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Indisciplina e violência na escola : concepções e discursos de educadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Vergna, Ariel Cristina Gatti; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9474338308658475
This research aimed at analyzing the teachers‟ discourses from a state school at the interior of São Paulo State as their understandings about conflict, indiscipline and / or violence inside the school and investigate if these conceptions are reflected in their practices, when dealing with the occurrences of these events in their space. It is characterized for being a qualitative study, using two methodological instruments: a documental analysis, a survey of cases of indiscipline and violence through occurrences‟ folder; and two focus groups: one with the management staff of the school (the School‟s Mediator, the Coordinators of Elementary School I, II and High School, and the Coordinator of Support to the Management staff); and the other, with their teachers.The results were analyzed from the perspective of French Analysis of the Discourse, which allowed us to understand the speech of those educators as follows: their understandings were not the same, there were several contradictions with strong prospects for relations of power. The cases of violence officially registered in the researched school were or sporadic, or were being veiled by educators. Mainly for the management team indiscipline is related to the students‟ learning, and for teachers, by the other hand, the disrespect that occurs between students ends up generating violence in school spaces; There was no standardization for actions taken as indiscipline and / or violent at school, the individual perception of who registered determined the situation and decision-making of theses educators. It was possible to check that students were hardly heard, or had few real opportunities for participation and dialogue. It was only up to managers the deciding of what would be done ahead in the instances of conflict or violence, in order that the matter be solved within by the direction and school coordination. We conclude that, at the school studied, there was a speech of appreciation of the dialogue as a solution tool for cases of conflict, indiscipline and violence, but behind this design, the various power relations that develop within the school environment are still implicit and rooted both with respect to students and teachers, and between these teachers and management.
Novas arquiteturas para sensores modificados com materiais nanoestruturados de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Baccarin, Marina; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1431367087412366
In this work are reported the development of new architectures for sensors using carbon nanomaterials. Firstly, the investigation of the nanomaterials reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon black (CB) in chitosan film (CTS) modifying the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the development of new electrochemical sensor is described. The sensor was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Using the Nicholson method and the results obtained by CV with the proposed RGO-CB-CTS/GCE, the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) of 5.6 × 10−3 cm s−1 was obtained. The proposed electrode was applied for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) (neurotransmitter) and paracetamol (PAR) (analgesic). Employing SWV, DA presented an anodic peak at 0.25 V and PAR at 0.50 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L–1 KCl). The analytical curves obtained were linear in the range from 3.9  10–6 to 3.4  10–5 mol L–1 and between 2.0  10–6 and 1.7  10–5 mol L–1 with detection limits of 2.0  10–8 and 5.3  10–8 mol L–1 for DA and PAR, respectively. The developed sensor presented advantages such as simple preparation, low cost of nanomaterials used, fast response (7 s for each measure). Besides, the sensor was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of the analytes in synthetic urine samples. The second fabricated sensor was based on the modification of a GCE with nanodiamond (Dnano) within a Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) film. The Dnano-PAH/GCE sensor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was observed a stability of the dispersion and a k0 of 2.0 × 10−2 cm s−1 was obtained using the Nicholson method and the results obtained from CV technique. The developed sensor was applied for determination of catechol (CAT) using differential-pulse Baccarin, M. ix voltammetry (DPV). Under optimal experimental conditions, the anodic peak current was linear in the CAT concentration range of 2.0 × 10−6 to 1.1 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10−6 mol L−1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of CAT in natural water samples, presenting vantages such as fast response (9 s to carry out one measure), selectivity and simplicity of working electrode fabrication.
Experiências de universitários brasileiros em mobilidade acadêmica : reflexões sobre cursos e materiais didáticos em língua inglesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Oliveira, Talita Aparecida de; Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9196203452626395
International academic mobility programs have been intensified in Brazil in the last few years. In 2015, one of these initiatives, Science without Borders (SwB), achieved its goal of sending 100 thousand students for academic programs, 78% being undergraduate students. Since the beginning of this governmental action in 2011, the need for developing Brazilian students’ proficiency in English became evident, which led to the stablishment of the national program Languages without Borders (LwB) in 2013. In this research, we developed an analysis of locally produced teaching materials used in courses for students who wanted to participate in academic mobility programs in English speaking countries. These material have been designed by the local IsF team, with the participation of student teachers. Through an evaluative case study (MERRIAM, 2007), we analysed 6 undergraduate students’ experience after taking courses LwB in Brazil and becoming participants of the SwB program. Using semi-structured interviews and developing a virtual group with the participants, we analysed situations that they have experienced and identified linguistic and pragmalinguistic challenges, the latter are related to appropriate linguistic choices that the speaker makes during communicative situations (KASPE e ROSE, 2001; HINKEL, 2012). The analysis demonstrates, based on principles of teaching materials development (TOMLINSON, 2010), that the materials had a positive impact on the students’ experiences. Issues like autonomy development, extensive opportunities of listening speakers in communicative situations and study of genres were identified. This study reveals that there are aspects to be closely considered in ELT materials for exchange students, such as developing students’ awareness about communication with other speakers of English as a second language and using strategies in new environments.
Ensino de relações espaciais de direita e esquerda para indivíduos com autismo e deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Silva, Elaine de Carvalho; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4334552591674983
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability may experience delays in psychomotor development and flaws in the structuring of the body schema, which subsidize the development of spatial orientation. These delays cause perceptual, motor, and social problems. In the approach of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), the behavioral intervention programs use a variety of working formats to meet individual needs of this population. Considering the body notion as a basis for the development of learning, the aim of this study was to teach individuals with ASD and intellectual disability to discriminate sides "right" and "left" of the body and check the generalization of this concept to other stimuli and contexts. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, participants were a boy (9 years old) diagnosed with autism and two teenagers (16 years old), one with Down syndrome and another with intellectual disabilities. In the second experiment, participants were four boys diagnosed with ASD at the age of ten to twelve years. The selection criterion was that the participants did not present the knowledge of concepts related to the left and right sides, identified in a pretest. The procedure consisted of pre-testing, teaching with multiple exemplar instruction and post-test. The intervention was composed of discrete trials in which an instruction containing three components (movement, body part, and laterality, for example, "Raise your right arm") was presented and, when necessary, imitation, physical, and gestural prompts were used and faded according to the participant's performance. Data collection was filmed for reliability calculations and the designs were pre- and post-test in the first experiment and multiple baseline across participants in the second experiment. All participants presented correct responses regarding taught actions involving three components (movement, body part, and laterality), and generalized right and left concepts to new contexts that were tested with the use of objects. This study used only listener verbal relations, opening possibilities for comparing listener relations training and speaker relations training in the emergence of such concepts.
Fragilidade de adultos e idosos com doença renal em tratamento hemodialítico : identificação de fatores associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Gesualdo, Gabriela Dutra; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7147691907440502
Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis undergo serious changes in social life, in work, eating habits and sexual life, which lead to changes in their physical and emotional integrity. These factors can decrease their quality of life and can make the fragile patient. The weakness is more common among patients with chronic kidney disease, compared to those without such disease due to factors associated with the disease, such as protein wasting, anemia, inflammation, acidosis, and hormonal disorders. Have kidney disease greatly increases the chances of fragility when compared to subjects with normal renal function or those with other chronic diseases. Objective: To identify factors associated with fragility of adults and elderly chronic renal hemodialysis treatment. Method: This is a descriptive, correlational study, a cross-sectional developed into a Renal Replacement Therapy Unit in the state of São Paulo. We assessed 107 participants with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis, 62 adults and 45 elderly, through the Participants' Characterization Instrument of Fragile Fried Phenotype, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Cognitive Examination Addenbrooke - Revised, the Katz Index and the scale of instrumental activities of daily living Lawton. All ethical principles were respected (Opinion No. 799,212 / 2014). Held correlational analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most adults was pre-frail (54.84%) in Phenotype evaluation Fragility Fried and fragile (58.06%) when evaluated by the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Factors associated with the fragility of adults were fair or poor perceived health status (OR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.35; p = 0.00), female gender (OR = 0.02; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.82; p = 0.02) and dependence for instrumental activities of daily living (OR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.99; p = 0.04). Already the elderly proved fragile (64.44% and 73.33%) in the application of Fried Fragile Phenotype and Tilburg Frailty Indicator, respectively. Aspects associated with frailty were: perception of fair or poor health status (OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.005 to 0.87; p = 0.00) and cognitive impairment (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0, 52 to 0.91; p = 0.00). Conclusion: The factors associated with frailty in adults were fair or poor health perception, female and dependence for instrumental activities of daily living. The elderly were: perception of fair or poor health and cognitive impairment. This study brings the contribution to the health team, the assessment of the level of fragility of adults and seniors living with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and the factors associated with the frailty syndrome.
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA), para uso no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Paulisso, Debora Caires; Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728; https://lattes.cnpq.br/677750407701968
Introduction: Functional Mobility Assessment – FMA is a tool developed in United States of America that seeks to assess the satisfaction of users of mobility devices, related to its functionality when using these devices. In Brazil there are few studies investigating the influence of the use of Assistive Technologies and the social participation of individuals and, regarding the use of assistive devices for mobility and satisfaction with the functionality there is only one reference to recently standardized instrument. Thus, surveys show the need for further researches directed to this theme in Brazil. Aim: general purpose in this research was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation process of the instrument FMA. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation procedure of the instrument was based on two international guidelines. There was formal authorization for use of the instrument and approved by the Ethics Committee for Research (Report nº: 939.039). Results: The first translation was done by two independent translators and later discrepancies between the two translations were resolved and created a single version. The single version has undergone a back translation (Portuguese -English) and was sent and analyzed by the authors of the instrument and then by 11 experts, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists and all translators. Also a personal meeting with the authors of the tool was performed. The pre-test version was administered to 24 participants, who were also interviewed on the understanding of each phrase of the instrument and obtained nearly 100% understanding of sentences. The last stage consisted reports analysis by the authors of the original instrument to approve the final version. Conclusion: the cross-cultural adaptation was concluded and the instrument is ready to undergo further studies to obtain psychometric measures in the Brazilian population.
Klein-Gordon models with non-effective time-dependent potential
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Nascimento, Wanderley Nunes do; Ebert, Marcelo Rempel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2266906291626715; Kapp, Rafael Augusto dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2872257628868649; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6150263588608389
In this thesis we study the asymptotic properties for the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Klein-Gordon equation with non-effective time-dependent potential. The main goal was define a suitable energy related to the Cauchy problem and derive decay estimates for such energy. Strichartz’ estimates and results of scattering and modified scattering was established. The C m theory and the stabilization condition was applied to treat the case where the coefficient of the potential term has very fast oscillations. Moreover, we consider a semi-linear wave model scale-invariant time- dependent with mass and dissipation, in this step we used linear estimates related with the semi-linear model to prove global existence (in time) of energy solutions for small data and we show a blow-up result for a suitable choice of the coefficients.
No espaço-tempo da brincadeira no Programa Curumim/SESC São Carlos : crianças e adultos, saberes em relação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Sartori, Gabriela Dias; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6107856518768666
This research seeks to comprehend the play, present in childhood ludic culture, in the wide context that involves child and its stories, social cultures and with those, the educative processes that are produced. The study subjects were forty-two child, between 7 and 12 years old, that participated in Programa Curumim and invited me to play and/or talk with them in the free time. This research sets out to comprehend how children organize and experience their play in the "free time" on Programa Curumim, as well to compehend the relation between the researcher with children, inside this play environment. The research question that guides this study was: What objectives and subjectives conditions, allow the emergency and experience of play in Programa Curumim, particularly in the "free time"? The data collect was made through nonstructured observation, participant observation and field diary. The methodology of this work is based on qualitative reasearch principles, by which, the experience and flexiblity are elements appreciated. This research seeks to contribute to Education area with discussions about the importance of the play, the relations that emerge from those moments and elements of childhood ludic culture that are present in the educative processes built, having as an axis humanizing processes.
Sartre : a tensão dialética entre a realidade e o imaginário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Paes, Gabriel Gurae Guedes; Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2955946094601264; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9556325252489654
Propriedades de sílicas híbridas obtidas por co-condensação com HDTMS e TPOAC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Ferreira, Aurélia Retiella Oliveira; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7217166457322618
The master degree work presented is a result of a research conducted together with a group, which has worked on the modification of the synthesis CTA-MCM-41, that silica belongs to the mesoporous materials family (composed by MCM-41, MCM-48 e MCM- 50). The synthesis of silicas was disclosed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to processing of higher molecular that the processed for microporous silica. Between the mesoporous silicas, the more studied it’s MCM-41. When the MCM-41 has in their pores the cation (CTA+) it has also basic catalytic sites due to siloxi anion (≡SiO-) associated. In evaluating the basic character of the CTA-MCM-41 in transesterification reactions of monoester, we obtained satisfactory conversions, but when catalyst reused, there was a loss of catalytic due to leaching cations CTA+. Then, the catalyst loses part of the basicity necessary to that reaction. This work has challenged, synthesize hybrid catalysts that are able of keep the same catalytic activity when reused. From the research, the formation of MCM-41, the cocondensation of TEOS with functionalized groups can result in new hybrid materials. These materials offer functional groups connected to wall silica, [Si]– CnH(2n+1), this connection type can create more stability to this form of silica. For this particular research, arose the proposal to use together with TEOS, the hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (silane) or dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (silônio) like fonts of silicas in the synthesis of the MCM-41. The silicas synthesized showed X-ray diffraction characteristic of the MCM-41 and the presence of the silane and the silônio was proven through the technique nuclear magnetic resonance of 29Si and of the termogravimetric analysis. The silicas were evaluated catalytically by transesterification reaction of ethyl acetate in methyl acetate and ethanol. The conversions obtained in the reaction, when compared with the silica synthesized just with TEOS, were lower, due to deposition silônio group on silica surface, hindering the access to basic sites.
Tendinopatia patelar : biomecânica da aterrissagem de salto, déficits de força e flexibilidade e efeitos de intervenções de tratamento enfocando fatores proximais da cadeia cinética em atletas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Silva, Rodrigo Scattone da; Nakagawa, Theresa Helissa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020771286419217; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9953273388451412
Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is one of the most common causes of knee pain in athletes. The prevalence of PT in elite volleyball athletes can be as high as 45%. Studies assessing lower limb muscles strength and flexibility and trunk and lower limb biomechanics during sports related activities are scarce. Also, the effects of interventions focusing on jump-landing strategy modifications to reduce the overload in the knee joint in athletes with PT have not yet been investigated. The purposes of this Thesis were: to compare hip, knee and ankle torques, as well as knee and ankle flexibility between athletes with and without PT; to compare trunk and lower limb sagittal plane biomechanics during jump-landings between athletes with and without PT; to verify the effects of an intervention of hip muscles strengthening and jump-landing strategy modification on pain, function and lower limb biomechanics in a volleyball athlete with PT and; to verify the immediate effects of changing sagittal plane trunk position on lower limb biomechanics and knee pain during jump-landings in athletes with and without PT. For the isometric torque evaluations, a handheld dynamometer was used. An inclinometer was used for the flexibility tests. For the landing biomechanics evaluations, motion capture systems and force platforms were used. The athletes’ pain and disability were assessed by means of a visual analogue scale and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella questionnaire. Results showed that the athletes with PT presented lower hip extensor torque and lower hamstrings and ankle flexibility when compared to healthy athletes. In the biomechanical evaluation, athletes with PT displayed less hip flexion during jump-landings and smaller contribution of the hip joint for dissipation of the landing forces when compared to healthy athletes. The eight-week intervention composed by hip strengthening exercises and jump-landing strategy modification decreased pain and disability and improved lower limb biomechanics during jump-landing in an athlete with PT, both in short and long term. Finally, increasing trunk flexion during jump-landings produced immediate effects of: 1) reducing peak patellar tendon force in athletes with and without PT; 2) reducing knee pain during landings in athletes with PT. Proximal factors of the kinetic chain, such as hip strength and hip/trunk movements during jump-landings, should not be overlooked in the development of interventions for the rehabilitation of athletes with PT.
Processos educativos vivenciados em experiências de comunicação popular na Mostra Audiovisual de Cambuquira-MG (MOSCA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Ribeiro Junior, Djalma; Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7242263940723603
The current thesis is dedicated to research the educational processes that are lived deeply in experiences of popular communication in Mostra Audiovisual de Cambuquira-MG (MOSCA). We intend to understand together with the participant subjects of the research which educational processes are present in their experiences of participation in MOSCA. It is evident that MOSCA composes popular communications processes, approaching critical perspectives on the concentration of the media and fortifying struggles for democratization of society, which goes through the democratization of the media process. Another sought objective was to collaborate to the recognition of the Popular Communication as a key part of the Communication field, contributing to the critical analysis concerning social interfaces of communication, especially those in which Popular Communication finds the Popular Education to establish a proposal of construction of a fairer world that respects and fortifies the diverse cultures that compose our society. We seek to combine scientific and critical in a process of construction of the scientific knowledge with social commitment at the interface between Popular Communication and Popular Education. This research assumed a posture of critical science and proposes the participation in the debate concerning the non-coloniality of knowledge, noting that there are other communications and educations that are experienced in marginalized social practices by the legal apparatuses that legislate on the sector of the communication. It is being considered the understanding that in all social practices it is possible to find educational processes in various dimensions and allow the construction of scientific knowledge with social commitment, based on dialogue, respect and responsibility of the participant subjects of the research. The research methodology was qualitative characteristic, based on dialogue and proposal of a working community. It is important to detach that the scientific researcher has a militancy relationship with MOSCA since 2005, where he acts as a teacher of audiovisual workshops. Data collection was set up by interviews carried through in 2015, in audiovisual recordings that date back from 2006 and systemize participant observation in 2015, when occurred the tenth edition of MOSCA. The analyzed data had pointed with respect to categories indicating educational process that values the dialogue, the exchanges, the criticality, the participation, the autonomy, the belonging, the identification, the engagement, the affirmation and appropriation.
Desenvolvimento de um imunossensor descartável acoplado a um sistema microfluídico para determinação de um biomarcador tumoral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Peverari, Camila Rizzardi; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7484809088151829
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and results in 70% of cases of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) overexpression, a tumor biomarker. In the present study we developed a sensitive and low cost disposable electrochemical immunosensor, coupled with a microfluidic system, as an alternative to determine ERα, since there are no reports on the determination of this compound in the literature using this method. The immunosensor was developed by the screen printing method, comprising a reference electrode, a counter electrode and an array of eight working electrodes, all disposable. The working electrodes were modified by layer-by-layer with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and gold nanoparticles decorated with glutathione (AuNP-GSH), in order to support, by covalent bond, a double-stranded DNA containing an estrogen response element (dsDNA-ERE). Also, we use magnetic particles containing thousands of antibodies and enzymes, wherein the enzymes are responsible for indirect response from the immunosensor and antibodies are used to capture the analyte in the sample. Once that the analyte is captured, it interacts with the dsDNA-ERE immobilized on the surface of the working electrode. In the linear range 16.6 to 513.3 fg mL-1 were obtained detection limit of 10.0 fg mL-1, quantification limit of 16.89 fg mL-1 and a sensitivity of 7.7 nA mL fg [ ERα]-1. Finally, it was possible to test the immunosensor front of a real sample lysate cells MCF-7, which showed that the device is a promising choice for use in the treatment and possible early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Exploração e produção de petróleo : uma análise do patenteamento no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Schiavi, Marcela Taiane; Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5591696083420228
Constantly, social organizations, both public and private, seek innovation in relation to processes and products, making it necessary to protect the records of such innovations. The patent document is a useful means of protection for these inventions or innovations, and through its analysis is also possible to demonstrate the growth and development of organizations and countries. The patent analysis is used to evaluate various technologies and innovations through analysis data mentioned in your registration, which enables the provision of bibliometric indicators. This research aims to present an analysis of patent documents in the area of Exploration and Production in the context of Brazil, in order to raise indicator showing the current situation, trends, future prospects and key actors participating in the development process technology that area. The search method includes the literature review for the contextualization and the selection of statistical data related to the evolution of this area in Brazil over time. It used also the Derwent Innovation Index database to the recovery of patents in the area of Exploration and Production documents in Brazil. As a result the following indicators were developed: the section, class and subclass of the International Classification codes of patents relating to the Exploration and Production; the total number of patent documents in the area of exploration and production in the oil sector in Brazil; Technological Focus Exploration Area and Production in Brazil; the companies that deposited patents in this area; countries that deposit in Brazil; knowledge areas and domains and subdomains Technology Exploration Area and Production in Brazil. Thus, Brazil tends to strengthen implementing their technologies and increasing its reserves, and the companies operating in this sector have stood out more and more. Still, the research highlighted the importance of patent documents for companies seeking improvements and technological innovations to work in their markets and the strategic importance of patent documents as a source of information for possible future grants to academic and corporate research.
Ensino informatizado de frações a crianças surdas e ouvintes por meio do paradigma de equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Angelotti, Vanessa Cristina; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3057587651645327
Mathematics is viewed by many students as one of the most complex subjects and considered one of the main responsible for school failure. No one knows for sure at what time learning difficulties beginning to emerge, but among them there are the difficulties in fractions. Some studies have shown that deaf or low-hearing children have greater difficulty in understanding mathematical concepts than hearing children. The aim of this study was to investigate fraction learning in three sign language user deaf children and three hearing children, all without prior knowledge of fractions, using the computerized procedure of matching-to-sample (MTS) based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm. It was taught relations between fractions, represented as ratios of two quantities, and pictures (relations AB) and between fractions and decimal numbers (relations AC), followed by symmetry (BA and CA), transitivity (BC and CB) and generalization (the use of fractions with manipulable materials) tests. It has also been conducted a test to verify the formation of three major classes taking the decimal number (Set C) as node. The independent variable was the teaching procedure of conditional relations AB and AC and the dependent variable was the performance of children in the conditional relations. The results indicated learning of trained relations and the emergence of novel relations. All participants generalized the learned repertoire. The performances of the participants were similar, especially in the equivalence and generalization tests, allowing one to infer that deaf and hearing participants may reach the same repertoires and, sometimes, for the same repertoires, the same kind of procedure is sufficient for the two types of participants.
O discurso do bem-estar na revista Vida Simples : simplicidade ou sofisticação?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Perfeito, Denise Gasparini; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0937158641873547
This paper aims to investigate the way Vida Simples magazine talks about what we call welfare discourse from an interdiscoursive approach as proposed by Dominique Maingueneau registered under French Discourse Analysis. The analysed material consists of thirteen editions of this magazine: issues published between June and April 2014 and the first issue published in August 2002. Data revealed that with lightness and relaxation, this magazine orients to a life based on /simplicity/, presenting itself in a clean and sophisticated graphic pattern, very different from other magazines with the same profile. Thus, we can observe there is a tension between /simplicity/ and /sophistication/ established in Vida Simples pages. This tension is conditioned by the global semantic that governs the materialized discourse in it as a whole, which gives meaning to what seem unacceptable: welfare is in simplicity and /simplicity/ is a sophisticated acquisition of specific goods that produce an image, a face, an identity. Although this magazine takes an affectionate and amused discursive ethos to refer to a better and not complicated life (since there are pre-built ideas pointing to Contemporaneity as difficult and highly complicated life), we can say this guidance discourse, stimulated by the environment of malaise of Contemporaneity, paradoxically (and constitutively) includes incentives to maintenance of sales market, a cultural characteristic of consumer society.
Detecção e rastreamento de leucócitos em imagens de microscopia intravital via processamento espaçotemporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-19) Silva, Bruno César Gregório da; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2966688106360375
Over the last few years, a large number of researchers have directed their efforts and interests for the in vivo study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the microcirculation of many tissues under different inflammatory conditions. The main goal of these studies is to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nowadays, analysis of the leukocyte-endothelial interactions in small animals is performed by visual assessment from an intravital microscopy image sequences. Besides being time consuming, this procedure may cause visual fatigue of the observer and, therefore, generate false statistics. In this context, this work aims to study and develop computational techniques for the automatic detection and tracking of leukocytes in intravital video microscopy. For that, results from frame to frame processing (2D – spatial analysis) will be combined with those from the three-dimensional analysis (3D=2D+t – spatio-temporal analysis) of the volume formed by stacking the video frames. The main technique addressed for both processings is based on the analysis of the eigenvalues of the local Hessian matrix. While the 2D image processing aims the leukocyte detection without worrying about their tracking, 2D+t processing is intended to assist on the dynamic analysis of cell movement (tracking), being able to predict cell movements in cases of occlusion, for example. In this work we used intravital video microscopy obtained from a study of Multiple Sclerosis in mice. Noise reduction and registration techniques comprise the preprocessing step. In addition, techniques for the analysis and definition of cellular pathways comprise the post processing step. Results of 2D and 2D+t processing steps, compared with conventional visual analysis, have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach.