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O ato performático da reestruturação: dissonâncias entre o discurso e os resultados em um estudo de caso brasileiro sobre financeirização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Benatti, Glauco; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7972723356150973
This paper presents a case study on the restructuring process of a Brazilian operation of a century-old Fortune 500 American multinational manufacturer of industrial equipment. The focus of the work lies with the dissonance between discourse and the result of that process, raising the hypothesis that capital market pressure is behind such restructuring. The annual reports of this company portray the restructuring as a recurring corporate strategy, through which the company seeks to boost confidence in the capital market itself and its ability to deliver better results (or reverse bad ones) without, however, such results are achieved in fact, as this case study aims to show. This institutional literature proved to be a flagship tool company speech aimed at telling the actors of the capital market, stories about the strategies set in motion in defense of the interests of shareholders. The examination of such documents for this case study revealed that these strategies unfold in sometimes more tangible actions, sometimes more performing ones and, while restructuring proved to be more performing actions; the strategy of acquisitions / divestiments in series proved to be the most tangible ones.
Detecção de agrupamento de microcalcificações em imagens de mamogramas digitalizados usando a transformada wavelet complexa de árvore dupla
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Sá, Amandia de Oliveira; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1864952988214269
Mammography is considered the “gold standard"in the early detection of breast cancer, being this disease one of the greatest health problems of women worldwide. Clustered microcalcifications detected on mammograms are very important findings in asymptomatic patients with early breast cancer and may be considered one of the first signs of malignancy. However, due to the small size of these structures, associated with the visual fatigue of radiologists resulting from the analysis of a large volume of images, clinical studies indicate that from 10 to 30% of microcalcifications presented in mammograms are lost during diagnosis. Within this scenario, this master thesis aims to develop an automatic system for the detection of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammography images. To solve this problem, we use the transformed dua-three complex wavelet to detect the microcalsifications since this technique has some important characteristics for the signal analysis, for instance, good directional selectivity, approximate shift invariance and it provides both information - magnitude and phase. After the detection of isolated microcalcifications, a post-processing step is used to automatically demarcate regions containing clusters of microcalcifications. Furthermore, three techniques were investigated for the analysis of each clustered detection in order to identify false-positive clusters, such as: the Hessian matrix, the groups exclusion and the gray level co-occurrence matrix technique and SVM classifiers. For the development and testing of the algorithms one digitized mammogram database were used. The analysis of the results were performed by using ROC and FROC curves. The method achieved good results when compared to the mark made by experts.
Atributos biológicos da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Guimarães, Nathalia de França; Fontanetti, Anastácia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6049257700772305
The fauna invertebrate epigeic, as well as biomass and microbial activity are shown efficient indicator of soil quality, because they have high sensitivity to changes in the environment. The sensitivity of these biological attributes of the soil plays a fundamental role in the assessment of anthropogenic activities, with a tool to monitor soil quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of the soil, using as biomarkers to epigeic invertebrate fauna, biomass and microbial activity in different coffee cultivation systems. The study was conducted in 2015 at a private estate in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot in time, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of three coffee cultivation systems and two witnesses areas: 1) Coffee in consortium with tree and Urochloa cv. decumbens species; 2) Coffee in consortium with Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Coffee in exclusive culture; 4) area with ground fallow and 5) native vegetation fragment. The bioindicators were evaluated in two periods, the first in April and the second in July 2015. To evaluate the epigeica invertebrate fauna were installed in the center of each area five pitfall traps ("pitfall"), totaling 25 traps. The characterization of epigeica invertebrate animals was made based on the taxonomic composition (%); density (number of individuals); richness (number of groups); Shannon diversity index; evenness index of Pielou. The microbial biomass was evaluated by collecting soil samples at depth 0,0 to 0,10 m. The variables evaluated were: microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and soil organic carbon. It was evaluated also the accumulation of litter (t ha-1) and soil moisture (kg kg- 1). The collection dates only influenced epigeic invertebrate fauna. As for the vii coffee cultivation systems and witnesses influenced all biological attributes of soil quality in this study. The native vegetation fragment system shows the more diverse and more complex plant, and favoured the development of biological attributes soil quality (abundance of organisms on frequency of taxonomic groups, microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and microbial quotient), followed by Coffee wooded and Urochloa cv. decumbens, fallow, Coffee intercropped with Urochloa cv. decumbens, Coffee in exclusive culture.
Aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência em um espaço híbrido de formação : o terceiro espaço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Cardoso, Luciana Cristina; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5598106857926724
This research aimed to analyze the limits and contributions of a hybrid space, the 3rd Space, understood as dialogue environment between students of Pedagogy - of distance learning programs -, experienced Elementary School teachers, mentors of the initial years of Middle School Education and University researchers / academic advisors, aiming at learning the teaching profession and the professional development of teachers. Specifically, the intent was to analyze construction processes of knowledge needed for the exercise of pedagogical practices in varied school contexts; to understand how knowledge and skills are integrated, providing the knowledge base for teaching; and to understand if a hybrid space supports the articulation of knowledge of various natures in favor of learning the teaching profession. The theoretical framework comprised: initial and continuing teacher training; learning the teaching profession and professional development; knowledge base; university-school partnership; hybrid spaces of training and written narratives, their main authors being Veenman, Shulman, Cavaco, Garcia, Mizukami, Zeichner, Vaughan, Penã and Allegretti. A constructive-collaborative approach was used (COLE; KNOWLES, 2003) for research and intervention. The data collection instruments were written narratives (VAZ; MENDES; MAUÉS, 2001) prepared by the participants, and the analysis took place in a procedural manner, based on the knowledge model for teaching as a main reference (SHULMAN, 1987, 2005), and the profession and professional teaching as categories that are both complementary and revealing of the specifics of the teacher's work (NÓVOA, 1999; CONTRERAS, 2002; ROLDÃO, 2007). The in-depth analyses were made from the study of multiple cases (EZPELETA, 1984; LUDKE; ANDRÉ 1986; MAZZOTTI, 2006), arising from professional apprenticeships of teaching three dyads (mentor / undergraduate student), one of which is active in the Early Years of Middle School, and the other two in Elementary School. Analyses indicated that learning to teach and being a teacher are processes that are enhanced throughout life, highly influenced by previous experiences - be they formal or informal - related to the teaching profession and the specific contexts of action. It was suggested that the formative demand for the teaching practice for Elementary School and Early Years of Middle School focused on the process involving the mastery of general pedagogical knowledge. Additionally, little ability to plan educational interventions consistent with the needs of children was identified, even when dealing with experienced teachers. As a training space, the virtual learning environment (VLE) created with the development of research and called 3rd Space revealed itself as a viable tool for the articulation between the knowledge derived from their participants (mentors, undergraduate students and researchers / academic advisors) and for strengthening the links between the university and teachers' work reality. While articulating relations between theory and practice, the hybrid space potentiated the reflective exercise, especially in the case of undergraduate students; however, it faced some difficulties due to the exclusive use of written narratives, predominantly in the case of experienced teachers (mentors).
Idosos cuidadores de idosos em arranjos familiares com e sem a presença de crianças : sobrecarga, otimismo e estratégias de enfrentamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Oliveira, Nathalia Alves de; Inouye, Keika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558935747100052; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2526565658961846
Changes in socio-cultural profiles added to increasing number in the elderly population have favored the formation of new family compositions in the presence of elderly and children. In this context the elderly has become known for taking care for other elderly and children. This new configuration that has the elderly protagonist can take to an excess of competing demands and induce burden, on contrary, the child's presence can increase positive feelings such as optimism and assist in the choice of coping strategies. This study aimed to compare the level of burden, optimism and coping strategies of elderly caregivers of elderly residing with and without the presence of children. The study was based on the quantitative method of research and all ethical guidelines were followed. There were interviewed 301caregivers elderly registered in the Family Health Units in a municipality in São Paulo state. The instruments used were: Scale independence in activities of daily living Katz; Scale of instrumental activities of daily living Lawton; Socio-demographic characterization of the child; Sociodemographic and of care of elderly receivers care, sociodemographic and health conditions of the elderly caregiver, Zarit Burden Intervew, Pinto Spirituality Scale and Pais-Ribeiro and Inventory to assess coping strategies. For data analysis elderly caregivers were divided into two groups G1 (residing without children) and G2 (living with children). The results show that most of the children were male (52.6%) with a mean age of six. Among elderly caregivers in both groups there was prevalence of woman (G1 = 74.3%; G2 = 81.8%), the median age in G1 was 69 years and 65.5 years in G2. Among the elderly care recepients, most were male (66.9% G1 = G2 = 77.3%) with a median age of 73 years in G1 and 69 years in G2. Elderly caregivers in G2 showed significantly higher level of burden compared to G1 (p = 0.01). The level optimism was high for both groups and there were no significant differences between them. In the analysis of coping strategies elderly caregivers in G1 reported using more focused strategies in the expression of negative emotions (p <0.01), religiosity (p = 0.01) and inhibition of negative emotions (p = 0.01) compared to G2. The results reveal important data that contribute the valiation of the elderly caregiver in an intergenerational context and can support the planning of interventions for caregivers in primary care settings.
Melkor, o inimigo do mundo : a constituição do vilão em o Silmarillion de J. R. R. Tolkien
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Rufo, Alline Duarte; Miotello, Valdemir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2109264727903592
Fatores associados à esperança de idosos cuidadores de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Souza, Érica Nestor; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6550835128149773
The longevity associated with chronic degenerative health problems, contributes to the increase of older people with functional limitations, disabilities and the need for care. The role of caregiver can trigger a series of impacts on the physical and mental health. However, hope can be psychosocial feature of these caregivers to deal with the difficulties on the experience of care. The objective this study is identify factors associated with the hope of elderly caregivers of elderly. This is a quantitative study, descriptive and crosssectional. The sample consisted of 301 subjects who played role of caregivers registered in the Family Health Units in a city in São Paulo state. Data were collected through individual interviews, using the following instruments: Characterization of the Subjects; Herth Hope Index (HHI); Pinto Pais - Ribeiro Spirituality Scale (PP-RSS); Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); Evaluation of Fragility; Perceived Stress Scale; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Inventory of Coping Strategies; Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). Analyses were performed using multivariate statistics (multinomial logistic regression). The results showed that the mean score of EEH was 40.9 (± 5.4). As for PP-RSS, mean the belief domains and hope / optimism were 3.85 and 3.39, respectively. The most widely used coping strategy was "the expression of negative emotions", averaging 19.8 points. In GDS, the majority (77.8%) had no depressive symptoms. As for the perceived stress, the average score was 19.0 points. In the MMSE, the majority (61%) showed evidence of cognitive impairment. The average obtained in the ZBI was 17.9 and in the evaluation of fragility, the majority (56.8%) was pre-fragile. With regard to factors associated with hope, according to the regression model were: spirituality, stress, old age, caregiver without income, not receive help affective / emotional and care for 6- 10 hours a day. Therefore highlights the need for public policies and care actions to these elderly caregivers elderly, as well as interventions aimed at stimulating hope with emphasis in the associated factors identified.
Alcance manual e nível de controle de tronco de lactentes entre 6 e 9 meses de idade : estudo observacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Greco, Ana Luiza Righetto; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8178156391245721
Aims: Identify the level of trunk control (Study 1) and relationship the level of trunk control with the reaching (Study 2) in infants at 6 and 9 months of age. Method: This is an observaciotinal and cross-sectional study. Fifty five healthy infants at 6 – 9 months of age were assessed in Study 1 and thirty one healthy infants were assessed in Study 2. The level of trunk control was assessed by Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo). The motor development was assessed by Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). The reaching was assessed by kinematic analysis. During this assessment, the infants were seated in a baby chair reclined. A toy was presented at his/her midline within reaching distance for 2 minutes. The variables analyzed were: frequency uni and bimanual, trunk of support frequency in the chair, grasping and trunk control level, and kinematic variables: movement duration, peak velocity, mean velocity, deceleration index and movements units. Results: Study 1: There was a significant difference among ages 6 to 8 months (p = 0.001), 6 and 9 months (p = 0.000), 7 and 8 months (p = 0.002), and 7 to 9 months (p = 0.001). Study 2: There was no relationship between the kinematic parameters and trunk control levels at each age. There was a higher frequency with an trunk support for the infants at 6 and 7 months old. At 8 and 9 months, there was a higher frequency ranges performed without trunk support. However, there was not relationship between the trunk control level shown by SATCo and the trunk support in the chair during performance reaching for any age. Conclusion: The infants at 6 and 7 months of age had trunk control in the thoracic level while at 8 and 9 months, infants had full control trunk. Furthermore, it is suggested that the trunk control level is not related with reaching in typical infants aged between six and nine months, possibly because this infants had sufficient trunk control to carry out reaching movements. The infants used medium or no trunk support in the chair of assessment during the carry out reaching movements.
Histórias da educação especial produzidas a partir de matérias publicadas em jornal paulista : 1997- 2004
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Santos, Keisyani da Silva; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9429520073186592
In the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century, with the advent of international policies for Inclusive Education, Brazilian Special Education outlines new directions for its history. In this period, significant changes in the conduct of educational policies for the targeted audience of Special Education students began to occur throughout the country. Given the organizational structure of Brazilian education, the role of states and municipalities were, and are extremely important for the effectiveness of national guidelines. Considering the context of substantial changes, this study aimed to analyze and retell the stories of Special Education in São Paulo [re] produced in the printed newspaper "O Estado de São Paulo", from 1997 to 2004. More specifically, the objective is to: identify and analyze the themes and characters related to special education, more frequent in the texts conveyed by the newspaper; analyze the design disseminated by the newspaper on Special Education and its target audience; and relate the content of the articles with educational policies for the target audience of Special Education. It was adopted as reference the conception of history and of historical production proposed by the Annales school, which breaks with the tradition of factual history, great heroes and ultimate truths, based on written records and especially on official documents. The documentary corpus consisted of texts published in the printed newspaper "O Estado de S. Paulo" in the period of 1997-2004, which were given at least a descriptor related to educational references in Special Education, previously established. Data were collected in the official site collection of the newspaper "O Estado de S. Paulo" through image capture, stored and organized in a digital database. About 5,844 articles were examined, from January 1997 to December 2004. The content analysis was made with the help of Atlas.ti software. The first analysis step was to filter the text with a focus on education. In the second, the texts were categorized based on the analysis axes: scope, condition, character, theme and relationship with educational policies. In the third one, the analysis was performed through the calculation of the frequency, absolute and cumulative, and content c-coefficient of co-occurrence of the analysis categories. Finally, in the fourth stage, stories of the Special Education in São Paulo were rescued, based on articles published in the newspaper "O Estado de S. Paulo". In all, 698 texts were selected for analysis. The results show that among the groups that comprise the target audience of Special Education, the condition of deficiency was the most discussed, with emphasis on the use of generic terms. The most frequently mentioned topics were school inclusion (n = 72) and philanthropy (n = 57), and the characters more often cited were special institutions (n = 168) and special school (n = 65). Several links between themes and characters were also found. By rescuing some stories we could identify an increase in the number of Special Education targeted students enrollment in regular education, successful experiences of school inclusion, the role of specialized institutions in school inclusion times, the need for restructuring of the educational system for the effectuation of the proposed inclusive education and how educational policies were translated in the field, as well as their relationship with the stories rescued.
Peculiaridades do exercício da função autor em redes sociais : uma análise discursiva de “mensagens compartilhadas” pelo Facebook
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Rosin, Pâmela da Silva; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5846619832430283
This dissertation derives from the continuation of reflections started in previous researches (scientific initiation and term paper), when we use the discursive analysis of a “new” type of text, formed by short phrases published in social networks, such as Facebook. Those phrases present a particular formal structure, and their meanings play different roles in virtual interaction. We designate those “phrases” circling in the virtual environment, which are selected, highlighted, and have images added to help build a universal text, as shared messages. We focus, at this master’s research, therefore, to the analysis of constitution and sharing practices of some messages with pieces of text from books and interviews, which enunciation are related to contemporary literary authors renowned in Brazil – like Caio Fernando Abreu and Clarice Lispector, and others that although have fewer cultural prestige, show a wide renown between groups of young readers, i.e. Tati Bernardi. This way, our corpus is made of messages from three sharing pages: O Mundo De Caio Fernando Abreu e Clarice Lispector; Caio, Tati e Clarice o que me diz; and Trechos de Livros. All these pages dedicate to publish messages related to the authors in their names or that present a collection of pieces of text from various recent published books, from which is common posting messages with authorship given to Caio Fernando Abreu and Clarice Lispector, specifically. In this dissertation, evidences of how the authorship works along with the construction and sharing of those messages are analyzed, through a formal analysis of them, as well as an analysis of the readers’ comments about the authorship, under the theoretical-methodological perspective of two contemporary theories that allow us to study the question of reading: the french Discourse Analysis, and specially the theories from works of Michel Foucault about the “author function”; and the Cultural History of reading, mainly about the works of Roger Chartier about reading actually – theories that, in their articulation, allow us to list permanencies and mutations through which our actual reading practices go. We observe that, although recent, the production and sharing of those speeches are submitted to an authorship working mechanism relatively similar to printed order. About the readers’ comments, we notice two speaking forms: one that copy, in a certain way, the form and content expressed by the messages, applying aspects of the “poetic function”, at the author’s style at expressing its impressions about the message; and another one that focuses on questioning the authorship of those speeches, citing the original sources of the texts, or questioning and recognizing vestiges that allow the identification of a correct authorship attribution in those messages. This way, we can analyze some characteristics of this new reader’s/author’s profile that emerge with the creation and diffusion of new technologies.
A emergência de propostas de regulação da mídia no Brasil : uma análise do discurso político midiatizado pela Folha de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Santos, Wilson Ricardo Barbosa dos; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0028226372069896
En los grandes medios brasileños, textos que tratan la emergencia de propuestas de regulación de los propios medios circulan bajo diferentes modalidades enunciativas. En un trabajo anterior (SANTOS, 2013), hemos podido constatar que esta discusión aparece a partir de dichos primeros como controle social da mídia, regulação da mídia, democratização da mídia, regulação econômica da mídia, entre otros. De esta manera, se materializa un conflicto que respecta sentidos acerca de la libertad democrática y una potencial censura, lo que es discutido masivamente por los discursos mediáticos, importantes lugares para que hoy reflexionemos sobre nuestra sociedad, precisamente porque es en este ámbito que tales políticas son tratadas. En la discusión que respecta la necesidad o no de regulación, se construye discursivamente una lucha por la libertad de expresión y por la atribución del derecho de establecer separaciones entre lo que es o no decible. Luego, la emergencia de estos dichos apunta para espesas polémicas entre sectores políticos y enunciadores de los grandes medios, que son bases primordiales para nuestra reflexión: luego, ¿estaríamos delante de una propuesta de control o de un intento de censura, considerados tales embates? En nuestra filiación al Análisis de Discurso francés, sobre todo al reflexionar acerca de la contribución foucaultiana a la disciplina, somos motivados, antes de todo, por la descripción de las condiciones de emergencia de estos dichos en nuestra sociedad. Su valor de verdad, finalmente, nos interesa cuando es dictado, comentado y estabilizado en el corpus por nosotros congregado alrededor de la concepción de archivo, sea por periodistas, grupos políticos o por la FSP como una institución mediática ya bien asentada en el mercado brasileño. La noción de archivo, así, basada en Foucault, nos muestra aspectos de lo que puede ser dicho, considerando el sistema que gobierna el aparecimiento de los enunciados como acontecimientos singulares. En este sentido, la posibilidad de retorno de sentidos sobre censura, asociados a la dictadura militar de antaño, es un dato importante. De esta manera, tomamos como objeto de investigación la circulación realizada acerca del tema por la FSP de enero/2010 a enero/2015 en su versión digital (www.folha.com.br/fsp), centrándonos sobre todo en los dos últimos embates electorales presidenciales. Al analizar este acontecimiento de corta duración, el objetivo central de este trabajo es verificar como la cuestión ha sido tratada en el embate político-partidario brasileño alrededor de la emergencia de estos dichos por la FSP, teniendo como objetivos específicos i) mostrar algunos de los recursos lingüístico-discursivos de que este medio se valió para construir posiciones enunciativas y ii) analizar los deslizamientos de sentido que estos enunciados realizaron en este intervalo. Los resultados obtenidos indican la estabilidad de una posición contraria a la regulación de los medios en los textos de la FSP, que se realiza también a partir de matices en la formulación de posiciones favorables; así, frecuentemente se contesta la necesidad de tales medidas. También, el análisis de los comentarios sobre los dichos primeros que se han realizado para establecer las propuestas y de las imágenes que emergieron cuando hubo este tratamiento nos permitió observar un trayecto de deslizamientos metafóricos que se realizaron cuando tales enunciados circularon en la FSP, asociados mayoritariamente a la posibilidad de que hubiera, de hecho, censura de los medios. Estos desplazamientos ocurrieron a partir de la tensión entre formaciones discursivas, que actuaron en el delicado embate entre la necesidad del control y el conflicto realizado por el retorno de sentidos asociados a la censura, regularidades cuyas fronteras estuvieron en constante movimiento.
Os limites das políticas públicas/estatais para o campo hoje e a possibilidade de uma superação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Goldschmidt, Mírian Helena; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0639221738772076
What are public / state policies? What is the necessary understanding to think public / state policies for rural education? What is rural? What is urban? What criteria to use to conceptualize what is rural and what is urban? What questions are appropriate for this debate? To answer these questions, this paper aims to study public / state policies and, therefore define what state and its actions to play as such and also submit that rural and urban, far from being just geographical areas are different social content, but are not watertight and not dichotomous, on the contrary, to be able to grasp all of its contents, you must understand their relationship as a complex, as a continuity. The rural and urban reproduce a concrete social reality, are part of the same society. From this idea, thinking the continuity of relations, a complex, between rural and urban, we need to rethink public / state policies developed educational, surpassing the idea of dichotomy, simple separation between these spaces. That is, if they are not watertight spaces that can not be thought of separately, so the public / state policies should be developed articulately. Affirm this need for joint, is not discount that rural and urban have their specificities, but it is understood that these are only felt in full, as are parts of the same society, unlike the Field of Education points. Likewise takes education as public / state policies must be universal and meet the whole of society. literature on the subject and document analysis was conducted from a historical materialist perspective.
Redução do torque concêntrico e isométrico de joelho e tornozelo em indivíduos diabéticos não é dependente da presença de polineuropatia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Ferreira, Jean de Paula; Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206; Sartor, Cristina Dallemole; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085566363801137; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8085566363801137; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404427274731262
Contextualization: The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an epidemic disease in the world and stay associated with right index of morbidity and mortality and about 90% of cases of DM are type 2 (DM2). DM2 develop by inflammatory mechanisms carrying the insulin resistance and consecutively blond hyperglycemia. Believes that in chronic stages the diabetes causes musculoskeletal dysfunctions can be related to inflammatory and metabolic alterations of the DM2 or with diabetic polyneuropathy. Some studies identified the musculoskeletal alteration in diabetic subjects. However not is clearly if the polyneuropathy cause muscle alteration proportionality sensitive alterations. Also weren’t observed studies that analyzed the torque in subjects with DM2, considering others factors that could influence the muscle torque production and also not were observed studies analyzing the torque in diabetic subjects during different types of contractions (concentric, eccentric and isometric). Objectives: The aim of the present study were analyze the torque at concentric eccentric and isometric muscle contractions in diabetic subject with and without polyneuropathy comparing with a control groups. Methods: The peak torques of flexion and extension were acquired using an isokinetic dynamometer, in sitting position. During concentric and eccentric contractions, the joint speed was set at 60°/s. Five maximal voluntary contractions were acquired for concentric and eccentric and 2 for isometric, with a rest interval of 1.5 minutes. The sequence of the tests was randomized and verbal and visual feedback were standardized and delivered to all subjects by the same person. Three groups of adult males were selected for this study (1) Control group (healthy non-diabetic patients, n=33), (2) Diabetic group (patients with diabetes mellitus without polyneuropathy, n=31), (3) Neuropathic group (patients with diabetic polyneuropathy, n=28). The Neuropathic group was defined according to a fuzzy model of signs and symptoms. Differences between groups were calculated with one way ANOVA for parametric knee variables (α of 5%) and Mann Whitney and Willcoxon for non-parametric ankle variables (adjusted α of 1.6%). To describe effect sizes, Hedges’ g was calculated. Results: Irrespective of polyneuropathy, both diabetic groups presented lower peak torques of knee and ankle, both for isometric contraction and for concentric flexion and extension. Other factors beside the polyneuropathy and early in the diabetes onset, may be influencing in the muscle strength production. The eccentric contraction was not different between any groups.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sensores eletroquímicos modificados com meso-tetra-(2-tienil)- porfirinato de cobre (II) para a determinação de dopamina em amostras biológicas sintéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Fava, Elson Luiz; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0721522437095061
In this work, was built gold (Au) and glassy carbon (GC) electrochemical sensors modified with cooper (II) meso-tetra-(2-thienyl)-porphyrinate ([Cu(II)TThP]) and the GC modified electrode was applied for dopamine determination. For this, they where evaluated the gold electrode and glassy carbon electrode as substract and for electrode modification, was studied the drop coating (for gold electrode) and oxidative electropolymerization (for both electrodes) procedures. Studies based on the use of gold electrode did not obtain satisfactory results, however, the search for the optimization of an appropriate modification procedure led to studies on the electronic properties and electrochemical of [Cu(II)TThP]. Thus, studies were made of the redox processes of this compound by cyclic voltammetry, using molecules with similar groups for comparison and subsequent allocation of anodic and cathodic peak obtained for [Cu(II)TThP]. In addition, it performed tests by spectrophotometry UV-Visible for the compounds used in the electrochemical assay, thus knowing the electronic contribution of the complexed metal of the porphyrin ring and thiophene groups. Thus, electropolymerization of [Cu(II)TThP] on the glassy carbon electrode was carried out using the technique of cyclic voltammetry, monitoring the formation of layers of poly-[Cu(II)TThP] using the observed current increment done every cycle. The formation of the polymer film on the glassy carbon electrode was confirmed by morphological characterization studies, obtaining images by electron microscopy high resolution scan and Raman spectroscopy. From Cyclic voltammetry studies conducted to dopamine, one constant high heterogeneous electron transfer was diagnosed (2.73 × 10−3 cm s−1) for the poli-[Cu(II)TThP] electrode, where compared with glassy carbon electrode (3.53 × 10−4 cm s−1) showing good electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor. Then, volumetric methods for the determination of dopamine was developed. Using the square wave voltammetry technique (SWV) under optimized conditions, the analytical curves for dopamine was linear in the range of 0.0575 to 4.091 μmol L−1, with a 40.9 nmol L−1 for limit of detection. The proposed voltammetric procedure was efficiently applied to determine dopamine synthetic biological samples (urine and human serum).
Responder por exclusão envolvendo relações palavra-objeto e palavra-ação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Gallano, Tamiris Poletini; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4831695575141403
Responding by exclusion is defined, in conditional discriminations tasks, as the immediate selection of a new stimulus, among other known stimuli, when a new sample stimulus is presented. Responding by exclusion is usually investigated by using nameobject relations as a baseline. However, generalization data of this behavior pattern to other classes of words, such as verbs, are scarce. This study investigated exclusion responding and learning of word-object (nouns) and word-action (verbs) relations in children aged 24 to 29 months. The presentation order of conditions (Noun or Verb) was counterbalanced across participants. After one, four, seven and 10 exclusion trials learning probes were presented. Results showed that baseline training for the Verb condition required a higher number of trials compared to the Noun condition. On the first exclusion probe, participants consistently selected the new stimulus, although greater variability was observed for the Verb condition. Only one participant showed positive outcomes on the learning probes, for one of the relations of the Noun condition. The study replicated previous findings on exclusion responding using nouns and extended it to name-action (verb) relations and to children aged about two years. The data points to the existence of different levels of learning and the need for a clear specification of how to measure learning outcomes of exclusion responding.
Annona Mucosa (Annonaceae) para o controle de pragas: estudo fitoquímico biomonitorado, síntese de mímicos e desenvolvimento de processos de nanoencapsulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Bicalho, Keylla Utherdyany; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0179945153931179
Annona mucosa (ANNONACEAE) https://repositorio.ufscar.br/FOR PESTS CONTROL: BIOASSAY-GUIDED PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY, SYNTHESIS OF MIMICS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NANOENCAPSULATION PROCESSES – The agriculture is one of the major drivers of Brazilian GDP. However, several losses have occurred during the agricultural productive process, especially the pest attack. Currently, leaf-cutting ants and the maize weevil have caused great economics losses and are hard to control. One alternative for these pests control is searching on nature for novel compounds with insecticide and fungicide potential. In this perspective, the first part of this work was the biassay-guided phytochemical study of Annona mucosa, searching for novel compounds with these properties. From the vegetal parts crude extracts, was verified great insecticide and fungicide potentials for its fractions. The phytochemical study of leaves and seeds crude extracts resulted on the isolation and identification of 11 secondary metabolites, 3 lignans, 4 acetogenins and 4 flavonoids, and confirmed the biological potential of these substances. Acetogenins are derived from fatty acid and are characterized by the presence of two main cores, diol-THF group and a α,β- unsaturated-γ-lactone separated by an alkyl chain. Several researches aiming the acetogenins mimics total synthesis, with simplified structures, but keeping the biologically important functionalities, have been developed. Based on this idea, the second part of this work aimed the total synthesis of rolliniastatin-1 mimics, major acetogenin on the A. mucosa chemical composition. A complete synthetic route with 12 steps was developed in order to get the polyether mimics. Although, only one complete mimic was synthesized, the synthetic rout was completely established and a new simple methodology of sequential vinyl ether exchange-Claisen Rearrangement was employed for the synthesis of γ,δ–unsaturated aldehydes. Besides, the key step, the oxidative cyclization, reaction for treo-cis-treo THF ring formation, was optimized by its yields and stereoselectivity. In the quest for developing new technologies for bioactive compounds application, the nanoencapsulaiton is a technique that results in controlled release systems of these substances and can be applied in several fields. In this way, the last part of this work was about the formulation development and improvement of process and parameters for the nanoencapsulation of the furofuranic lignan sesamin. To achieve that, a 23 factorial design was performed, where were evaluated the effect of the independent variables (type and amount of polymer and amount of oil) on the nanoparticles physical-chemistry characteristics and on the trapping, recovery and release rates. The biopolymers poly- ε-caprolactone and lignin were employed and colloidal suspensions of nanocapsules and nanospheres were prepared. The results from the factorial design proved the efficiency of both biopolymers and the best nanoformulation was the nanospheres suspension produced with 100 mg of lignina (NF3). The wide availability of lignin, which is an industrial residue, its non-toxicity to the environment and the technological application reported make this biopolymer a great potential for use in agricultural field.
Caracterização dos facilitadores para criação de resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos : um estudo de caso a partir das atividades da logística inbound
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Costa, Flávio Henrique de Oliveira; Silva, Andrea Lago da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380499339281186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4268252162111647
Nowadays supply chains have grown in size and complexity. In this environment, unforeseen events (ruptures) in the flow of goods, services or information can occur unexpectedly, having increasingly significant impacts on companies. Resilience is defined as the ability to prepare, adapt and react to ruptures, thus maintaining operations connected and having control over the structure and functions. Considering this, the activities carried out by inbound logistics may influence creating resilience in the supply chain, mainly by including the flow of materials and supplying the company, which are activities directly affected during the ruptures. However, little is known about how the inbound logistics contribute to creating resilience. Taking this into account, the aim of this study is to identify which resilience enablers there are and how inbound logistics use them to create supply chain resilience. A systematic literature review of resilience and inbound logistics, followed by content analysis defined what the activities of inbound logistics are, which resilience enablers there are in the supply chain and also defined how the activities make use of the enablers. In the next step of the research, a multiple case study of 2 Brazilian dairies was performed. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted using the QDA Miner software. Case-by-case and cross-case analyses were carried out, observing how different types of rupture can influence the enablers used. Thus, the resilience enablers present in cases were highlighted, and the activities that use them were defined, localized facilitators were, reacting speed, collaboration, communication, supply chain structure, flexibility, risk management, product innovation, contingency planning, redundancy, company's financial health, security technology, cross-functional groups, knowledge management, visibility and supplier quality. Knowledge about the relationship between them enables the companies studied to manage their resources more profitably and extend these practices to their suppliers. It should also be mentioned that the companies studied operate with low inventory levels, therefore other companies in the same situation can use the knowledge gained from this research to administer facilitators in order to recover from ruptures.
Escritura e morte na poética de Sylvia Plath
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Saska, Jenifer Evelyn; Santos, Alcides Cardoso dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1331980025109350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922635072645002
Sylvia Plath is a North-American writer recognized for her modern confessional poetry, especially after the posthumous publication of Ariel (1965). In the present study the main aspects of her work and her literary legacy were discussed – such as the confessional mode of her poetry, as well as the mythological, historical and social references – in order to finally analyze Plath's relation with death, which she developed by creating unique imagery and themes in her poems and by means of an experience with writing itself. Such relations are discussed in the last chapter in which some poems of the original manuscript of Ariel were analyzed, such as "Lady Lazarus", "Cut" and "Fever 103º". The proposed reflections are based essentially on the theoretical works of Maurice Blanchot, Octavio Paz and Roland Barthes. This paper suggests that death in Plath's poetics can be considered a creative force, a movement that enfolds in its space of tensions the inseparable relation between life and death or, in other words, an ambiguous movement, a cycle that never begins and never ends, a dismissal of boundaries. Therefore, death is a fundamental experience to the author, whom must constantly annihilate himself as a being in order to give form and existence to the artistic work.
Conservação a longo prazo de grãos de pólen de Paspalum notatum Flüggé visando o uso de espécies de florescimento assíncrono em programas de melhoramento genético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Dinato, Naiana Barbosa; Fávero, Alessandra Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329892306148506; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9657335561395544
Paspalum is the most important genus of Poaceae family in the Americas, with about 330 species and occurs throughout Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. In Brazil, except for the Pampa Biome, the use of species of this genus as a cultivated forage is still very small. Species of the informal group Plicatula are among the most promising Paspalum genotypes for forage quality. The majority of Paspalum accessions is tetraploid and apomitic. The sexual cytotypes are rare in the Plicatula group. To add features located in different accessions, it is necessary to cross sexual species in tetraploid level with apomictic genotypes that are interesting to breeding programs and select those that have better agronomic characteristics. For the occurence of hybridization, the flowering synchronization betwemn parents is essencial. An interesting tool for this is the cryopreservation of pollen. P. notatum, popularly known as bahiagrass, is a species from Notata group and is widely used in the United States as forage. Diploid and tetraploid accessions are observed in this species and, it is easy to obtain large amounts of pollen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cryopreservation of pollen of P. notatum, as a model for future conservation and synchronization of flowering of other species that are interesting for breeding program. The P. notatum pollen grains were collected in the field at Embrapa Southeast Livestock. Four dehydrating agents were tested (LiCl, MgCl2, NaOH and Silica gel) with three distinct periods of exposion (30, 60 and 120 minutes). After slow thawing, pollen grains were evaluated for viability by staining with tetrazolium solution 0.25% and in vivo germination by fluorescence. The viability of fresh pollen grains was also evaluated as a control. For comparison, pollen grains were stored in freezer and refrigerator conditions for a period of 10, 60, 120 and 180 days. The data showed that the dehydration of Paspalum notatum pollen with lithium chloride during 30 minutes and silica gel during 120 minutes was adequated for the conservation in liquid nitrogen and freezer as the viability of pollen after this treatment remained equal to the control. The pollen preservation in the refrigerator without dehydration since 10 days may be an alternative for short-term storage situations. Dehydration results with dehydrated magnesium chloride for 30 and 60 minutes and dehydrated sodium hydroxide for 60 and 120 9 minutes were also statistically similar to the control. The use of the tetrazolium sollution and in vivo germination were an effective technique to evaluate the viability of pollen grains after liquid nitrogen conservation. The use of tetrazolium was also efficient for the evaluation of pollen grains after storage in freezer and refrigerator.
Cromossomos B no gênero Partamona (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) : ocorrência, transmissão e origem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-26) Machado, Diana de Paula; Del Lama, Marco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5418191881062383
Partamona (Schwarz, 1939) is a stingless bee genus which has as an interesting trait, the presence of B chromosomes in some species. These chromosomes were identified in six closely related species so far, all included in the cupira group, except P. helleri, which has an uncertain position in Partamona phylogeny, but it is possibly related to this group. We analyzed 894 colonies from 128 locations of thirteen species, using a SCAR marker specific for Partamona B chromosomes. The results enabled an increase in knowledge about species number with supernumerary chromosomes in this genus, including species from the pearsoni clade. The high number of colonies analyzed allowed to set the B chromosomes frequency on carrier species. A significant positive correlation between latitude and B chromosomes frequency was found in P. helleri, with higher frequency in north decreasing towards the south of the species distribution. The B chromosome transmission rate was estimated for three species that showed the highest frequencies of these chromosomes (P. helleri, P. cupira and P. rustica). The result was as expected for a regular meiotic behavior, which queens with one supernumerary chromosome have 50% chance to transfer the B chromosome to the offspring, suggesting an absence drive in these species. The Sequences obtained using SCAR primers had high quality and were different from those previously reported in another studies, showing no undefined sites, indicating greater effectiveness for sequencing using the internal primers designed in our laboratory. The comparison between obtained sequences revealed a high similarity between species, with only two haplotypes and no intraspecific differences, suggesting a single origin for Partamona B chromosomes. The sequence obtained for P. helleri was different from that obtained for the cupira clade species, suggesting that P. helleri did not transmit the B chromosomes to the other species, as previously suggested. The high frequency in some species and the presence in the pearsoni clade suggest a more complex 4 evolutionary history and an older origin than previously thought for Partamona B chromosomes.