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Avaliação de práticas de gestão empresarial de usinas produtoras de etanol de cana-de-açúcar no noroeste paulista face a princípios de sustentabilidade socioambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Bueno, Miriam Pinheiro; Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1090263681373973
To organizations can contribute to sustainability, they should modify its productive processes in global sense. Therefore, should internalize, besides the economic and structural factors, the natural environment and social questions, that is, the principles of social and environmental sustainability. This tendency includes the Brazilian sugar cane ethanol, which has significant impact in the environmental, socials and economic country questions. As shown in some reports about business sustainability and corporative disclosed by the mills with distilleries (ethanol and sugar), part of this sector has utilized instruments whit tendency to the sustainability process, such as certifications SGA, ISO 14.001, Cleaner Production, Lifecycle Review among others. In this scenario, important to Brazil, this study had as objective review the practices of business management of mills whit distilleries attached sugar cane processors in the administrative region of São José do Rio Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, given the principles of social and environmental sustainability. For this, it was applied the qualitative methodology, exploratory and descriptive, primary and secondary research by through questionnaires. The results and analyses were performed to correlate the principles, the dimensions and indicators of social and environmental sustainability versus the mills practices, resulting in identification of the trend level of social and environmental sustainability of the mills. It is concluded that more than 40% of the practices of the mills are not aligned, others are aligning and other are aligned whit the principles of social and environmental sustainability. Therefore, almost half of the practices used in the mills are not, actually, whit the tendency to social and environmental sustainability. It is suggested that the mills decide internalize the principles of social and environmental sustainability in its upstream processes downstream of the sugarcane ethanol industry early in the planning conscious design, seen that its today practices, certainly, will have consequences in the future; and that this practices are continuous and favorable to the principles of social and environmental sustainability, therefore, to the life quality of the population and the own mills, in its corporate business management.
Diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio e hiperinsuflação mecânica na aspiração endotraqueal aberta : impacto na oxigenação e ventilação pulmonar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Vianna, Jacqueline Rodrigues de Freitas; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7998465351572654
Endotracheal suction (ES) in mechanically ventilated patients is required for maintaining a patent airway. Open circuit endotracheal suction (OCES) may cause greater damage to respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. There is little evidence about the impact of the use of oxygen concentrations below 100% and the expiratory pressure-zero end expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP) technique at increasing oxygenation and maintaining adequate ventilation during the OCES. In addition studies were not found concerning need or not of hyperoxygenation associated with the PEEP- ZEEP and the effectiveness of isolated hyperoxygenation with oxygen concentration 20% above the baseline, thus justifying the studies of this thesis. Study I aimed to evaluate whether the 20% oxygen concentration of inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) above the baseline avoids hypoxemia compared the offer to 100% and determine the impact of OCES on pulmonary ventilation in critical patients on mechanical ventilatory support. This randomized crossover study involved 68 patients in an adult intensive care unit (ICU), intubated, mechanically ventilated and placed in the two intervention sequences: Hyperoxygenation using 20% above FiO2 (FiO2 20%) and Hyperoxygenation using 100% FiO2(FiO2 100%). Hyperoxygenation was applied 1 min before each of the 5 ES and 1 min after OCES. The studied variables were measured pre, immediately after and 1min, 2 min and 30 min after OCES. There was a significant intra-group increase in immediate post FiO2 20% and 100% on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), carbon dioxide (CO 2) exhaled at the end of expiration (ETCO2), partial pressure of CO2 in the mixed expired air (PeCO2 ), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and in the tidal volume of CO2 (VtCO2) only for the FiO2 20%. Intergroup in the immediate post in VtCO 2, ETCO2 and SpO 2 restoring the pre intervention values 30 min after measurement. It was concluded that an oxygen concentration of 20% above baseline FiO2 for patients with need of prior offer  60% effectively avoided hypoxemia and volumetric capnography analysis confirms that changes in pulmonary ventilation in OCES in critical patients are transient and reversible within 30 min. These findings also support the implementation of Study II which aimed to verify behavior of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and exhaled end- expiratory CO2 (ETCO2), for the OCES procedure, using PEEP-ZEEP baseline FiO2 versus PEEP-ZEEP hyperoxygenation using 20% above FiO 2. This randomized crossover study involved 38 patients in an ICU, intubated, mechanically ventilated and placed in the two intervention sequences: PEEP-ZEEP with baseline FiO2 (PEEP-ZEEP FiO2 baseline) and PEEP-ZEEP with 20% above FiO2 (PEEP-ZEEP hyperoxygenation). Hyperoxygenation was applied 1 min before each of the 5 procedures and 1 min after OCES. PEEP-ZEEP with 3 series before each of the 5 ES. The studied variables were measured pre, immediately after and one, two and 30 min after OCES. There was significant increase in SpO2 on PEEP-ZEEP hyperoxygenation, with maintenance of adequate levels on PEEP-ZEEP FiO2 baseline no change in ETCO2 in both interventions. Significant difference was found in intergroup SpO2 post 1 min of hyperoxygenation, immediate post, post 1and 2 min of OCES. Significant difference was found in intergroup SpO2 post 1 min of hyperoxygenation, immediate post, post 1 and 2 min of OCES. It was concluded that the PEEP-ZEEP technique, when well indicated, associated or not to hyperoxygenation is effective to avoided the fall of SpO2 and maintain levels of ETCO2, minimizing the impairment in the ventilation caused by OCES.
Abordagens de fluxos em redes utilizando otimização robusta e programação estocástica na gestão financeira do caixa de empresas de material escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Righetto, Giovanni Margarido; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9080248340370585
The tactical management of cash flow is critical in financial management of a company or organization. Several mathematical models for planning cash flow have been proposed in recent decades. Most of the models are deterministic and initially treated as an extension of the economic order quantity. This thesis addresses the cash management problem from the perspective of optimization models present in the Operations Research literature. The aim is to study, develop and apply formulations based on mathematical programming and network flows, considering uncertainties in parameters, to support the decisions involved in managing the cash flow. A case study was developed in a typical company of the stationery sector to analyze the suitability and potential of the proposed approaches for companies of this sector. For that, this thesis implement robust optimization and stochastic programming to address the parameters uncertainties in the problem of maximizing the available financial resources at the end of a multi-period and finite planning horizon of the company's cash flow. The proposed approaches are based on a deterministic model which uses a network flow to maximize the cash flow return at the end of the period. For the treatment of uncertainties in the parameters that define the flow of financial resources in time are used the robust optimization approach of worst case interval and the stochastic programming approach risk neutral, minimax with regret and conditional value-at-risk. There were no other studies in the literature following this line of research. As shown in this thesis the proposed approaches can generated promising results for the management of cash flow in companies of the stationery sector and others, with significant contributions in financial decision-making department, particularly for the treatment of uncertainties in the parameters of the cash flow.
Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa : possibilidades e percepções no contexto da formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Leme, Josi Carolina da Silva; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1932240181888180
The actions of National Agreement for the Literacy at the Right Age, known as PNAIC, constitutes the most recent educational public policy proposal that intends to promote literacy for all children up to 8 years old. The proposal includes the teachers' training among these actions which brings a contribution to teachers' performance. As the national agreement settles in along with a qualitative research, this work aims to bring a case study to meet three state elementary education teachers' perceptions. These teachers work in a country side city in the state of Sao Paulo, each one works in a different grade – first grade, second grade and third grade of elementary school. We characterized the course according to the written language offered by these three teachers in 2013 under the structural context. It also included the possible contributions for their professional development. We performed the current PNAIC legislation study along with thesis and dissertation electronic research including three PNAIC universities: UNICAMP (Universidade de Campinas), UNESP (Universidade Esadual Paulista), and UFSCar (Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos), all linked to previous public policies before PNAIC. We also interviewed teachers and their PNAIC tutors, and we analyzed the School Management Plan; we listed the materials offered to teachers (classroom books), and for their tasks with students (board games and children's books). We especially relied on works by the following professionals: Ana Carolina Marsiglia, Bernadete Gatti, Claudio Félix dos Santos, Dermeval Saviani, Elaine Eliane P. de Souza, Lígia Marcia Martins, Magda Soares, Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti, Maria Iolanda Monteiro, Newton Duarte, Romy Salomão e Sirley Tedesco. The results are based on teachers' understanding about the need of a public policy for teacher's training and fringe benefits such as scholarships and materials distribution not only for teachers' training but also children's books and literacy games. Nevertheless, there are intriguing facts that deserve special attention to be reviewed upon the agreement implementation: the steps that the proposals go through before reaching the students, such steps embodied by the universities coordination that train the teachers, study tutors, faculty formation and the professors, just to mention a few. It is clear that the several instances that the teacher's education has passed and all the interests involved are prone to distort the faculty proposal thus endowing the existing gaps in the formation books by leaving the original proposal behind. The strength of the teacher's formation offered by the PNAIC proposal became unfruitful to grant teachers' professional development since it has not even close to ease the harsh work conditions and the reality of the school community.
Atomização e consolidação por fusão seletiva a laser da liga Cu-11,3Al-3,2Ni-3,0Mn-0,5Zr com efeito de memória de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Santos, Jonadabe Martins dos; Cava, Régis Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4204517273140613; Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0679741985604510
The aim of the present work was the study of the viability of a manufacturing route of parts with the Cu-based Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Cu- 11,3Al-3,2Ni-3Mn-0,5Zr through gas atomization followed by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) consolidation. The alloy was prepared from high purity elements in an induction furnace with a concentrate argon flow shield above the molten metal. The atomization was carried out using an induction furnace for melting and argon as atomizer gas. The atomized powder was sieved in 32-106 μm range particles sizes and consolidated by SLM 250 HL device settled at the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany. In the consolidation step the best combination of power (P in Watts) and velocity (V in mm/s) were selected through the visual aspect criteria. In the following step the hatching track percentage (S) guided by relative density criteria was included. The atomized powder and the consolidated samples were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The composition and the powder morphology were suitable for the SLM processing. The parameters optimization point out that the best combinations were P310v740S40 and P310v740S50, their relative density were around 97 %. The β’ “zig-zag” martensite phase, the SMA effect cause, was prevailing in the consolidated samples microstructure, still, the microstructure although was not-uniform it was relatively grain refined, pointing out the effect of Zr addition. The consolidated samples transformation temperatures were As=172-174C, Af=194-197C, Ms=156-160C, Mf=132- 138C. The results point to a strong indicative of the viability of a manufacturing route of parts with Cu-based SMA through gas atomization followed by SLM consolidation.
Classificação das hipersuperfícies lorentzianas de R1n para Rn1+1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Escobar Montecino, Claudia Evelyn; Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7454513527776687
In this dissertation we present a result of classi cation of isometric hypersurfaces between Lorentz-Minkowski spaces due to L. K. Graves [5], which generalizes a classic theorem of Hartman and Nirenberg [7], where hypersurfaces were classi ed among Euclidean spaces. The technique we use in this classi cation of hypersurfaces is to rst study the completeness of the relative nullity foliation, and split the demonstration in two cases depending of the foliation be degenerate or not degenerate.
Avaliação da resistência à corrosão e das propriedades mecânicas da junta soldada de aço inoxidável duplex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Higa, Silvia Midori; Sordi, Vitor Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940; Kuri, Sebastião Elias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245298285401456
The corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of hardness and toughness of a welded joint multipass duplex stainless steel have been evaluated under the condition with post-weld heat treatment and as-welded. The microstructure along the weld varied as a function of the thermal cycles of the welding process. The heat affected zone (HAZ) showed a higher amount of ferrite and larger grain size. The weld metal (WM) showed more refined microstructure, given by the metal composition of addition used. The parent metal (PM) has not microstructural changes to be far to the fusion zone. The results obtained in electrochemical tests, immersion and mechanical showed that the HAZ presented the pitting potential less noble and higher degree of sensitization in relation to WM and PM. The higher hardness and lower toughness were observed in WM due to the refined microstructure. It was also observed that the post-weld heat treatment reduced the hardness and increased toughness over the joint, reducing the difference of values of these mechanical properties between different regions of the weld. In the corrosion resistance, the effect of the heat treatment was observed in the reduction of the degree of sensitization of the HAZ, it is not significant in pitting potential. The highest rate of corrosion in the welded joint was obtained in the condition as-welded, and observed an attack in the HAZ region. Considering the degree of sensitization and the rate of corrosion of the HAZ, we investigated the presence of precipitates in the region by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (TEM) with a qualitative chemical analysis and semi-quantitative for energy dispersive X - ray (EDS). The results showed the presence of chi phase, sigma and secondary austenite responsible for the sensitization of the joint as-welded.
O medium da transcendência : linguagem, tempo e desejo em Merleau-Ponty
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Camargo, Jeovane; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1828190355457323
Le texte présentement écrit cherche, d'un côté, à faire surface au critère ontologique au fond de chaque description entreprendre par Merleau-Ponty. Dans ce sens, la temporalité révèle la racine autant des descriptions du corps et de la perception que du langage. En approfondissant l'analyse de la structure temporelle et en même temps en nourrissant de quelques commentaires de Moura, on se demande sur ce qu'incite le temps à être toujours une “puissance de passer outre” de chaque moment présent, sur ce que fait le temps un mouvement de perpétue s'écouler. Tel investigation se tourne vers les considérations sur le désir, en rapprochant, ainsi de la thèse de Saint-Aubert et des commentaires de Ramos. D'autre côté, il cherche de montrer des ajustes conceptuels que Merleau-Ponty a entrepris en visant le dépassement de certes préjugés de la première période de sa pensée. Dans cette perspective, il faut souligner que l'auteur se détache de la base phénoménologique du « a priori de la corrélation » et développe une ontologie qui contemple aussi la Nature. Par cela, le critère ontologique de la première hase de sa pensée (la temporalité) soufre quelques transformations. L'apport théorique offert par la linguistique de Saussure permet à Merleau-Ponty s'arrêter de concevoir les instants temporelles comme des positivités (le Cogito tacite), en y montrant enfin comme des différentiations (des différences sans termes).
Avaliação da funcionalidade ecológica de uma área em processo de restauração no bioma da Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-16) Altivo, Felipe de Souza; Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9452734122683811
The restoration should involve the return of vegetation cover and ecological processes. This study aims to assess whether the restoration of diversity also promoted the recovery of the ecological functionality of an area located in the Atlantic Forest, in Rio de Janeiro. During the study, a set of ecological functionality of indicators based on community diversity, its structure and its context in the landscape were analized. The most efficient indicators for evaluation of the areas were the structure (density, height and basal area), followed by diversity and evenness (H 'and J). Between the 5th and 20th month, there was a significant reduction of diversity, further for families than for the species. However, indicators of ecological functions did not change between the ages despite the reduction in diversity, showing that there was redundancy of functions between different species. The results suggest the deployment of fewer species maintaining the proportion of the functional diversity of species can optimize the actions of forest restoration for promoting the reduction of mortality, therefore generating greater increase in community structure. The regenerating analysis showed the importance of faunal interactions in forest restoration activities, since 77% of regenerating species found in the area have zoochorous dispersion syndrome.