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Modulação dos receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT2C DO complexo amigdalóide sobre os efeitos da fluoxetina na antinocicepção induzida pelo confinamento de camundongos aos braços do labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Tavares, Ligia Renata Rodrigues
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Baptista de Souza, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6261369005670849
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
Previous studies have implicated the 5HT1A and 5HT2C serotonin receptors subtypes located within the amygdala in the modulation of defensive behaviors in rodents exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Further studies have shown that exposure to a threatening stimulus can result in pain inhibition. This study evaluated the effects of intra-amygdala injections of 5HT1A and 5HT2C receptor agonists on open arms antinociception (OAA) in the EPM, and possible alterations of this response with concomitant fluoxetine treatment. Male Swiss mice received 0.1 μl intra-amygdala injections of either 5.6 or 10 nmol of 8-OHDPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and an i.p. injection of 0.6% acetic acid, a nociceptive stimulus. After confirming the start of writhing, half of the animals in each group were confined to the OA and half to the EA of the EPM, to record the number of writhes during a five-minute period (Experiment 1) A similar experimental protocol was repeated in the experiments described below. Subsequently, the animals received combined injections of fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg) and 10 nmol of 8-OHDPAT (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the animals received injections of either 0.21 or 0.63 nmol of MK-212, a 5-HT2C receptor agonist, and combined injections of fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg) and 0.63 nmol of MK-212 (Experiment 4). Our results showed that intra-amygdala infusions of 8-OH-DPAT enhanced nociception in both arms. Combined administration of fluoxetine and 8-OH-DPAT did not alter the observed effects. Injection of MK-212 increased the OAA, while combined administration of fluoxetine and MK-212 reversed the increase in OAA observed with MK-212 injection. These findings suggest that OAA is mediated by 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors located in the amygdala. Fluoxetine interacted with 5-HT2C receptors, blocking the increase of OAA induced by activation of this serotonin receptor subtype.
Localização de regiões potenciais para integração do kDNA de Trypanosoma cruzi no genoma humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Santana, Jhonne Pedro Pedott
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Borra, Ricardo Carneiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5655362515357840
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Leonardecz, Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5987629981784287
Knowledge about horizontal gene transfer has been proposed even before the determination of the molecular structure of DNA. It has been experimentally shown that micro-homologies rich in adenine and cytosine mediates the integration of Trypanosoma cruzi’s kDNA minicircle, in the vertebrate genome. After human genome sequencing, the genome characterization of different organisms has been one of the main driving forces of science, providing a quantity of biological data for modern biomedical research, unprecedented in the history of science. However, even though traditional DNA mapping algorithms are highly accurate, they operate at a much lower rate than that needed for the next generation sequencers to accumulate new data. This great asymmetry between data generation and analysis capability requires the rapid evolution of mapping and reading algorithms so that this large volume of information can be worked through targeted searches. Thus, this work proposes an efficient, fast and easy way to search and locate multiple signatures of indicators that allow exogenous kDNA integration in the human genome, by creating a set of scripts for in silico analysis adapted to large files sequences. Three scripts based in R language were developed: to permute the elements (nucleic acids or amino acids codes); for search, grouping and plotting matches in genome; and for counting total matches and chromosomal window. All adenine and cytosine signatures were properly identified in the human genome, but no point more susceptible to T. cruzi kDNA integration was identified. With the obtained data, a genetic map was created, listing all matchings in each cytogenetic band, but it was not possible to identify which chromosome was more prone to mutations, since the bigger the chromosome is, the higher the quantity of matches are.
Efeito do envelhecimento em baixa temperatura nas propriedades de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Silva, Rodrigo da
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
In this work, the mechanical and corrosion properties of two lean duplex steels (LDSS) 2101 and 2404 aged at 475 °C for up to 2000 h were assessed, and the obtained results were compared with the standard duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205. The microstructural changes were analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM), X ray diffraction (XRD), measured by ferritescope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were assessed based on Vickers microhardness measurements and Charpy impact tests. The corrosion resistance was assessed by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR), anodic polarization in 3.5% NaCl solution and immersion tests in ferric chloride solution. The analysis by optical microscope and X ray diffraction of the samples solution treated and aged for 2000 h of the studied materials do not reveal microstructural change as a function of thermal aging. However, the measurements by ferritescope show a decrease in magnetic permeability of the ferrite with the extension of aging time for 2000 h. TEM analysis of the samples aged for 2000 h show that the formation of α’ phase occurs in all materials. However, precipitation of G phase is much greater in the AID 2205. Hardness measurements show that the hardening effect caused by the formation of α’ phase is higher in DSS 2205. On the other hand, impact tests show that the LDSS 2404 has the smaller impact toughness property of the studied alloys as a function of thermal aging. DL-EPR results show that the LDSS 2101 has the greater degree of Cr depletion with aging for 2000 h. Anodic polarization measurements of the materials studied show that the thermal aging for 2000 h promotes a decrease in Epit, causing an increase in the density and size of pits. Immersion tests in ferric chloride solution showed a higher corrosion rate for the DSS 2205 as a function of aging time for 2000 h
O discurso político da luta contra a pobreza : uma análise de sua produção e circulação no contexto brasileiro contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Turati, Carlos Alberto
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0516557306456087
In our research, we investigate the discourse on the fight against poverty in the contemporary Brazilian political sphere, by analyzing the aspects of constitution, formulation and circulation of this discourse. More specifically, we take as a starting point, for the analysis, a set of speeches presented by President Dilma Rousseff in 2011, the year in which the federal government has adopted the slogan Rich country is country without poverty, and has made the fight against poverty a central goal of government actions. Supported by theoretical and methodological framework of Discourse Analysis and having as main reference the work of Michel Pêcheux, we take as a theoretical presupposition that all discursive practice is entered in contradictory-unequal- overdetermined complex of discursive formations that characterizes the ideological instance in given historical conditions. Therefore, we consider the category of the material contradiction as a constitutive condition of the discursive process, such that we consider it as a theoretical principle that guides the research and, at the same time, as the object of analysis. From this perspective, first we search to understand some historical determinations of the processes of meaning production. Thus, we identified in the context of European industrialization that the hegemonic form of the fight against poverty, already in its origin, is constituted by a set of contradictions that indicate that its goal is first of all a goal of the ruling classes, having in the classical liberal thought the basis of its formation. Similarly, we have identified that in the historical context of the Brazilian national problems, since the extractive activities until the contemporary capitalism, certain meanings that relate poverty to the public menace and violence, that take it as an indirect social and economic concern and that constitute the poor as naturally incapable feature an elitist and vertical view of the problem. Then we investigated how the contemporary form of the discourse on the fight against poverty acquired a central role in Brazilian politics, becoming a kind of categorical imperative of political and discursive actions. We seek to identify how this discourse has its hegemonic reproduction guaranteed, where apparent and naturalized differences serve to cover the constitutive contradictions that materialize the class conflicts that generate social inequalities. Thus, we see how the forms of functioning of the discourse on the fight against poverty configure strategies by which its constitutive contradictions are rarefied, erased, displaced and forgotten. If the first and most apparent contradiction of this discourse is the fact that it becomes hegemonic under the dictates and the impulse of monetary institutions, in our analysis, we observed that its hegemonic condition in the Brazilian political field has its efficiency guaranteed because such discourse functions contradictorily as evidence, consensus and truth to be taught; it mutes the agents and processes of exploitation by the capital, producing consensus within the contradictions and operating a management of the polemic within the political field; it is based on moral, subjectifying the poverty; it produces an erosion of collective identities of resistance; it delegitimizes politically the organized groups and individuals in their fight against inequalities; and subjective the poor as economic subject in a passive dimension.
Microfabricação de guias ópticos em vidros óxidos de metais pesados contendo terras-raras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Montesso, Murilo
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Nalin, Marcelo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3349586880746735
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8981815637926638
In this study, we present the production and characterization of a novel binary glass system: (100-x)SbPO4-xGeO2 where x = 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mol %. The dependence of GeO2 content on thermal, structural and optical properties were investigated by thermal analysis (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible absorption, infrared transmittance and M-lines techniques. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) shows an almost constant value around 400 °C when GeO2 content was increased. Thermal stability (ΔT = Tx-Tg) increases almost linearly with GeO2 content reaching a maximum value (300 °C). Ions Er3+ and Yb3+ were further incorporated into system SG in different proportions. Infrared and up-conversion emission processes were investigated. The emission spectra in the infrared region showed that the incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the glass composition increases the emission intensity at 1538 nm (4I13/2  4I15/2). The up-conversion processes showed a higher intensity emission at 522 nm and 544 nm (green) and 652 nm (red) regions and the emission mechanism has been the same as proposed in several works in literature. Finally, the glass sample showing the highest emission intensity at 1538 nm was chosen for micromachining using femtosecond laser. The waveguides having the lowest propagation losses were used for the optical internal gain proceeds. The best result obtained for internal gain at 1535 nm was around 1.7 dB/cm and this value is in agreement with other glass systems based on germanium and phosphates glasses present in literature.
Influência de diferentes posturas na sensibilidade barorreflexa e nas respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício isométrico em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Gois, Mariana de Oliveira
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2208258374880078
The first study aimed to verify the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) considering a large set of SBR values. 56 men aged between 40-65 years were divided into 3 groups: healthy (H, n = 19), patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 18) and CAD patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 (CAD-DM, n = 19). The BRS was evaluated in supine (SUP) and standing (STAND) positions through time domain, spectral and cross-spectral and closed-loop model based approaches. The IMT was evaluated over the right and left common carotid arteries. We conclude that the relationship between IMT and BRS is maintained even when considering a wide range of BRS values, supporting the idea that a noninvasive BRS estimate could be used to track modifications in cardiac baroreflex control. The second study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular (CV) responses during submaximal isometric contractions (handgrip) performed in different postures. 30 men aged 40-65 years were divided into 2 groups: healthy (H, n = 15) and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 15). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) were measured at rest (BASELINE), exercise peak (PEAK) and in the 1st (REC1) and 9th (REC9) minute of recovery. The subjects performed four submaximal handgrip contractions at 15, 30, 45 and 60% of maximum voluntary contraction performed in supine (SUP), seated (SEAT) and STAND positions. In conclusion, lower CV stress was observed in SUP for the H group while the CAD group had a worse exercise position responsiveness when compared to the H group regarding SBP, DBP and PVR. So, the general conclusion is that there is an inverse relationship between BRS and IMT and its relationship is dependent of the method used to calculate BRS and, regarding the CV responses to isometric exercise, the supine posture promotes low CV stress in healthy subjects while the CAD group has higher SBP peak and worse exercise position responsiveness regarding SBP, DBP and PVR.
Modelos para séries temporais utilizando as distribuições normal generalizada e log-normal generalizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-23)
Milani, Eder Angelo
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1420630122459706
From the generalized normal distribution and concepts of the generalized autoregressive moving averages models we introduce the generalized normal-ARMA model as an alternative way to model time series exhibiting symmetry and tails that may be lighter or heavier when compared the normal distribution. We present application for proposed model using three time series in the hydrology, economy and publics policy areas. The proposed model is presented as good alternative when compared to ARMA model with normal distribution. We extended this model the case of the asymmetric time series. In this case we used the Box-Cox transformation, denoted by Box-Cox generalized normal ARMA. The particular case, when we use the logarithmic transformation is called generalized log-normal ARMA. We adjusted the models with transformation to the series on monthly average affluent streamflow of the Furnas and Sobradinho hydroelectric plants. We obtain the prediction values for the model with transformation, that are better when compared with the model without transformation. To treat time series that exhibit periodic in the correlation function we defined three extensions for periodic autoregressive model, called generalized normal periodic autoregressive model, generalized log-normal periodic autoregressive model and Box-Cox generalized normal periodic autoregressive model. We can observed that the series on monthly average affluent streamflow of the Furnas and Sobradinho hydroelectric plants have periodic correlation. We present two applications of periodic models from these series. In the models, we note that is not necessary the use of generalized normal distribution in every months, just in some the generalized normal distribution presented better results than the normal distribution. Finally, we define the generalized normal zero inflated distribution and the generalized normal zero inflated ARMA model for time series. Adopting the model for series that have zero inflation and the maximum likelihood method for estimation of parameters, we analyze the serie of the amount of rainfall in the city of São Carlos.
A educação ambiental crítica e o saber de experiência feito na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas : um diálogo para a transformação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Franco, Flávia Fina
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2730533112423996
In this research we seek to investigate a classroom education of young and adult people, in order to know potentialities and obstacles of the articulation proposal between environmental education and this school modality, having as a reference two key concepts: criticity and knowledge of living experience. Studies suggest that the inclusion of socio-environmental theme in education of young and adult people can contribute as much to overcome the compensatory and reductionist view that has marked this modality and for encourage questions and reflections of these people about their roles in the interpersonal relationships, with the world and in the world, to recognize and assume their potential to act in reality. We adopted as reference a critical, dialogic, liberating environmental education, driving of reflections by questioning socio-environmental issues. We opted for education of young and adult people for being a school modality, as well as their subject, has been historically marginalized, marked by unjust and oppressive relations and because we also believe in the potential of these individuals recognizing their experience and their knowledge, knowledge accumulated during their lives, which Freire called knowledge of living experience. So the questions that guide this research are: the knowledge of living experience that has been considered and developed also in the modality of education for young and adult people can contribute to the practice of environmental education? The criticity which has been developed in the field of environmental education can contribute to the practice of education for young and adult people in the school context? For the construction of this study, we conducted an empirical work. The empirical investigation was conducted in a public school in São Paulo State, in which were involved students of education of young and adult people and teachers of this modality with experience in the field of environmental education. Paulo Freire (2005), with the dialogue theory, and Jürgen Habermas (2012a; 2012b), with the theory of communicative action, were authors who guided us to the choice of the critical communicative methodology, which is based on the construction of knowledge through the establishment of inter-subjective dialogue between subjects and from that construction make it possible act in reality, transformed it. Using this methodology, the dialogue breaks with the interpretative and epistemological gaps usually considered and developed among the people of the investigated context and academic people. We use the communicative observation and interview as data collection instruments. In partnership with the students, the data of the observation were analyzed considering the exclusionary and transformative dimensions, its own methodology, in relation to approach between environmental education and education of young and adult people. The informations obtained through interviews were discussed together with teachers, on the dual categorization of social reality in system and world of life, based on Habermas. With the data already analyzed, we found in the context investigated elements like educational practices and attitudes teachers consistent with the reality of students that enhance the inclusion of environmental issues in a critical perspective on the education of young and adult people. On the other hand, were also identified elements such practices and teaching attitudes associated with a model of youth and adult compensatory people education, which hinders said insert, which is necessary for an education committed a social transformation that leads to relationships socially fairer and more environmentally sustainable relations. Finally, we verified the adequacy of a critical environmental education of young and adult people as a potent space of learning and transformations, a space for them to exercise their critical faculties towards their emancipation and thus recognize as historical subjects participants of social-environmental changes.
Conectividade do grafo aleatório de Erdös-Rényi e uma variante com conexões locais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Bedia, Elizbeth Chipa
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Rodriguez, Pablo Martin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412853511887386
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Gallo, Alexsandro Giacomo Grimbert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4037274656833325
We say that a graph is connected if there is a path edges between any pair of vertices. Random graph Erd os-R enyi with n vertices is obtained by connecting each pair of vertex with probability pn 2 (0; 1) independently of the others. In this work, we studied in detail the connectivity threshold in the connection probability pn for random graphs Erd os-R enyi when the number of vertices n diverges. For this study, we review some basic probabilistic tools (convergence of random variables and methods of the rst and second moment), which will lead to a better understanding of more complex results. In addition, we apply the above concepts for a model with a simple topology, speci cally studied the asymptotic behavior of the probability of non-existence of isolated vertices, and we discussed the connectivity or not of the graph. Finally we show the convergence in distribution of the number of isolated vertices for a Poisson distribution of the studied model.
A arte-spray de Banksy : grafite e videografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Estevão, Gustavo Russo
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Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8260704953444206
This research aims to investigate the mechanisms of creation and production by the British artist Banksy, the leading exponent of what became known as Street Art in the early 2000. It starts with his incursion as an audiovisual director of the work launched in 2010 Exit Through the Gift Shop to discuss the relations between the street artist and the documentary filmmaker. From the constitutive elements of the filmic text it is noticed various mirroring of the processes initiated by the artist: appropriation and subversion of cultural texts, parodying and social criticism. Initially it discusses the film from the perspective of some film theories (markedly the documentary film) and other film genres. Following it draws up an overview of the genesis of Street Art and its reception and finally it shows the intersection and dialogue between the street artist and the documentary filmmaker based on the proposals of Julio Plaza and the Intersemiotic Translation.
Avaliação da transferência de quantidade de movimento, energia e das espécies químicas em um prato perfurado de destilação através da fluidodinâmica computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Justi, Gabriel Henrique
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061
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Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
The development of the design of chemical processes has received increasing improvement, incorporating sophisticated mathematical models, which allowed better simulation of its real behavior. Distillation is one of the most important and used separation techniques of components at industrial level, applied in a wide range of processes and its perfect working and optimization are economically crucial factors. Its great importance is due to the capacity of purify components of a mixture using the volatility difference among them as driving force. However, this technique represents 40% of the total energy consumption of an industrial facility. Some of models used for this, such as the models based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium stage concepts, usually provide useful results, but consider empirically many of the fluid dynamics phenomena by assuming a perfect mixture in each phase. Due to the development of the Information Technology (IT), in the numerical methods and improvement in models of multiphase flows, the investigation of complex turbulent flow problems is possible. One way to investigate these problems is to use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tecniques. Therefore, it was adopted for this study a CFD model, with the main objective of evaluating the transport phenomena for the isothermal (water-air) and non-isothermal (ethanol-water) flows through the CFD techniques to simulate a distillation sieve tray. The proposed models had the following characteristics in common in the modeling: heterogeneous, three-dimensional, shear stress transport as turbulence model, and Eulerian-Eulerian approach at 1 atm. The continuity and momentum conservation equations were used to describe the isotherm model and for non-isothermal model it was added the energy and chemical species conservations equations. The simulated sieve trays geometries were based on experimental work of Solari e Bell (1986), to which it were observed the influence of the inlet downcomer presence or not on sieve tray. The results for isotherm flow showed the velocity profiles, the volume fractions, and clear liquid height under the influence of the inlet downcomer. For the non-isotherm flow, the results showed moreover the hydraulic parameters, the temperature profiles and ethanol mass fractions for vapor flow rates. Thus, the simulations of the isothermal system indicated a strong influence of the liquid velocity profile for the domain with downcomer inlet. In the non-isothermal system it was possible to determine the separation efficiency, which varied with the vapor flow rates on the sieve tray. The proposed methodology in this work proved to be appropriate and the computational fluid dynamics techniques presented to be an important tool in the design and optimization of sieve trays.
Modelo computacional de descrição de projetos para impressão de biosistemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Francisco, Luiz Angelo Valota
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6682595419814787
Currently, there are several studies directed to the manufacture of biosystems (biomaterials, living tissues or organs). These studies include several practice areas ranging from virtual representation of an organ or tissue to its biomanufacturing (bioprinting) itself. But for biomanufacturing a complex organ, it is still needed a long walk, because this process requires a very large wealth of information. Experiments to aid in surgical planning have been made based on medical image data and use of 3D printer rapid prototyping through STL specifications (STereoLitography). This work aims the study biomanufacturing processes of biomaterials, living tissues and organs aiming to establish the requirements for building a computer model to assist in the development of a project description framework for bioprinting living tissues and organs via STL specifications. This model was designed through research processes and parameters required for bioprinting of living tissues or organs resulting from the state of the art in this area and forms of representation in a computer model. For the evaluation of the model and the developed framework, an experiment was conducted where the data of a cartilage bioprinting experiment conducted by other authors were expressed through a bioprinting project.
Tarefas exploratórias-investigativas para a aprendizagem de função afim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Tozo, Fábio Luiz Dias
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9771361045348101
The objective of this work was to verify the difficulties of treatments and conversions (natural language, algebraic expressions, tables and graphical form) function of teaching-learning in order to students of the first high school grade of a private school in the city Sorocaba - SP. The study was conducted by means of tasks implemented in three stages; a group of twenty-six students, divided into thirteen doubles. Therefore, we took care to put to task steps, different forms of representation. The theoretical framework was marked in the study of semiotic representation registers, developed by Raymond Duval, and exploratory and investigative tasks, which served also based on the proposal to diversify the methodological procedures used in the teaching function in order. The written production analysis of research subjects sought answer how students of the first high school series have mobilized and coordinated semiotic representation registers in solving exploratory-investigative tasks involving the concept of affine function? The articulation of exploratory-investigative tasks, with the mobilization and coordination of semiotic representation registers, instigated the students to the process of generalization of the concept and characterization of affine function through the use of natural language record in the form of justification. The objective of this work was to verify the difficulties of treatments and conversions (natural language, algebraic expressions, tables and graphical form) function of teaching-learning in order to students of the first high school grade of a private school in the city Sorocaba - SP. The study was conducted by means of tasks implemented in three stages; a group of twenty-six students, divided into thirteen doubles. Therefore, we took care to put to task steps, different forms of representation. The theoretical framework was marked in the study of semiotic representation registers, developed by Raymond Duval, and exploratory and investigative tasks, which served also based on the proposal to diversify the methodological procedures used in the teaching function in order. The written production analysis of research subjects sought answer how students of the first high school series have mobilized and coordinated semiotic representation registers in solving exploratory-investigative tasks involving the concept of affine function? The articulation of exploratory-investigative tasks, with the mobilization and coordination of semiotic representation registers, instigated the students to the process of generalization of the concept and characterization of affine function through the use of natural language record in the form of justification.
Produção de ácido cítrico a partir do cultivo de Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma reesei em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e fermentação etanólica do extrato fúngico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
França, Hiléia Camargo Ribeiro
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Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128282862615398
Solid-state cultivation (SSC) are characterized by microbial growth on solid supports, often agroindustrial by-products, in conditions of absence of free water. Citric acid and ethanol are important commercial bioproducts used in various industrial sectors, which could be obtained by SSC of fungi from bagasse sugarcane and vinasse, with subsequent fermentation, minimizing the cost of production with the use two industrial byproducts. Fungi consortium has advantages over the isolated cultures, highlighting the best use of substrates due to enzyme supplementation, especially in terms of hydrolases. In this sense, the aim of this research was to evaluate the SSC of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei alone for the production of citric acid from sugarcane bagasse impregnated with different solutions (sucrose and vinasse) and the consortium of these fungi followed by ethanol fermentation of fungal yeast extract. The experimental steps set up the cultivation of A. niger for production of citric acid from submerged particles of sugarcane bagasse; SSC of A. niger and T. reesei alone and mixed using as impregnating with and without sucrose solution and vinasse pretreated with acid hydrolysis; ethanol fermentation of fungal extract by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicate the feasibility of Aspergillus niger´growth on submerged particles of sugarcane bagasse for citric acid production in medium with addition of sucrose. SSC of this fungus from sugarcane bagasse resulted in 103 mg L-1 of citric acid content in 4 days without addition of sucrose to the solid medium. Similarly, SSC of Trichoderma reesei in sugarcane bagasse leads citric acid production around 67 mg L-1 with raw vinasse in the first growth day. Specific production of 2.51 mg g-1 h-1 in terms of citric acid was obtained from the fungal consortium higher than that obtained using the two fungi alone. Ethanol fermentation tests by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the fungal extract obtained by the SSC indicated that it is feasible to obtain a second bioproduct, especially high yield of glucose into ethanol to extract condition obtained from T. reesei without sucrose in 5 days. Results suggests the viability in the use of two important by-products of the sugarcane industry via microbial consortium by SSC, leading an interesting research field with various scientific and regional aspects.
Estudo dos riscos relativos à estrutura organizacional em implantações de Lean Production: um estudo de caso integrado em unidades de negócio manufatureiras de uma empresa multinacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Farhat, Daniel Madazio Rahal
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Torres, Isaías
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9268170751052087
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
Nowadays there are many methods and techniques proposed for the implementation of Lean Production, and there are several risks identified in studies that influence the success of these implementations. However, little is said about the relationship of these risks with changes in organizational structures and how they are treated during the implementations. This work, performed in business units of a large multinational company, aims to identify, according to the implementation responsible, the risks related to the elements of the organizational structure that may be associated with Lean Production implementations, as well as to check whether they were considered during the structuring and execution of the implementation projects. The study was based on an integrated case study in four units located in Brazil, which passed through distinct Lean Production implementation projects. An amount of 101 different risks related to the elements of organizational structures was identified and associated with Lean Production implementations in the four business units, as well as it can be seen that 31 of them are patterns between at least two of the four units. Seeking for standard risks among the four units, just the threat of a culture resistant to change and the opportunity of the training in Lean Production application were found. Such evidence clearly shows that these four business units belonging to the studied company had each other different types of risks related to the organizational structure associated with the implementations. A small portion of these risks, mostly opportunities, was considered during the design of the project, but still not using a systematic or standardized way, and most of the risk is not identified or at design or during project execution, but rather treated as becomes a real difficulty for the achievement of the results of project implementation.
Influência da adição de Co nas propriedades de catalisadores à base de Ni suportados em MgAl2O4 aplicados na reforma a vapor do ácido acético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Mizuno, Stefanie Caroline Mayumi
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Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The steam reforming of acetic acid (SRAcH), a model compound of pyrolysis-oil, was studied over MgAl2O4-supported Co-Ni catalysts with different Co/Ni ratios, prepared by impregnation using the incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption, and thermogravimetry. In the steam reforming reaction of AcH, both Ni and Co catalysts suffered partial oxidation due to contact with the reaction mixture. The ketonization reaction occurred on the MgAl2O4 support and the presence of Co or Ni changed the reaction pathway of species adsorbed on the support, which suppressed the formation of acetone. The cleavage of C-C bonds was favored on the Ni surface, resulting in CHx species, which in the presence of H2 were preferentially hydrogenated to CH4 at low temperatures. On the other hand, on the Co surface the CHx species were decomposed to C* and H* as the temperature increased. The addition of Co to Ni catalysts inhibited CH4 formation and carbon accumulation.
Síntese e caracterização de géis para cromatografia de exclusão por tamanho via reticulação de Acetato de Celulose com 4,4' - Difenilmetano Diisocianato (MDI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Rosa, Wesley de Oliveira
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8873420219898061
The need to obtain biomaterials in order to reduce environmental impacts has been the focus of research groups in recent years, and cellulose, a dominant component at most forms of plants is a promising resource because of its abundance. In order to improve the ability processing, the chemical modification of cellulose has been widely studied. Among the most important reactions of cellulose are: etherification, esterification, acetylation and oxidation; being cellulose acetate, viscose, nitrocellulose and cellulose ethers, the main cellulose derivatives. The chemical modification with isocyanates presents some unique properties, such as absence of by-products and chemical stability of the urethane group. In this work we were synthesized gels obtained by modified cellulose acetate (CA) with a degree of substitution (DS) 2,5 by crosslinking, with 4,4' - Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in stoichiometry of 1:1, in homogeneous by varying the humidity and the homogenization time. For characterization were used the following techniques and tests: vibrational infrared absorption spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Spectrometer - FTIR), size exclusion Chromatography (SEC), molecular absorption spectrophotometry UV-VIS, density determining of the gels by pycnometry, determination of the coefficient swelling, determination of cross-links by Flory-Rehner theory, thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crosslink density results showed that the gel synthesized in the absence of moisture suffered greater crosslinking with an average number of repeat units between the crosslinking points of about 1000 times lower. The potential applications of these gels were tested, by using than as stationary phase in size exclusion chromatography, having been assessed its efficiency in the fractionation and separation of natural and synthetic polymers. Results showed the effectiveness of the gel as stationary phase on separation of polymers, opening up a range of opportunities, taking into consideration the simplicity of the process and lower costs attributed to it.
Particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics applied to study the effect of hydrodynamics forces on animal cells cultivated in Taylor vortex bioreactor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Singh, Harminder
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5920252813553567
Taylor-Vortex reactor (TVB) is fast becoming the next bioreactor to culture animal cells due to milder shear and homogeneous flow structures through-out the bioreactor in comparison to the traditional stirred vessels. However, there is little information in the literature for the TVB on the viscous energy dissipation rate (VEDR), which is considered the ideal parameter to characterize the cell death, and its geometrical aspects, which may affect the culture of animal cells resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this work focuses on: the estimation of the VEDR of mean flow and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) using an experimental 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using different turbulence models, principally the direct numerical simulation (DNS) model; and, the impact of the off-bottom clearance area and the external cylinder’s bottom shape on the flow structures of TVB. Both numerical and experimental methods confirm that the bulk zone comprising of the 80 % of the gap-width, where the cell cultures will spend most of the time, has a near constant velocity magnitude of around 50 % of the tip velocity and VEDR values which are around 10 times lower than at the walls. Qualitatively, the DNS model predicted well the flow structure of both mean and turbulence parameters in comparison with the experimental PIV predictions. However, quantitatively only the mean velocity predictions are in good agreement with the PIV data with certain amount of under-estimation of the turbulence parameters. Among different turbulence models, the large eddy simulation (LES) - wall adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model presented best comparison with the DNS model data for all the flow parameters; while, the Reynolds stress model and the LES-Smagorinsky models were the poorest. On the other hand, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based two equation models estimated well the mean velocity components in comparison with the DNS model data, but could not capture well the flow structures of the turbulence components. The geometrical features of curved surface of outer bottom and off-bottom clearance area which are of practical importance in stirred vessels, impact adversely the flow structures in the TVB due to poor axial velocity component. In comparison with the spinner vessel, a stirred tank type bioeactor but with lower shear, for similar Re/ReT ratio, the maximum and mean VEDR were always found to be of lower magnitude values, and due to much less difference between the maximum and the mean values, the TVB presents more uniform structures in comparison to the spinner vessel.
Estudo In vitro de nanocompósitos para a liberação lenta de nitrogênio sobre a alimentação animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Cruz, Camila Conceição Tomé da
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316378632269541
Supplementation with nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) has been widely used in ruminant feeding in diets of low quality forages. This is because these animals have a number of microorganisms in the rumen able to use ammonia for microbial protein production of excellent quality, ammonia is obtained through the action of urease enzyme on the nitrogenous products supplied in food, for example, urea. However, an excessive consumption of urea may result in poisoning by NH3. Thus, a controlled release of urea into the rumen is an essential aspect for ruminants feed, but few studies to control the release of urea in the rumen have been identified to date Thus this paper proposes obtaining nanocomposites montmorillonite and urea, formulated by the extrusion process, as a source of slow-release nonprotein nitrogen on the feed. The materials were characterized by diffraction of X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (CHN). Also was studied the behavior solubilization in an aqueous medium of urea present in the nanocomposites. Characterization results can be observed that the montmorillonite exfoliation suffered in all nanocomposites, urea served as montmorillonite dispersed phase in a matrix. The release results showed that the presence of MMT acts as a barrier to release of urea making all nanocomposites have slower release of urea compared to the pure material In order to assess the effect of the use of such nanocomposites as non-protein nitrogen supplement for sugarcane (bulky), was carried out in vitro digestibility test for dry matter, which simulates the food digestion conditions in the rumen. Different nanocomposite showed gain on the digestibility of sugar cane, which is considered low quality forage, especially for presenting low protein value and be difficult to digest. The nanocomposite MMT/Ur 1:4/HG 2% was the most effective in increasing the digestibility of the sugar cane. The gain on digestibility was not very significant for displaying nanocomposites release kinetics urea very slowly, suggesting that an ideal release rate is required, being synchronized with the power supply supplied from the carbohydrate in the diet. The pH remained within the optimal range for urease activity, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing urea to ammonia and also for maximum microbial synthesis. These results show that the development of nanostructures is a powerful tool for increasing the efficiency of conventional fodder, and can serve as a basis for further in vivo testing.
Oxidação preferencial de CO em catalisadores à base de ouro : estudo do efeito do suporte e do método de síntese do catalisador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Miranda, Aline Rodrigues Lopes
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Gomes, Janaina Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
The CO preferential oxidation reaction (PROX) is used in the purification of hydrogen streams for various applications. Since the discovery of improved catalytic properties of gold particles, at nanometer range, in the CO oxidation reaction at low temperature, Au catalysts have been the subject of numerous investigations of CO oxidation and PROX. Concerning the heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst activity is determined by several factors: the nanoparticles size, the metal loading and dispersion, the nature and porosity of the support, and the metal/support interaction. To understand the dependence of the support and the influence of the synthesizing method on the material properties and catalytic performances, gold nanoparticles supported on three different oxides (CeO2, MnO2 and TiO2) were successfully synthesized by the deposition precipitation (DP) method, using urea, and modified polyol (MP) method, using PVP as surfactant and sodium borohydride as reducing agent. Additionally, Au/SiO2 was obtained by the DP method. Characterizations were performed to assess the crystallinity, the metal mass percentage, the reduction temperatures and the respective reducing gas consumptions of pure oxides and supported materials synthesized by both methods. In addition, microscopic pictures were obtained to evaluate the materials morphology and the gold nanoparticles diameter. The Au catalysts synthesized by the DP method presented smaller particle sizes as compared to catalysts obtained by the MP method. Catalytic evaluation of the CO oxidation and PROX reactions were performed using temperature ramp starting at room temperature up to 200 °C. As a comparative parameter, the ratio between the catalyst mass and the gas feed flow remained constant at 1 mg / 1 mL / min for all reactions. The results showed that Au supported on TiO2 prepared by the DP method presented complete CO conversion at room temperature, but with the simultaneous supply of H2, this catalyst tends to oxidize H2, decreasing the CO conversion activity. On the other hand, the Au/CeO2 catalyst prepared by the DP method presented activity up to about 200 °C for PROX and better selectivity towards the CO2 formation.