatment of obesity.
Frege e as Leis da Aritmética: do ideal de fundamentação ao paradoxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Coury, Aline Germano Fonseca
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688805153426529
Since the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, some scholars such as Frege, Russell, Dedekind, Wittgenstein, among others, started to seek the foundations of the mathematics. Specifically, Frege developed studies in order to build the arithmetic foundation based on classical logic, i. e., using logic, he intended to build a system capable of formalizing mathematical definitions and proof methods. These works resulted in the publication of The Foundations of the Arithmetic in 1884 and subsequently in 1893 and 1902, The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. However, Frege’s attempt to reduce arithmetic to logic was inadequate due to a paradox discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1902. The aim of this research was to reconstruct mathematically and logically the Russell paradox in its original formulation in the Frege’s The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. This study had as primary bibliography Frege’s works and as secondary bibliography, works of his commentators, as well as the correspondence between Frege and Russell. This research provides a logical, philosophical and mathematical formation for the educator who is in contact with this event that covers both the areas that is disciplinary today. It is a fertile moment in the history of philosophy of mathematics and logic, configured as a watershed for mathematical theories since it enabled Gödel's incompleteness theorems and non-classical logics to be formulated, and also has repercussions in contemporary philosophy and which is of unquestionable value for the teacher formation.
Formação e mineralização de substâncias húmicas desde a decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatórios tropicais com diferentes graus de trofia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Souza, Brayan Pétrick de
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9604874066821120
The decomposition of aquatic macrophytes is important for understanding the cycling of elements and organic matter in aquatic ecosystems. The decomposition rate is driven by biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of trophic status and detritus quality on the humification and mineralization of aquatic plants. The study was conducted in two tropical reservoirs (RJ/Brazil) with different trophic statuse (Lajes Reservoir: oligo-mesotrophic; Vigário Reservoir: eutrophic). In each reservoir were incubated (litter bags), during the dry season, five species of aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., Pistia stratiotes (L.), Sagittaria montevidensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Salvinia auriculata (Aubl.) and Urochloa arrecta (Hack. & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga). The remaining fractions were used for the extraction of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), which were quantified on carbon basis (controlled combustion and infrared detection). FA and HA variations were adjusted to a 1st order kinetic model. Regardless of the kind of macrophyte and trophic status, the particulate detritus showed a reactive fraction (RPOC) related to the formation of humic substances (HS) and a fraction not involved with such formations, the humin (HU); FA predominated as the main constituent of HS and their mineralization rate constants were higher than those of HA, indicating greater contribution and rapid cycling of FA. HA represented the maintenance of carbon pool. The fraction HU indicated that, depending on the detritus quality, carbon is immobilized carbon (e.g. S. auriculata) and is not readily available to cycling in aquatic environments. The trophic status along with the quality of detritus influenced the mineralization rates, especially for floating species (P. stratiotes, E. crassipes and S. auriculata) and amphibious (U. arrecta); the effects were lower in decomposition of S. montevidensis. The eutrophic environment (Vigario Reservoir) improved the mineralization over humification.
Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Kidney Disease Loss Scale para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Ottaviani, Ana Carolina
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Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355920916125637
Losses can be conceptualized as cognitive and affective responses to individual sorrows, characterized by brooding, yearning, disbelief and stunned feelings, being clinically significant in chronic diseases. This study aimed to translate, adapt and validate the Kidney Disease Loss Scale for the Brazilian context. This is a methodological study in which they followed the steps recommended in the literature for healthcare instruments which are: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, review by a especilistas committee, pre-testing and evaluation of psychometric properties instrument. All ethical guidelines were followed. The previous steps were performed in the pre-test losses Scale related to kidney disease was an instrument easy to understand and apply. Regarding the evaluation stage of the psychometric properties of the scale of losses relating to kidney disease, verifcou to reliability and reproducibility through Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation index, respectively, which showed satisfactory values. Furthermore, it was verified concurrent and convergent validity through the Pearson correlation coefficient, which indicated a positive correlation between the loss and the levels of anxiety and depression and negative correlation between losses and domains of quality of life, with statistical significance using. The discriminant validity was analyzed by comparing the average loss between the groups with and without depression symptoms, with and without anxiety and with better quality or lower quality of life, which in the vast majority were statistically significant. Also held factorial analysis, which indicated the solution of a factor, being satisfactory for this set of items. This solution produced a factor with eigenvalue 3.58 and explained 59.7% of the total variance. Based on the proposed objectives and results, it is concluded that the loss has been translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context, allowing future studies of losses and providing tools for the professionals working in dialysis centers for assistance to people with chronic kidney disease dialysis.
Valores de referencia de elementos inorgânicos potencialmente tóxicos em solos do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Consonni, João Luiz
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7841071063418239
The use of guiding values has been the practice in countries with tradition in monitoring the quality of natural resources. The first step of a pollution monitoring program is to establish the natural concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in uncontaminated soil to the development of background values. Mean values of total PTE concentration in worldwide are very heterogeneous and resulting from different soils, extraction methods and techniques of analytical determination. The background values recommended by CETESB were obtained from samples of 13 soils, submitted to USEPA SW 846 3050 protocol, whose PTE contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The objective of this work was to contribute to the improvement of background values of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V and Zn in tropical soils, using topsoil samples (0-20 cm) of 30 representative soils of State of São Paulo, Brazil, collected in areas without human disturbance. The soil samples were submitted to the USEPA SW 846 3051, 3051 A and 3052 protocols, with microwaveassisted acid digestion. Natural contents of PTEs were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Extraction protocols were evaluated using the certified soil sample NIST SRM 2709 San Joaquin. Arithmetic means were adopted to describe the central tendency and the variation of results from the different acid digestions and to set the background values into 75 and 90 percentiles. Regardless the extraction method, the average contents of EPT were in the following range of variation (mg kg-1): Al - 27118-42865; Ba - 78-101; Fe - 6318- 35888; Cd - ND - 2.2; Co - 18 to 37; Cr - 39-59; Cu - 43-61; Mn - 176-623; Ni - ND - 61; V - 111-193 and Zn - 63 to 68. The contents of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, V and Zn correlated with clay, amorphous (Feox) and crystalline (FeDCB) iron oxides contents. The method 3052 resulted in PTEs recovery levels within the limits considered acceptable for certified sample. Within recommended methods by CONAMA Resolution n.420 / 2009, the 3051 A was the best correlated with the method 3052 and was considered the protocol with high potential to improve soil background values. The new soil background values were (mg kg-1): a) percentile 75: Al - 66,700; BA - 68; CD - 1.53; Co - 16; Cr - 47; Cu - 20; Fe - 24,830; Mn - 333; Ni - 57; V - 66; Zn - 61; percentile 90: Al - 99 820; Ba - 113; CD - 1.78; Co - 30; Cr - 62; Cu - 32; Fe - 39 280; Mn - 480; Ni - 113; V - 119; Zn - 65. Since new background values differed from those currently practiced by CETESB, the use of ICP OES to determine natural PTE levels extracted by USEPA 3051 A, from a larger and more representative set of soils, supported the improvement of background values and may contribute to the improvement of the environmental risk assessment estimates for edaphoclimatical conditions of the State of São Paulo.
Uma contribuição para a avaliação da qualidade de modelos na fase de projeto de software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-13)
Souza, Odair Moreira de
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8447938107204065
Context: Software engineering aims to provide software development with high quality in short time and low cost. In this context, product quality assurance goes through all phases of development process, avoiding the generation of high cost in corrective maintenance in advanced phases of development. In the design phase, a mean of anticipating the detection of structural and behavioural problems and reduce rework is by applying metrics in design models. Objective: This work aimed to provide a systematic and automated process for the evaluation of software design models based on internal metrics and external quality attributes. A conceptual framework, entitled QM2, and automated tools have been proposed, which include the main activities and resources needed for assessing the quality level of models during the design phase. Method: For the definition of QM2, studies have been conducted to identify the essential activities for design evaluation, addressing quality models, internal metrics and reusable software resources. For the evaluation of the the framework and tools developed, were addressed models of a robotic em¬bedded system represented in UML. Results: Was established a sequence of steps to evaluate the quality level of software models. Was performed the automation of the QM2 framework, including tool for metrics extraction and the management of assessment projects. Conclusion: The simple definition and extraction of metrics do not ensure the quality of a software project, because the interpretation of values should be associated with external quality attributes. In that sense, in this work the assessment of design is performed by means of extraction and calculation of model metrics. The quality level of a model is obtained through the association between internal measures computed and external quality attributes.
Análise discursiva dos comentários : textualização e historicidade do / sobre o Marco Civil da Internet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Silva, José Cláudio Vasconcelos da
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Abreu, Ana Silvia Couto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461517670259813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5251251772257360
This study analyzed, based on French Discourse Analysis, the circulation of the senses on the Civil Marco of the Internet through the comments in the digital space. Our study object are their comments from a news published in various media on the Internet. We proved that these comments are quite heterogeneous, in various forms, compositions and completely different meanings effects. For the analysis, we chose from various websites the same news: "The House passed the Civil Marco of the Internet" as well as the same news, but now published on a blog that deals with specific issues regulations on the Internet, the Sérgio Amadeu’s blog. We attempted to understand which sense effects circulated in these two Internet environments, that resulted important details for our research regarding on the digital media publishing field differences and the possibility for publishing comments and discussions and access to them. The blog usually deals with a specific theme and only those who are interested in these topics are that follow and comment on that, and usually the readers know the blog’s author, which unlike the websites, they can address different subjects and they are aimed to readers also distinct but able to give an opinion on various newspaper articles even possessing open feedback channels and generally they are free. Our objective was to understand how the individuals comment on the internet, how they think of to read news and what the senses are circulated through their comments. Our objective was also to understand the textualizations that circulated on the network about the regulation of the Civil Marco of the Internet. The articulation of our file comments with the theoretical and methodological propositions whom we signed in this study were able to give us the possibility to understand the conditions of production of these readers-authors to then understand the speeches that circulated and influenced others comments with the ideology and related similar discursive features.
Adaptação cultural do instrumento "Standford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment" para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Gomes, Cassia Regina Gontijo
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011528755378674
The self-efficacy is the main concept of the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura and it refers to the personal judgement that individuals make about how much they are able to organize and implement activities in unpredictable and stressful circumstances . In this sense, standout people who face chronic diseases like cancer, whose health condition leads them to live several limitations in their daily lives. The aim of this methodological study was to culturally adapt the instrument Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment (SICPA) to Brazil. This tool was developed to measure the perceived self-efficacy in cancer patients and has 38 items, assessed at Likert scale ranging from 0 (no confident) to 10 (totally confident) points. The possible range for the total measurement is 0 to 380, in which the larger the value, greater self-efficacy. The adaptation process followed the steps recommended in the literature: translation to the Portuguese language, synthesis, back translation, appreciation by a committee of experts, pre-test and appraisal of the instrument of the author. The study included four translators, six specialists and 30 patients diagnosed with cancer. Two of the translators were Brazilian; one of them with degree in health area and the other with Letters degree. The other two translators were native English speaking and more than a year residents in Brazil. Concerning the experts, there was an oncologist physician; a nurse, a PhD in medical-surgical nursing field with focus on self-efficacy in cancer patients; another nurse specialist on instruments methodology; a third nurse specialist on methodological tools and experienced in the self-efficacy construct; a psychologist and a professional translator. Regarding the clinical characteristics of the pre-test patients, 40% had a diagnosis of breast cancer, followed by head and neck (27%) and colorectal cancer (26%). In the evaluation stage of the expert committee, the most consistent changes in the adapted version of the instrument were: the question that concerned the ability to ward off sadness in relation to cancer and the suggestion to put all the items of the instrument in the first person singular. In the pretest phase, the subjects did not suggest any change in the instrument items. Thus, we conclude that the SICPA has been successfully adapted. The adapted version of SICPA must be submitted to validity and reliability tests with the required authorizations granted by the original authors of the instrument.
Efeitos da ovariectomia, do treinamento resistido e da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a expressão gênica de marcadores da biogênese mitocondrial em cérebro de ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Domingos, Mateus Moraes
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3127019830672018
Decreased levels of estrogen are associated with a decline in brain bioenergetics, which could be associated with a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis (MB). Endurance training (ET) has been shown to increase markers of MB within the brain. However, the molecular events associated with this process were only investigated for ET but not for resistance training (RT) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In the study, we attempted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy (Ovx), RT and HRT on markers of MB (mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - γ coactivator 1 (PGC - 1α), nuclear respiratory fator- 1 (NRF - 1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)) in specific brain regions, cortex (CX), hippocampus (HC), and hypothalamus (HT) in rats. Sprague - Dawley adult female rats were grouped into six groups: sham - operated sedentary (Sham - Sed); Ovx - Sed; Sham - RT; Ovx - RT; Ovx – Sed - HRT and Ovx - RT - HRT. The animals in HRT groups received subcut aneously implanted silastic capsules with a solution of 180 μg 17β - estradiol/ml sunflower oil. A 12- week RT period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1 - m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4 - 9 climbs. Gene expression was analyzed by RT - PCR by the ∆∆Ct method. The Ovx decreased the gene expression of molecules related to BM, PGC - 1α (28%), NRF - 1 (29%) and TFAM (20%) in the HC. These Ovx - induced lower gene expressions were totally restored in this structure by RT. RT increased the markers of MB, PGC - 1a (~33%), NRF - 1 (~31%) and TFAM (~44%) in CX, HC and HT. These findings suggest that OVX decreases brain MB, in our data observed in HC, and RT increases brain MB, which may have important implications with respect to various central nervous system diseases and age - related dementia that are often characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Stimulation or enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis may prove a novel neuroprotective strategy in the future.
Formação da autonomia e pensamento crítico na escola: reflexões e sugestão metodológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Verdini, Vanessa Chacon
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8931233210145514
The purpose of this undergraduate final paper of Philosophy is, at first, to analyze the objectives of Philosophy Teaching in High School as proposed in current official documents, to reflect on whether memorization is an effective method to achieve them. Based on the text "Answer to the question: what is Enlightenment?" (1784) by Immanuel Kant, we will reevaluate the author's concepts in the light of contemporary school education, in addition to dealing with the opposition between private use and public use of reason and the difficulties that arise at this point. Secondly, we will briefly examine some methods pointed out by the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines for Philosophy and elaborate a methodological suggestion to address the contents of Philosophy in High School, through an attempt to approach the classroom with the theater, which is based on the text “Paradox of Acting” (1773-78; published in 1830), by Denis Diderot. With these analyses of classical authors, carried out with a certain hermeneutic freedom, we believe we can rethink the principles that guide a philosophy class, whether elaborated in a historical or thematic way, and suggest a teaching methodology that addresses philosophical content so significantly for the classroom.