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Metodologia para avaliação do desempenho de tintas para decoração digital de revestimentos cerâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Lot, Ana Virgínia
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Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
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Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6858434120598252
Brazil plays an important role in the consumption and production of ceramic tiles nowadays. The decoration of tiles by digital inkjet printing, due to its technical and aesthetic advantages, is a spreading technology and has already been adopted in the national industry. Ink sets acquired from different manufacturers differ in their extension behavior on the ceramic surface, in the definition of the printed pattern, in the range of printable colors, and in the ink yield, square meters of a same decoration that can be printed for unit volume of ink. Due to the peculiarities of this technology, there is still no methodology for evaluating the performance of the inks and there is very little published on this topic. This paper proposes a methodology for a comparative evaluation of the performance of industrial inks, aiming to help in the selection of these inputs by ceramic tiles producers. Drops of the evaluated inks were applied on a defined ceramic substrate. The colorimetric behavior and the extension of the ink were assessed as indicative parameters of the image quality and yield of the inks. The colorimetric characteristics and the size of the points produced with inks from different suppliers were significantly different for all the four colors of the inks evaluated. For all these colors, the results point to similar conclusions, demonstrating the validity of the method. Some technical characteristics of the inks were studied to identify the reasons for the different behaviors observed. The color differences between inks of different suppliers are explained by the different pigment phases in each composition of ink. The extension of the inks were greatly influenced by its viscosities. The more viscous inks, due to greater difficulty in penetrating the ceramic substrate, expanded more over it.
O projeto de letramento como alternativa para uma aprendizagem significativa no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Freire, Brennda Valléria do Rosário
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8793285817440471
Esta investigación científica tuvo por objetivo general verificar como un proyecto de letramento que prioriza la cultura indígena como eje articulador pudo contribuir para el desarrollo de la escritura de los niños de manera significativa. Por consiguiente, el trabajo se justifica y tiene relevancia a medida que apunta posibilidades de colaboración para el reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural brasilera y del indígena, en el ambiente escolar, al mismo tiempo en que se preocupa por el desarrollo de la escritura de los alumnos, utilizándose de la dinámica de los proyectos de letramento. En beneficio de eso el embasamiento teórico del trabajo permeó, principalmente, la Psicología histórico-cultural de Vygotsky (2012), la Teoría de la Actividad de Leontiev (2012), la propuesta de proyecto de letramento de Kleiman (2007; 2009), y las reflexiones tomadas en los cuadernos del Pacto Nacional por la Alfabetización en la Edad Cierta (PNAIC) y en el grupo LEETRA, que presenta fuerte investigación científica relacionada a cuestiones indígenas. En lo que dice respecto a la metodología, la investigación es colaborativa y sigue el paradigma cualitativo-interpretativo, además de desarrollarse como un estudio de caso. Utilizamos herramientas como diario de campo, dibujos, fotografías y grabaciones de audio para fines de registrar los datos de nuestra investigación. Mediante el análisis de los datos generados, los resultados evidenciaran que el proyecto de letramento contribuye para el desarrollo de la escritura de los niños al preocuparse con la inserción de los alumnos en prácticas sociales de uso de la escritura, en conformidad con la participación activa de los alumnos en el proceso de aprendizaje. Aún dentro de tal dinámica pedagógica del trabajo con diversos géneros textuales es valorado lo que favoreció el desarrollo de las competencias linguísticas de los estudiantes al permitir al niño tener consciencia de su propia actividad como usuario de la lengua. Los datos demuestran también la posibilidad de pensar en el reconocimiento social del indígena, levando para la sala de clase informaciones a respecto de diferentes costumbres de grupos étnicos brasileños, enfatizando el multiculturalismo existente en nuestro país.
Análise de diagnóstico em modelos de regressão ZAGA e ZAIG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Rodrigues, Juliana Scudilio
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Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5189010086005005
Residuals play an important role in checking model adequacy and in the identi cation of outliers and in uential observations. In this paper, we studied two class of residuals for the zero adjusted gamma regression model (ZAGA) and the zero adjusted inverse Gaussian regression model (ZAIG). These classes of residuals are function of a residual for the continuous component of the model and the maximum likelihood estimate of the probability of the observation assuming the zero value. Monte Carlo simulation studies are performed to examine the properties of this class of residuals in both models (ZAGA and ZAIG). Results showed that a residual of one of these class has some similar properties to the standard normal distribution in the studied models. We also described ZAGA and ZAIG regression models, studied properties of some residuals in generalized linear models with response gamma and inverse Gaussian and discussed other aspects of diagnostic analysis in ZAGA and ZAIG models. To nsih, we presented a real dataset application from investment funds of Brazil. We tted the ZAIG model to illustrate the topics discussed and showed the importance of these models and the advantages of one of the studied residuals in the analysis of real dataset.
Mulheres com síndrome de Turner : relação entre atividade física e qualidade de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Duarte, Anne Caroline
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4584302533798757
Analogias e modelagem no ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Paterlini, Norberto Carvalho Rocha
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
We present a discussion about teaching practices, through the organization of courses and the structure of the curriculum, where the formalistic and Cartesian conception of mathematics is incorporated into the teaching of science, used not only as scientific language, but as a model for knowledge organization. The presence of the practice in the classroom is shy and most often used for justification, not for discovery. The overvaluation of the essence of the theories at the expense of its practical effects can ward off the interest of learners and result in the low scientific literacy that we observe the end of the education process. We intend to explore ways of alternative thoughts them the formalist one, and educational practice oriented for challenges, curiosity and discovery.
Construção e aplicação de atlas de pontos salientes 3D na inicialização de modelos geométricos deformáveis em imagens de ressonância magnética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Pinto, Carlos Henrique Villa
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Ferrari, Ricardo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5640504238265370
The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and study of various diseases and syndromes of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to perform the precise diagnosis of a disease, as well as the evolutionary monitoring of a certain treatment, the neuroradiologist doctor often needs to measure and assess volume and shape changes in certain brain structures along a series of MR images. For that, the previous delineation of the structures of interest is necessary. In general, such task is manually done, with limited help from a computer, and therefore it has several problems. For this reason, many researchers have turned their efforts towards the development of automatic techniques for segmentation of brain structures in MR images. Among the various approaches proposed in the literature, techniques based on deformable models and anatomical atlases are among those which present the best results. However, one of the main difficulties in applying geometric deformable models is the initial positioning of the model. Thus, this research aimed to develop an atlas of 3D salient points (automatically detected from a set of MR images) and to investigate the applicability of such atlas in guiding the initial positioning of geometric deformable models representing brain structures, with the purpose of helping the automatic segmentation of such structures in MR images. The processing pipeline included the use of a 3D salient point detector based on the phase congruency measure, an adaptation of the shape contexts technique to create point descriptors and the estimation of a B-spline transform to map pairs of matching points. The results, evaluated using the Jaccard and Dice metrics before and after the model initializations, showed a significant gain in the tests involving synthetically deformed images of normal patients, but for images of clinical patients with AD the gain was marginal and can still be improved in future researches. Some ways to do such improvements are discussed in this work.
Os saltos do “canguru” nos canaviais alagoanos. Um estudo sobre trabalho e saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Verçoza, Lúcio Vasconcellos de
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5426759381802381
This thesis aims to study the working conditions in the sugarcane agribusiness in Alagoas and its effects on workers' health. The issue studied was the analysis of working conditions and health in the face the current situation of sugarcane agribusiness in Alagoas: characterized by productive restructuring and the intensification of work in manual cutting of sugarcane. The increased effort required in this labor activity produces besides the physical, moral and psychological distress. . This thesis is justified to the extent that it aims to complete at least two gaps with regard to health approach to rural workers: the absence of research focusing on the physical health of workers articulated the moral and psychological distress; and the absence of studies on the cane fields of Alagoas that communicate substantially with the research undertaken in the cane fields of Sao Paulo. The main objective of this research was to contribute to the reflections on the causal connection between illness and the cane cutting job. To achieve this scope, field research and interviews were carried out with cane cutters, mill former residents, unemployed because of illness, cable (surpervisor), plant manager, medical, among other key informants; furthermore it was performed exercise testing, monitoring heart rate during labor, application Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and physical evaluation - procedures performed with the collaboration of doctors and fitness trainers -. The interviews were conducted by the methodology of oral history. The municipality of Teotonio Vilela was the privileged empirical universe by concentrating a large number of workers employed in various plants in the south of Alagoas. The data collected indicate existence of direct relationship between work in the cane fields and the early exhaustion of physical and spiritual energies of workers.
Oxidação de CO sobre nanoestruturas controladas e de interiores vazios de AgPt dispersas em óxidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Silva, Alisson Henrique Marques da
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Gomes, Janaina Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
The CO oxidation is considered one of the most studied reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Although several studies have been developed in this field, the impact of some properties of catalysts, such as the oxygen mobility, the number of active sites and the preferential exposure of surface facets, on their catalytic performance remains unclear. To progress in the understanding of this area, in the present study nanostructures with controlled size, geometry and morphology dispersed in oxides were applied to investigate two independent effects on the CO oxidation: (i) the effect of the nature of oxides (SiO2, TiO2, CeO2 and Al2O3) as support for AgPt nanoshells displaying rough surfaces (NCR); and (ii) the effect of the morphology of AgPt nanoshells displaying smooth (NCL) or rough (NCR) surfaces, and nanotubes displaying smooth (NTL) or rough (NTR) surfaces. More specifically, was investigated (i) how the mobility of the structural oxygen affects the catalytic performance; and (ii) how the number of Pt active sites and the nature of exposed surface facets influence the CO oxidation on nanostructures displaying controlled surface morphology (smooth or rough surfaces), shape (spherical or one-dimensional), size, and chemical composition. In the first study, the catalytic performance decreased in the following order: NCR/CeO2 > NCR/TiO2 > NCR/Al2O3 ≈ NCR/SiO2. The formation of oxygen vacancies, the reducibility of the oxides and the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and OSC technique, respectively. The catalytic performances were related with the mobility of the structural oxygen. The result observed for the NCR/TiO2 catalyst was associated with the presence of oxidized species, which are capable to perform the redox process, after the deposition of NCR on the TiO2. These species were not observed for the NCR/Al2O3 and NCR/SiO2 catalysts. In this study, the best result observed for the NCR/CeO2 catalyst was associated with the strong metal-support interaction between NCR and CeO2, resulting in the most pronounced structural oxygen mobility for the NCR/CeO2 catalyst in comparison with the other materials. These results attest the strong dependence of the catalytic performance on the mobility of the structural oxygen, which is promoted by metal-support interactions. In the second study, the catalytic performance decreased in the following order: NTL/SiO2 > NTR/SiO2 ≈ NCL/SiO2 > NCR/SiO2. The better catalytic activity observed with the NCL/SiO2 relative to that of the NCR/SiO2 was associated with its higher number of Pt active sites (~ 3 times higher). The better result observed with the NTL/SiO2 relative to that of the NTR/SiO2 was related with the preferential exposure of {100} facets, which are more active towards the CO oxidation than {111} and {110} facets. Interestingly, the NTL/SiO2 also displayed higher catalytic activity when compared to that of the NCL/SiO2, which presents similar amount of Pt surface atoms. This result indicates that the preferential exposure of {100} facets can be more effective with respect to the number of active sites. In this way, in Pt-based materials, the preferential exposure of {100} facets may play a significant role in the optimization of the catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
A construção coletiva de uma proposta de planejamento para a assistência farmacêutica em uma rede de atenção à saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Araujo, Eliana Rodrigues de
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Padilha, Roberto de Queiroz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262980850254605
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9993308647796268
Obtenção por colagem de fita aquosa de eletrólitos planos de zircônia estabilizada com ítria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-10)
Goulart, Celso Antonio
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9063022708070903
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are energy conversion devices, capable of generating clean and renewable energy with high efficiency, and regarded as one of the enabling key technologies for future hydrogen economy and stationary power generation. The state of the art consists of cells with Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) as electrolyte and a planar design. Planar electrolytes can be obtained employing several techniques, however, tape casting is a wellestablished, low cost ceramic forming process, and almost one of the few that can be applied to manufacture ceramic sheets of controlled thickness with large areas. Organic solvents have been widely used in tape casting, but due to health, safety, disposal, cost and environmental issues, researches are focusing on aqueous systems, seeking the benefits of using water as solvent, since it is widely available, non-toxic, non-flammable and cheap. In this study, the optimization of slurry formulation and the systematic analysis of processing variables allowed the successful use of aqueous tape casting for obtaining green tapes with good mechanical characteristics (tensile strength - 11.7-12.5 MPa, strain to failure - 64- 49%) and homogeneous green microstructure with no laminating step. In turn, the sintered tapes showed homogeneous microstructure and high density (≈ 97% of theoretical density), with good mechanical and electrical characteristics (fourpoint flexural strength - 266 MPa, electrical conductivity - 4.42x10-2 S.cm-1 at 800°C), which enables their use as electrolytes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Efeito da inserção de nanopartículas sintéticas preparadas por rota coloidal em matriz acrílica comercial de uso odontológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Souza Neto, Francisco Nunes de
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9814643622665592
Acrylic resins are very used in dentistry to dental restorations and manufacture of prostheses. New compositions of acrylic resin have been developed through the incorporation of silver nanoparticles due to the antimicrobial potential. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized and employed in the preparation of nanocomposites with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). PMMA-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized by structural, thermal, mechanical and biological techniques in order to evaluate the influence of these nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of the new formed materials. PMMA-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized with the addition of 0.05, 0.5 and 5% (l/l) of silver nanoparticles in the polymer during the plastic phase. Possible interactions between nanoparticles and polymeric matrix occurred through the carboxylate ions, resulting in a gain in the thermal stability due to the barrier effect, which slows down the degradation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed a heterogeneous distribution of spherical particles in the polymeric matrix. The mechanical tests showed the nanocomposites presented low storage modulus, loss modulus and tan δ values, which are characteristic of materials which exhibit an interfacial interaction between inorganic nanoparticles with polymer matrix. Clinically, the nanocomposites can be applied in dentistry, according to the normative American Dental Association (1958), through its specification No. 12 and ISO 4049, which evaluate the mechanical properties of dental materials. These results showed statistically are not difference between nanocomposites and the polymeric matrix. The microbiological adhesion test of PMMA and its nanocomposites to combat Candida glabrata revealed the nanocomposite with a lower percentage of colloidal solution have higher fungicide activity.
Escala de identificação de dotação e talento : construção de instrumento, evidências de validade e precisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Freitas, Márcia de Fátima Rabello Lovisi de
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Schelini, Patrícia Waltz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7995151225216788
The Munich Model of Giftedness unites individual and environmental characteristics in a single scheme for the identification and development of giftedness and talent (G&T). In this model, natural abilities are called predictors, individual and environmental variables are called moderators and measures of observable talent are called criteria variables. There are seven predictors in the model that reflect the domains for G&T, intellectual abilities, creative abilities, social competence, practical intelligence, artistic abilities, musicality and psychomotor skills. In this thesis, the goal was to design a scale for the identification of G&T characteristics in students in their 4th, 5th and 6th years of primary school, through teacher nomination, as well as analyze their evidence of content validity, internal structure validity, reliability and convergent validity. To achieve the proposed goals, a series of four studies was performed: construction of the scale items; investigation of evidence of content validity based on specialists’ analyses; investigation of evidence of internal structure validity and analysis of internal consistency through teacher nomination, and investigation of evidence of convergent validity based on the correlation with the Raven's Progressive Matrices, in a sample of students. The 120 initial items of the scale were based on predictors of the Munich Model of Giftedness and complementary theories that helped in defining domains. The experts evaluated these items and proposed changes in some items, while others were excluded for not exceeding a minimum ratio of interjudge agreement. The second version of the scale consisting of 98 items, was applied to 16 teachers of 4th, 5th and 6th year primary school students which evaluated 433 students. The results of the factor analysis from this application indicated that the scale has a well-defined three-factor structure that encompasses items from the seven predictors of the model, which explains 54.8% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the instrument and for each three factors can be considered good to excellent. The scale scores also presented moderate to strong correlations with the Raven's Progressive Matrices, providing evidence for the convergent validity of the instrument. Despite the satisfactory results found, further studies are needed to increase the representativeness of the participant sample, and of the analysis for standardizing the instrument in order to conduct analyses to establish norms for interpretation of scores obtained using this instrument.
Educação ambiental no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo-SP) : articulação entre programas educativos, população do entorno e plano de manejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Araújo-Bissa, Caio Henrique de
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9145990545180181
Since the Brazilian National System of Conservation Units, the society participation in management of protected areas (PAs) is guaranteed and emphasized as an important issue. Environmental education (EE) contributes to the PAs so that they can ensure biodiversity conservation, being present in actions with visitors and the surrounding population and in management processes in order to make them participative. In this context, this research studied the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI). The PEFI is a different PA, because inside its area there are institutions such as the São Paulo Zoo, the São Paulo Botanical Garden and the Cientec Park, responsible for visitation in the area. Thus, the research objectives were to understand the development and implementation of educational activities in the institutions at PEFI; identify the participation of local communities in activities at the PA; identify the perception of managers, educators and local communities towards PEFI; and support for the preparation of an integrated educational project, using participatory methodologies. The research had a qualitative approach with data collection conducted through interviews with educators responsible for the EE programs of the institutions at PEFI, people from local communities and managers, as well as from the direct observation of the PA council meetings. In a second step, we held a meeting with the research participants, using the Café ComPartilha methodology (based on World Café methodology), to stimulate dialogue between these people and carry out analyzes of the EE described in the management plan and the implementation of an integrated EE program. The main results of the research were that, regarding the perception about PEFI, most people do not see the PA as a whole; they see the institutions at PEFI as different matters and not related to the PA. Nevertheless, people from local communities have positive perceptions towards PEFI, such as a concern for its conservation. The participation of local communities exists only through representation on the PA management council. The population did not effectively participate in the elaboration and updating of the PEFI's management plan until the moment when this survey happened. EE activities currently in operation do not have people from local communities as their main public, they are developed individually by each institution and focus only on their visitors. PEFI is not the main theme hardly in any of the activities, being more present in a museum at São Paulo Botanical Garden and in an exposition at São Paulo Zoo. The PEFI’s managers are not involved directly with the EE programs that take place in the area; this is a responsibility of the institutions that develop them. The search for the integration of educational activities at PEFI is not a clear element in the management plan, which offers no tools for its realization; in addition, there are political barriers to the implementation of an EE integrated program. However, people involved in this research showed interest in that, suggesting that the formulation of the activities should be performed collectively, including institutions, managers and people from local communities. Finally, the lack of an identity of PEFI as a PA proves to be the main factor influencing the dynamics of activities that occur in the area. This factor can be mitigated from greater dialogue between the different groups. We hope that the research will help strengthening PEFI, mainly through EE, in order to ensure its conservation.
Biomarcadores sanguíneos para a doença de Alzheimer : avaliação da expressão gênica da ADAM10 e de micro- RNAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Moralles, Patricia Regina Manzine
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
ADAM10 is an-secretase that cleaves APP in the non-amyloidogenic pathway, thereby inhibiting -amyloid peptide (A ) production in Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Studies have shown decreased ADAM10 platelet levels in AD patients as well as the deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to molecules involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. The objective was to verify and compare ADAM10 gene expression and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) between AD patients and controls without cognitive impairment. It is a comparative study, based on the assumptions of quantitative research. Biological samples were collected, analyzed and stored in a biorepository. The ADAM10 gene expression in whole blood was studied in 47 AD, 32 healthy controls and 21 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects by RT-qPCR techniques and analyzed by relative expression by 2- Ct. For miRNAs analyses, using MegaplexTM and MirWalk 2.0 database, were analyzed by RT-qPCR ~700 miRNAs in total blood and 21 miRNAs of them were validated in a sample of 21 AD subjects and 17 healthy controls. Statistical association tests, regression and diagnostic accuracy were performed. No significant differences in ADAM10 gene expression were observed between AD and control groups. Therefore, the decrease of ADAM10 protein in platelets of AD patients was not caused by a reduction in mRNA encoding for ADAM10. Mir-144-5p, miR-374 and miR-221 were downregulated in AD subjects, with moderate accuracy diagnosis. However, the association of selected miRNAs expression and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was significantly better as a diagnostic tool compared to their expression separately. The validated miRNAs are involved in the regulation of pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases (beta-amyloid cascade, ubiquitination, transcriptional regulator, synaptic transmission, vesicle trafficking). Specifically, miR-144-5p, miR-374 and miR-221 are relevant for AD, as regulators of APP, BACE1 and ADAM10 translation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a downregulation of these specific miRNAs in total blood of Alzheimer’s disease patients, compared to healthy cognitive controls. These findings are in agreement with AD protein outcomes and place the miRNAs evaluated as potential biomarkers that can be used to improve AD diagnosis.
Construção e análise psicométrica de um inventário de habilidades sociais para cuidadores de idosos familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Pinto, Francine Náthalie Ferraresi Rodrigues
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
With the rise in life expectancy and the high incidence of chronic degenerative diseases among the elderly, there is a growing demand to dedicate time to caring for an elderly family member. Caring for a dependent elderly person requires the acquisition of skills that are specific to this context, such as social skills (SS), which affect the wellbeing of the caregiver and the elderly care recipient. Given the situation-dependent nature of SS, it is important to be able to identify deficits in caregivers’ SS, but no instruments for evaluating SS in this population were found. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to develop an inventory of social skills for family caregivers of the elderly, and to analyze its psychometric properties. A review of the literature on the use of social skills among caregivers for the elderly is presented in Manuscript I. Based on a literature search using the major Psychology databases, nine studies (seven articles and two dissertations) were found, four about intervention evaluations and five reporting correlations for social skills with burden, stress, self-esteem, social support or quality of the relationship. According to the evidence, caregivers with a better-developed SS repertoire have more positive perceptions of their quality of life. In addition, although there are instruments to assess SS in other contexts, none were found for family caregivers of the elderly, in Brazil. Thus, it was concluded that it would be important to construct an instrument for this context, to assist in the identification of SS deficits, in this population. In Manuscript II, the objectives were to ascertain the primary conflicts that arise when caring for an elderly family member and identify the SS considered as important in this situation, to obtain information for preparing items for a new instrument. Interviews were conducted with 50 caregivers of the elderly, 25 elderly care-recipients and 25 professional in the field of aging. The main conflicts involved difficulties to reconcile differences of opinion, or financial issues. The SSs considered most useful included: expressing positive feelings, controlling aggressiveness, and discussing problems. Based on this information, 37 items were written, creating an initial version of an instrument to evaluate the social skills of those who care for elderly family members (IHS-CI). In Manuscript III, the aim was to describe the initial steps in the validation of this instrument. In Study 1, five independent judges conducted a semantic and content analysis of the instrument, resulting in the exclusion of six items. In Study 2, to obtain evidence about the psychometric properties of the new version of this instrument, 205 participants, all of whom cared for an elderly family member, completed the IHS-CI and a further five measures. Based on an analysis of the internal structure of the instrument, three factors were identified: Expression of emotions, Assertive communication, and Information seeking. The global, internal reliability of the instrument was excellent (α =0.886). Scores on the IHS-CI were positively correlated with greater quality of life and positive caregiver-elderly care-recipient interactions, and negatively correlated with burden, depression and conflicts. Additional studies are needed to gain further evidence of the validity of the IHSCI and to establish norms for the interpretation of test-scores. After this, the instrument will be ready for use to evaluate the social skills of family caregivers of the elderly, to guide interventions that can contribute to the greater wellbeing and quality of life of caregivers and of their elderly care-recipients.
Estudo do efeito do estresse crônico sobre a função cardiovascular em ratos adolescentes e adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Duarte, Josiane de Oliveira
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Crestani, Carlos Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8005945206577202
This study aimed to investigate the physiological and somatic changes evoked by chronic stress regimens in adolescent and adult rats, with a focus on cardiovascular function. Additionally, we evaluated the long-term changes induced by stress exposure during adolescence, as well as a possible vulnerability to effects of stress in adult animals exposure to chronic stress during adolescence. Male rats were exposed to repeated restraint stress (RRS) or chronic variable stress (CVS) during adolescence (28 days) and/or adulthood (60 days). Adrenal hypertrophy, thymus involution, and elevated plasma glucocorticoid were observed only in adolescent rats, whereas reduction in body weight was caused by both stress regimens in adults. CVS increased blood pressure and heart rate regardless of the age, whereas RRS increased blood pressure selectively in adults. Resting tachycardia evoked by CVS was associated with increased cardiac sympathetic tone in adults while a decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity was observed in adolescents. Changes in baroreflex function were evoked by both RRS and CVS, but this effect was age- and type-stress specific. The pressor response to systemic administration of a α1-adrenoceptor agonist was increased by both stress regimens in adolescents. Depressor responses to acetylcholine and the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside were affected by RRS in both ages. Except for the circulating glucocorticoid change, all alterations observed during adolescence were reversed in adulthood. However, the RRS or CVS in adult animals subjected to the respective chronic stressor during adolescence evoked responses that was not identified in animals exposure to the stressors only in adulthood, including: CVSevoked increase in circulating corticosterone, adrenal hypertrophy, RRS-evoked increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathetic activity, reduction of intrinsic heart rate by CVS, and baroreflex changes evoked by both stressors. These findings suggest a stress vulnerability of adolescents to somatic and neuroendocrine effects regardless of stress regimen. Our results indicate an age- and stress type-specific influence in stressevoked cardiovascular/autonomic changes. Data suggest minimal consequences in adulthood of stress during adolescence, but indicate that stress experience during adolescence causes a vulnerability to neuroendocrine and cardiovascular effects of stress in adulthood.
Desenvolvimento da cognição social em préescolares sob a ótica da teoria das molduras relacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-11)
Benatti, Lívia Andrade
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8309210241087768
Theory of Mind is conventionally defined as the ability to understand and make inferences about one’s own mental states (i.e., desires, intentions and beliefs) and those of other people, and based on this repertoire, one can predict and explain human behavior. Recent research, supported by Relational Frame Theory (RFT), has emphasized the role of perspective taking in the development of Theory of Mind. Results suggest that children who undergo perspective-taking training show improved performance in Theory of Mind tasks. The goal of the present study was to administer the Perspective Taking Protocol, used in these previous studies, in Brazilian children with low performance in theory of mind tasks. Three studies were conducted, two of them being pilot studies, which revealed the need for adaptations to the original procedure. Study 1 aimed to test the original protocol with one child aged 4 years and 9 months. The protocol consisted in the presentation of blocks of simple verbal trials and trials including reversal and double reversal of roles with the experimenter. Trials included the deictic frames I-YOU, HERE-THERE and NOW-THEN. The protocol, however, proved to be incompatible with the child’s repertoire, that is, he did not meet the learning criteria established in the original study. In order to test the difficulty level of the protocol, in Study 2, two young university students received the same training. Data suggested that the two adult participants succeeded in completing the protocol, having met criteria; however, they did face difficulties during the procedure. In Study 3, four participants, aged 4 and 5, were administered an adapted version of the protocol. In order to train reversed trials, physical tips (i.e., cards) and gestural signs were used and were gradually withdrawn until participants could respond without any assistance. Participants were also evaluated in three tasks of Theory of Mind, before and after the teaching procedure. During training, children were able to respond correctly on the reversed trials, even after removal of physical tips. All four participants showed improved performance in Theory of Mind tasks after training, with scores 1 or 2 points higher (scores could vary from 0 to 3), in comparison to pretest. Results suggest that, despite the evidence showing that the Perspective Taking Protocol is effective, it should be altered in order to be consistent with the repertoire of children with quite distinct characteristics from those who participated in the original study. In the case of children participating in the present research, changes in the distribution of trials throughout training blocks, as well as changes in the format of those trials had a positive learning effect. We hope the results of the present study may encourage future work on the potential benefits of procedures aimed at perspective taking training, in particular, with individuals who present delays or difficulties in social cognition.
Cultivo de Chlorella sorokiniana exposta a gases de combustão (CO2, NO2 e SO2) : crescimento, fotossíntese e bioquímica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Camargo, Eduardo Caffagni de
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1351715221998491
The cement industry, closely associated with the global warming question, accounts for significant emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants, such as SO2 and NO2 in the atmosphere. In search for ways to mitigate the atmospheric CO2, we performed semicontinuous cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana under phototrophic conditions to test the effect of a flue gas simulation (18% CO2, 9% O2, 300 ppm NO2 and 140 ppm SO2). This was provided once a day in six serial experiments, in which the exposure to the gas was increased through the increase of bubbling time. A constant flow rate allowed us to calculate the total volume of gas introduced into the system each day (0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5, 6 and 48 L). Air-CO2 (18%) was used as control and its bubbling time was pHregulated. Culture medium acidification led to suboptimal growth conditions that affected cell density, photosynthetic activity, cell viability and the biochemical composition of C. sorokiniana. Compared to control, the specific growth rate decreased by 17 and 3,9% in cultures that received 6 and 48 L gas d-1, respectively. The pulseamplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry was used for culture evaluation. It revealed low maximum quantum yield (ΦM 0.40) and operational quantum yield (Φ'M 0.47) values one day after 48 L gas bubbling. Light saturation curves confirmed the negative effects of long-time gas simulation stress. On the other hand, quenching analysis indicated an increase in photochemical light use and low values of non hotochemical quanching (qN and NPQ). Exposure of the cells to the flue gas simulation resulted in lower cell viability compared to control. Biochemical analysis showed that 6 and 48 L gas d-1 significantly increased protein content by 75% and 154%, respectively; total carbohydrates also increased in the presence of the gas, 148% and 195%, respectively. Despite the physiological changes, C. sorokiniana resisted suboptimal growth conditions imposed by the gas, supporting its vigorous nature and relevance in biotechnological aplications with flue gases.
Análise da institucionalização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) na CEAGESP: o caso do CEASA de Araraquara (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Realino, Marco Aurélio Assunção
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898589646518292
The food security issue has entered the public agenda after the World War II, when some countries started acting to eradicate poverty and hunger (SIMON, 2012). In Brazil, the issue became relevant after 2003, when the government made some policies to end the hunger as well as poverty, like the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Thus, this research aims to analyze the possibility of the implementation of PAA in Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP), which is a public company responsible for storage services and wholesale food market in São Paulo state. The analysis was first focused on the Ceasa Araraquara unity, as a diagnosis which can be applied on the other unities later. Therefore, some interviews were conducted with the managers of some CEAGESP's unities along with secondary data. The theorical referential was based on the Strategic Action Fields, to understand the power relations inside the fields of food secure. To lead a better understanding of the food secure policies it was made an historical analysis of the issue, first in a worldwide context and later in a national level. Finally, the results show primarily that the operation of the PAA by CEAGESP finds some barriers within political issues. Once those questions are overcome, it will become possible for the public company to execute the policy.
Análise contrastiva dos verbos locativos do português do Brasil e do português europeu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Rodrigues, Roana
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Baptista, Jorge
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5277363935076195
Locative verbs establish a locative relation between an object and a location and are very frequent in different types of texts. This thesis aims at describing the phenomenon of locative verb constructions in Portuguese and contrasting two recent studies on the syntactic-semantic classification of these constructions carried out for Brazilian and European Portuguese. This contrastive analysis presents not only the classes of locative constructions already determined, but also the intersection and divergence points between the two variants of the Portuguese language. The data here described is expected to contribute in the construction of language resources, which could be used in several didactic applications and in natural language processing.