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Síntese assistida por micro-ondas e caracterização de óxidos de manganês para aplicação em dispositivos de armazenamento de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Silva, João Pedro da; Biaggio, Sonia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2087603202355409
The oxides Mn3O4, LiMn2O4and their doped derivatives, LiMnij98Gaojo2O3j98Sojo2, LiMni,9oGao,ioO3,9oSo,io, LiMni,98Alo,o2O3,98So,o2 and LiMni,9oAlo,ioO3,9oSo,io were produced by means of an alternative route: the microwave-assisted solid-state synthesis. Mn3O4 was produced from an electrolytically obtained s-MnO2, by using microwave heating for 5 min. For LiMn2O4 and doped derivatives, solid mixtures of LiOH.H2O and s-MnO2, or LiOH.H2O and Mn3O4 were microwave heated for varying times (3 to 5 min). The synthesis precursors and the final products were characterized by means of X-rays diffractometry (XDR), thermogravimetry (TG), diferential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicated that, for LiMn2O4 and doped derivatives, the best synthesis conditions were achieved when using Mn3O4 as the precursor, i5o mg of reaction mixture, and synthesis time of 2.5 min. Quantified by XRD analyses, the materials presented secondary phases resulting in 8i - 93% mass percentage of the LiMn2O4 phase for the doped materials, and 92% for the non-doped material. For comparison, a commercial material was analyzed, resulting in 93% for the LiMn2O4 phase. Electrochemical characterizations were performed for the produced Mn3O4 e LiMn2O4 by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, employing electrodes constituted by 85% oxide / io% acetylene black / 5% PVDF. Tested as supercapacitor, the Mn3O4, having average size particles of 35o nm, furnished specific capacitance of 2o6 F g4 and considerable electrochemical stability with charge retention of -60% after 5ooo cycles of charge and discharge. Tested as lithium-ion battery cathodes, all the lithium manganese oxides presented charge-discharge profiles characteristic of the LiMn2O4, furnishing specific capacity values in the range 87 - 108 mA h g-1. Contrary to the expectations, the material presenting the best electrochemical stability was the non-doped LiMn2O4, with charge retention of 76% after 200 cycles of charge and discharge.
Por trás do currículo oficial, que Geometria acontece?: um estudo sobre os saberes anunciados nas narrativas de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Morais Junior, Eduardo; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8837681533205838
This research aims to identify the teacher's knowledge announced by a group of teachers Initial Years of elementary school (1st to 3rd grade), linked to PNAIC (National Pact for Literacy Certain Age) in 2014 in the city of Sumaré - SP, through the detailed planning by a collective reflection and realization of a geometry activity developed in the classroom. This study, of qualitative nature, are based on participatory research, specifically action research, in view of the proposal for an intervention in the group studied. For the analysis of data produced by the teachers, the content analysis by the very nature of such data was used, the main landmarks references Bardin (1977) and Franco (2005) and for reasons of narrative, which constitute the data from this survey, we rely on Cunha (1997), Souza (2006) and Galvão (2005). The issue of teaching knowledge which is another aspect discussed in this work is grounded by the studies of Tardif (2011), Gauthier (1998) and other researchers dealing with the subject. The perspective is adopted in this research is an investigative work and that does not close at the time of analysis, and opening to the continuity of the reflections that now will be brought here. The object of study is seated in the triad: teaching knowledge, curriculum and teaching of geometry, with the theoretical foundation Silva (2010) in the curriculum conceptions, Leme da Silva and Valente (2014), Lorenzato (2011) and Fainguelernt (1999) in thinking about the geometry of education as well as the theoretical development of Piaget and Inhelder (1993) and Van Hiele (1990). Presented with this dissertation contributions to the continued discussion of teaching knowledge in the educational context, valuing the voice of the teacher of Primary Education Years Initials. As conclusions, we have the teaching knowledge arising announced by the teachers of vocational training, as well as disciplinary, curricular and experiential knowledge in the analyzed narratives. We bring to this indicative study for teacher continuing education concerning the reflective professional attitude and also to learn experiential as knowledge important to be considered in academic research as well as in their own continuing education of teachers.
Dermeval Saviani : professor intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Almeida, Claudia de Carvalho Cosmo; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7002129100530228
This work has as its theme the life and academic career of Dermeval Saviani and their contributions to the educational debate in Brazil, from the consideration that he became an intellectual proponent. He’s graduated in Philosophy from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), where he also received his doctorate; Saviani is now professor emeritus at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The research is justified by the many legacies that Dermeval Saviani brings to the Brazilian education, which are present in teaching and research, including an extensive publication in the areas of Philosophy of Education, Educational Law and History of Education. The objectives of this research are: to highlight the key moments of life and academic career of Dermeval Saviani, linking these events to the historical context, its research and production as well as the development process of the postgraduate studies in Education in Brazil; to discuss the concepts of ‘System’, ‘Educational Work’ and ‘Social Practice’ in the Dermeval Saviani’s work and which is his conception of ‘Education’ and ‘School’; to reflect about the role and contributions of Dermeval Saviani in the educational debate in Brazil, including his role in the organization of study and research groups, its proposal for a preliminary draft bill of Directives and Bases of National Education Law in the 1980s, just like the Historical-Critical Pedagogy’s perspective; to understand the Saviani’s role as intellectual proponent and organizer of the research field of the Brazilian History of Education. For the sources to deal with biographical and institutional aspects, we resort to autobiographical texts and authors who lived with Demerval Saviani ones, whether on condition of workmates and students, both as students and supervised by him. To address the above concepts, the sources are their own works. Regarding the methodological approach, we use the following categories: historicity, totality and contradiction and the following concepts: political culture, networks and/or elementary structures of sociability and solidarity of age, generation and study — important elements for the study the history of intellectuals. We consider that Dermeval Saviani, for its history, surpassed the teacher, researcher and author characteristics, constituting himself as intellectual, as evidenced by their engagement and the socially recognized function that he performs linked to scientific and philosophical spheres and educational-cultural and policy ones.
Desenvolvimento sustentável e questão agrária : retóricas e realidades em movimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Gonçalves, José Cláudio; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4607657433398379
From the mid-1990s, the debate surrounding the Brazilian agrarian question began to incorporate the issues related to the conservation of natural resources. In this perspective, speeches and projects based on the concept of Sustainable Development (SD) gained prominence. This process is consolidated through the creation, by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), new modalities of rural settlements, among which, the Sustainable Development Projects (PDSs). Considering the social, environmental and economic particularities prevalent in Macro region the Ribeirão Preto, this thesis analyzes the organizational process of two rural settlements in the PDS type implemented by the Regional Superintendent of INCRA/SP in the municipalities of San Carlos and Descalvado. The general objective of this study was to analyze to what extent the principles of economic efficiency, social justice and ecological prudence have been realized these settlements. As a methodological strategy was taken use of a documentary research on the agrarian question and environmental Brazilian, direct observations, interviews semiestruturadas and iconography were also used during the research. Based on the procedure information triangulation technique and the material collected it can be said that the implementation the PDSs this region of São Paulo state, are at a crossroads, because while there are social advances, also emerge barriers, particularly in the ecological dimension of these projects. This allows sort this type of rural settlement as an environmental rhetoric.
Ensino de Leitura na Linguística de Bloomfield e na Análise Comportamental de Skinner
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Conceição, Djenane Brasil da; Passos, Maria de Lourdes Rodrigues da Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526685697455275; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5404269593756474
In a literate society like ours there are many advantages for both the individual and for the community in knowing how to read and write. Brazil's high illiteracy rates are well known, and eradicating functional illiteracy is a major ethical and political goal that studies and researches can help to reach. The present dissertation is an attempt to advance in this direction. We conducted a comparative analysis of the concept of reading and the method for teaching to read from the viewpoints of Leonard loomfield's structural linguistics and of B. F. Skinner's behavioral analysis. We worked on representative texts about the concept of reading and teaching to read by these two scholars. In behavior analysis, as a result of the findings of this research, we went beyond Skinner's texts, and entered the field of errorless learning. Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949), one of the most important linguists of the twentieth century, was a behaviorist and influenced many aspects of B. F. Skinner’s work. In the 1930s Bloomfield developed a method for teaching reading, which culminated in the publication of “Let’s Read” in 1961. B. F. Skinner (1904-1990), the founder of behavior analysis, has been considered by many as the most prominent psychologist of the twentieth century. In the 1950s Skinner published "Verbal Behavior" (1957/1992), in which he addressed the study of language conceived as verbal behavior. Bloomfield considered the basic repertoire of reading as alphabetic habit, which consists in emitting vocal verbal responses corresponding to the printed text, a concept that is compatible with the design of Skinner's concept of textual (one of the units of analysis of verbal behavior). Both Bloomfield and Skinner considered the basic repertoire of reading, the alphabetic habit or textual behavior, as a prerequisite for reading comprehension. Teaching grapheme-phoneme correspondences as an essential part of a reading instruction program was advocated by Bloomfield and is nowadays widely accepted by researchers in the field of reading instruction. The fundamental principle that guides Bloomfield's reading instruction method is the systematic organization of the words presented for reading, based on the degree of regularity of grapheme-phoneme correspondences, from the alphabetic principle to reaching correspondences that deviate far from this principle. The basic teaching procedure is to present pairs of words that contrast in just one or a few letters. This procedure is compatible with differential reinforcement of responses in the presence of specific stimuli procedures used in establishing discrimination in Skinner's behavioral analysis. In addition, we identified in Bloomfield's reading instruction method principles of programmed instruction, which Skinner formulated in the 1950s. For example, requiring the learner to present at least one active response in every step of teaching, reinforcing correct answers immediately after their emission and preparing teaching materials in a gradual progression to enhance the learner's performance in every step of the teaching program. We identified that in Bloomfield's method he advocated errorless learning or learning with few errors, an element that appears in Skinner's behavioral analysis. We concluded that Bloomfield and Skinner's reading concepts are very similar and that Bloomfield's reading instruction method is compatible with behavioral analytical teaching procedures. Bloomfield designed a behavioral reading instruction method, advocated errorless learning or with a minimum of errors and attributed the emission of wrong answers by the learner to teaching method, as supported by the field of errorless learning. It should not be considered that Bloomfield's reading instruction method has actually been tested. Skinner's behavior analysis can contribute to refinements in Bloomfield's reading instruction method, for example, by systematizing the use of extrinsic reinforcers. The adaptation of Bloomfield's reading instruction method to the Portuguese language and its systematic combination with principles and procedures of behavior analysis require the collaborative work of linguists and behavior analysts (at least) and would have great potential, as shown by our analysis, towards solving the problem of Brazil's high rates of functional illiteracy.
Mapeamento topológico virtual de neurônios proporcional às atividades eletrofisiológicas em matrizes de microeletrodos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Rodríguez, Eduardo Rafael Llapa; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004335303270254
This thesis combines image and signal processing to obtain virtual neuron distribution maps in a Microelectrode Array (MEA), which are devices designed for non-invasive electrophysiological signal recording for in vitro cultures of neuron cells. In the electrophysiological signal analysis, it is of interest the knowledge of the topological distribution of the cells along the MEA microelectrodes, but, usually the photographic images of the cell culture are not available. This doctoral work presents an approach to obtain the statistical topologic distribution of the neurons of an in vitro cell culture, denoted virtual distribution of neurons, from the electrophysiological signals. To certify that the statistical computation of the neuron counting is associated to each MEA microelectrode, it is used the ICA (Independent component Analysis) technique, for the separation of the neuron signals distributed throughout the MEA area, to obtain for each microelectrode, only the signals from its adjacent neurons. Assuming the hypothesis that the spontaneous neuron activities, spikes and bursts, are directly proportional to the neuron counting, it is realized the spike counting and burst counting, and it is assigned for each microelectrode, a number of neurons proportional to that numbers of activities. For the validation of the proposal, as well as for calibration of the system, to obtain the estimated number of neurons, it was used an experiment denoted 371, realized in Genoa University, Italy, in which it was recorded electrophysiological signals in 46 DIVs (Days In- Vitro), obtaining 20 minutes of recording in 25, 29, 32, 36, 39, 43, and 46 DIVs, and a set of photographic images in 38 DIV. Assuming that microelectrode neuron counting in the 38 DIV photographic image is proportional to the 39 DIV spontaneous electrophysiological activity signal recording, one day after the imaging, if was determined the neuron counting as function of the spontaneous electrophysiological activities recording, in a process denoted as calibration of the virtual number of neurons. The distance error from the neuron activities as function of the neuron counting in photographic image and in function of the recorded electrophysiological signals was calculated and compared for validation. In this way, it was possible to construct virtual topologic maps of neurons, proportional to the electrophysiological activities measured in 39 DIV, as a function of the spike and the burst countings. Comparing these two virtual maps, the spike counting virtual map was more close to the real neuron distributions viewed at the photographic image of 38 DIV. Also, the variance of the spike and burst counting along the 20 min of electrophysiological recording in a DIV, was calculated, and noted that the spike counting is more stable than burst counting.
Mercado dos prazeres : notas de uma etnografia multi situada em espaços de prostituição no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Pazzini, Domila do Prado; Feltran, Gabriel de Santis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3748720098541882
The prostitution is ambiguous: while it is recognized as an occupation is also a morally confusing activity to the dominant values at the same time that the state guarantees the occupancy condition for prostitute, criminalize the other activities in your surroundings (whose main implication is the operating profit of impossibility about the work of a prostitute) and victimizes. This injunction prostitution condition causes people dealing with this world end up creating conduct and internal codes of everyday action, so you can keep your active practices and markets, moving just between the spheres of legal and illegal, moral and immoral. This work aims to understand, from the codes and conducts the operation of some areas of prostitution in three different cities in the interior of São Paulo: Iris, Girassol and Gardenia. In each of these cities it was possible to see some prostitution contexts, especially in streets, squares and houses. These spaces was conducted fieldwork with interviews and analysis of media records (printed and virtual newspapers, blogs, brochures etc.).
Desenvolvimento de blendas de TPS, PCL E PLA e seus nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose de gravatá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Carmona, Vitor Brait; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4982149954130302
The objective of this project was the study of polymer blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the extraction of celulose nanowhisker from gravatá (Bromelia balansae) (NWCg) and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) (NWCm) for the development of biodegradable nanocomposites. Firstly, binary and ternary polymer blends from TPS, PCL and PLA were prepared by melt extrusion and injection molding. Blends compositions were varied by 25 %wt of each component. The results indicated immiscible systems with both reduced viscosities and mechanical properties compared to those of neat PCL and PLA. Strategies of compatibilization between TPS and PCL and PLA were evaluated by the production and test of PCLgMA and PLAgMA in the blends with 50 and 75 %wt TPS. The using of PCLgMA in TPS/PCL 50/50 and 75/25 was effective in modifying their tensile properties. The compatibilized blends presented elongation at break up to 230%, and also better dispersion and smaller domains of TPS phase. NWCg and NWCm were obtained by acid hydrolysis using H2SO4 at 45 °C, varying the hydrolysis time from 15 up to 75 min. MET analysis showed the rod-like aspect and nanometric dimensions of NWC. The higher values of aspect ratio (L/D) were find on those NWC obtained from 45 min acid hydrolysis, and their thermal stability was suitable to be incorporated in a TPS/PCL matrix. The nanocomposites were obtained from the compatibilized blend of TPS/PCL 75/25 and NWCg by melt extrusion and injection molding using different contents of NWCg. The NWCg did not interfered on thermal stability of the material. On the other hand, NWCg increased their viscosities and water absorption resistence, as well some of mechanical properties. Both tensile strength and young’s modulus were dramatically increased, respectively 80% and 5 times, with only 1,8 %wt of NWCg added.
A rua que acolhe, a rua que cura : equipe de Consultório na Rua como estratégia para atenção à pessoa com tuberculose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Alecrim, Tatiana Ferraz de Araújo; Protti-Zanatta, Simone Teresinha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6772128930979370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3950100037782584
The tuberculosis is characterized as a serious decease and affect the poorest regions of the world. Brazil occupies the 16th place in absolute numbers of cases. According to the Ministry of Health people on the streets are 67 times more likely to get sick from tuberculosis compared to the general population. This population is characterized by extreme poverty, interrupted or weak family bond and lack of residence, using the public places and degraded areas as their housing and sustenance. In 2011, the Ministry of Health implemented Street Clinic Teams as a care mode linked to primary health care, to address the different demands and health needs of the population in the streets. The teams offer “on the spot” and itinerantly, comprehensive health care for these people. The objective of this study was the analyses of sense production effect of the street clinic teams regarding to the care of people with tuberculosis. It is a qualitative assessment which took place at São Paulo’s central region. Six individuals took part in this study. The inclusion criteria: Team Nurses, Epidemiologic Surveillance Nurses, Technical Assessors who operate within street clinic teams, who agreed on signing the informed consent. A scripted semi-structured interview was applied for data collection, utilizing an audio recorder in all recorded interviews. The results emerged in four discursive blocks: characterization of care; service structure for TB patient’s care; incentives: cure x decease maintenance and the organization of work. The conclusion is that the care model in use by the investigate teams contribute to guaranteeing access to care, thus increasing early diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and cure of tuberculosis among that population.
Um estudo do comportamento de busca de informação por estudantes universitários da geração Google
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Farias, Monique Lucia da Silva; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4690274730046361
The aim was to evaluate the degree of information literacy of undergraduate students of Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), born in the mid- 90s, as known as the Google generation. Using the survey method, we elaborated a questionnaire subsequently applied online, using Google's software platform, "googleforms", that seeks to analyse the information behaviour of students, considering their different undergraduate course. The research objetives were to: identify how students seek information to meet their needs, mapping what supplies they use and how they use them, not only sources of information in physical supports, such as books, printed periodicals, but on digital supports, such as databases, electronic books (e-books), among other sources; and find out what is the level of information literacy among the participants. Another dimension also addressed, was how respondents see librarians and the library environment as a study area and social environment. The questionnaire included eight multiple-choice questions , six of these also having an open field for comments. As results, we had 216 replies, 1% Agricultural Sciences 13% Biological Sciences 15% Human Sciences 25% Technology and Exact Sciences 11% Health Sciences 25% Engineering , 11% Linguistics, Literature , Arts. As predicted, when confronting with the previously read literature on the subject, we found that respondents most frequently used sources of information in digital format. However, they do not demonstrate full knowledge of search tools, although the information is found faster, students show difficulties in filtering the information retrieved. When comparing the use of printed and digital journals, the difference is clear-cut: 74% of students say they have used "few times" (30%) or "never" (44%) printed journals, and only 1% say they have used them "always", and "often " (8%). But when it comes from the same source in digital form, this figure rises to 26% ( "always" 14% and "often" 12%) , while the number of respondents who say they have used "few times" and "never" added are 56% , 20% and 36% respectively. Another result that points out the difficulty in filtering the data, showing a low level of information literacy is the lack of knowledge of the tools available to assist in searches: when asked up search strategies, only 6 % use specialized thesaurus, the strategies that they use the most are looking at the first three pages of results and using quotes and Google operators (44% and 55% , respectively) , with 38 % admitting not use any search strategy . The vision that this new generation has in relation to the library environment is still more traditional, which is seen as place to be quieter and conducive to study, 68% said that they used the library space "a few times" (29%) or "never" (39% ) as a leisure space. As the research participants overwhelmingly reported having searched the librarians in University Library "few times" (26%) or "never" (61%), we can conclude that they do not see librarians as professional to help them with their studies, information search and retrieval.
Caracterização da medição de desempenho em bibliotecas universitárias federais e estaduais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-15) Celere, Milena; Mendes, Glauco Henrique de Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564259060572565
Academic libraries are considered the main backbone for the achievement of the University’s mission, and are essential for the development of teaching and research. In this context, performance measurement systems are important in library management providing important information for decision-making, evaluation, control and process improvement. Thus, performance indicators become assessment and analysis tools. There are several models of performance measurement systems, each with different characteristics and purposes, leaving the decision to the organizations on which one to use, adapt or create according to their goals and needs. The objective of the research was to characterize the performance measurement process carried out by federal and state university libraries, helping to identify the practices adopted. Thus, we sought to identify the use of performance measurement, the relationship between management and performance measurement, the performance measurement system reference models used and what are the roles, characteristics and processes of these models. The survey research was university libraries, public federal and state levels, these being defined as the target population of the survey. This decision was made based on the importance that these libraries represent for the national higher education. A questionnaire considering the literature was sent to 653 libraries and obtained a total of 149 valid questionnaires. Predominated in the sample respondents were the South and Southeast regions of Brazil: a) South (22.3% of the sample); b) Southeast (28.30%). Regions with lower response rate from the sample were: North (20.9%) and Northeast (9.65%). Of the 149 respondents, only 25% (37 libraries) said they use performance indicators. Based on the analysis of the results of this research, it was concluded that performance measurement in federal and state university libraries is still incipient in Brazil.