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Mobilidade cicloviária em viagens a campi universitários - estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-29)
Grau, Roberta Iza
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2259622376755629
Nowadays, universitary campi are suffering from negative reflexes brought by the high motor vehicles’s rate. This rate have been troubling users’ daily commutings and could be lessened if active modes of transportation, walking and cycling, were adopted. The aim of this research was the comprehension of behaviour change capacity of an academic comunity to adopt the bicycle as a mode of transportation for commuting to São Carlos’ Federal University, São Carlos, Brasil. In this work, a survey was conducted, via internet and one-on-one interviewing, with 473 participants. The survey was adapted from Smith et al. (2004) and based on Prochaska and DiClemente (1982, 1983) Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change, MTMC. The participants were professors, technical-administrative employees, graduate and post-graduate students. The sample’s profile was of a graduate and post-graduate student, aging 18 to 35 years-old, residing up to 5 km away from the campus and using motor vehicles to commute. MTMC’s results showed the bicycle’s major motivator and barrier to be the schedule freedom and the lack of cycling infrastructure, respectively.
Escrita no espaço digital : criação e atribuição de autoria em fanfictions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Camargo, Ana Rosa Leme
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Abreu, Ana Silvia Couto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461517670259813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1029796009260218
Notre principal objectif est de comprendre les productions de fanfictions qui circulent sur la toile. Nous prétendons, en particulier, comprendre les motifs qui viennent s'établir sur le statut d'auteur, ayant en vue la manière d'écriture utilisée par les ficwriters et les processus de légitimation auxquels ils sont soumis. Nous avons pris comme corpus les sites Fanfiction.net et Nyah Fanfiction, ayant comme base théorico-métodologique l'Analyse du Discours français. Comme résultats, nous avons mis en évidence, d‟ábord, que le ficwriter peu ou non être considéré un auteur, cela dépendant de sa communauté de lecteurs, espace impair de légitimation ; en suite, nous avons fait ressortir le paradoxe du processus d'écriture marqué par des reformulations, des remix, mais fortement régulé dans l'écriture en ce qui concerne l'ordre de la technique, de l'outil, de la norme linguistique.
Análise da formação do profissional de administração a partir de dissertações e teses produzidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Gomes, Daniel Fernando Matheus
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6702379479365556
The research deals with the formation of the Management professional, through the analysis of thesis and dissertations produced in graduate programs in Education. Is constituted as bibliographic research, having been developed in three stages: collection of bibliographic material; analysis of selected studies; integrating synthesis of the results. Defend that the role of Business Administration courses is to provide a critical view of reality, which means, in this case, does not offer a limited training to the demands of the labor market. To that end, structured work around the following research question: "what studies of the course of Directors produced under the Graduate Program in Education between the years 2004-2013 show on vocational training at the undergraduate level administrator?" Such a question has served as reference for the preparation of the overall objective: to analyze dissertations and thesis produced in Education on administrator training in order to provide information to think again that training in the Brazilian higher education. The overall objective was deployed in the following specific: raise Administration course trajectory in Brazil; analyze dissertations and theses on the design of them contemplated curriculum; analyze dissertations and theses about the Administration 's views on them defended and criticized ; analyze dissertations and theses about the labor market of ideas and the world of work present in them . The research corpus was composed of twenty- five papers coming from the graduate in Education in Brazil from 2004 to 2013. The programs theoretical framework is guided primarily in the Gimeno Sacristán's ideas on the process view of the curriculum; the critical analysis of management concepts found throughout its history; and the concepts of training for the labor market and the world of work. The main results presented in dissertations and theses analyzed in this research indicate that regarding the curriculum, the meeting addressed partial aspects, considering the design of Gimeno Sacristán, and the majority had as focus of analysis the curricular text, represented by the Project pedagogical Course , and few have analyzed the curriculum lived, or at work; on the design of Directors present in the works, almost all of them found lined courses in the capital 's perspective, involving a type of training geared to the labor market, although the authors of dissertations and thesis have advocated other that considers the interests of whole of society and be guided by the critical insertion of graduates into the labor market, consistent with the view taken in this research.
Obtenção de nanocristais de celulose a partir do resíduo da produção de etanol do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar pela rota enzimática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Camargo, Lais Angelice de
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6529712290982189
This study addressed the use of solid residues from the process of cellulosic ethanol production using the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Bagasse submitted to two types of pretreatments (steam explosion - SESB and hydrothermal - HSB) was hydrolyzed with two different enzymatic loads using a commercial enzymatic extract. The solid residues generated after the hydrolysis were purified with NaOH 5% (w/w) at 55 °C and H2O2 35% (v/v) followed by an acid hydrolysis at 45 °C with H2SO4 60% (w/w) and extraction of 30 min in order to obtain the CNCs. The samples of SESB and HSB presented cellulose contents of 61 and 54%, respectively. The conversion in the enzymatic hydrolysis step ranged from 25 to 55% for SESB and 33 to 59% for HSB, along with the increase of enzymatic loading. And besides the release of glucose into the liquid phase, it was also generated solid residues with significant quantity of cellulose to be used for CNCs production. Due to decreasing of the cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI%) of the residual solid, a purification procedure was necessary, which raised the CI by about 30% for SESB residues and approximately 25% for HSB residues. The resulting CNCs presented proper physical and chemical characteristics, such as degradation temperature exceeding 230°C and crystallinity around 79% for both matrices. The CNCs obtained feature of needle with length between 193 and 246 nm and diameter of between 17 and 30 nm. These results indicate that CNCs produced from the residual streams of enzymatic route of cellulosic ethanol production from the sugarcane bagasse have the characteristics suitable for this type of product. Therefore, the use of these solids residues for new materials production, such as NCCs for use in different applications proved to be potentially promising for adding value to the bioenergy sector.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos eletroanalíticos para a determinação simultânea de analgésicos em formulações farmacêuticas e fluidos biológicos empregando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Santos, Anderson Martin dos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0116064177497070
In this master dissertation, electroanalytical procedures for the simultaneous determination of analgesics paracetamol (PAR) and codeine (COD) and, PAR and tramadol (TRA) in pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) were developed. In the first procedure, the square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed for the simultaneous determination of PAR and COD, using as supporting electrolyte 0.2 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.0), and the analytical curves were linear in the concentration range from 0.2 to 95.8 μmol L−1 for PAR and from 0.2 to 95.8 μmol L−1 for COD, with detection limits (LODs) of 0.018 μmol L−1 and 0.014 μmol L−1, respectively. The second procedure developed for the simultaneous determination of PAR and COD was based on a flow injection analysis with multiple pulses amperometric detection (FIA-MPA), using as transport solution a 0.05 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution. The potential pulse application sequence in function of time was 950 mV / 200 ms (potential where only the PAR oxidation occurs) and 1400 mV / 100 ms (potential where both analytes suffers oxidation (PAR and COD)). The obtained analytical curves show linearity from 0.08 to 100.0 μmol L−1 for PAR and 0.05 to 10.0 μmol L−1 for COD, with LODs of 0.030 e 0.035 μmol L−1 for PAR and COD, respectively. The analytical frequency was estimated as being 90 determinations h−1. After, an electroanalytical procedure using FIA–MPA it was developed a simultaneous determination of PAR and TRA. The potential pulse application sequence in function of time was 850 mV / 200 ms (potential where only occurs the PAR oxidation) and 1600 mV / 100 ms (potential where both analytes suffers oxidation). The obtained analytical curves show linearities between 1.0 to 100.0 μmol L−1 and 0.08 to 10.0 μmol L−1 for PAR and TRA, respectively, and the LOD was 0.030 μmol L−1 for PAR and 0.040 μmol L−1 for TRA. Finally, all developed procedures were employed for the simultaneous determination of these compounds (PAR + COD e PAR + TRA) in pharmaceutical samples, where the obtained results agree with those results obtained using a comparative method (HPLC – High-performance liquid chromatography). These compounds were simultaneously analyzed in synthetic biological fluids (urine and human serum) by addiction and recuperation method, where the recuperations obtained ranged from 90.8 to 108%.
Influência da manipulação de fatores extrínsecos no controle da postura sentada em crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Costa, Carolina Souza Neves da
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Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279365864279654
The general objective is to investigate the manipulation of extrinsic factors on sitting postural control in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). For better understanding we divided this thesis in 4 studies. Study 1 aims to systematically review studies evaluating sitting postural control in children with CP. We intend to describe the characteristics of sitting postural control, the methodological procedures used for analysis, and factors that influence it, and the main results of intervention protocols for sitting postural control in children with CP. In context of extrinsic factors studied, little is known about how children with CP use and integrate sensory information into motor activity in order to maintain postural orientation and stability. This gap in the literature guides the study 2. For that, in the Study 2, we investigate and compare sitting postural control under challenging visual and somatosensory inputs between typical children and children with CP with a Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-IV. For that, 35 typical children and 36 children with spastic CP with GMFCS levels I (10), II (8), III (10) e IV (8) were recruited. Eletrocmyoghapy electrodes were placed billaterally properly on thoracal extensors, lumbar extensors and rectus abdominais. The children were asked to sit without back and foot support on a force plate (100Hz) placed on a bench. Participants’ hands are on their laps, and they fixated on a target located 1-m in front of them at eye level. To challenge somatosensory inputs, children sat on 30Kg/m3 (50x50cm) foam that was placed atop the force plate. Four randomized quiet sitting conditions namely eyes opened (EA), eyes closed (EF), foam surface and eyes opened (IA) and foam surface and eyes closed (IF). Each condition was maintained for 20 seconds for three times. There was a rest period of 30-50 seconds between each trial. The measures from force plate chosen were range displacement or amplitude for anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, AP and ML velocity and area of Center of Pressure (CoP). EMG variables were muscles activitiy (root-mean square - RMS) and muscle symmetry. When exposed to changes on somatosensory information added to eyes closed, children with CP GMFCS level III and IV present increased extensor muscles activity and musces asymmetry, reflecting their inability to reweight sensory information and increased dependence on somatosensory information for maintaining sitting balance when compared to typical children. In the Study 3, we investigate the immediate effects of wearing the suit on sitting posture in different sensory conditions in children with CP, comparing to typical children. For that, we used the same experimental protocol from study 2 and each condition was done with and without wearing an orthotic suit Pediasuit with bungee set up, individualized for each child. Nonlinear measures of CoP variability were added and analyzed by AP and ML approximate entropy (ApEn) and AP and ML Correlation Dimensional (CoD). Suit affects the control of sitting posture in children with CP with different GMFCS levels, decreasing amount of variability, but improves complexity and dimensionaty of degrees-of-freedom, especially in conditions demanding sensory adaptability. The objective of Study 4 was to compare the effect of biomechanical constraints (trunk support) on neural control of head stability during development of trunk control. We used an adjustable external support to isolate and differentiate the effects of biomechanical constraint on specific regions of the trunk. The posterior support was raised or lowered to allow evaluation of four different trunk segments: axillae support, mid-thoracic, waist support and hip support. Data from a previous cross-sectional study and longitudinal study of Saavedra et al. (2015) were used. However, we apply nonlinear measures (complexity –ApEN; dimesionality or CoD; predictability –LyE) specifically to head stability. The effect of external support varies depending on the child’s level of control and diagnostic status. Children with GMFCS V and young TD infants had better outcomes with external support, but external support was not enough to completely correct for influence of CP. Surprisingly, GMFCS IV responded with better outcomes below the level where trunk control was lost, suggesting that they used different compensatory strategies.
Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos de calibração e resolução multivariada de curvas em espectroscopia Raman para Análise qualitativa e quantitativa de polimorfismo em carbamazepina, clopidogrel e ezetimiba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Farias, Marco Antonio dos Santos
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2589951282251863
In this work were used chemometric tools like PLS, iPLS to perform multivariate calibration of ternary and binary mixtures of polymorphs of carbamazepine, ezetimibe and Clopidogrel. Initially were synthesized two polymorphs of carbamazepine and two polymorphs of clopidogrel from its respective commercial polymorphs, totaling three polymorphs for each of these drugs. For carbamazepine were synthesized the dihydrate polymorphs (CBZ DH) and polymorph I (CBZ I) from the Polymorph III (CBZ III), which were characterized by DSC and XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Inittialy an iPLS model was built with the polymorphs. The samples were prepared according to a ternary mixture, totaling 10 samples for a set of calibration and a further 5 to a set of validation. At each sample was collected 10 Raman spectra at different points, subsequently an arithmetic average of the 10 spectra was calculated, resulting in an average spectrum with which is built the model calibration and validation presenting prediction error: (CBZ I) 6 2 mg; (CBZ III) 6.8 mg; (CBZ DH) 11.6 mg. In a second step the same procedure was conducted, but samples (300 mg) were in the presence of its excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide). The samples were prepared by adding (250 mg), carbamazepine (50 mg), prediction errors were: (CBZ I) 4.8 mg; (CBZ III) 3.0 mg; (CBZ DH) 0.7 mg. For bisulfate Clopidogrel were synthesized polymorphs II (CBS II) and amorphous (amorphous CBS) from polymorph I (CBS I, commercial), the iPLS calibration model was constructed as done for carbamazepine, however were used mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy and the samples were not prepared in the presence of its excipients. Prediction errors for the model with Raman spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 3.2 mg; (CBS II) 5.0 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.1 mg and mid-infrared spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 4.8 mg; (CBS II) 7.4 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.9 mg. For ezetimibe was synthesized the hydrate (EZT-H) from the commercial polymorph (EZT-An) and held a binary mixture of the two polymorphs, with the concentration of each polymorphs ranging 10% by weight in each sample, since in the presence of its excipients. Each sample weight 100 mg, with 10 mg of ezetimibe and 90 mg of excipients (croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, povidone and sodium lauryl sulphate), the same method was applied for the preparation of the samples validation set. The calibration model was built by iPLS with the following prediction errors: (EZT-An) 0.7 mg; (EZT-H) 0.6 mg. A new sample was prepared only with EZT-An and the excipients which was vacuum packed in a polyethylene container, carried out a monitoring for 24 hours where it was seen that in this period the hydration of Ezetmiba was already 72% due to the moisture of the excipients.
Avaliação da atividade fotocatalítica do óxido de cobre imobilizado em suporte magnético nanoestruturado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Santos, Lílian Cruz
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8780294623715549
Contamination by dyes is one of the main problems related to water and environment pollution. In recent years, the search for new alternatives for the appropriate treatment of organic wastewater compounds has intensified. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles II (CuO), as well as obtaining nanostructured magnetic and porous media for the immobilization thereof. The CuO is a p-type semiconductor that acts as a sink photogenerated electrons. In this work, the CuO has been obtained by coprecipitation,hydro and solvothermal methods, with particles sizes of approximately 15 nm, 1 μm and 1 μm respectively. The materials' photocatalytic activity have been evaluated under excitation in the visible and ultraviolet regions. In all the cases, CuO proved to be efficient for the Rhodamine B color removal in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under visible light for 1 hour; reaching over 90% of color removal effectiveness. The main factor that makes impracticable the use of photocatalysts for water treatment on a large scale is the difficulty on recovering the active material. Thus, in this study, a magnetic scaffold composed of magnetite:hydroxyapatite has been developed. Magnetite provided magnetic activity to the medium, while the hydroxyapatite was used to provide sufficient porosity to the material in order to immobilize the CuO nanoparticles. In addition, the magnetite was protected of the oxidation process and consequent magnetic activity loss. The magnetite and hydroxyapatite have been obtained by chemical coprecipitation, presenting average particles sizes of 50 and 15 nm, respectively. The magnetite:hydroxyapatite magnetic scaffold presented the desired homogeneous chemical composition, indicating a successful synthesis. The magnetic photocatalyst has been obtained by CuO impregnation on the magnetic scaffold using an ultrasonic probe-type. The photocatalyst immobilized on magnetic scaffold proved to be efficient on the color removal of Rhodamine B dye, reaching the same efficacy than pure CuO. The immobilized photocatalyst remained efficient on color removal when re-used.
Perfil da Produção Brasileira sobre História da Química em Periódicos e Congressos: subsídios para a formação docente e sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Castro, Flávia Pierrotti de
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Marques, Rosebelly Nunes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143571675274459
The History and Philosophy of Science (HFS) is recognized by many authors as contextualization instrument of scientific knowledge in Science Education, as well as teacher training. The HFC can provide the teacher, subsidies to better understand the conceptual difficulties of students, enabling a better understanding of the role of science in the development of societies. The practice teacher based on the epistemological reflections creates a better educational performance, more approaching the images of science developed in the classroom with the true nature of science, making the act of teaching a constant research process. Considering this importance, this research has the main objective to define the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production on the History of Chemistry and Science through systematic review methodology (SR), to contribute to the initial and continuing teacher training. The SR consists of rigorous and systematic overview of all research related to the specific issue through the development of structured protocol with their descriptors, inclusion and exclusion criteria and the analysis of the recovered texts. For this research, we used twelve (12) descriptors in Google Scholar database, with the inclusion criteria, texts published between 1993-2013, in Portuguese (Brazil), to bring relevant discussions relating the concepts with HFS chemicals for the formation/maturation of the knowledge of teachers, so that they can improve their teaching practice, as well as texts that present didactic sequences that contextualize the chemical knowledge to the History of Chemistry and/or Science. From crossing the descriptors, it was generated a universe of 1599 texts with 92 selected for the selective reading. In analysis of the recovered texts, 63 publications are related to the epistemological discussions, with the largest production (68,3%) in the 2006-2013 period, in Química Nova and Química Nova na Escola (41,2%), most approach has the Chemical Elements content (17,46%) and historical period being further discussion the twentieth century (23,8%). For texts related to the methodological proposal, 29 publications were analyzed, with the largest production (75,9%) in the period 2011-2013, in the proceedings of conferences (62%) highlighted the XVI Encontro Nacional de Química (24,1%), the higher was the content of approach weight Laws (17.2%) and historical period being further discussion the eighteenth century (27,6%) correlating directly with the chemical content with a higher approach. The survey sought to outline the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production over the last twenty years, present in journals and conferences because studies recovered relating to HFS with chemical concepts can be extremely relevant to the formation/maturation of teachers, so that they they can improve their teaching practice and incorporate this knowledge in their teaching sequences.
Revestimento nanoestruturado de cera de carnaúba na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de tomates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Miranda, Marcela
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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Ferreira, Marcos David
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274
Tomato is one of the most popular and consumed vegetable. However it is highly perishable because of its high water content. Post-harvest technologies of fruits and vegetables try to increase the shelf life of fruits, to keep quality and to reduce quantitative and qualitative losses between harvest and consumption. One of these technologies is based on the use of coatings on fruits and vegetables, because they are effective in reducing water loss and maintaining the quality of fresh products. This study aimed to synthesize and compare conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion of carnauba wax, as well as to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of these coatings on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage. Therefore, emulsions with different particle sizes were synthesized and characterized by particle size measurements (hydrodynamic diameter); zeta potential (colloidal stability); polydispersity index; scanning electron microscopy images; contact angle and stability in different environments. In sequence, the emulsions were applied on 'Débora' and 'Pizzadoro' cultivar tomatoes to evaluate the effect of these coatings on the physical and chemical quality and the internal atmosphere of the fruits. For that purpose, the following experiments were performed: (I) 'Débora' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 16 days. Assessments of physical chemical and gases analyses (ethylene, CO2 and O2) were carried out. (II) 'Pizzadoro' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations of 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 13 days and the same quality analyses were carried out. (III) Sensory analysis in 'Deborah' cv tomatoes coated with conventional emulsion and carnauba wax nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 ° C ± 1 (80% RH) for 10 days, were evaluated for the visual appearance, purchase intent and ordering by preference. Nanoemulsions showed smaller particle size and polydispersivity compared to conventional emulsion. In post-harvest tests, fruits coated with emulsions showed lower weight loss rate than control fruits. 'Pizzadoro' cv tomatoes coated with both emulsions appeared to be clearer and less red at the end of storage than the control sample. Nanoemulsion carnauba wax did not change the barrier property of the coating responsible for controlling water permeation, and presented performance similar to conventional emulsion. The nanoemulsion showed more acceptance, purchase intent and preference by tasters in the sensory test, probably due to the high brightness attained by this coating.
Solidificação rápida e conformação por spray de ligas ferrosas amorfizáveis a partir de ferros fundidos com adição de boro e nióbio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Lucena, Felipe Amélio de
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0474221317198742
The amorphizable ferrous alloys and/or nanocrystalline ones have high hardness properties and wear resistance which are important technologically. Rapid solidification process with cooling rate between 102 - 106 K/s leads to high hardness properties and wear resistance. The objective of this work is the study and the characterization of microstructure and hardness of white cast iron and nodular gray by rapid solidification, exploring techniques that impose different cooling rates, with different additions of Boron and addition or not of Niobium. The alloys were processed by Discovery® Plasma and melt-spinning, namely: (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)100-xBx (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 and (Fe75Nb6C10Si4)100-xBx (at%). The characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). The (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 (at%) alloy was selected to spray forming and laser cladding processes obtaining deposit and overspray powders into different particle size from 20 μm and more than 180 μm. The alloys were copper mold cast resulting in plate samples with thickness of 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The cast iron plate microhardness, without Boron and Niobium, showed around 650 HV and about 1400 HV after the addition of 12 at% of Boron. The (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 (at%) alloy has nanocrystalline microstructure after spray forming in the deposit and overspray powders and Vickers microhardness value of about 1040 HV in the deposit. For these alloys it was required high cooling rates of about 106 K/s to obtain amorphous phase by melt-spinning process. The laser cladding process used overspray powders to produce coatings with microhardness up to around 1300 HV. It was possible using power 200 W, in slower scanning travel speeds (6.7 or 10.0 mm/s). The laser cladding process presented good perspectives of application in order to produce wear abrasion and corrosion resistant coatings.
Soldagem pontual por fricção (FSpW) de poliamida 6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-03)
Gonçalves, Joel
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Amancio-Filho, Sergio de Traglia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609614295379921
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Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123
Friction Spot Welding (FSpW) is an innovative technique developed and patented in 2005 by the Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) research center in Germany. FSpW uses the friction between a rotating tool and the workpieces to generate heat enough to cause diffusion across the interface to consolidate the weld. This new welding technology has been tested and optimized with the objective of produce overlap weld joints between two polyamide 6 plates. Full factorial design of experiments (24) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed to explain the effects of weld parameters as rotational speed (RS), welding time (WT), plunge depth (PP), holding pressure time (HPT) and the interactions between these main parameters on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical strength of the joints. The rotational speed (RS) and welding time (WT), within the limits studied, had greater influence on the mechanical single lap shear strength of the joints that achieved up to 26 MPa. This behavior was related to the higher heat generation during the weld, reaching temperatures of up to 275°C, thereby increasing the welded area. The parameter holding pressure time (HPT), designed in this study allowed the cooling and solidification of the polymer under pressure, improving the weld surface finishing and avoiding defects as voids in the weld area. The most common failure for the joints with higher mechanical strength was the fracture of one of the plates while the joints with lower mechanical strength showed interface shear failure. The degree of crystallinity of PA6 in the welded area did not show a significant difference as compared to the base material. The molecular weight of PA6 in the welded area was reduced in the worst case 7% as compared to the base material (Mv = 41.800 g/mol), and that reduction occurred linearly with the increase of the temperature during the welding; however, that low degree of degradation was not found to affect the mechanical strength of the joints. These characteristics emphasize the potential of this FSpW as an alternative to the current welding methods for polyamide 6.
Problematizações a partir de situações emergentes do cotidiano : compreensões e possibilidades envolvendo relações quantitativas, medidas, formas e orientações espaço temporais em turmas de crianças de quatro anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Cavalcante, Naila Fernanda Matielo
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8615204233233125
This work aims to analyze four-year-old children’s speech in problematizations that were proposed by a teacher based in emerging situations present in the daily life of early childhood education. Here, the speeches that indicate the mathematical notions are prioritized. The questions that guided this research are listed as follows: Firstly, what mathematical notions can be displayed by four-year old-children in emerging situations that are part of the daily life of early childhood education? How can these emerging situations experienced during early childhood education enhance teacher’s work in terms of planning problematizations for fouryear- old children? The methodology is based on a qualitative perspective, specifically on research that the teacher herself does as a researcher. The data analysis is based on an interpretive vison of the children's manifestations expressed in a game context. In the analysis, the children's dialogues are contemplated as the problematizations are performed, and they are transcribed from video records. The research shows that the speeches, sensations, and children's questions in their daily routine at Municipal Center of Childhood Education reveals that when mathematical notions are considered by the teacher when planning problematizations that have the composition of a game, they can provide the presentation and the construction of mathematical language. These speeches and questions brought by children are related to emerging everyday situations, and are understood as to trigger learning situations. This perspective considers playing as the child's main activity and recognizes it as an active and historical subject who is immersed in a world full of mathematical notions since its birth. The problematization’s starting point, emerged from everyday situations, has proven to be a methodology that allows children to solve problem situations and to give them a breeding ground for developing mathematical notions in childhood education, respecting the needs and reasons for their learning. The children's speeches are permeated of problematizations about quantitative relations, measurements, shapes, and temporal space guidelines. Thus, when problematizing emerging everyday situations, the teacher considers latent apprenticeships, giving movement to the curriculum.
Fã-ativismo na telenovela em família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Arab, Analú Bernasconi
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0904805718133708
If fan-activism actions have already been related to fan engagement in order to achieve a result in relation to their favorite media content, nowadays they are emerging from real-world concernings through consumption bias to be more active in terms of civil rights and political participation. In Clarina fandom it was possible to notice these two perspectives in a fusion, in which fans mobilized so that Clara and Marina´s romance was not discarded from the soap opera Em família by the channel network Rede Globo. Simultaneously, fans wanted the romance could be expressed throughout affection displaying and intimacy just as naturally and highlighted as a heterosexual couple on a soup opera. The fan activists of Clarina fandom appropriately demanded from Rede Globo their right to take part in their culture in a way that has never been seen before in Brazilian soap opera production. The achievement of the kiss and Clara and Marina´s marriage represented their victory against prejudice and the legitimation of their civil rights considering what they have called "Brazilian family". If the fan-activism of Clarina fandom was so expressive, it is because Brazilian soap operas still have significant cultural representativeness and its increasing power to approach polemic themes from daily social issues can transform soap operas into discussion areas about civil, religious, political and moral conflicts in the current convergence culture. However, in order to evaluate the performance of a contemporary soap opera, it is necessary to take into account not only its audience in the broadcast format, but also in the multiple media platforms and the power of engagement that it promotes.
Liberdade e restrição : jogos de computador e linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Krasnoschecoff, Andrêi
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6898767172538319
Electronic games currently move a lot of money in the entertainment industry, but are also used in other activities, such as educational and advertising, becoming a cultural item important to note. When researching more about it, it was perceived lack of language studies, especially studies that join linguistic theory with theories that deal with games. The aim of this study is to find a way to unite the two theories. We try to answer the following research questions: Which is the relationship between games and culture? In what sense games can be understood as texts? How games convey meanings? There is freedom within the game? Current research seeks to understand a process in which there is construction of meanings, so it fits in bakhtinian discussions on the production of humanities. It also deals with functioning forms of present both in games and in the language, moving towards a common origin. Both in games and in everyday life we see relations between restriction and freedom, relations that the individual is on the unpredictability of life. The main pillars of theoretical basis for the current research is in the area related to games, Huizinga texts (2008), and Frasca (2007) and Engenfeldt-Nielsen et al. (2009); as linguistic basis we use the concepts of Bakhtin (2003, 2009) of utterance, speech gender and ideological sign.
Efeitos de localização de portadores em poços quânticos de GaBiAs/GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Carvalho, Anne Rose Hermanson
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4131985623758279
In order to investigate optical and spin properties of GaBiAs / GaAs quantum wells, we performed both photoluminescence and magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements in three samples: 10 nm quantum wells with Bi concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. The photoluminescence study was conducted as a function of Bi concentration, temperature and excitation power. The results indicate that the effects associated with carrier localization by defects are expressive, especially for the 3% sample. The defects are incorporated into the solid due to growth conditions at low temperatures (315 °C), necessary to enable Bi incorporation into the GaAs matrix.They are also due to the different properties between the atoms, such as electronegativity and size. The magneto-luminescence results exibited high spin- splitting (8.4 meV to 15 T) and high excitonic g factor (9.6) for the 3% sample. It also showed a small diamagnetic shift (approximately 3 meV) for the three samples and moreover, it decreases with increasing Bi content. This suggests higher carrier localization by defects, confirming previous results. Overall, the results show that such materials are interesting and good candidates for spintronic applications.
Expansão por umidade de revestimentos cerâmicos : métodos de medida e variáveis envolvidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Nastri, Suelen
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Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469106561041487
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Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
The expansion by humidity (EPU) is characterized by the increase in the size of the ceramic body when in contact with water in liquid or vapor. The phenomenon can contribute to the development of severe pathologies in ceramic coatings such as glaze and cracking of detachment after installation of facades. The EPU has been studied since the early twentieth century, and the studies led to the creation of today's existing commonalities. However, there are still many divergences about the measurement procedures both as regards the measurement of expansion, as the accelerated hydration method used to predict the expansion ceramic materials may suffer over time. In this sense, through this research project, intended to contribute to the improvement of moisture expansion of evaluation methods in ceramic tiles, as well as identifying the main variables responsible for the EPU in ceramic tiles currently produced in the country. To carry out the project, samples were collected from different commercial ceramics, preferably used for the coating of external facades. The EPUs these samples were characterized by different procedures in the laboratory, to planned changes in the methods of hydration of the samples as well as methods of quantifying the expansions undergone. Simultaneously, the selected products were characterized microstructurally to identify the factors that determine susceptibility to moisture expansion. Both hydration and the method for measuring the dimensional change affect EPU values obtained, the latter was more predominant. The study of the reburn temperatures showed that it is not necessary to use temperatures higher than 350 ° C. Hydration time of the study shows a continuous increase in moisture expansion values. Microstructural analysis helps in understanding the EPU phenomenon.
Efeitos das condições de queima e densidade aparente sobre a sobrequeima em porcelanatos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Contartesi, Flavia
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Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469106561041487
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Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
The phenomenon of overfiring manifests in porcelain tiles and other products with high degree of vitrification, as a consequence of the expansion of gases trapped in closed pores, in the final stages of sintering. When it is not properly controlled, it generates swelling of the pieces and then they present dimensional problems, damages in the mechanical properties and low stain resistance in polished products. Porcelain tiles are products with strict requirements, water absorption ≤0.5% for glazed and ≤0.1% for technical ones, moreover the ceramics industries, nowadays, use firing cycles increasingly faster, which allows significant productivity increases and costs reductions. Associate both avoiding the phenomenon of overfiring is not an easy task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the green bulk density and the firing curve (heating rate and soaking time at the maximum temperature) on the characteristics of the final product and on the development of this phenomenon. To achieve the objectives, a factorial design of experiments (DOE) was used. The differences between the firing temperatures necessary to produce 0.5% of water absorption and to achieve the maximum bulk density were considered to determine the firing range before overfiring the porcelain tiles. The results indicate that the firing range is strongly influenced by the time the samples were kept at the maximum temperature of the firing cycle. At the same time, they also indicate the importance of the bulk density of the green bodies as a way to reduce the closed porosity of the fired bodies and consequently to prevent the production of overfired porcelain tiles.
Dinâmica da participação em órgãos colegiados : estudo de casos do IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Moraes, Elivan Afonso
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7963991850082904
This research whose the development was made through a case study it aims to analysis and subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of collegiate bodies of IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado from the point of view of participation and participatory processes. Among the effectiveness existing concepts, it was adopted in this work which deals with the ability of institutions must produce results. This study model has been widely used in participatory institutions at the federal, state and municipal levels, in different public policy sectors, such as environment, health, social assistence, among others. He proposed the same discussion but adapted to collegiate bodies of an educational institution and it was possible to verify whether these channels actually meet the objectives for which they were created. These organisms are made in areas where debate various topics affecting the daily life of the academic community, so these are highly relevant participatory mechanisms. The followed study described by Vaz (2011), identifying the specific factors that influence and / or cause some extent the variation in results and consequently affect the ability of the organs to influence the actions and decision making. In this sense, three variables were used in the search: deliberative effectiveness, institutional design and exogenous factors. The results point to the existence of failures in all organs, to a greater or lesser extent. At the end some recommendations are shown to Campus Machado managers for correction purposes of the deficiencies.
Desenvolvimento curricular de Matemática nos anos iniciais na perspectiva do professor e do coordenador: um estudo do projeto EMAI de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-06)
Silva, Emerson de Souza
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Gama, Renata Prenstteter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320361418230249
The general objective of this research paper is to have an understanding of the process of curricular development in the Initial Years of Basic Education from the perspective of teachers and teacher coordinator. This general objective breaks itself up into two specific ones: 1. to describe the perceptions of teachers about the project “Mathematical Education in the Initial Years (EMAI)”; 2. to point out the main aspects involved in curricular development for these teachers and teacher coordinator of the Initial Years within the scope of teacher formation. To this aim a qualitative research was done, of the interpretative type, in a State Public School in the city of Franca (SP) and three instruments were employed for data compiling: open and closed question type questionnaires for teachers; interview with three pre-selected teachers and a teacher coordinator of the school besides videos furnished by the school and the Regional Educational Bureau of the São Paulo State Educational Secretary. Results indicate that teachers realize positive aspects of the EMAI Project, such as well-built learning sequences containing diversified activities, teaching work guidance, enhancement of student thought and creativity, and spiral teaching and learning. On the other hand they point out some limitations of pedagogical practice in relation to the need for concept systematizing, insufficient time for activities, and the need for more problem-solving situations within the learning sequences. In relation to the curricular development in the school we were able to demonstrate that the formation done with the teachers has been directed to the implementation of the prescribed and presented curriculum, although we have gathered indications, voiced by teachers and the coordinator, of the need to enhance the formation under the perspective of collaborative teams that could give greater autonomy to the teacher providing him with a differentiated look, mainly on the real curriculum, as observed in classroom practice, in search for a comprehension of mathematical contents and forms of teaching and learning.