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Suportes de simulação como objetos intermediários para incorporação da perspectiva da atividade na concepção de situações produtivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Moura, Daniel Braatz Antunes de Almeida; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287608431146025
Understanding the work in order to transform it is the concern of ergonomics. To expand its capacity of effective intervention this discipline gets closer to the field of engineering, especially the production engineering, searching for methods, techniques and tools, which assist it in the design process of productive facilities. The knowledge domains related to the engineering design and, specifically, the workspace design might be of a substantial contribution to the effectiveness of the incorporation of the activity’s perspective (according to the concept of situated ergonomics) in this process. From a theoretical and conceptual articulation, which laid the foundation to the field research in an oil refining company, is sought the comprehension of how the different simulation supports were determinant to the incorporation of rationale, interests, constraints and expectations from the actors participating in the conception process. To achieve this comprehension is used the concept of intermediary objects of conception and their theoretical stances in the axis “commissioning-mediator” and “closed-open”. The research makes evident the role the simulation supports play in the creation of simulation situations allowing divergent (and innovative) processes in the action of designing technical systems and convergent processes in the conduction of the project. The prescriptive propositions (from the practical world, including the activity’s perspective) and descriptive (from the theoretical world, containing in it the exact sciences and related technical questions) are also incorporated in the articulation, allowing a dialogic process of conception. The research presents recommendations which enable the design of productive facilities to entail an ongoing and distributed conception, having the simulation as an instrument oriented to the object (design action of the technical system), to the other (coordinated action) and to the self (when encompassing space to its development, learning and transformation).
Processos educativos construídos com participantes do projeto vivências em atividades diversificadas de lazer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Leal, Paulo Henrique; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6847313678031500
Children, adolescents, young people and all human beings, as such, have the right to respect, human dignity, the fun, the enjoyment of pleasure, to his body, the most diverse space/time/living contexts in social practices, to develop/strengthen and keep alive the material and symbolic dimensions of their cultures as well as their educational processes, walking thus their right to humanization. For concreteness assumptions like this, it becomes relevant historical witness that human beings experience the search for coherence between the intentionality of human rights and educate themselves in communion, lovingly. Considering that hope is an ontological requirement of human beings and that the search for be for the humanization, the ethics of liberation consists of human vocations also ontological, in this thesis built the following research question: which educational processes are developed/among children, adolescents and young people participating in the project experiences in diverse leisure activities in the São Carlos/SP city? How to educate themselves in this context, to lead your life? From this point Latin-South, we had as main objective: to identify, describe and understand educational processes present in educating yourself to conduct live with/among children, adolescents and young people in the experiences project in diverse recreational activities in the São Carlos/SP city. In the light of qualitative research, with the southern hemisphere stemmed approach, research with the collaboration of 25 children, adolescents and youth of the neighborhoods Santa Felicia, Jardim Gonzaga and surroundings, participants Experiences Extension Project in Diversified Activities Leisure, beyond 13 educators. We conduct investigative dialogic interaction weekly over five months of insertion, and the records of the knowledge of living-dialogical-investigative were through notes and field diaries, which were analyzed based on the construction of categories in social research. In short, the results described two large sets of educational processes, as follows: 1) where people with us: living, dialogical, empathy and otherness; and 2) all together and mixed: educating and educating yourself on/for leisure. Was highlighted as basting educational process in the time/space/dialogical investigative historical context of social leisure practice, otherness/loveliness/empathy to conduct live by children, adolescents and youth. In short, from the procedural nature of the construction of this investigation, we had the following ideological positioning/political defended a thesis: children, adolescents and young people in different ways, educate yourself while driving to live in search of being more with intent, playing, reading, meaning, loving (and therefore transforming) their context, their life-world; living-dialogue by educating yourself and ethically to the world in communion; It is human in the difficulties of their friends and friends, and people with us in the middle childhoods and youths popular.
Modificação microestrutural da liga de magnésio AZ31 por fricção e mistura a altas velocidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Valio, Gustavo Trindade; Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4352561429777808
Due to the current growth in the fossil fuels consumption, there is a great concern about the increase in pollutant emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, research indicates that the decrease in vehicle weight can be one of the solutions to reduce these gas emissions. One possible way to reduce the car weight is the replacement of parts that uses high density metals by Magnesium alloys. The major problem with this replacement is the lack of ductility that this material has at room temperature, being necessary to heat the plates before the conformation. This heating process has a high production costs and it is unfeasible to use in the automotive industry today. In view of this problem, this work aims to study this lack of conformity to room temperature using a microstructure modification technique located in the regions of conformation. The technic used was Friction Stir Processing (FSP) at high speed. This processing is similar to Friction Stir Welding (FSW), but without joining materials. The FSP is just a localized microstructural modification. The analysis performed in this study after processing at 1, 7 and 10 m/min show that the microstructure and mechanical properties undergoes various changes at for every processing speed output different. The results showed that the material after processing improves the ductility at room temperature as grain size decreases.
Reflexões sobre o desenho infantil sob o olhar da Pedagogia Waldorf
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Cruz, Mariane Ribeiro da; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4349070815661363
The present work addresses the following question-problem: what is Waldorf´s pedagogical proposal for children's drawing? In order to answer this main question, the research aimed to study the theoretical foundation of Waldorf pedagogy, understand the main stages of the development of drawing in early childhood, get to know the routine of Early Childhood Education at the Waldorf school, with a focus on development and the making of children's drawing. The research was carried out at the Waldorf Micael School located in the city of Sorocaba / SP, in a kindergarten class, with six children aged between one year and eight months to three and a half years. The work is organized in three chapters. Chapter I presents the theoretical framework, addressing Rudolf Steiner's biography, the basic principles of Anthroposophy, Waldorf Pedagogy and its Brazilian strand, the specificities of the Waldorf Kindergarten and the importance of children's drawing in the light of Waldorf Pedagogy. Chapter II describes the methodological paths and Chapter III presents the data analysis. The results indicate that the deep understanding of the human being adopted by the Waldorf pedagogy, which includes a conception of a child that respects his body, his limits and his will, allows the graphic records of each child to express movements and forces that are acting on him in a different way. free, lively and, above all, spontaneous.
Composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica e caracterização sucessional de três fragmentos florestais, na Estância Turística de Itu - SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Wakabayashi, Tatiana Yukari; Koch, Ingrid; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4839123900255164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6788349063856333
The city of Itu has only 9.90% of its territory with native vegetation. Knowledge of native vegetation and biodiversity with studies of the floristic composition and phytosociological structure of the remaining forests are important for understanding the structure and dynamics of these formations. This study aimed to analyze the floristic composition, structure and successional stage of three remaining semideciduous forest located in the city of Itu. And with these results, discuss the possible influences of size, land tenure (private or public), land use in their surroundings and protected areas, in addition to verifying the presence of endangered species. The points were named: Pesqueiro, Cidade Nova and Fazenda. At each point, was allocated 12 plots of 10m X 10m and identified individuals with circumference at breast height (CAP) equal to or greater than 15 cm. The phytosociological parameters were calculated by FITOPAC 2.1 software being sampled 552 individuals distributed into 149 species considering the total area (0.36 ha), and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H?) estimated in 4.46. The five richest families were Myrtaceae (19 species), Fabaceae (19), Lauraceae (12), Euphorbiaceae (9) and Rubiaceae (8). The ten species with the highest IVI, in general, showed characteristic of advanced stage of succession. From 552 individuals, 73% are not pioneers and 16% are pioneers. Through correspondence and cluster analysis, it observed the formation of three major groups which coincide with the sampled points, even with low similarity values. This low similarity is shown in the Venn diagram and Jaccard similarity index (Ij) between points, the maximum value of Ij occurred between Pesqueiro and Fazenda points (13.8%). Species were sampled on all points with some degree of threat according to the lists consulted, they are: Myrceugenia campestris, Machaerium villosum, Brosimum glaziovii, Myrcianthes pungens and Cedrela fissilis. Comparing the diversity indexes, the Fazenda Point had the highest value with H? = 3.88, followed by Pesqueiro Point with H? = 3.63 and Cidade Nova point with H? = 3.47. It was observed greatest richness in Pesqueiro Point (69 species), followed by Fazenda Point (68) and finally Cidade Nova point (51). The size of the area did not affect the species richness, because different fragment sizes showed similar number of species. Cidade Nova point, placed in public property with urban surroundings, showed important to preservation of urban green areas and can act as stepping stones. As for the Pesqueiro and Fazenda points, placed in private property with rural surroundings are important in connectivity between fragments inserted in this landscape. Cidade Nova and Fazenda points are included in protected areas (APA), but there are no guarantees of maintenance of the quality of these fragments. The same can happen for the Pesqueiro point, which could suffer serious impact. This study indicated that each fragment has a series of characteristics, which emphasizes their uniqueness and importance in view of conservation.
Associação entre dor crônica e cognição de idosos cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-03) Terassi, Mariélli; Say, Karina Gramani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9121988542489680
The caregiver who has the responsibility to take care of their elderly family member can modify their routine, increasing their workload and being susceptible to the appearance of pain. Chronic pain can interfere with the cognitive process leading to memory deficits, reduced time response, concentration and attention. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between chronic pain and cognition in elderly caregivers. It is a descriptive, exploratory, with a quantitative approach and crosssectional design research. The study was conducted in Sao Carlos, a town in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with sixty-year-old people or older who provide care to another elderly in the house. The final sample included 320 elderly caregivers, divided into two groups: one group with chronic pain (n = 187) and a group with no pain (n = 133). The instruments used for data collection were: sociodemographic characterization, health and care, Multidimensional Scale Evaluation of Pain (EMADOR), Addenbrooke´s Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), Inventory for Evaluation of overload, Perceived Stress Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. The median age of the population was 68 years old, with a predominance of females (76.2%) and family income of three Brazilian median salaries. Regarding education, 17.5% (n = 56) were illiterate, 63.5% (n = 203) had one to four years at school, 9.4% (n = 30) five to nine years and 9, 6 (n = 31) ten years or more years at school. It was observed that the group with pain showed better level of education, with lower literacy rates when compared to the group without pain. In the group with chronic pain, 36.1% of the participants provide care for over 10 years and 26.9% spends 5-9 hours a day taking care of the elderly. In the group without pain, it was observed a lower percentage of participants who perform care for over 10 years. Caregivers with chronic pain had higher scores on overload scales, stress and depressive symptoms, with significant statistical difference between the groups. Regarding cognitive assessment, the elderly with chronic pain outperformed the elderly with no pain in all areas of the instrument ACE-R (Attention and orientation, memory, language, fluency and visuospatial skills). Regarding pain, 58.4% of seniors reported feeling pain for more than six months. The parts with the highest prevalence were the lumbar region (58.8%) and lower limbs (58.8%). There was a prevalence of moderate intensity (39.0%) and severe pain (38.6%). The descriptors listed by caregivers to represent pain were uncomfortable (92.5%), painful (87.1%) and sustained (73.7%). This study helped to identify the sociodemographic profile, health, care and characteristics of chronic pain of elderly caregivers attended at Public Health Units. It was not observed the association between chronic pain and worse cognitive performance, and caregivers with pain had better scores on the ACE-R than elderly people with no pain, showing a contrary result to the initial hypothesis, recommending the use of more specific instruments for future studies.