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Cultivo de Chlorella sorokiniana exposta a gases de combustão (CO2, NO2 e SO2) : crescimento, fotossíntese e bioquímica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Camargo, Eduardo Caffagni de
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1351715221998491
The cement industry, closely associated with the global warming question, accounts for significant emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants, such as SO2 and NO2 in the atmosphere. In search for ways to mitigate the atmospheric CO2, we performed semicontinuous cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana under phototrophic conditions to test the effect of a flue gas simulation (18% CO2, 9% O2, 300 ppm NO2 and 140 ppm SO2). This was provided once a day in six serial experiments, in which the exposure to the gas was increased through the increase of bubbling time. A constant flow rate allowed us to calculate the total volume of gas introduced into the system each day (0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5, 6 and 48 L). Air-CO2 (18%) was used as control and its bubbling time was pHregulated. Culture medium acidification led to suboptimal growth conditions that affected cell density, photosynthetic activity, cell viability and the biochemical composition of C. sorokiniana. Compared to control, the specific growth rate decreased by 17 and 3,9% in cultures that received 6 and 48 L gas d-1, respectively. The pulseamplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry was used for culture evaluation. It revealed low maximum quantum yield (ΦM 0.40) and operational quantum yield (Φ'M 0.47) values one day after 48 L gas bubbling. Light saturation curves confirmed the negative effects of long-time gas simulation stress. On the other hand, quenching analysis indicated an increase in photochemical light use and low values of non hotochemical quanching (qN and NPQ). Exposure of the cells to the flue gas simulation resulted in lower cell viability compared to control. Biochemical analysis showed that 6 and 48 L gas d-1 significantly increased protein content by 75% and 154%, respectively; total carbohydrates also increased in the presence of the gas, 148% and 195%, respectively. Despite the physiological changes, C. sorokiniana resisted suboptimal growth conditions imposed by the gas, supporting its vigorous nature and relevance in biotechnological aplications with flue gases.
Análise da institucionalização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) na CEAGESP: o caso do CEASA de Araraquara (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Realino, Marco Aurélio Assunção
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898589646518292
The food security issue has entered the public agenda after the World War II, when some countries started acting to eradicate poverty and hunger (SIMON, 2012). In Brazil, the issue became relevant after 2003, when the government made some policies to end the hunger as well as poverty, like the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Thus, this research aims to analyze the possibility of the implementation of PAA in Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP), which is a public company responsible for storage services and wholesale food market in São Paulo state. The analysis was first focused on the Ceasa Araraquara unity, as a diagnosis which can be applied on the other unities later. Therefore, some interviews were conducted with the managers of some CEAGESP's unities along with secondary data. The theorical referential was based on the Strategic Action Fields, to understand the power relations inside the fields of food secure. To lead a better understanding of the food secure policies it was made an historical analysis of the issue, first in a worldwide context and later in a national level. Finally, the results show primarily that the operation of the PAA by CEAGESP finds some barriers within political issues. Once those questions are overcome, it will become possible for the public company to execute the policy.
Análise contrastiva dos verbos locativos do português do Brasil e do português europeu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-14)
Rodrigues, Roana
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Baptista, Jorge
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5277363935076195
Locative verbs establish a locative relation between an object and a location and are very frequent in different types of texts. This thesis aims at describing the phenomenon of locative verb constructions in Portuguese and contrasting two recent studies on the syntactic-semantic classification of these constructions carried out for Brazilian and European Portuguese. This contrastive analysis presents not only the classes of locative constructions already determined, but also the intersection and divergence points between the two variants of the Portuguese language. The data here described is expected to contribute in the construction of language resources, which could be used in several didactic applications and in natural language processing.
Emprego da RMN no estado sólido em estudos de complexos supramoleculares de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-15)
Xavier, Tatielih Pardim de Oliveira
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4307312001890985
Many pharmaceutical solids are able to adopt more than one crystalline form, and this property is called polymorphism. Currently 80-90% of the drugs are marketed as in solid forms and a very common problem is the low solubility of these drugs, particularly in aqueous media. Depending on how a drug crystallizes, its physical and chemical properties can be changed, which may also result in changes in its solubility. Before this problem the crystals engineering appears as a strategy to improve the properties of the solid state related to the efficacy of the drugs through the development of new crystalline forms. Multicomponent molecular crystals can be prepared from supramolecular synthons forming approach by crystallization methods involving the optimization of conditions for the formation of these novel crystalline forms. In this context, this study aimed to use the solid state NMR for study of supramolecular chemistry the three antiparasitic drugs (secnidazole, albendazole and mebendazole) and one antiretroviral (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) using a set of one-dimensional techniques (CP-TOSS, CP-NQS and CP-PI) for the carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 nucleus as well as two-dimensional (1Hx13C FSLG HETCOR). Solid state NMR was used as the primary analytical tool for characterizing the crystalline forms obtained in this study, as in the prior characterization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (APIs) used as raw material, being demonstrated the applicability of this technique in the analysis of new formulations. The data obtained were of great importance in the study of these solid dosage forms which can contribute to the structural study of dosage forms, identify polymorphic forms of drugs, detect phase transitions in both API as in commercial samples and check for interactions molecular (intramolecular and intermolecular) by means of two-dimensional NMR. In this work it was shown that this technique is configured as an important tool for the characterization of new polymorphs but they certainly should be applied in conjunction with other techniques in order to take advantage of the complementarity provided when different techniques are used in combination. This work intends to consolidate the use of NMR in the solid state in Brazil as a tool for the characterization of the crystalline forms of drugs and also for the analysis of drugs, which has been few explored so far.
Análise dos elementos da estratégia de marketing e dos aspectos de relacionamento no canal entre atacado distribuidor, indústria alimentícia e pequeno varejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-15)
Souza, Thiago Alves de
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Piato, Éderson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1439984077907071
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5674317433971352
Due to the complexity of markets and intense competition organizations are looking for new ways to generate sustainable competitive advantage, that it is the competitive advantage that can not be copied in the short term by competitors. In this sense, the distribution channels emerge, which are the set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. Integrating the distribution channel as intermediaries are wholesalers and retailers, who act as an important link between the industry and the end consumer. In general, these organizations carry out a number of elements of the marketing strategy in the distribution channel and so develop and maintain long-term relationships with partners and other channel members. The objective of this research is to identify how the elements of the marketing strategy influence on the aspects of the relationship. This study has as its core the wholesale distributor perspective, but also identifies the views of small food and retail industry. This research has qualitative and exploratory nature character, using as main methods the case study and the technique of critical incident. As a data collection instrument, we opted for the construction of semistructured in order to support the conduct of interviews. nine interviews were conducted, two in the distributor wholesaler four in food industries and three small retailers. For data analysis, we used the technical characteristics of the critical incident, content analysis and triangulation. The survey results identified the elements of the marketing strategy and relationship issues primarily from the perspective of distributor wholesaler. It has been found empirically that targeting influences the trust; the element influencing product partnerships and satisfaction; price element affects power / dependence, conflict, cooperation and satisfaction; element of marketing communication relates to investment, exchange of information and commitment; element distribution influences the conflict, among other relations. Ultimately, this study presents an analysis of the gaps / shortcomings as they relate to the elements of the marketing strategy developed by the wholesale distributor or the aspects of the relationship with food and small retail industry. Finally, we present the implications both managerial and theoretical, limitations and future research suggestions.
Vítimas, autores e testemunhas de bullying : uma avaliação das habilidades sociais e de indicadores da competência social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-15)
Comodo, Camila Negreiros
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1022196212162281
The literature has shown evidence that bullying is a worldwide phenomenon that deserves the attention of researchers and the community as a whole. Considering that bullying occurs in interpersonal relationships among students, it is important to understand the role of social skills repertoire of these individuals and their social competence to deal with the bullying situation, as a way to provide a more accurate diagnosis on the relationship of social skills and bullying, as well as contribute for the prevention of this type of violence. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to: (1) correlate social skills classes with authoring and victimization bullying behaviors; (2) compare the social skills of victims, authors, victims-authors and bystanders of bullying in terms of frequency and difficulty; (3) identify similarities and differences between the scores of authorship and victimization in bullying considering the self-assessment, peers and teachers evaluations; (4) assess and describe social competence indicators of teenagers involved in bullying; (5) functionally analyze the behavior of victims, perpetrators and bystanders of bullying. To analyze the social skills of students involved in bullying were applied the IHSA-Del-Prette, QIPVE and Peer Assessment with 241 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, and it was found that bullying behaviors and victimization showed a negative correlation with social skills classes. It was also found that students involved in bullying reported a less elaborate repertoire of self-control, assertiveness and empathy. Additionally, a comparison was also made between the bullying instruments used in this study. For this purpose 263 students responded to QIPVE and Peer Assessment, and 10 teachers appointed students as victims and bullies. This comparison brought data that there are differences between the self-assessment, evaluation of teachers and peers nominations about the involvement in bullying. To assess social competence indicators was realized an interview with 10 bullies, eight victims, 10 victims-authors and 10 bystanders. The interviews were transcribed and the responses were categorized. The results indicated that all respondents reported fail to achieve important indicators of social competence, which brings an impact on quality of life and development of these adolescents. Finally, the functional analysis of the student´s behavior pointed out that the attacks made by the bullies are reinforced by the removal of the victims and the bystanders’ silence and/or laughter. These datas indicate that anti-bullying programs should teach some specific social skills classes, promote not only social skills but also social competence and reach the entire school community, including bystander.
Rap e funk : a busca por voz e visibilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-16)
Figueiredo, Marina Haber de
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6196629905751152
En una sociedad regida por una ideología oficial tejida por ideologías excluyentes y respaldadas por la constitución de la identidad global en detrimento de la alteridad, este trabajo se propone estudiar, a través de un análisis discursivo, la constitución de los sujetos ético-estético presentes en el funk y el rap nacional, entendidos como un movimiento contemporáneo de cultura popular urbano, la búsqueda para que sus voces sean escuchadas fuera de sus horizontes sociales. En principio, el sujeto estético presente en esas manifestaciones culturales, al buscar que sus voces sean escuchadas y visibles también fuera de su espacio de actuación, promueve la desestabilización de algunos hilos que constituyen la ideología hegemónica, al mismo tiempo que saluda nuevas formas de interacción social, y así, para la constitución de una sociedad basada en la alteridad. Es importante resaltar que ese este estudio no se enfocó en nombres o grupos específicos de funk o rap, y si en la búsqueda por discursos oriundos de esos movimientos culturales y también en discursos sobre los mismos que ratifiquen o no el objetivo propuesto. Este trabajo fue construido con el respaldo teórico de los estudios realizados por el Circulo de Bakhtin, principalmente los que recaen sobre los conceptos de sujeto, dialogía, carnavalización, así como los estudios de Bakhtin sobre cultura popular y fiesta. En general, se dialogó con Callois, Zumthor, Certau, Hall, Canclini, Martín-Barbero entre otros, con la finalidad de verificar la manera por la cual las voces de esos sujetos son valorizadas dentro y fuera de los barrios pobres por medio del embate ideológico ocurrido en y por la palabra ambivalente.
Modelo alfa normal assimétrico multivariado para redes de classificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-16)
Souza, Anderson Luiz Ara
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8916772290938469
In this Thesis we expose the proposition of a new class of probability distributions, the so called alpha skew normal multivariate, an extension of the univariate Normal Alpha distribution, introduced by Elal-Olivero (2010). It can accommodates up to two modes and generalizes the distribution proposed by Elal-Olivero in its marginal components. In addition, we apply this new distribution in the construction of two new data mining methods for classi cation. The procedures developed here increment the predictive ability of the classi cation in the presence of asymmetric and / or bimodal data. The results indicate that the new proposal is signi cantly more appropriate than the usual modeling by classical normal distribution, and is also suitable for datasets without the presence of asymmetry. In this thesis it is shown, using real and synthetic data, the procedures of construction, estimation and validation for the new probability distribution and for probabilistic networks for binary classi cations, particularly for the k-dependence probabilistic networks.
O cinema de diáspora indiano na Trilogia dos Elementos de Deepa Mehta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-16)
Manghirmalani, Juily Jyotsna Seixas
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Costa, Flávia Cesarino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653890782950111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3322740274159799
This research aims to study the films that form the Elements Trilogy, by the Indo-Canadian director Deepa Mehta. Released between 1996 and 2005, the trilogy is part of the production by the Indian diaspora, that is to say, films without strictly defined national borders. Recurring themes in transnational films will be addressed, such as class, ethnicity, sexuality and the concept behind nations. Our purpose is to understand the power structures in India and its implications on female gender policies in these films. The trilogy comprises Fire (1996), 1947-Earth (1998) and Water (2005) and approaches three moments in Indian history throughout the female subjectivity. Deepa Mehta proposes discussions through the criticism presented in her films regarding the interconnection between the fundamentalism Hinduism and women's role in Indian society and culture. We intend to detect these criticisms as we analyze sequences in the three films, using the following method: observation of the narrative pattern, the themes chosen and the articulation of visual and sound strategies.
Programa de formação continuada para professores de educação física : possibilidades para a construção de saberes sobre a inclusão de alunos com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-16)
Mahl, Eliane
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1624566458284054
Current international and national politics about Special Education and Inclusive Education aims to ensure that all, without exception, have equal rights to access, permanency and opportunities for satisfactory learning in all segments and areas of knowledge proposed by the Basic Education, among them, Physical Education. Based on the premise that teacher vocational training collaborates with the conjectures of the inclusive movement, this study aimed to analyze whether and how a Continuing Education Program for Physical Education teachers contributes to the construction and reconstruction of knowledge about school inclusion, enabling (more) inclusive speeches and practices, especially for students with disabilities. To meet these objectives, the research presented here was characterized as qualitative, outlined by the action research insights and data analyzed by categories. The Continuing Education Program was attended five physical education teachers and the results showed that the activities developed and built at each meeting through dialogue (search), made possible the construction and the collective reconstruction of knowledge about inclusion in the program and beyond (action); especially because the participants were able to analyze, reflect and position on what they could and should do as those who believe in inclusion, seek knowledge and enable theories and inclusive practices. Consequently, the proposed and discussed knowledge in the Continuing Education Program (search) had significant contributions to the daily action/s participants. However, this research has reinforced the responsibility of the applicability of Inclusive Education assumptions should not only be the physical education teachers or teachers of any curriculum component of basic education; since the idea of inclusion is linked to multiple government, physical, curricular and attitudinal dimensions. In this vein, this research shows that access, permanence and learning opportunities for school education of all students, will only be possible if government agencies, school administrators, teachers, families, students and community do each of you, thus enabling , a society and a truly inclusive education for all, regardless of the specifics of this "all".
Busca de extratos e compostos ativos com potencial herbicida e inseticida nas espécies Davilla elliptica St. Hill e Ocotea pulchella Nees & Mart
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-16)
Candido, Lafayette Pereira
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2686488310365954
Brazil by presenting incomparable biodiversity, distributed in mosaic wonderfully distinct biomes becomes a promising the field of study in seeks of new phytochemicals extracted from native plants with biological activity on weeds and insects of medical importance. Species of Lauraceae and Dilleniaceae family have an immense potential in the production of secondary compounds with herbicide and insecticide properties. Thus, this study objective was to clarify the following questions: leaf extracts the stem and root Ocotea pulchella and Davilla elliptica could interfere with the growth and development of Triticum aestivum, Euphorbia heterophylla and Panicum maximum and thus make a new alternative for the control of weeds? Amongst the donor species and crude extracts which more promising to start a bioprospecting, allowing isolate and identify the present compounds? The extracts show insecticidal activity against eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti? Coleoptile bioassays were performed using hexane extracts, dichloromethanic, acetoetilicos, methanolic and aqueous leaf, stem and root of O. pulchella and D. elliptica 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 mg.mL-1. Most active extracts have been evaluated on the germination and early seedling growth of E. heterophylla and P.maximum using doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.mL-1. The larvicidal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg.mL-1 and ovicidal effect with the LC50 and LC90 lethal concentrations estimated in test A. aegypti larvae. The leaf extracts O. pulchella inhibit coleoptile growth of wheat and seed germination and seedling growth of weeds and standard species. In general, the ethyl acetate extract O. pulchella showed higher phytotoxic activity. Eleven compounds were isolated and characterized. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6 have not been identified before in O. pulchella and Ocoteol was first described in the literature. The compounds 5, 10 and 11 were most active with superior inhibition values of 90% in the standard species. P. maximum has been the target species most affected by O. pulchella and D.elliptica leaf extracts in all evaluated parameters. The reduction in root growth of wild poinsettia seedlings can be related to the decrease in the elongation of metaxylem cells submitted at the ethyl acetate extract (O. pulchella) and methanol (D.elliptica). The extracts from root hexane and dichloromethane O. pulchella at a concentration 3 mg.mL-1 have produced bigger effect larvicide. Lower values of CL50 and CL90 were estimated for larvae subjected to the root extract from O. pulchella dichloromethane. Hatching rate, TME and VME have been affected by DCM and hexane root extracts from O. pulchella. Specie O. pulchella showed higher potential herbicide on the germination and the growth pattern and weed species and insecticide on larvae and eggs of A. aegypti.
Memórias do samba carioca na voz dos compositores populares : uma análise discursiva de depoimentos do projeto "Puxando Conversa"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-17)
Branco, Nanci Moreira
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
The present work focuses on a research with samba composers memories who participated in the "Puxando Conversa" Project that, 1990 a 2004, was recorded in video and exhibited in public places, aspects of life and work of 49 samba composers in Rio de January State. Starting with reports, sung and narrated, in video programs, I try to understand the history of samba which is revealed, for the purpose of discussing dialogical relations that constitute the samba as popular culture. There are dialogues that are more controversial, as in the case of which is established between the tradition and the cultural industry, they are responsible for any transformations in which the samba has passed since its popularization in the media, but, in general, I analyze, in the composers statements, their representations about samba, raising the discourses as , investigating how such voices (re) construct ideologically and culturally the social body that circumscribe and still deconstruct and challenge an official model of culture and music. Therefore, I seek, firstly, issues involving the samba from its popularity, in the mid-1920, understanding all of social, historical and cultural context which allows the samba being an icon in our culture. And a study, at last, that involves questions of life and art. To better understand this plot, I refer to Mikhail Bakhtin studies about popular culture, especially those which I may understand the popular culture as the place where processes dialogues and processes clashes live in parity.
Fronteiras em discussão : pensando as interações entre ficção e documentário em Diários de motocicleta por meio da intermidialidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-17)
Ebert, Sancler
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Paiva, Samuel José Holanda de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7222933274927263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2451621596123085
The research aims to think over about the overlaps between fiction and documentary in the film The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) by Walter Salles, using intermediality as method. We will use the intermedial phenomena proposed by Rajewsky (2012) as methodologi cal tools, thinking about intermedial transposition, combination of media and intermedial references. So, it's possible think over what kind of reading instruction is been triggered by the film, from the perspective proposed by Odin (2012): fictivizante or documentarizante. Our interest here is to think how literature transposed into film triggers such statements, relating the use of an open script to the reality of filming and also considering the influences between fiction and documentary related to road movie. We also seek to understand instructions that the film gives to emulate the photo and refer to documentary photography in three black and white sequences and using archival footage in the end credits.
Educação profissional no Brasil e a interiorização do Instituto Federal de São Paulo : trajetórias e lógicas da expansão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-17)
Estevo, Marcio Rogério Tomazzi
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2690779508910494
Brazilian schools known as “Institutos Federais” (Federal Institutes), and the expansion of their campuses are presented here as a possibility to tackle national challenges and to outperform old professional educations paradigms. So in this work we try to check the possible relations that exist between the technological axis implemented on the new campuses and the local productive arrangements. This work is based on case analysis with bibliographic and documental research, analysis of socioeconomic data, semi-structured interviews with representative actors, visits to the campuses and reflections using the structural and historical analysis method. In section 1 the theme is introducted and presented. In section 2 we make a conceptual exposition about Professional Education, and the relation between education, work, development, knowledge, Local Arrangements, their disputes and tendencies. We also discuss the diverse objectives of Professional Education, sometimes aiming the individual, sometimes aiming the centrality of the market, this duality being persistent even after some tentative reformations. We also discuss the formal education as a means to emancipate people, cause social transformation, or to conciliate development, inequalities reduction and democracy. In section 3 we present the history of the Professional Education, highlight the main facts that lead to the resuming of the Professional and Technological Education Federal Network (“Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica - RFEPT”) and to the creation of the Federal Institutes, during Lula's government. We highlight the centenary of this network, and the conflicting projects for educations and national development. In section 4, we explore the peculiarities of the Federal Institute of São Paulo (“Instituto Federal de São Paulo - IFSP”), a new, but also old, institution, focusing on its campus at the city of Araraquara, and the contextualization of the development of this region of São Paulo State, leading actor of the national development. The city of Araraquara is an important city of the central region of the State, and also Seat of a Government Region. To achieve this objective, we use the research made by Maria Teresa Miceli Kerbauy. We explore, mainly by interviews with representative people, the campus installed at Araraquara, and its role in the region, this campus participates on the phase II of the expansion plan of the Network. The contextualization uses socioeconomic data from Fundação Seade and the approach of political leadership. On the last section, we make remarks and reflections about IFSP, its mission, its identity, its priorities and the possible priority of its relation with the region, as stated by Law 11.892 of December, 29, 2008, that was the law that created the Federal Institutes. We also look for pointing directions for new actions and new studies. We conclude that this expansion is beyond its transformations potential and confirm the hipothesis of the influence of other factors beyond the locality, on the definition of new courses to be implementes on the new campuses.
Uma proposta para o ensino do conceito de matrizes em ambiente computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-17)
Pereira, Nilce Maria de Oliveira
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Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3127997716929268
This present dissertation consists to propose alternative activities to the traditional teaching of matrices concept in the high school. At first it sought to identify difficulties from the students in solving problems which matrices concept were required. Subsequently, activities were proposed from routines in which employ the Scilab software in order to solve problems. Such activities followed the Didactic Engineering as a research methodology. The usage of computer in the classroom assists students learning in innovative and pleasant ways, besides enhancing interesting and performance of the group. The activities were used in a high school third grade classroom from public school network where the researcher has been working for over twenty-five years.
Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos do rio Madeira e tributários no trecho de construção da UHE Santo Antônio do Madeira, Rondônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18)
Nunes, Marcos Vinicius
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2486673216326112
The construction of hydroelectricity power plants in lotic systems promote changes in the morphological and functional characteristics of these ecosystems, also leading to changes in the structure and dynamics of biological communities, both, qualitative and quantitative. Among the communities usually inhabiting recently created reservoirs, benthic macroinvertebrates have special relevance for having close relationship with environmental factors, simultaneously and differently responding to environmental changes. Therefore, based on the hypothesis that the structure and composition of benthic community might be altered as a consequence of the river damming, the presente work had as its main objective to make a species inventory occurring in a stretch of the Madeira River, before and after the construction of the UHE de Santo Antônio do Madeira, determining the composition and spatial di stribution of Hirudinea assemblages, verifying if the Oligochaeta species associatins in Madeira River are similar to those found in other large South America rivers, and if the construction of the power plant altered the patterns of association and distribution of species. Besides that Chironomidae assemblages were analyzed aiming to see if they were also affected, looking at their responses evaluated by biological indices considering the environmental changes after river damming. For this, sediment samples were collected for benthic macroinvertebrates analyses in eight sampling points, being six located upstream the dam and two downstream, before and after damming. Water variables were in situ measured: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and temperature, and the sediment collected for granulometric analyses and nutrient concentrations measurements. The results obtained showed that both, water variables and sediment size-fractions were altered in some localities influencing leeches assemblage composition and abundances. It was also observed that Oligochaeta assemblage had a pattern of species association and that it does not tend to disappear after the river damming. However, the river damming caused changes in the structure and composition of the populations of Chironomidae. A decrease in the richness of taxa and overall changes in the benthic community before and after damming was also observed, thus evidencing that dam construction acted as a controlling factor of benthic community. Although the taxonomic richness and diversity index have not responded to these changes, contrarily the β diversity and the relationship between diversity and abundance of classes were sensitive to changes caused by the damming.
Aplicação de biorreatores anaeróbios em diferentes temperaturas para produção de hidrogênio a partir de águas residuárias agroindustriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18)
Ramos, Lucas Rodrigues
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Silva, Edson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1194041789932200
The present evaluated the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT), cheese whey substrate concentration, temperature in thermophilic range (55 a 75oC) and cofermentation of sugar cane stillage and cheese whey in continuous hydrogen production in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) and expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB). Seven reactors were used, being three of them in EGSB configuration in mesophilic temperature (30oC) feed in different cheese whey concentrations were inoculated with mesophilic sludge from the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (RM5, RM15 e RM25). Other four reactors in AFBR configuration, inoculated with thermophilic sludge from the treatment of sugarcane stillage, were operated in thermophilic range. In these it was evaluated the effect of temperature in thermophilic range using as substrate cheese whey (RTS) and sugar cane stillage (RTV). Also, it was evaluated the cofermentation of stillage with cheese whey (RTCV e RTCVS). In the reactors RM5, RM15, RM25, RTS and RTV, it was observed the volumetric H2 production (HPR) and H2 content increase behavior from the HRT decrease. However, there was a decrease in H2 yield (HY) in lower HRT for all reactors, reaching a maximum of 5.51 ± 0.37 mmol.g DQO-1 (RTS). The increase in cheese whey substrate concentration favored the hydrogen production in EGSB reactors, with maximum HPR of 0.312 ± 0.026L H2.h-1.L-1 in the concentration of 25,000mg lactose.L-1 (RM25). The increase in temperature from 55oC to 75oC, the hydrogen production was reduced because of the difficult adaptation of the microbial community originally from a thermophilic sludge. The cofermentation strategy enabled the increase of HY in the HRT of 8h, with a maximum of 0.82 ± 0.07 mmol.g DQO-1 (RTCVS). The main soluble metabolites related to hydrogen production were acetic and butyric acids. On the other hand, higher lactate concentrations were observed in conditions with low hydrogen production.
Metodologia para guiar o desenvolvimento e implementação industrial de novas tecnologias unindo engenharia econômica e Engenharia de (bio)processos e sistemas : aplicação à produção de etanol de segunda geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18)
Furlan, Felipe Fernando
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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Secchi, Argimiro Resende
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
Lignocellulosic ethanol, also called second generation ethanol, is a promising alternative for decreasing fossil fuel dependency globally. Nevertheless, its production process still needs further improvements in order to achieve industrial feasibility. Despite the massive experimental effort in this area, threshold values to be pursued in order to attain an economically feasible process are still missing. In this context, this study focused on constructing a methodology for economic evaluation of early-stage developing processes, such as second generation ethanol, aiming to show the R&D area directions to be followed for a successful industrial implementation of the process. The systematic procedure integrates bioprocess systems engineering (PSE) and economic engineering tools to perform a “retro” tecno-economic analysis. This analysis is able to identify the main process variables that influence the economic feasibility of the process and their target values. Initially, the methodology was tested on a case study involving the production of succinic acid from sucrose by fermentation. The methodology was able to eliminate one of the variables initially considered (sucrose conversion), due to its low influence on the process feasibility. Additionally, target values were obtained for the succinic acid concentration in the fermenter as a function of the selectivity and the specific productivity (the process variables chosen). Finally, the integrated production of ethanol from sugarcane juice and bagasse (first and second generation ethanol, respectively) was assessed. The three variables with the highest effect on the economic feasibility of the process were: the biocatalyst yield, the sucrose conversion and the solid mass fraction, both in the hydrolysis reactor. The reactor productivity, on the other hand, had little impact on the process feasibility. Besides, the experimental results already achieved the values needed for this variable. In general, the methodology was able to yield important information about both case studies required improvements for achieving economic feasibility. Although used in biochemical processes, the methodology is general, applying to all types of chemical processes.
Produção otimizada de 1,3-propanodiol, ácido propiônico, etanol e hidrogênio, a partir de glicerol bruto e cultura mista, em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18)
Paranhos, Aline Gomes de Oliveira
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Silva, Edson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9803598246596705
This study aimed to optimize the production of hydrogen and other metabolites using crude glycerol as substrate, through design of experiments (DoE) and statistical process optimization. The first study aimed at optimizing the operational parameters of the fermentation process, and therefore, a mesophilic AFBR reactor was operated on 10 different phases, distributed as a combination of HRT and the glycerol concentration (Gc) proposed by a matrix containing CCD array containing 10 experimental trials. The HRT varied to 9.24h to 0.76h, while Gc ranged from 17.1g / L to 2.9 g / L. The results showed that the maximum conversion of glycerol (CG), 98.4%, was obtained using substrate concentrations lower than 5.0 g/L. The maximum yield (0.17 mol H2 / mol consumed glycerol) and H2 content in the produced biogas (87.4%) were achieved at concentrations greater than 10.0 g/L and HRT of 5h. Among the main soluble metabolites produced, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and propionic acid (HPr) stood out. The maximum yield of 1,3-PD (1.05 mol 1,3-PD / mol consumed glycerol) was obtained with 10.0 g/L glycerol in HRT of 9,24h, whereas the maximum yield of HPr (0.71 mol HPr / mol consumed glycerol) was achieved with 15.0 g/L of glycerol and HRT of 2h. The second study, in turn, consisted of optimizing the culture medium components (glycerol, KH2PO4, yeast extract and vitamin B12), through batch tests, and subsequent application in AFBR reactor. The maximum hydrogen and ethanol yields, 0.006 and 0.291 mol / mol consumed glycerol, was obtained in optimal culture medium consisting of 26.53 g/L glycerol, 1.75 g/L KH2PO4, 0.0076 g/L B12 and 0.5 g/L yeast extract. The application of optimal culture medium in a continuous reactor did not result in improvement of H2 and ethanol yields, however, caused an increase in 1,3-PD yield, reaching a maximum of 0.38 mol 1.3-PD / mol consumed glycerol.
Alelopatia em Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18)
Jatoba, Luciana de Jesus
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1762622258880441
Pteridium plants are ferns (monilopytes) distributed all around the globe. These plants are considered problem species as they invade recently abandoned or burned areas, and areas under anthropogenic impacts. In Brazil, Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. has become an important problem species at the Cerrado (Tropical Savanna) and Atlantic Forest biomes. To understand the mechanisms underlying invasive plants success are one of the greatest challenges of the last decades. Among the interaction that can influence this success, we find allelopathy. However, untill now we have few evidences for this phenomenon on these plants, especially from the isolation and indentification of secondary metabolites with activities related to allelopathy. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathy role by direct phytotoxicity and abiotic changes in Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. dominance in the areas it invades. To do so, the bioguided phytochemical study of this plant tissues and litter was performed, as well as the evaluation of the phytotoxic activity of phenolic compounds present in its litter and of its isolated and identified secondary metabolite against the early development of sesame, verifying the presence of this compound in the soil, its quantification, and evaluation of its interactions with physical and chemical soil characteristics. The phytochemical study led to the isolation and identification of a majoritarian compound in the plants green fronds and litter, the proanthocianidin selligueian A. This is the first time this compound is described for P. arachnoideum, as well as for the Dennstaediaceae family. Selligueain A showed phytotoxic activity against wheat coleoptiles elongation, with inhibitory activity over 71%, and IC50 of 0.69 mM. The poliphenols enriched fraction extracted from P. arachnoideum litter exert inhibitory activity against the early development of bioindicators species, native and invasive species of the Cerrado biome, specially over the development of these seedlings roots, besides activity against the metaxylem cells of sesame, and against chlorophyll content of sesame and the native weed Setaria parviflora. The allelopathic potential of the main poliphenolic compound of P. arachnoideum, selligueain A, was also evaluated against the early growth of sesame seedlings, promoting root and shoot growth in all the concentrations tested. Sesame seedlings grown in the presence of selligueain A showed smaller metaxylem cells when compared to the control, in the concentrations of 0.3 mM e 1 mM, with 50.82% inhibition in the greatest concentration and IC50 value of 0.98 mM. There was no activity of selligueain A against chlorophyll content of these seedlings. Analyses of extracts of soil collect under a P. arachnoideum patches pointed to the presence of selligueain A as major compound in soil solution, and, therefore, as a putative allelochemical produced by this plant. The concentration observed for this compound in the soil raged between 0.02 and 0.65 mM. According to allelopathic potential results, this concentration rage is sufficient to act over cooccurring plant species, promoting P. arachnoideum dominance. The presence of P. arachnoideum in Cerrado areas alters the chemical conditions of the soil, especially regarding N and Al, when compared to the presence of U. decumbens. Additionally, Al concentration is correlated to litter mass and to selligueain A concentration at the sites sampled. These results corroborates the hypothesis of allelopathy as a dominance mechanism of this plant in the areas where it occurs, with the first report of an allelochemical for a Pteridium species, by direct phytotoxic activity as well as by controlling Al concentration at those areas.