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Construção de uma sequência didática com situações-problema envolvendo matemática financeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-19)
Gimenes, Deivid Geraldo
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4200266058907319
This work deals with developing, structuring and implementation of a didactic sequence taught Financial Mathematics to high school students through reproduction environments able to provide them the opportunity to be protagonists in decisionmaking. Articulated with the French methodology of mathematics education known as Didactic Engineering, this pedagogical proposal has been designed with the aim of contributing to the youth actively participate in family financial planning. The first activity of the sequence focused on the inclusion of the student body in financial contexts in which situations were simulated conducive to learning and incorporating fundamental contents of Financial Mathematics. The second, favored the application of knowledge acquired, in scenarios where the Investment Analysis is essential for the provision of financial success. The results show that there was a significant learning capable of conferring the full potential students to apply the concepts covered in real situations, helping them to develop a new perspective on this important branch of mathematics.
Efeitos dos agrotóxicos diuron e carbofuran, isolados e em mistura, sobre organismos aquáticos e avaliação de risco ecológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Mansano, Adrislaine da Silva
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diuron and carbofuran, isolated and mixed, on Raphidocelis subcapitata, Paramecium caudatum and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and carry out a preliminary risk assessment of these pesticides for Brazilian water bodies. For this, acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with individual compounds and in combination, in its standard form and commercial formulations. The results showed that in individual action, these pesticides significantly inhibited the R. subcapitata population growth and caused physiological (chlorophyll a content) and morphological (complexity and cell size) changes in the cells. For this alga, the toxicity of standard active ingredients and their commercial formulations showed no significant differences. For the protozoan P. caudatum, acute toxicity tests evidenced an increase of mortality with increasing exposure time for the selected compounds. Moreover, these pesticides caused a significant decrease in population growth, number of generations and biomass of P. caudatum. The toxicity of standard diuron and its commercial formulation was similar for this protozoan, while commercial carbofuran was more toxic than its standard form, suggesting a synergistic interaction with “inert” ingredients. In contrast, for the cladoceran C. silvestrii, acute toxicity tests showed that diuron commercial product was 7.2 times more toxic than its standard active ingredient, whereas for carbofuran, commercial product was 1.5 times less toxic than its standard active ingredient. Regarding chronic toxicity of diuron herbicide, both standard and commercial form caused hormetic effects on fertility of C. silvestrii female. Carbofuran significantly reduced the reproduction of C. silvestrii at concentrations from 0.38 μg L-1 onwards. The tropical species C. silvestrii was more sensitive to these pesticides than cladocerans commonly used in temperate regions, and in addition, for carbofuran, this species was the most sensitive organism already tested (EC50-48h = 0,86 μg L-1). According to the toxicity tests results of diuron and carbofuran mixtures, acute and chronic exposures on all selected test organisms caused significant deviations from the toxicity predicted by Concentration Addition and Independent Action reference models. For P. subcapitata, data indicated the occurrence of synergism in the mixture of these compounds, especially when diuron is the dominant chemical in combination. For P. caudatum, dose ratio dependent deviation (synergism caused by carbofuran and antagonism caused by diuron) was observed in acute exposure and deviation for antagonism was verified for population growth at sublethal concentrations of the standard compounds mixtures. For C. silvestrii, antagonism was observed in low doses and synergism at high doses, predominating synergism in acute exposures of standard pesticides mixtures, while for reproduction the deviation for antagonism was found. The commercial product mixtures of diuron and carbofuran showed significantly different effects and more severe than the standard compounds mixtures for P. caudatum and C. silvestrii. Therefore, diuron and carbofuran mixture can interact and cause toxic responses different from those predicted for individual compounds. According to the concentrations found in water bodies in Brazil, these compounds can cause direct and indirect toxic effects on communities of algae, protozoa and cladocerans and may change the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In a preliminary risk assessment of these pesticides, risk quotients were larger than 1, indicating that diuron and carbofuran represent potential ecological risks to Brazilian water bodies. Given the above, it is concluded that the pesticides studied alone and in combination, caused toxicity to test organisms and represent potential ecological risk for aquatic environments, which suggests the implementation by the regulatory agencies of more stringent measures for the use of pesticides to improve the protection of aquatic biota.
Modelagem e meta-heurísticas para o problema de roteamento de veículos com janelas de tempo, múltiplos entregadores e múltiplas viagens em uma empresa de distribuição de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Souza Neto, José Ferreira de
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3342241546549286
Vehicle routing problems occur in many practical situations where the pickup and/or delivery of goods is required. In this context, the present research aims to contribute to the study of logistic operations that arise in companies that deliver products on a regular basis to customers in densely populated urban areas. The problem consists in designing minimal cost daily routes serving the maximal number of customers. To this end, the crew of each vehicle comprise multiple deliverymen as means to reduce service times. Based on a case study in a drinks producer and distributor in the state of São Paulo, it is proposed a mixed integer linear programming model that comprise costs with own and chartered vehicles and the number of deliverymen, and various operational constraints such as time windows in customers, multiple daily trips, time limitations for the circulation of some vehicle types in specific areas, compatibility between vehicles and customers, maximum load in each vehicle, maximum route time and minimum load for the realization of a second trip. Results obtained by solving the model with real instances through exact (branch&cut), heuristic (constructive, local search, GRASP and Simulated Annealing) and hybrid (GRASP and branch&cut) approaches demonstrate the good quality of the generated solutions, and indicate the potential of application of some of these methods in practice.
Hábitos alimentares e conservação do lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) (Illiger, 1815) em um remanescente de Cerrado em Pirassununga – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Müller, Samara Thays Moreira
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Rocha, Vlamir José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0564701870794442
The Brazilian Cerrado, the second largest biome in the country, holds a high diversity of species. An important remnant is located at the Air Force Academy (AFA). Previous to this project, no biological studies had ever been carried out on AFA grounds and collecting extensive data in this area will be crucial for its conservation. An important step is to gather knowledge about species of conservation interest such as the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), which is considered both a key-species and a flagship species for the Cerrado. It is estimated that over 90% of the maned wolf’s world population lives in Brazil, where the species is considered threatened and classified as “vulnerable”. Therefore, the protection of this species must be a priority in conservation projects in the country. It is also necessary that conservation efforts include a new way of looking at environmental challenges, in which humans are considered an integral part of the environment. The involvement of local communities can be decisive in the success or failure of conservation programs. In order to contribute to the conservation of the Cerrado, this project sought to verify the occurrence of the maned wolf in the Cerrado fragments at AFA and study the feeding habits of this species through the analysis of fecal samples. In addition, we tried to understand the perceptions of the workers at AFA regarding the Cerrado fragments and their associated wildlife, as well as the relationships between these people and the natural areas. The diet of the maned wolf was studied through the analysis of 61 fecal samples collected from October 2014 to September 2015. By frequency of occurrence, the queen palm coconut, arthropods and the wolf’s fruit were the most consumed items. Queen palm coconut, armadillos and lizards provided most of the consumed biomass. The niche breadth calculated through the standardized Levins’ index was 0,29 and chi-square and G tests showed there is seasonality in the diet. Our findings support the view that maned wolves are omnivorous. The items consumed were similar to the ones found in studies in more pristine areas, but there was a variation regarding the relative importance of food categories. The queen palm coconut and Arthropods were more frequent than in other studies, while birds, rodents and reptiles were found in smaller numbers. We investigated the perception of the personnel from AFA towards the Cerrado through the analysis of 40 semi structured interviews. The results indicate that most people do not have any knowledge regarding the fragments. This lack of knowledge is directly related to the attitudes that people have towards the Cerrado: most participants reported that they don’t feel any kind of connection with the biome. Finally, using the principles of critical environmental education as reference, we suggest a series of activities that can be employed to transform the relationship of these people with the environment. We emphasize that more studies should be done in this area, to which there is little information.
Blenda de Polihidróxibutirato(PHB)/Copoliéster Alifático Aromático (AAC) Ecoflex® reforçada com nanofibras de celulose (NFC): análise da resistência mecânica e propriedades químicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Raimundo, Ivan Freitas
;
Menezes, Aparecido Junior de
;
Botaro, Vagner Roberto
Due to increasing use of polymeric materials in society and the large volume of of those materials disposal in nature, the biodegradable polymers have increased interest in research of materials area. The Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polymer used in this work for preparation of a blend with other biodegradable polymer, the aromatic aliphatic Copoliéster (AAC). The central idea was to obtain a material that maintain good mechanical properties due to resistance of PHB and flexibility of the AAC. The percentages reasons in mass of PHB:AAC used for the prepration of physical mixture were 90:10, 80:20 and 95:5. The blends preparation has employed in a first step a solubilization process using chloroform as solvent and after thermoforming process as final preparation step. Some blends were reinforced with cellulose nanofibers extracted from bamboo (NFC) to form a composite. Some techiniques were used to determine the properties of the blend: analysis of FTIR, SEM, DMTA and optical microscopy. DMA tests in tensile module have shown that the blend offers interesting properties, such as increased flexibility of some blends when compared to the PHB without significant decrease in mechanical strength. The images obtained in SEM showed that there is interaction between the phases present in the blend and that this interaction benefits the miscibility, however the increase in composition of Ecoflex in the blend results on phase separation which can cause changes in the mechanical and chemical properties. The results obtained by DMA analysis on flexural modulus and also the DSC analysis have showed important informations about the the miscibility of blends and the relation of miscibility and temperature. For the composites it became evident that the addition of nanofibers have occasioned in 10 to 15% change in the values of the storage and loss module, making the more rigid material when compared to the bends
Variabilidade genética em populações de Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. (Myristicaceae): uma espécie ameaçada da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Corrêa, Aparecida Juliana Martins
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4940603316970363
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. é uma espécie dioica e ameaçada de extinção, dado o seu alto valor comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar se as consequências da atividade exploratória podem ter acarretado em perdas de diversidade genética nas populações estudadas na Amazônia paraense. Foram feitas amostragens para os indivíduos adultos em quatro localidades, avaliando-se a estrutura genética, com 136 indivíduos, em nove populações; e a estrutura da população por meio de inventário, em 12 populações. Foi realizada a genotipagem para oito locos microssatélites para a avaliação da diversidade e estrutura genética espacial, divergência entre populações e coeficiente de coancestria. No inventário, os indivíduos foram analisados segundo a distribuição diamétrica, de altura e espacial para avaliar a intensidade exploratória. Os resultados genéticos apontaram que as nove populações foram polimórficas para os locos utilizados, no entanto, com excesso de homozigotos, com alta heterozigosidade esperada (0,896) e baixa heterozigosidade observada (0,374). A diversidade genética está contida muito mais dentro (0,918) do que entre (0,017) as populações. A estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional foi decorrente do cruzamento entre indivíduos aparentados, equivalente à primos de primeiro grau e meios irmãos, confirmados pela presença de poucos adultos e muitos jovens agregados entre si nas populações. No inventário, houve diferença entre as regiões estudadas quanto à distribuição diamétrica (Cametá e Cotijuba), mas não com relação à distribuição de altura; todas as populações apresentam algum grau de agregação, no entanto, as populações de Cotijuba foram altamente agregadas, segundo o índice de Green (IG = 0,7 a 0,9). Dadas as condições das populações estudadas, houve perdas de diversidade genética decorrentes da atividade extrativa em consequência da própria ecologia da espécie.
Desenvolvimento de modelos de calibração multivariada em espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo para ácidos graxos em amostras de carne bovina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Sousa, Jonas da Silva
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2951108546726718
The Brazilian cattle have shown promise prominence in the international market compared to other commodities. It already knows the important role of fatty acids in the complimentarily of human nutrition. On the other hand, studies have linked the consumption of beef with increasing rate of diseases associated with high levels of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. Because of these two aspects on the topic meat (nutritional value and human health), it is seen necessary to determine the levels oftrans fatty acids in meat. Among the methods for analysis of total lipids and lipid profile, stands out the extraction of fat and chromatography, respectively. In this project was proposed to develop multivariate calibration models for the analysis of total lipids and lipid profile with the use of near-infrared spectroscopy in beef samples which the levels were previously determined. Eighteen properties were analyzed, including: total lipids and myristic fatty acids, pentadecylic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, α-linolenic and families of fatty acids with branched, saturated, monounsaturated (cis), conjugated linoleic (cis, trans), and omega 3 and 6 polyunsaturated. We used 127 bovine meat samples from the calibration steps and internal validation (2/3 to 1/3 calibration and validation for internal and 32 external validation samples. We used the PLSR method for the construction of multivariate models. Flesh spectra were extended from 1111 to 1937, and from 2016 to 2500 nm regions, and regions concerning water and noise judged as interfering in the calibration process were removed during the models construction. We evaluated the performance of the models based on the applied pre-treatments (smoothing, first derivative Savitzky-Golay, SNV), the number of latent variables, consistency, SEC, SEP and determination coefficients (R2 cal/val). The models chosen as having better predictive capacity were those of total lipids, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margárico and saturated fatty acids, demonstrating that the NIRS has a high potential for the quantification of lipid constituents of the beef.
Valores de vitamina D e irisina e sua correlação com a composição corporal em crianças com adrenarca precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Furino, Vanessa de Oliveira
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Germano, Carla Maria Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5406611490052377
Introduction: Premature adrenarche (PA) is characterized by the appearance of pubic hair and/or axillary, acne and body odor before age 8 in girls and before 9 in boys and these individuals are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Vitamin D and irisin seem to have an active role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, however, little is known of the role of these hormones in the PA. Objective: To analyze the vitamin D and irisin levels in children diagnosed with PA and the relationship of these substances with body composition of these children. Methodology: a quantitative exploratory cross-sectional study that evaluated 15 children diagnosed with PA and 15 controls (C) matched recruited in the public health of the city of São Carlos, Brazil. Anthropometric data were analyzed: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The participants did tests of FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, blood glucose, insulin, 17OHP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, triglycerides (TG), S-DHEA, 25(OH)D and irisin. Data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 5 program. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to assess the difference between means and the correlation through the Spearman test, with 5% significance level. Results: There was no significant difference between the C and PA groups in anthropometric data. The TG levels (99 ± 14.8 mg/dl in the children C versus 68 ± 9.1 mg/dl in children with PA) (p= 0.0233) and 25(OH)D (26 ± 0.9 ng/ml in the children C versus 30.2 ± 1.6 ng/ml in children with PA) (p= 0.0307) significantly were different between groups. In group C the variable that correlated significantly with irisin was 25(OH)D (r= -0.9358); in the PA group: LDL (r= 0.5620), 17OHP (r= 0.6014), TG (r= 0.6434), insulin (r= 0.5998) and relationship glucose/insulin (r= -0.7033). In group C the variable that was significantly correlated with vitamin D was irisin (r = -0.9358); there was no significant correlation of variables with 25(OH)D in the AP group. Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed higher percentage of individuals with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and CA high in the PA group, important markers of MetS and future cardiovascular disease. An innovative result of this study was the strong negative correlation between irisin and 25(OH)D found in C children, suggesting an interaction of these two hormones in these individuals, which may be related to compensatory modulation of irisin in response to changing metabolism lipid found in this group. In children with PA, the highest correlation of metabolic parameters with irisin may represent a physiological modulation of this hormone by elements related to carbohydrate metabolism (as in control children C) and a specific modulation in PA, due to the same pathophysiological mechanisms that result in unfavorable metabolic profile. Since the PA can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, these children must have a suitable and long-term clinical follow-up.
Problemas elípticos não lineares envolvendo equações do tipo Kirchhoff
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Guimarães, Mateus Balbino
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9606661651573155
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2453670728817949
In this work we study the existence of weak solutions for four nonlinear elliptic problems of Kirchhoff type. These problems have in common the presence of a function M : R+ [ f0g ! R+; known as Kirchhoff-type function. The first problem deals with a Kirchhoff type equation involving subcritical exponents while the second problem deals with the same equation but with a critical Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg exponent. In the third problem, we study a system of Kirchhoff type equations involving critical Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg exponents. The latter problem involves a Kirchhoff type operator and a nonlinear boundary condition. Due to the presence of the Kirchhoff type operator in the equations, these problems are called nonlocal problems. This phenomenon causes some mathematical difficulties, which makes the study of such a class of problem, particularly interesting. In our studies we used classical variational methods such as The Mountain Pass Theorem and the Krasnoseslkii genus theory.
Metodologias de síntese e modificações estruturais em meso-Tetraarilporfirinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-21)
Momo, Patrícia Betoni
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7510519147041551
In this thesis we describe studies towards the synthesis of porphyrins aiming the optimization of literature protocols leading to more environmental friendly approaches. Also, structural modifications and photophysical evaluations in meso-tetraarylporphyrins were studied, especially in mesotetra(thien-2-yl) porphyrins. Classical synthetic methods for porphyrins involve the use of high temperatures, toxic solvents, high dilution, and often low yields. In view of this, we decided to explore the methodology described by Bonar-Law in order to verify the feasibility of using aqueous environments in the synthesis of porphyrins. Some modifications were studied using sodium dodecylbenzylsulfonate (SDBS) as a critical micelle-forming instead of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as previously described, and the use of trichloroisocyanuric acid as oxidizing agent instead of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and montmorillonite K-10 as catalyst instead of HCl. These were chosen in order to use reagents with less environmental impact. However, the results were not satisfactory, yielding amounts of side-products reported in the literature. Also, we have studied the synthesis of porphyrins under continuous flow conditions, since the use of this technology gives more safety and efficiency to chemical reactions. The experiments under continuous flow conditions were performed using an adaptation of Gonsalves and Lindsey methodologies. First, the synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was optimized, and different flow, temperature and concentration of reagents were evaluated in order to obtain the best reaction conditions. Thus, under continuous flow conditions employing tubular reactors (adaptations Gonsalves methodology), the highest yield for mesotetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was 31% using a concentration of 0.2 mol L-1 for the pyrrol, and benzaldehyde, a flow of 0.6 mL min-1 at 140 °C. For comparison, the same experiment performed in batch resulted in 25% yield for TPP. Moreover, streaming technology has enabled the synthesis of various meso-substituted derivatives in yields of 9% to 39% indicating good versatility of this tool. The use of solid phase reactors (Lindsey methodology adaptations) consisted of preliminary experiments should be explored in more detail and will be carried on by the research group. With regard to meso-tetra(2-thienyl)porphyrins, these exhibit unique photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties and have been identified as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and solar cells (CS) applications. In view of this, we decided to study different conditions for the synthesis, structural modification and the photodynamic properties of these porphyrin derivatives. Meso-tetra(2-thienyl)porphyrin was successfully synthesized using different methodologies with improvements in the yields after experimental modifications of the literature procedures. After systematic studies, meso-tetra(thien-2-yl)porphyrin was obtained in pure form with 36% yield, using chlorobenzene as solvent, hydroxylamine hydrochloride as catalyst and nitrobenzene as oxidant. Nitration reactions were carried out using mild reaction conditions with sodium nitrite and trifluoroacetic acid. The nitrated derivatives were obtained at α-position of thiophene in 66% yield for the mono-nitro product and 59% for the tetra-nitro product. Also, the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was studied for obtaining functionalized meso-tetra(2-thienyl)porphyrins with formyl groups. In these studies only formylations at the α-position of the thiophene ring were observed, and no formylation at the β position of the porphyrin core (common for tetraphenylporphyrins). Moreover, we obtained reaction conditions in which only mono-formylated product was formed (10%), or only the tetra-formylated product (10%), as well as experimental conditions that yielded different products (mono, di, tri and tetra -formylated). After obtaining the desired formylated product, we studied the application of mono-formylated product in Wittig reaction, Peterson olefination and condensation with 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4adiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY ). The latter studies were only an initial exploration and still require further elaboration. Porphyrin derivatives as 2-thienyl-chlorins and 2-thieny- bacteriochlorins were obtained by cycloaddition reactions with nitrile oxide 1,3-dipole with good yields. Also, preliminary photophysical studies of these compounds were performed in order to evaluate the potential of these photosensitizers as photoactive dyes. The photophysical results indicated that the obtained compounds are good producers of oxygen, present good photo-stability and did not undergo aggregation in the studied concentration range. Therefore, the 2- thienyl-chlorins and 2-thienyl-bacteriochlorins obtained in this study showed promising characteristics for use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Finally, the new heterocycles herein obtained presented bathochromic shift of the absorption bands in the electromagnetic spectrum, since molecules having this characteristic represent high interest in chemical photosensitizers.
Desafios e possibilidades do Pibid : uma análise das práticas docentes em educação ambiental de educadoras/es em formação inicial dos cursos de biologia e de educação física da Unesp de Rio Claro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-22)
Tibúrcio, Gabriela Santos
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0605511464034443
The central aim of this research was contribute to the construction of knowledge about teaching practices used by a group associated to the Institutional Program of Teaching Initiation Scholarship (Pibid) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp). In order to evidence real and viable conditions for the elaboration and execution of environmental education practices and interdisciplinarity by basic schools’ teachers we sought to approach them to the realities of the public school. The research included the participation of undergraduate students of biological sciences course (former scholar of the program), and an elementary school science teacher. The research has been developed from the communicative-critical methodology guidelines. In the first article, as collection procedure, we analyze documents with specific aim of reflect about the current conjuncture of teachers training in Brazil. These documents were: reports issued by Capes, the subproject notice of Pibid group in question and documents produced by the group throughout the realization of the projects. In other articles, were conducted communicative discussion groups, based on the intersubjectivity arising from the collective reflection of the participating people as collective procedure. The analysis of the research sought to identify potentially transformative elements and potentially barriers’ elements to the themes of research – interdisciplinarity (article 2), environmental education (article 3) and teachers training (article 4) – in order to understand limits and possibilities of each one of them in the context of Brazilian public school. As main results, we identified real and viable possibilities of interdisciplinary practices and environmental education practices, in a critical perspective, in the scholar context from the articulation between initial and continuing teachers training, in a proposal for collective work. Moreover, the results showed the importance of work in this perspective throughout the formative process of teachers and, accordingly, we consider the Pibid as highly relevant program for critical teachers training and, in this direction, we emphasize the importance of the fight for public policies that enhance the teaching career.
Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado no desempenho cardiovascular e metabólico em indivíduos diabéticos – ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-22)
Bassi-Dibai, Daniela
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0861598490954598
The thesis consists of three studies described below. Study I, entitled: Poor glycemic control impacts the linear dynamic and nonlinear heart rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose objective was to evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with T2DM without autonomic neuropathy cardiovascular. This is a descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study. The resting heart rate (HR) and RR interval (RR intervals) were obtained and calculated by linear methods and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV). Insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and HbA1c were obtained by blood tests. We concluded that the poor glycemic control associated with cardiac autonomic modulation indices in patients with type 2 diabetes, though not exhibit cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Following the Study II, entitled Type 2 diabetes coexistence of effects and systemic hypertension (SH) in HRV and cardiorespiratory performance, which aimed to evaluate the influence of hypertension in cardiac autonomic neuropathy and cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2. The evaluation included collection of iRR for further analysis of HRV, it was collected in the supine position followed by incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (ICET) on a cycle ergometer. The results revealed a greater loss of HRV when there is overlapping of diseases. Additionally, there was an association of responses affected HRV with cardiopulmonary function markers impaired to exercise. Finally, the Study III, entitled: Potential effects on cardiorespiratory and metabolic status after a physical aerobic concurrent training program and has resisted in diabetic volunteers - Randomized Study and controlled. The objective was to evaluate metabolic profile, glycemic control and exercise capacity in diabetic volunteers after participating in an aerobic and resistance concurrent training program (AR-CT) for a period of three months. The evaluation included the ICET the cycle ergometer and 1-RM tests. Ventilation, hemodynamic measurements were performed during the ICET and peripheral muscle strength by isokinetic dynamometer. The program consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise and 30 minutes of resistance exercise of upper and lower limbs. The results showed an improvement in glycemic control and lipid profile in addition to increased peripheral muscle strength and exercise capacity. These data together suggest that the exercise program constitutes an important strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, producing both physiological and functional improvements in this population.
Gestão de portfólio de projetos tecnológicos : o caso das instituições brasileiras públicas de pesquisa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-22)
Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3068545049049467
Institutions are still looking for effective and efficient practices of their portfolio project management (PPM). Similarly, public research laboratories (PRL) are also pursuing this practice. However, these have organizational and institutional factors that differentiate them from private companies. In this way, through a literature review and case studies, developed a theoretical framework to identify and represent the organizational and institutional influence factors in practices and processes of PPM inside Brazilian public research institutions. Based on the five cases realized (a University, an institution with ties to state-owned company and three research institutions linked to Brazilian Government ministries) was able to evaluate the five factors: organizational aspects, institutional environment, identification, selection and priorization of opportunities, administration of resources and development of partnerships. It could be listed as findings of this thesis: the low adoption of PPM practices in national research institutions, the influence of public policy in the development of research activities of these institutions, and the need for a better development of managerial practices of administrative activities. Only two institutions studied have structured procedures to select, prioritize, track and monitor their projects portfolios.
Estudo da resistência à fadiga da liga Ti-6Al-4V com superfície modificada por tratamento químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-22)
Escobar Claros, Cesar Adolfo
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Oliveira, Diego Pedreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388790875028551
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Chemical surface treatments (CST) in cementless and endosseous implants are used to increase the implant-bone contact area, reducing the period of osseointegration and favouring bonding ability between implants and bone. However, surface modifications can affect the fatigue strength of these materials, especially the fatigue crack nucleation. For these reasons, this work evaluated the influence of the surface modification using acid etching, combined with alkaline treatment on the fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. The topography developed by chemical surface treatments was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Increased roughness and the effective surface area were investigated and compared with the Ti-6Al-4V samples without modification. Surface composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Axial fatigue resistances of polished and modified surfaces were determined by stepwise load increase tests and staircase test method. Finally, SEM was employed to examine the fracture surface of the tested specimens. According to the results, it was observed a similar fatigue behavior of the chemically treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy compared to the samples without treatment.
Novas sensibilidades culturais, novos mercados: representações sobre idosos na imprensa de negócios brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-22)
Soulé, Fernanda Veríssimo
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0360393792578550
The aim of this study was to analyze the concepts of old age that have been spread by the economics and business media in the context of increasing longevity of the Brazilian population. The analysis of the production of cultural frames regarding age reveals that a notion generally taken as purely natural is actually a historical and social construction. Shifts in cultural perceptions of age have changed the economic space and also contributed to the diffusion of new understandings about it. Drawing on the Reflexive Sociology of Bourdieu and taking as references works of Economic Sociology, Sociology of Generations, Gerontology and Anthropology of Aging, the economic sphere and the markets were taken as social constructions. The statements produced by the magazines Exame and Pequenas Empresas Grandes Negócios (Small Companies, Big Businesses - PEGN) between 1990 and 2014 were analyzed based on the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin (1979). Old age represented in these magazines intend to sensitize two specific economic characters: the executive, in the case of Exame, and small business owners in the case of PEGN. In this sense, it was revealed the themes, terms, ideas, markets, organizations, people, authors, among other issues, to which they appealed to trigger identities associated with old age in their audience. First, each magazine was analyzed individually and then in a more aggregated way. Four ideas dominate the media space analyzed: planning for retirement; the domination of the economic logic to think about old age; the aging population and its macro and micro-economic impacts and; aspects related to boundaries and generational disputes. In general, publications analyzed alternate between the micro level, where each individual is responsible for his old age, and the macro level, dealing with the State and demographic changes. Old age is proposed as a privileged moment of fulfillment of dreams postponed during other phases of life. This emerging notion clashes with other more negative, that consider old age as a source of misery or expense, creating barriers to its reframing. Besides, the representations of generational issue turn out to be limited by orthodoxy, as in the case of the pension systems for retirement, in which it is reinforced the capitalization logic rather than the pay-as-you-go one. These ideas promote an individualized conception of old age instead of proposals that evoke an intergenerational solidarity.
Modulação dos receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT2C DO complexo amigdalóide sobre os efeitos da fluoxetina na antinocicepção induzida pelo confinamento de camundongos aos braços do labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Tavares, Ligia Renata Rodrigues
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Baptista de Souza, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6261369005670849
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
Previous studies have implicated the 5HT1A and 5HT2C serotonin receptors subtypes located within the amygdala in the modulation of defensive behaviors in rodents exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Further studies have shown that exposure to a threatening stimulus can result in pain inhibition. This study evaluated the effects of intra-amygdala injections of 5HT1A and 5HT2C receptor agonists on open arms antinociception (OAA) in the EPM, and possible alterations of this response with concomitant fluoxetine treatment. Male Swiss mice received 0.1 μl intra-amygdala injections of either 5.6 or 10 nmol of 8-OHDPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and an i.p. injection of 0.6% acetic acid, a nociceptive stimulus. After confirming the start of writhing, half of the animals in each group were confined to the OA and half to the EA of the EPM, to record the number of writhes during a five-minute period (Experiment 1) A similar experimental protocol was repeated in the experiments described below. Subsequently, the animals received combined injections of fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg) and 10 nmol of 8-OHDPAT (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the animals received injections of either 0.21 or 0.63 nmol of MK-212, a 5-HT2C receptor agonist, and combined injections of fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg) and 0.63 nmol of MK-212 (Experiment 4). Our results showed that intra-amygdala infusions of 8-OH-DPAT enhanced nociception in both arms. Combined administration of fluoxetine and 8-OH-DPAT did not alter the observed effects. Injection of MK-212 increased the OAA, while combined administration of fluoxetine and MK-212 reversed the increase in OAA observed with MK-212 injection. These findings suggest that OAA is mediated by 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors located in the amygdala. Fluoxetine interacted with 5-HT2C receptors, blocking the increase of OAA induced by activation of this serotonin receptor subtype.
Localização de regiões potenciais para integração do kDNA de Trypanosoma cruzi no genoma humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Santana, Jhonne Pedro Pedott
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Borra, Ricardo Carneiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5655362515357840
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Leonardecz, Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5987629981784287
Knowledge about horizontal gene transfer has been proposed even before the determination of the molecular structure of DNA. It has been experimentally shown that micro-homologies rich in adenine and cytosine mediates the integration of Trypanosoma cruzi’s kDNA minicircle, in the vertebrate genome. After human genome sequencing, the genome characterization of different organisms has been one of the main driving forces of science, providing a quantity of biological data for modern biomedical research, unprecedented in the history of science. However, even though traditional DNA mapping algorithms are highly accurate, they operate at a much lower rate than that needed for the next generation sequencers to accumulate new data. This great asymmetry between data generation and analysis capability requires the rapid evolution of mapping and reading algorithms so that this large volume of information can be worked through targeted searches. Thus, this work proposes an efficient, fast and easy way to search and locate multiple signatures of indicators that allow exogenous kDNA integration in the human genome, by creating a set of scripts for in silico analysis adapted to large files sequences. Three scripts based in R language were developed: to permute the elements (nucleic acids or amino acids codes); for search, grouping and plotting matches in genome; and for counting total matches and chromosomal window. All adenine and cytosine signatures were properly identified in the human genome, but no point more susceptible to T. cruzi kDNA integration was identified. With the obtained data, a genetic map was created, listing all matchings in each cytogenetic band, but it was not possible to identify which chromosome was more prone to mutations, since the bigger the chromosome is, the higher the quantity of matches are.
Efeito do envelhecimento em baixa temperatura nas propriedades de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Silva, Rodrigo da
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
In this work, the mechanical and corrosion properties of two lean duplex steels (LDSS) 2101 and 2404 aged at 475 °C for up to 2000 h were assessed, and the obtained results were compared with the standard duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205. The microstructural changes were analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM), X ray diffraction (XRD), measured by ferritescope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were assessed based on Vickers microhardness measurements and Charpy impact tests. The corrosion resistance was assessed by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR), anodic polarization in 3.5% NaCl solution and immersion tests in ferric chloride solution. The analysis by optical microscope and X ray diffraction of the samples solution treated and aged for 2000 h of the studied materials do not reveal microstructural change as a function of thermal aging. However, the measurements by ferritescope show a decrease in magnetic permeability of the ferrite with the extension of aging time for 2000 h. TEM analysis of the samples aged for 2000 h show that the formation of α’ phase occurs in all materials. However, precipitation of G phase is much greater in the AID 2205. Hardness measurements show that the hardening effect caused by the formation of α’ phase is higher in DSS 2205. On the other hand, impact tests show that the LDSS 2404 has the smaller impact toughness property of the studied alloys as a function of thermal aging. DL-EPR results show that the LDSS 2101 has the greater degree of Cr depletion with aging for 2000 h. Anodic polarization measurements of the materials studied show that the thermal aging for 2000 h promotes a decrease in Epit, causing an increase in the density and size of pits. Immersion tests in ferric chloride solution showed a higher corrosion rate for the DSS 2205 as a function of aging time for 2000 h
O discurso político da luta contra a pobreza : uma análise de sua produção e circulação no contexto brasileiro contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Turati, Carlos Alberto
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0516557306456087
In our research, we investigate the discourse on the fight against poverty in the contemporary Brazilian political sphere, by analyzing the aspects of constitution, formulation and circulation of this discourse. More specifically, we take as a starting point, for the analysis, a set of speeches presented by President Dilma Rousseff in 2011, the year in which the federal government has adopted the slogan Rich country is country without poverty, and has made the fight against poverty a central goal of government actions. Supported by theoretical and methodological framework of Discourse Analysis and having as main reference the work of Michel Pêcheux, we take as a theoretical presupposition that all discursive practice is entered in contradictory-unequal- overdetermined complex of discursive formations that characterizes the ideological instance in given historical conditions. Therefore, we consider the category of the material contradiction as a constitutive condition of the discursive process, such that we consider it as a theoretical principle that guides the research and, at the same time, as the object of analysis. From this perspective, first we search to understand some historical determinations of the processes of meaning production. Thus, we identified in the context of European industrialization that the hegemonic form of the fight against poverty, already in its origin, is constituted by a set of contradictions that indicate that its goal is first of all a goal of the ruling classes, having in the classical liberal thought the basis of its formation. Similarly, we have identified that in the historical context of the Brazilian national problems, since the extractive activities until the contemporary capitalism, certain meanings that relate poverty to the public menace and violence, that take it as an indirect social and economic concern and that constitute the poor as naturally incapable feature an elitist and vertical view of the problem. Then we investigated how the contemporary form of the discourse on the fight against poverty acquired a central role in Brazilian politics, becoming a kind of categorical imperative of political and discursive actions. We seek to identify how this discourse has its hegemonic reproduction guaranteed, where apparent and naturalized differences serve to cover the constitutive contradictions that materialize the class conflicts that generate social inequalities. Thus, we see how the forms of functioning of the discourse on the fight against poverty configure strategies by which its constitutive contradictions are rarefied, erased, displaced and forgotten. If the first and most apparent contradiction of this discourse is the fact that it becomes hegemonic under the dictates and the impulse of monetary institutions, in our analysis, we observed that its hegemonic condition in the Brazilian political field has its efficiency guaranteed because such discourse functions contradictorily as evidence, consensus and truth to be taught; it mutes the agents and processes of exploitation by the capital, producing consensus within the contradictions and operating a management of the polemic within the political field; it is based on moral, subjectifying the poverty; it produces an erosion of collective identities of resistance; it delegitimizes politically the organized groups and individuals in their fight against inequalities; and subjective the poor as economic subject in a passive dimension.
Microfabricação de guias ópticos em vidros óxidos de metais pesados contendo terras-raras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Montesso, Murilo
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Nalin, Marcelo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3349586880746735
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8981815637926638
In this study, we present the production and characterization of a novel binary glass system: (100-x)SbPO4-xGeO2 where x = 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mol %. The dependence of GeO2 content on thermal, structural and optical properties were investigated by thermal analysis (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible absorption, infrared transmittance and M-lines techniques. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) shows an almost constant value around 400 °C when GeO2 content was increased. Thermal stability (ΔT = Tx-Tg) increases almost linearly with GeO2 content reaching a maximum value (300 °C). Ions Er3+ and Yb3+ were further incorporated into system SG in different proportions. Infrared and up-conversion emission processes were investigated. The emission spectra in the infrared region showed that the incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the glass composition increases the emission intensity at 1538 nm (4I13/2  4I15/2). The up-conversion processes showed a higher intensity emission at 522 nm and 544 nm (green) and 652 nm (red) regions and the emission mechanism has been the same as proposed in several works in literature. Finally, the glass sample showing the highest emission intensity at 1538 nm was chosen for micromachining using femtosecond laser. The waveguides having the lowest propagation losses were used for the optical internal gain proceeds. The best result obtained for internal gain at 1535 nm was around 1.7 dB/cm and this value is in agreement with other glass systems based on germanium and phosphates glasses present in literature.