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Fluoroquinolonas em amostras aquosas ambientais e em teleósteos : quantificação, avaliação de toxicidade e ensaios de biotransformação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Denadai, Marina; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; Cass, Quezia Bezerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569936991507059
The presence of drugs in the environment is an important issue in environmental risk assessment. The fluoroquinolones represent a class of compounds widely used in human and veterinary medicine, and its apport in the environment is continuous and lacking of monitoring. In this scope, it is important to evaluate the levels of these compounds in the environment and their toxicological impact on aquatic organisms. The present study discuss the development and validation of analytical methods for direct injection of samples using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for multiresidual determination of fluoroquinolones in effluents of São Carlos – SP, and toxicity tests of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on fish. For monitoring of effluent samples, six fluoroquinolones were evaluated: CIP, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin (NOR). In effluent samples from wastewater treatment plant, CIP and NOR were quantified at concentrations of 195 ng L-1 and 270 ng L-1, respectively. Toxicity studies of CIP in species of O. niloticus exposed to different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 μg L-1) for periods of 7 and 14 days were evaluated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. The biochemical assays demonstrated that fishes were not able to perform the detoxification, which was evidenced by the severe damage in their cells, especially on the gills and liver of the fishes. In vitro studies were carried out in species of O. mykiss, evaluating the biotransformation and bioaccumulative potential of some drugs commonly used in fish farms, including fluoroquinolones. The results using this in vitro model corroborate to the understanding of similarities and differences among different species of fish, as well as the assessment of environmental impact due to these compounds present in the environment.
Investigação do papel dos DNAs repetitivos na evolução cromossômica de espécies de Apareiodon (Characiformes, Parodontidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Traldi, Josiane Baccarin; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7195727455140933
Parodontidae comprises the genera Parodon, Apareiodon e Saccodon, including 32 valid species. Of these, 16 occur in Brazil, and only ten defined at species level and one at genus level possess available chromosomal data. Due to the lack of cytogenetic data of Parodontidae species from the Tocantins-Araguaia and Jaguaribe river basins, this study analyzed by cytogenetic (classical and molecular) and molecular (DNA Barcode) methods six populations from the Tocantins-Araguaia river basin (Apareiodon cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, Apareiodon machrisi, Apareiodon argenteus and Parodon cf. pongoensis) and one species from the Jaguaribe river basin (Apareiodon davisi), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the family and assist in the understanding of chromosome evolution of this fish group. For all of the Apareiodon analyzed species was identified conservation in diploid number, distribution pattern of heterochromatic blocks and dispersion pattern of repetitive fraction WAp. However, karyotype formula, active nucleolar organizer regions, location of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S and distribution of satellite DNA pPh2004 sites shown to be variable among the species. The (GATA)n and telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences exhibited similar pattern in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2 and A. machrisi. In this work, we described the first reports of ribosomal genes co-location for Parodontidae, being observed in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, A. machrisi and A. davisi, and also the polymorphism involving the two ribosomal sequences of A. davisi. Analysis of histones H1 and H4 localization represent the first study of histone genes in the family and showed that the seven collected species have co-location of these sequences in a chromosome pair, occuring one additional site of H1 in A. davisi, and dispersed sites of this sequence by the chromosomes of the species. Chromosomal analysis and DNA Barcode performed in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2 and A. machrisi showed recent divergence among these individual groups, suggesting that Apareiodon sp. 2 is a possible new species, and Apareiodon sp. 1 is a population of A. machrisi. This work contributed to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of viii Parodontidae, presenting unpublished chromosomal and molecular data of this family. General analysis of chromosomal data of this family revealed conservation of karyotype macrostructure, however, more detailed analyzes indicated the occurrence of a great variety of chromosomal microstructural level. The results presented in this study, along with that available in literature, indicated that this microstructure chromosome diversity is clearly linked to repetitive DNAs dynamics.
Síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades fotoeletrocatalíticas dos fotoanodos BiVO4 e BiVO4/FeOOH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Araújo, Moisés Albuquerque de; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1921841936471127
Among the variety of semiconductor materials investigated to apply in electrochemical cells bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is one of the candidate which would be used as photoanode. Thus, this study aimed to synthesize thin films of BiVO4 and their modification with a thin layer of iron (III) oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) by photodeposition and study their photoelectrocatalytic properties. The optimization of BiVO4 synthesis condition was assessed by a factorial design 23 and an analysis of univariate type. The parameters studied were annealing temperature (500 and 600 °C), calcinations time (30, 60, 150 and 270 min.), solvent type employed for dissolving the BiVO4 precursor reagents (poly ethylene glycol 300-PEG 300, PEG 400, ethylene glycol-EG, mixture 1:1 by volume of PEG 300 and EG), deposition method of BiVO4 films (dropping and spin coating) and method of drying layers (heating at 500 °C, heat gun and no drying). From the optimized condition BiVO4 film was prepared by dissolving bismuth (III) nitrate and ammonium metavanadate in a mixture of 1:1 by volume of EG and PEG 300, it was deposited onto glass containing FTO by spin coating and then calcinated directly at 500 °C for 60 min. The photodeposition was carried out in the mixture FeSO4 and sodium citrate medium both 1 mmol L-1 and pH 4.7 by applying the open circuit potential for 5 min. and under light incidence. and then polarizing at 1.2 V for 1 min. BiVO4 and BiVO4/FeOOH films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, UV-vis, voltammetry (cyclic and linear) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveled that photocurrent values increased 2.5 times at 0.71 V and the on set potential shifted to less positive value in the presence of FeOOH, also there was a considerable reduction of the charge transfer resistance in the interface photoanode/solution. The bare BiVO4 films were photostable during the illumination time studied which was 4 h. However, the modified films did not show the same behavior, the photocurrent value decreased 29% after 4 h illuminated. The results in the sulphite presence showed that photocurrent value for bare BiVO4 and BiVO4/FeOOH were less than the maximum photocurrent value which would achieve for this materias.
Identificação de padrões de metadados para preservação digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Formenton, Danilo; Castro, Fabiano Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7124931056289027; Gracioso, Luciana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0625069342441295
With the significant increase in the production and acquisition of digital content, initiatives for the recovery and long-term data preservation are being created and studied in the light of changes in technological storage and access to information resources. In this context, the aim of the research was to verify to what extent standards or metadata schemas for digital preservation have been discussed by the field of Information Science and related fields (Archival Science, Library Science, Museology etc.), pointing out how these schemas could meet the structuring demands of institutional repositories more adequately for the preservation of digital documents. In terms of method, an exploratory study, based on bibliographic and documentary research relating to standards or metadata schemes used in the scope of digital preservation, was conducted. A comparative analysis of standards or metadata schemes identified in the literature was carried out, based on core metadata elements considered for digital preservation. Regarding the results, a theoretical technical framework is presented, that seeks to systematize standards or metadata schemes applicable to digital preservation, such as DC, MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87 or MIX, METS and PREMIS and at the same time, that may be relevant for modeling digital institutional repositories. It was found that the guarantee of long-term digital preservation will only be possible with the effective implementation of standards and metadata schemas, because it is they that define the description, representation, consistency and persistence of the digital object/resource in the information environment, as well as determining interoperability between systems. There is no way to say which of the existing metadata schema fully ensures digital preservation but that it is indeed possible to have different standards working together in order to complement the effective registration of the information required in managing preservation and usable access over time of digital objects/resources.
Síntese in situ pelo método Pechini e sinterização por métodos não convencionais de compósitos magnetoelétricos particulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Perdomo, Claudia Patrícia Fernandez; Garcia, Dulcinei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873; Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0062895903351287
This thesis aimed the synthesis via in situ by Pechini method and the sintering by conventional and unconventional methods (microwave and spark-plasma) of particulates magnetoelectrics composites (ME) of ferroelectric systems 0,9Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3O3)-0,1PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) and 0,675Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)- 0,325PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), combined with cobalt ferrite Fe2CoO4 (FCO), with 0,1≤x≤0,5 molar ratios of biphasic ferroelectric/ferromagnetic, aiming high densification, reduction in average grain size and microestructural controlling of constituent phases. The synthesis in situ by Pechini of both PZN-PT/FCO and PMN-PT/ FCO) composite systems was developed in an unprecedented way in this work, resulting successfully in two-phase systems without the presence of secondary phases, highly homogeneous distribution of constituent phases with an average size of nanometric particles and ensuring reproducibility of the method. The presence of FCO phase favored the 100% stabilizing of perovskite phase in PZN-PT system. Both (0,9PZN-0,1PT/FCO e PMN-0,325PT/FCO) systems, after conventional sintering, microwave and SPS showed no formation of secondary phases indicating that the stability of the perovskite phase in the PZN-PT and PMN-PT ferroelectrics phases were ensured. Unconventional sintering methods (microwave and SPS) allowed reach a percolation threshold in the compositions with high FCO content, beyond narrow distribution and lower average grain size favoring the obtaining of fine microstructures. All particulate composite systems sintering by the three techniques presented high resistivity values, even with the presence of high ferrite content which allowed its magnetoelectric characterization at low frequencies. Thus, the high degree of difficulty in getting the magnetoelectric composites, and the absence of studies of sintering microwave and spark-plasma and their effect on the physical and microstructural properties were the main motivation for the development of this work.
Prática pedagógica na educação infantil: análise de artigos publicados em periódicos da área de educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-11-27) Silva, Ketiene Moreira da; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1048166315622270
Historical background of educational services for institutionalized children in Brazil resulted in the pedagogical proposal that the regulatory documents drawn up by the Ministry of Education (MEC) currently guiding pedagogical practices to ensure: educating, caring and playing in daycare centers and pre- schools - axes that determine the fundamental conditions for the socialization and development of children's language. We propose in this qualitative research, reflection on teaching practice in early childhood education, after five years of publication of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (BRAZIL, 2010), performing a literature search in eighteen academic journals in the field of education classified in Qualis A 1 and Qualis A2, in order to identify through searches of their databases, publications of scientific articles with the following descriptors: education, care, play and languages. The results we found are described and analyzed in the body of this research. The twelve items identified in the periodic debate issues that can be identified in the curriculum guidelines as the specifics of educational work for children's education on the transition from preschool to elementary school, the acquisition of written language, the power relations that groups of children set in early childhood education, the hygienist perspective associated with the care, the subjectivities in the process of playing and use different languages for children.