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Frege e as Leis da Aritmética: do ideal de fundamentação ao paradoxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Coury, Aline Germano Fonseca
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688805153426529
Since the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, some scholars such as Frege, Russell, Dedekind, Wittgenstein, among others, started to seek the foundations of the mathematics. Specifically, Frege developed studies in order to build the arithmetic foundation based on classical logic, i. e., using logic, he intended to build a system capable of formalizing mathematical definitions and proof methods. These works resulted in the publication of The Foundations of the Arithmetic in 1884 and subsequently in 1893 and 1902, The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. However, Frege’s attempt to reduce arithmetic to logic was inadequate due to a paradox discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1902. The aim of this research was to reconstruct mathematically and logically the Russell paradox in its original formulation in the Frege’s The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. This study had as primary bibliography Frege’s works and as secondary bibliography, works of his commentators, as well as the correspondence between Frege and Russell. This research provides a logical, philosophical and mathematical formation for the educator who is in contact with this event that covers both the areas that is disciplinary today. It is a fertile moment in the history of philosophy of mathematics and logic, configured as a watershed for mathematical theories since it enabled Gödel's incompleteness theorems and non-classical logics to be formulated, and also has repercussions in contemporary philosophy and which is of unquestionable value for the teacher formation.
Formação e mineralização de substâncias húmicas desde a decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatórios tropicais com diferentes graus de trofia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Souza, Brayan Pétrick de
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9604874066821120
The decomposition of aquatic macrophytes is important for understanding the cycling of elements and organic matter in aquatic ecosystems. The decomposition rate is driven by biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of trophic status and detritus quality on the humification and mineralization of aquatic plants. The study was conducted in two tropical reservoirs (RJ/Brazil) with different trophic statuse (Lajes Reservoir: oligo-mesotrophic; Vigário Reservoir: eutrophic). In each reservoir were incubated (litter bags), during the dry season, five species of aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., Pistia stratiotes (L.), Sagittaria montevidensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Salvinia auriculata (Aubl.) and Urochloa arrecta (Hack. & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga). The remaining fractions were used for the extraction of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), which were quantified on carbon basis (controlled combustion and infrared detection). FA and HA variations were adjusted to a 1st order kinetic model. Regardless of the kind of macrophyte and trophic status, the particulate detritus showed a reactive fraction (RPOC) related to the formation of humic substances (HS) and a fraction not involved with such formations, the humin (HU); FA predominated as the main constituent of HS and their mineralization rate constants were higher than those of HA, indicating greater contribution and rapid cycling of FA. HA represented the maintenance of carbon pool. The fraction HU indicated that, depending on the detritus quality, carbon is immobilized carbon (e.g. S. auriculata) and is not readily available to cycling in aquatic environments. The trophic status along with the quality of detritus influenced the mineralization rates, especially for floating species (P. stratiotes, E. crassipes and S. auriculata) and amphibious (U. arrecta); the effects were lower in decomposition of S. montevidensis. The eutrophic environment (Vigario Reservoir) improved the mineralization over humification.
Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Kidney Disease Loss Scale para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Ottaviani, Ana Carolina
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Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355920916125637
Losses can be conceptualized as cognitive and affective responses to individual sorrows, characterized by brooding, yearning, disbelief and stunned feelings, being clinically significant in chronic diseases. This study aimed to translate, adapt and validate the Kidney Disease Loss Scale for the Brazilian context. This is a methodological study in which they followed the steps recommended in the literature for healthcare instruments which are: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, review by a especilistas committee, pre-testing and evaluation of psychometric properties instrument. All ethical guidelines were followed. The previous steps were performed in the pre-test losses Scale related to kidney disease was an instrument easy to understand and apply. Regarding the evaluation stage of the psychometric properties of the scale of losses relating to kidney disease, verifcou to reliability and reproducibility through Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation index, respectively, which showed satisfactory values. Furthermore, it was verified concurrent and convergent validity through the Pearson correlation coefficient, which indicated a positive correlation between the loss and the levels of anxiety and depression and negative correlation between losses and domains of quality of life, with statistical significance using. The discriminant validity was analyzed by comparing the average loss between the groups with and without depression symptoms, with and without anxiety and with better quality or lower quality of life, which in the vast majority were statistically significant. Also held factorial analysis, which indicated the solution of a factor, being satisfactory for this set of items. This solution produced a factor with eigenvalue 3.58 and explained 59.7% of the total variance. Based on the proposed objectives and results, it is concluded that the loss has been translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context, allowing future studies of losses and providing tools for the professionals working in dialysis centers for assistance to people with chronic kidney disease dialysis.
Valores de referencia de elementos inorgânicos potencialmente tóxicos em solos do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-08)
Consonni, João Luiz
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7841071063418239
The use of guiding values has been the practice in countries with tradition in monitoring the quality of natural resources. The first step of a pollution monitoring program is to establish the natural concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in uncontaminated soil to the development of background values. Mean values of total PTE concentration in worldwide are very heterogeneous and resulting from different soils, extraction methods and techniques of analytical determination. The background values recommended by CETESB were obtained from samples of 13 soils, submitted to USEPA SW 846 3050 protocol, whose PTE contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The objective of this work was to contribute to the improvement of background values of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V and Zn in tropical soils, using topsoil samples (0-20 cm) of 30 representative soils of State of São Paulo, Brazil, collected in areas without human disturbance. The soil samples were submitted to the USEPA SW 846 3051, 3051 A and 3052 protocols, with microwaveassisted acid digestion. Natural contents of PTEs were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Extraction protocols were evaluated using the certified soil sample NIST SRM 2709 San Joaquin. Arithmetic means were adopted to describe the central tendency and the variation of results from the different acid digestions and to set the background values into 75 and 90 percentiles. Regardless the extraction method, the average contents of EPT were in the following range of variation (mg kg-1): Al - 27118-42865; Ba - 78-101; Fe - 6318- 35888; Cd - ND - 2.2; Co - 18 to 37; Cr - 39-59; Cu - 43-61; Mn - 176-623; Ni - ND - 61; V - 111-193 and Zn - 63 to 68. The contents of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, V and Zn correlated with clay, amorphous (Feox) and crystalline (FeDCB) iron oxides contents. The method 3052 resulted in PTEs recovery levels within the limits considered acceptable for certified sample. Within recommended methods by CONAMA Resolution n.420 / 2009, the 3051 A was the best correlated with the method 3052 and was considered the protocol with high potential to improve soil background values. The new soil background values were (mg kg-1): a) percentile 75: Al - 66,700; BA - 68; CD - 1.53; Co - 16; Cr - 47; Cu - 20; Fe - 24,830; Mn - 333; Ni - 57; V - 66; Zn - 61; percentile 90: Al - 99 820; Ba - 113; CD - 1.78; Co - 30; Cr - 62; Cu - 32; Fe - 39 280; Mn - 480; Ni - 113; V - 119; Zn - 65. Since new background values differed from those currently practiced by CETESB, the use of ICP OES to determine natural PTE levels extracted by USEPA 3051 A, from a larger and more representative set of soils, supported the improvement of background values and may contribute to the improvement of the environmental risk assessment estimates for edaphoclimatical conditions of the State of São Paulo.
Uma contribuição para a avaliação da qualidade de modelos na fase de projeto de software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-13)
Souza, Odair Moreira de
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8447938107204065
Context: Software engineering aims to provide software development with high quality in short time and low cost. In this context, product quality assurance goes through all phases of development process, avoiding the generation of high cost in corrective maintenance in advanced phases of development. In the design phase, a mean of anticipating the detection of structural and behavioural problems and reduce rework is by applying metrics in design models. Objective: This work aimed to provide a systematic and automated process for the evaluation of software design models based on internal metrics and external quality attributes. A conceptual framework, entitled QM2, and automated tools have been proposed, which include the main activities and resources needed for assessing the quality level of models during the design phase. Method: For the definition of QM2, studies have been conducted to identify the essential activities for design evaluation, addressing quality models, internal metrics and reusable software resources. For the evaluation of the the framework and tools developed, were addressed models of a robotic em¬bedded system represented in UML. Results: Was established a sequence of steps to evaluate the quality level of software models. Was performed the automation of the QM2 framework, including tool for metrics extraction and the management of assessment projects. Conclusion: The simple definition and extraction of metrics do not ensure the quality of a software project, because the interpretation of values should be associated with external quality attributes. In that sense, in this work the assessment of design is performed by means of extraction and calculation of model metrics. The quality level of a model is obtained through the association between internal measures computed and external quality attributes.
Análise discursiva dos comentários : textualização e historicidade do / sobre o Marco Civil da Internet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Silva, José Cláudio Vasconcelos da
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Abreu, Ana Silvia Couto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461517670259813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5251251772257360
This study analyzed, based on French Discourse Analysis, the circulation of the senses on the Civil Marco of the Internet through the comments in the digital space. Our study object are their comments from a news published in various media on the Internet. We proved that these comments are quite heterogeneous, in various forms, compositions and completely different meanings effects. For the analysis, we chose from various websites the same news: "The House passed the Civil Marco of the Internet" as well as the same news, but now published on a blog that deals with specific issues regulations on the Internet, the Sérgio Amadeu’s blog. We attempted to understand which sense effects circulated in these two Internet environments, that resulted important details for our research regarding on the digital media publishing field differences and the possibility for publishing comments and discussions and access to them. The blog usually deals with a specific theme and only those who are interested in these topics are that follow and comment on that, and usually the readers know the blog’s author, which unlike the websites, they can address different subjects and they are aimed to readers also distinct but able to give an opinion on various newspaper articles even possessing open feedback channels and generally they are free. Our objective was to understand how the individuals comment on the internet, how they think of to read news and what the senses are circulated through their comments. Our objective was also to understand the textualizations that circulated on the network about the regulation of the Civil Marco of the Internet. The articulation of our file comments with the theoretical and methodological propositions whom we signed in this study were able to give us the possibility to understand the conditions of production of these readers-authors to then understand the speeches that circulated and influenced others comments with the ideology and related similar discursive features.
Adaptação cultural do instrumento "Standford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment" para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Gomes, Cassia Regina Gontijo
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011528755378674
The self-efficacy is the main concept of the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura and it refers to the personal judgement that individuals make about how much they are able to organize and implement activities in unpredictable and stressful circumstances . In this sense, standout people who face chronic diseases like cancer, whose health condition leads them to live several limitations in their daily lives. The aim of this methodological study was to culturally adapt the instrument Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment (SICPA) to Brazil. This tool was developed to measure the perceived self-efficacy in cancer patients and has 38 items, assessed at Likert scale ranging from 0 (no confident) to 10 (totally confident) points. The possible range for the total measurement is 0 to 380, in which the larger the value, greater self-efficacy. The adaptation process followed the steps recommended in the literature: translation to the Portuguese language, synthesis, back translation, appreciation by a committee of experts, pre-test and appraisal of the instrument of the author. The study included four translators, six specialists and 30 patients diagnosed with cancer. Two of the translators were Brazilian; one of them with degree in health area and the other with Letters degree. The other two translators were native English speaking and more than a year residents in Brazil. Concerning the experts, there was an oncologist physician; a nurse, a PhD in medical-surgical nursing field with focus on self-efficacy in cancer patients; another nurse specialist on instruments methodology; a third nurse specialist on methodological tools and experienced in the self-efficacy construct; a psychologist and a professional translator. Regarding the clinical characteristics of the pre-test patients, 40% had a diagnosis of breast cancer, followed by head and neck (27%) and colorectal cancer (26%). In the evaluation stage of the expert committee, the most consistent changes in the adapted version of the instrument were: the question that concerned the ability to ward off sadness in relation to cancer and the suggestion to put all the items of the instrument in the first person singular. In the pretest phase, the subjects did not suggest any change in the instrument items. Thus, we conclude that the SICPA has been successfully adapted. The adapted version of SICPA must be submitted to validity and reliability tests with the required authorizations granted by the original authors of the instrument.
Efeitos da ovariectomia, do treinamento resistido e da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a expressão gênica de marcadores da biogênese mitocondrial em cérebro de ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Domingos, Mateus Moraes
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3127019830672018
Decreased levels of estrogen are associated with a decline in brain bioenergetics, which could be associated with a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis (MB). Endurance training (ET) has been shown to increase markers of MB within the brain. However, the molecular events associated with this process were only investigated for ET but not for resistance training (RT) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In the study, we attempted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy (Ovx), RT and HRT on markers of MB (mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - γ coactivator 1 (PGC - 1α), nuclear respiratory fator- 1 (NRF - 1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)) in specific brain regions, cortex (CX), hippocampus (HC), and hypothalamus (HT) in rats. Sprague - Dawley adult female rats were grouped into six groups: sham - operated sedentary (Sham - Sed); Ovx - Sed; Sham - RT; Ovx - RT; Ovx – Sed - HRT and Ovx - RT - HRT. The animals in HRT groups received subcut aneously implanted silastic capsules with a solution of 180 μg 17β - estradiol/ml sunflower oil. A 12- week RT period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1 - m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4 - 9 climbs. Gene expression was analyzed by RT - PCR by the ∆∆Ct method. The Ovx decreased the gene expression of molecules related to BM, PGC - 1α (28%), NRF - 1 (29%) and TFAM (20%) in the HC. These Ovx - induced lower gene expressions were totally restored in this structure by RT. RT increased the markers of MB, PGC - 1a (~33%), NRF - 1 (~31%) and TFAM (~44%) in CX, HC and HT. These findings suggest that OVX decreases brain MB, in our data observed in HC, and RT increases brain MB, which may have important implications with respect to various central nervous system diseases and age - related dementia that are often characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Stimulation or enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis may prove a novel neuroprotective strategy in the future.
Formação da autonomia e pensamento crítico na escola: reflexões e sugestão metodológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-15)
Verdini, Vanessa Chacon
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8931233210145514
The purpose of this undergraduate final paper of Philosophy is, at first, to analyze the objectives of Philosophy Teaching in High School as proposed in current official documents, to reflect on whether memorization is an effective method to achieve them. Based on the text "Answer to the question: what is Enlightenment?" (1784) by Immanuel Kant, we will reevaluate the author's concepts in the light of contemporary school education, in addition to dealing with the opposition between private use and public use of reason and the difficulties that arise at this point. Secondly, we will briefly examine some methods pointed out by the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines for Philosophy and elaborate a methodological suggestion to address the contents of Philosophy in High School, through an attempt to approach the classroom with the theater, which is based on the text “Paradox of Acting” (1773-78; published in 1830), by Denis Diderot. With these analyses of classical authors, carried out with a certain hermeneutic freedom, we believe we can rethink the principles that guide a philosophy class, whether elaborated in a historical or thematic way, and suggest a teaching methodology that addresses philosophical content so significantly for the classroom.
Transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação em escolares prematuros : estudo bibliométrico e de prevalência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-16)
Coppede, Aline Cirelli
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Martinez, Cláudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
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Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7263318849588556
Studies show that among the several changes that premature infants may present, the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) has highlighted. The incidence in this population is between 30 to 50%. Thus, there is necessary research in this field of knowledge in order to identify existing subject of this in the sciencitifc literature, the gaps to be filled and the prospects and trends in this area. The aim of this study was to verify how is the field of literature in national and international databases on Developmental Coordination Disorder among premature infants, and estimate the prevalence of Development Coordination Disorder (DCD) in elementary school children in Ribeirão Preto. The research is descriptive, exploratory and analytical. Quantitative methods were adopted and the research was divided into two studies. Study 1 refers to bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on TDC in premature available in national and international databases. The recovered articles have undergone a thorough review, and were produced bibliometric indicators on the profile of studies: year of publication, language, authorship, journal, participants, instruments used, design. Study 2 is to identify the prevalence of DCD in students from public and private schools in a city located in State of São Paulo. Participated in the survey, 315 school-age children with (6-13 years) and their parents. The instruments used were the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil, the questionnaire DCDQ - Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire - Brazilian version, the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale IV - SNAP IV and the Movement Assessment Battery Scale for Children-2 (MABC-2). Data were analyzed from spreadsheets of each instrument and descriptive statistical studies, were made comparative and correlational. The results showed that the publications on DCD in premature infants has increased in recent years, the predominant language is English, the authorship is collective, and Lotka's Law is confirmed; the country that stands out most is Australia (30%), most studies are descriptive cross-sectional (61%) and use the MABC-2 as test (50%). In study 2, 33% of children had risk TDC with a significant difference between the groups; The proportion of children with risk for TDC is 75% higher among premature infants in GII and 83% in GIII. The prevalence of children at risk for TDC is higher in public schools (45%) than in the private school (20%) in GIII; 17% of the children had scores to TDC, 7% moderate and 10% severe; 12% showed signs of ADHD. The DCDQ was onsidered valid by the M-ABC-2; and tests showed high association between them. It is observed that the effect of age presents significance, in which the group III prevalence is 1.75 times greater than the group I. The groups I and II do not differ. The effect of prematurity has significance, in which preterm infants have a prevalence of DCD 2.47 times greater than those born at term. The studies complement each presenting an overview of the state of the art production of scientific knowledge on TDC in premature showing gaps and trends in this area, guiding future studies. The prevalence study identifies correctly the children with signs and symptoms of TDC, is essential so that difficulties are assessed and an individual action plan is formulated, preventing future complications.
Priorização de inbound em centro de distribuição: estudo de caso em uma empresa de bens de consumo não duráveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-16)
Lopes, Karine Fasolin
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Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4575175280718550
Companies in the distribution sector of non-durable consumer goods in Brazil suffer with the sales' concentration at the end of the marketing period, i.e., when a large amount of deliveries to customers occur in the last days of the month. This phenomenon can directly affect the company's costs as well as the level of service for lack of available products. Quite common scenarios that happen in distribution centers (DC) in this period are vehicles waiting to unload and the lack of products for delivery orders – it can also happen that the missing products are queued on hold in the trucks, waiting to be received. Considering the operations in distribution centers during this period is focused on the outbound of products, just some docks are available for unload. Based on this, the key issue is to determine which trucks must enter first at the docks to unload considering the necessity of products for the shipping operations and also the costs involved in this choice. Hence, the main objective of this study is firstly to propose a Mathematical Programming model to assists in prioritizing incoming vehicles, i.e., to determine which trucks must unload only considering the lack of product. Also, evaluate an extension of this model to minimize the costs of prioritization of vehicles, considering the lack of products, extra hours and demurrage per vehicle not received. The model is based on problems of vehicles assignation such as the gate assignments in airports and ships allocation in ports. Nevertheless, taking into consideration a distribution center of a company on the non-durable Consumer Goods Sector. The model was solved using the commercial package GAMS/CPLEX and the results were compared with the plans practiced by the company obtaining an average improvement for minimizing the lack of products of 37.1 % and 31% of minimizing costs. Furthermore, in order to verify the model fitness, some random instances were also performed. The model results generated adequate solutions to the problem, showing that the model is a viable tool for the inbound prioritizing of products.
Corpus, máquinas e afetos: as experiências homossexuais na contemporaneidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-16)
Colpani, Felipe Pancheri
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Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8447935718925143
This research aims to analyze the production of homosexual experiences in contemporary times, with the investigative territory, social network Facebook. The space network connections [cyberspace] have been constituted as new production space morphologies for homosexuals. The technoculture’s virtual machines present themselves as social spaces of projection, memory and new developments. Emerged in a trans-discursive network connections, homosexuals can assume ownership of virtual machines to the ongoing reconstruction of its virtuality, understood as a mobile incorporeal flow that is transmuted in connection with each other. The social network Facebook is configured as a network of connections equipped by axes and directions, allowing individuals movements of deterritorial and intensive meetings, under a spatial mosaic hybrid, circumscribed in a multitude of territories and ciber-regions spread across the Global Village Machinic. The deterritorialized open cyberspace, solidifies as a space recorded by a heterogeneity of spatial elements, allowing the passage of flows and practices, and provide new experiences, which can move with the hetero-capitalism power centers. The analysis is centered on the materialistic production os [cyber]space, which allowed the outline of contemporary social production, combined with discursive production, through what is stated and registered on Facebook. A symbiosis that allowed me machining of existential production scenario in which these homosexuals are territorialized. The collection of discursive practices occurred from a virtual ethnography in the most closed group of homosexuals in Brazil, a nomadic territory of bodies and utterances that connects all to a central point: the uniqueness of homosexual desire. A creation of space for new experiences and affectivity, as well as a virtual closet. In this group, there are forces of coalescence: transgression forces and forces that capture the heterocapitalismo standard, constituting as an inductor territory of processes and connections that may even break with the reactionary encodings of global simulations of the Patriarchal-Heteroapitalist Empire. Through the analysis of the discursive production of homosexuals on Facebook, notes that homosexual experiences of today is based on a constant exchange between real and virtual, online and offline, corpus and machines under a profusion of new experiences and new performativities, passing by a social production of connections fight and claims and new groupings by affection.
Educação sexual: práticas pedagógicas em aulas de Ciências de escolas da Diretoria de Ensino de Votorantim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-17)
Rodrigues, Viviani Aparecida da Silva
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453042947678465
The way sexuality manifests itself is the product of a social, historical and cultural process, which goes beyond the biological dimension and it is evident in society through behaviors, attitudes and norms. During adolescence, when the values of an individual are consolidated, sexuality is strongly influenced by the media through the several possibilities of accessing information and dynamisms of social networks. Teaching and learning about sexuality, a process herein called Sexuality Education / SE, is a duty of various segments of society and mainly of educational institutions as they have an intentional and systematic duty of fully forming an individual. Therefore, SE taught in schools should preferably promote the students' autonomy under an emancipatory perspective, so they can fully enjoy their sexuality. With the aim of knowing and analyzing SE pedagogical practices adopted by Science teachers and checking how continuing education interferes in their conceptions and attitudes in Science classes, a quantitative and qualitative research was conducted with a group of teachers from the Educational Board of Votorantim / SP. Acting as continuing education teacher, the researcher sat in the classes and suggested continuing education meetings (Technical Guidelines / TG). In order to answer the research questions, an exploratory study was carried out with a questionnaire for 23 Science teachers to answer. Later, interviews with 7 of these teachers were held in order to obtain data for the research. The data was analyzed based on categories defined by descriptors and having the analysis of the discourse as reference. On the other hand, the same syllabus that limits also legitimates the teachers' proposals regarding their difficulties. Teachers who participated in this research reported in their speeches and practices biological-hygienic and/or moral-traditionalist approaches that are not consistent with an emancipatory approach. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the SE can be extended to other grades and that teachers' continuing education must be stimulated in order to encourage their moral position to be able to face their pedagogical challenges.
Efeito dos íons Ni2+ nas propriedades estruturais, ópticas e morfológicas do tungstato de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-17)
Pereira, Wyllamanney da Silva
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8206011538570093
The tungstates are important compounds and known for their optical properties. In this work, solid solutions with nickel silver tungstate, 𝐴𝑔2−2𝑥𝑁𝑖𝑥𝑊𝑂4, compositions (0, 01 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0, 08) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method of microwave to 140 ° C for 1 h, and to assess the influence of 𝑁𝑖2+ ions in the structural, morphological and photoluminescent of the silver tungstate (𝐴𝑔2𝑊𝑂4). Materials 𝐴𝑔2−2𝑥𝑁𝑖𝑥𝑊𝑂4 (0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.08) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy micro-Raman (MR) and absorption in the Infrared (IR) region. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for image recording surface of these ceramic oxides, while the energy dispersive X-ray technique (EDS) with mapping of chemical elements, was used to qualitatively determine the chemical composition of the samples. The optical properties were studied by electron spectroscopy in the region of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) in which the values of energy band gap (𝐸𝑔𝑎𝑝) were estimated, and by means of photoemission spectroscopy was studied effect of 𝑁𝑖2+ ions in photoluminescence (PL) of silver tungstate. The XRD patterns of the single-phase crystallization of all samples in the orthorhombic structure of the silver tungstate and they have indicated a long range structural order. Small changes in network parameters and atomic coordinates, indicate the existence of distortions on the cluster [𝐴𝑔𝑂𝑛] (𝑛 = 2, 4, 6 and 7) and [𝑊𝑂6] and inserting the 𝑁𝑖 atoms in the crystal lattice 𝛼-𝐴𝑔2𝑊𝑂4. Changes in MR spectra and peak detection regarding 𝑁𝑖 − 𝑂 bond in IR spectra of solid solutions suggest the introduction of 𝑁𝑖 atoms in the 𝐴𝑔2𝑊𝑂4 network.The SEM images showed that the ions 𝑁𝑖2+ were able to modify the morphology of silver tungstate microcrystals, in the studied conditions. The EDS spectra and map images indicated that all materials are composed of the elements 𝐴𝑔, 𝑊 and 𝑂, as expected. They also noted the presence of 𝑁𝑖 element in the composition of solid solutions. The values of 𝐸𝑔𝑎𝑝 estimated by means of UV-vis spectra suggest the existence of intermediate states in the forbidden area, from structural defects. The changes in spectra of PL samples indicated that the 𝑁𝑖 atoms alter the effect of the order-disorder, and the average distance favored over energy emissions associated with shallow defects.
Comportamento em fadiga de hastes femorais para artroplastia de quadril com superfícies modificadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-20)
Oliveira, Bruno José Silva de
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Oliveira, Nilson Tadeu Camarinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5165925219822865
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Nowadays, titanium and its alloys are the materials of choice for the production of implants for hip arthroplasty, a surgery that aims for the improvement of the quality of life of patients that bear articular pathologies of the hip. With the increase of life expectancy, it becomes more and more important that these implants withstand greater times of implantation, avoiding revision surgeries, which represent higher costs and risks. Today, this need is approached by different ways, among them the functionalization of surfaces, that permit better osseointegration of the prosthesis at the site of implantation and, consequently, better results on the application of products in the long term. One of the ways to perform this functionalization is through chemical etching, one of which (H3PO4+NaOH) has been chosen to perform modification of surfaces previously treated by titanium plasma spray (TPS+AQ) on finished femoral prostheses. As a control, another group of prostheses was employed, treated with technology already in the market, coated by titanium plasma spray with posterior deposition of two phases of calcium phosphate with different solubility (TPS+HA). The prostheses were submitted to topographical analyses via SEM, analyses of roughness profiles and increase of effective surface area by confocal microscopy and transversal analyses of coatings via SEM, subsequently treated by image analysis software for determination of attributes of porous coatings according to ASTM F1854. After that, all prostheses were tested to evaluate their fatigue behavior according to ISO 7206-4 and the presence of cracks via penetrant liquid testing. All the specimens survived the fatigue test, refuting the hypothesis that the modification via TPS+AQ reduces the fatigue resistance of femoral stems when compared to a control group, TPS+HA, under a normalized test protocol.
Docência no ensino superior : aprendendo a ser professor de contabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-20)
Ferreira, Marcelo Marchine
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8568761570800104
Inserted in the field of Teaching in Higher Education, this research aimed to understand which conceptions about being a teacher underlie and give meaning to teaching accounting professors in higher education. Of socio-constructivist approach the theoretical axis approached initially, historical and organizational aspects of the profession and accounting education in Brazil, shedding light on elements of context that are actors on "teaching" and "being a university professor." Following treated on training, professional development and teachers working in higher education, inter-weaving relationships with teachers knowledge in Tardif perspective. Also specific issues to understand the teaching and the accounting education articulated at the prospect of Schön on the practical-reflective teaching for the exercise of professions were treated. Methodological research was qualitative guidance as a general strategy. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews applied to 12 teachers of Accounting courses of Unespar - University of Paraná. The content of the interviews sought to cover professional development paths (teaching and non-teaching), the formative processes of teaching and the experiences and experiences in teaching the investigation. Analyses were carried out basing on the Discursive Textual Analysis, a method that is between the content analysis and discourse analysis. As a result, it is possible to consider that accounting professors perceive themselves more as teachers, accountants and have conception that teaching is conducting activity that extends from the professional accounting field. The mental representation that move their teaching actions are anchored in the logic of technical rationality, present largely in the accounting professional practice scope. Your thoughts and your teaching practices are impregnated and conditioned from the instrumental perspective of technical rationality, where "being a teacher" and "teaching" are taken in a breeding prospect of models and forms of reductionist action. The "being a teacher" it is also anchored in self perception they have to be more counter-teachers than teachers-counters. The "be accountant" seems to be more present in their teaching conceptions of what "being a teacher". This is an argument that can be backed up by data from research that showed high concern teachers domain technicalprofessional content. Also, both the activities that are most present in their doings teachers - teaching undergraduate and general administration and university management - as also by that are more missing (which some hold): research and extension.
Estudo das propriedades mecânicas do aço ao boro 50B35 com diferentes tamanhos de grãos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-22)
Santos, Ricardo Jonatas Cerutti
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Boron steel has excellent hardenability due to the addition of small quantities of boron. Boron atoms reduces the nucleation rate of ferrite and bainite [1]. It is known that austenitizing temperature and time and cooling rate are the main factors responsible for hardenability loss on boron steel. The austenitizing temperature relates to the boroncarbide precipitation that happens during the heat treatment. The boroncarbide precipitation is related to the austenitization temperature during heat treatment. The austenitization time defines the grain size condition that during cooling may or not transform into martensite which is decisive to the final properties. This study was conducted to simulate different grain sizes for a given boron steel (50B35), keeping the austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate constant, so that the only variable was the grain size. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the grain size effect on boron steel by keeping or not the hardenability effect and characterize the non-martensitic phases like ferrite and bainite and its consequences on the mechanical properties. It was observed fully martensitic structure for finer grain size (ASTM N.5), loss of hardenability characterized by the presence of bainite, for intermediate grain size (ASTM N.4) and hardenability recovery, by increasing the martensite percentage for bigger grains size (ASTM N.3). To conclude, there is a limit for the boron atom to lead the hardenability effect, from a given grain size the effect of hardenability is driven by the grain size itself, like in a normal carbon steel. There was loss on the ductility when increasing the austenitic grain size. For intermediate grain size both yield and tensile strength were reduced and it can be associated to the presence of bainite. For bigger grain size, both yield and tensile strength were recovered to levels near those observed at that for smaller grain size but without recovering ductility.
Desenvolvimento de procedimento para determinação fotométrica de etanol em bebidas destiladas sem uso de reagentes explorando o efeito Schlieren
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Silva, Diogo Santos
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6436952522509024
The knowledge and applications of Schlieren effect on the flow injection analysis process (FIA) showed that using the variation of refraction index, formed by concentration gradients during sample dispersion in carrier fluid is a practicable method for ethanol determination in distilled drinks. Based on this effect, we developed an analysis module that performs photometric measurements using flow cells of long optical path length. The method here proposed allowed the determination of ethanol without using reagents. Control of the devices, including solenoid valves and solenoid mini-pumps, was carried out by a microcontroller (Arduino Due) coupled to a microcomputer through serial interface. The control and data acquisition software was written using Visual Basic 6.0, C and C ++ languages. The flow analysis module developed for this study achieved an analytical frequency of 110 samples per hour, sample consumption of 400.2 μL and generation of 2.9 mL of effluent per determination.
Produção e caracterização de ligas do sistema Al-Co-Fe- Cr e aplicações como recobrimentos para barreiras térmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Wolf, Witor
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9656544805116765
Since the discovery of the quasicrystalline alloys by D. Schechtamn in 1984, many research has been done in terms of coating application of these materials and their intermetallic approximants due to their physical and transport properties as: high hardness, low friction coefficient, low superficial adhesion energy, high oxidation resistance and low thermal conductivity. The low thermal conductivity combined with the thermal expansion in the same range of the usual metallic materials used as substrates in coatings make these alloys as potential substitutes for the traditional ceramics thermal barrier coatings. The alloy Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 has been studied in terms of thermal barrier applications. This alloy presents interesting properties and characteristics for this application. However, the information about this alloy on the literature is scarce and contradictory. In this sense, in the present work, the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 alloy was selected for coating fabrication aiming to obtain a consistent structural characterization of this alloy. Results show that the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 alloy is not a quasicrystalline forming composition. It is actually composed by two intermetallic phases, one hexagonal and the other monoclic, Al5Co2 and Al13Co4 respectively, which are approximant phases of the decagonal QC with the interesting physical and transport properties presented by the quasicrystalline phase. The coatings were also studied in terms of the interdifusion phenomena between the coating and a steel substrate at high temperatures. Alloys around the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 compositional range were also fabricated in order to evaluate the phase formation on the aluminum rich region of the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system. Several intermetallic phases were observed, most of them quaternary extensions of Al-Co intermetallic phases. A quasicrystalline phase was also observed in one of the studied compositions.
Atividade orientadora de ensino de geometrias na perspectiva lógico-histórica : unidade entre ensino e aprendizagem na formação inicial de professores de matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Santos, Talita Secorun dos
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9052886361360320
The manner Teaching Activities (TAs) of different types of Geometry may be presented as a unity between teaching and learning, or rather, as Teaching Guiding Activity (TGA) in the initial formation of teachers, is discussed. It has thus been presumed that the logical and historical perspective may become a didactic factor in teachers´ initial formation when TAs are developed as from the subject-group-class-narrative dynamics. Current qualitative research was developed based on the following questions: Did teaching activities developed in the disciplines ‘Geometry’ and ‘Euclidian Geometry and Topic for Non-Euclidian Geometries’ generate aims and motives to teach and learn to teach Geometries? Did the activities experienced by the subject-group-class dynamics and posting of narratives become a TGA? Which are the productions of meanings, aims and motives explicit in the narratives prepared by undergraduates of the Math course during their experience in TAs of Geometries within the logical and historical perspective as from the subject-group-class dynamics? Data were retrieved from questionnaires, TAs, field diaries and narratives posted on the Internet. The empirical material was analyzed by four descriptive and analytic categories emerging from three-fold data, namely, From the isolated to the collective; The New; From Learning to Learning to Teach; Contradictions. Results show that Geometry TAs within the logical-historical perspective as from the subject-group-class-narrative dynamics trigger information related to the appropriation of theoretical knowledge, teaching of theoretical knowledge, organization of teaching, pedagogical activities and research in most people involved in the teaching-learning process.