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A educação ambiental crítica e o saber de experiência feito na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas : um diálogo para a transformação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Franco, Flávia Fina
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2730533112423996
In this research we seek to investigate a classroom education of young and adult people, in order to know potentialities and obstacles of the articulation proposal between environmental education and this school modality, having as a reference two key concepts: criticity and knowledge of living experience. Studies suggest that the inclusion of socio-environmental theme in education of young and adult people can contribute as much to overcome the compensatory and reductionist view that has marked this modality and for encourage questions and reflections of these people about their roles in the interpersonal relationships, with the world and in the world, to recognize and assume their potential to act in reality. We adopted as reference a critical, dialogic, liberating environmental education, driving of reflections by questioning socio-environmental issues. We opted for education of young and adult people for being a school modality, as well as their subject, has been historically marginalized, marked by unjust and oppressive relations and because we also believe in the potential of these individuals recognizing their experience and their knowledge, knowledge accumulated during their lives, which Freire called knowledge of living experience. So the questions that guide this research are: the knowledge of living experience that has been considered and developed also in the modality of education for young and adult people can contribute to the practice of environmental education? The criticity which has been developed in the field of environmental education can contribute to the practice of education for young and adult people in the school context? For the construction of this study, we conducted an empirical work. The empirical investigation was conducted in a public school in São Paulo State, in which were involved students of education of young and adult people and teachers of this modality with experience in the field of environmental education. Paulo Freire (2005), with the dialogue theory, and Jürgen Habermas (2012a; 2012b), with the theory of communicative action, were authors who guided us to the choice of the critical communicative methodology, which is based on the construction of knowledge through the establishment of inter-subjective dialogue between subjects and from that construction make it possible act in reality, transformed it. Using this methodology, the dialogue breaks with the interpretative and epistemological gaps usually considered and developed among the people of the investigated context and academic people. We use the communicative observation and interview as data collection instruments. In partnership with the students, the data of the observation were analyzed considering the exclusionary and transformative dimensions, its own methodology, in relation to approach between environmental education and education of young and adult people. The informations obtained through interviews were discussed together with teachers, on the dual categorization of social reality in system and world of life, based on Habermas. With the data already analyzed, we found in the context investigated elements like educational practices and attitudes teachers consistent with the reality of students that enhance the inclusion of environmental issues in a critical perspective on the education of young and adult people. On the other hand, were also identified elements such practices and teaching attitudes associated with a model of youth and adult compensatory people education, which hinders said insert, which is necessary for an education committed a social transformation that leads to relationships socially fairer and more environmentally sustainable relations. Finally, we verified the adequacy of a critical environmental education of young and adult people as a potent space of learning and transformations, a space for them to exercise their critical faculties towards their emancipation and thus recognize as historical subjects participants of social-environmental changes.
Conectividade do grafo aleatório de Erdös-Rényi e uma variante com conexões locais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Bedia, Elizbeth Chipa
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Rodriguez, Pablo Martin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412853511887386
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Gallo, Alexsandro Giacomo Grimbert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4037274656833325
We say that a graph is connected if there is a path edges between any pair of vertices. Random graph Erd os-R enyi with n vertices is obtained by connecting each pair of vertex with probability pn 2 (0; 1) independently of the others. In this work, we studied in detail the connectivity threshold in the connection probability pn for random graphs Erd os-R enyi when the number of vertices n diverges. For this study, we review some basic probabilistic tools (convergence of random variables and methods of the rst and second moment), which will lead to a better understanding of more complex results. In addition, we apply the above concepts for a model with a simple topology, speci cally studied the asymptotic behavior of the probability of non-existence of isolated vertices, and we discussed the connectivity or not of the graph. Finally we show the convergence in distribution of the number of isolated vertices for a Poisson distribution of the studied model.
A arte-spray de Banksy : grafite e videografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Estevão, Gustavo Russo
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Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8260704953444206
This research aims to investigate the mechanisms of creation and production by the British artist Banksy, the leading exponent of what became known as Street Art in the early 2000. It starts with his incursion as an audiovisual director of the work launched in 2010 Exit Through the Gift Shop to discuss the relations between the street artist and the documentary filmmaker. From the constitutive elements of the filmic text it is noticed various mirroring of the processes initiated by the artist: appropriation and subversion of cultural texts, parodying and social criticism. Initially it discusses the film from the perspective of some film theories (markedly the documentary film) and other film genres. Following it draws up an overview of the genesis of Street Art and its reception and finally it shows the intersection and dialogue between the street artist and the documentary filmmaker based on the proposals of Julio Plaza and the Intersemiotic Translation.
Avaliação da transferência de quantidade de movimento, energia e das espécies químicas em um prato perfurado de destilação através da fluidodinâmica computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Justi, Gabriel Henrique
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061
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Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
The development of the design of chemical processes has received increasing improvement, incorporating sophisticated mathematical models, which allowed better simulation of its real behavior. Distillation is one of the most important and used separation techniques of components at industrial level, applied in a wide range of processes and its perfect working and optimization are economically crucial factors. Its great importance is due to the capacity of purify components of a mixture using the volatility difference among them as driving force. However, this technique represents 40% of the total energy consumption of an industrial facility. Some of models used for this, such as the models based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium stage concepts, usually provide useful results, but consider empirically many of the fluid dynamics phenomena by assuming a perfect mixture in each phase. Due to the development of the Information Technology (IT), in the numerical methods and improvement in models of multiphase flows, the investigation of complex turbulent flow problems is possible. One way to investigate these problems is to use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tecniques. Therefore, it was adopted for this study a CFD model, with the main objective of evaluating the transport phenomena for the isothermal (water-air) and non-isothermal (ethanol-water) flows through the CFD techniques to simulate a distillation sieve tray. The proposed models had the following characteristics in common in the modeling: heterogeneous, three-dimensional, shear stress transport as turbulence model, and Eulerian-Eulerian approach at 1 atm. The continuity and momentum conservation equations were used to describe the isotherm model and for non-isothermal model it was added the energy and chemical species conservations equations. The simulated sieve trays geometries were based on experimental work of Solari e Bell (1986), to which it were observed the influence of the inlet downcomer presence or not on sieve tray. The results for isotherm flow showed the velocity profiles, the volume fractions, and clear liquid height under the influence of the inlet downcomer. For the non-isotherm flow, the results showed moreover the hydraulic parameters, the temperature profiles and ethanol mass fractions for vapor flow rates. Thus, the simulations of the isothermal system indicated a strong influence of the liquid velocity profile for the domain with downcomer inlet. In the non-isothermal system it was possible to determine the separation efficiency, which varied with the vapor flow rates on the sieve tray. The proposed methodology in this work proved to be appropriate and the computational fluid dynamics techniques presented to be an important tool in the design and optimization of sieve trays.
Modelo computacional de descrição de projetos para impressão de biosistemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Francisco, Luiz Angelo Valota
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6682595419814787
Currently, there are several studies directed to the manufacture of biosystems (biomaterials, living tissues or organs). These studies include several practice areas ranging from virtual representation of an organ or tissue to its biomanufacturing (bioprinting) itself. But for biomanufacturing a complex organ, it is still needed a long walk, because this process requires a very large wealth of information. Experiments to aid in surgical planning have been made based on medical image data and use of 3D printer rapid prototyping through STL specifications (STereoLitography). This work aims the study biomanufacturing processes of biomaterials, living tissues and organs aiming to establish the requirements for building a computer model to assist in the development of a project description framework for bioprinting living tissues and organs via STL specifications. This model was designed through research processes and parameters required for bioprinting of living tissues or organs resulting from the state of the art in this area and forms of representation in a computer model. For the evaluation of the model and the developed framework, an experiment was conducted where the data of a cartilage bioprinting experiment conducted by other authors were expressed through a bioprinting project.
Tarefas exploratórias-investigativas para a aprendizagem de função afim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-24)
Tozo, Fábio Luiz Dias
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9771361045348101
The objective of this work was to verify the difficulties of treatments and conversions (natural language, algebraic expressions, tables and graphical form) function of teaching-learning in order to students of the first high school grade of a private school in the city Sorocaba - SP. The study was conducted by means of tasks implemented in three stages; a group of twenty-six students, divided into thirteen doubles. Therefore, we took care to put to task steps, different forms of representation. The theoretical framework was marked in the study of semiotic representation registers, developed by Raymond Duval, and exploratory and investigative tasks, which served also based on the proposal to diversify the methodological procedures used in the teaching function in order. The written production analysis of research subjects sought answer how students of the first high school series have mobilized and coordinated semiotic representation registers in solving exploratory-investigative tasks involving the concept of affine function? The articulation of exploratory-investigative tasks, with the mobilization and coordination of semiotic representation registers, instigated the students to the process of generalization of the concept and characterization of affine function through the use of natural language record in the form of justification. The objective of this work was to verify the difficulties of treatments and conversions (natural language, algebraic expressions, tables and graphical form) function of teaching-learning in order to students of the first high school grade of a private school in the city Sorocaba - SP. The study was conducted by means of tasks implemented in three stages; a group of twenty-six students, divided into thirteen doubles. Therefore, we took care to put to task steps, different forms of representation. The theoretical framework was marked in the study of semiotic representation registers, developed by Raymond Duval, and exploratory and investigative tasks, which served also based on the proposal to diversify the methodological procedures used in the teaching function in order. The written production analysis of research subjects sought answer how students of the first high school series have mobilized and coordinated semiotic representation registers in solving exploratory-investigative tasks involving the concept of affine function? The articulation of exploratory-investigative tasks, with the mobilization and coordination of semiotic representation registers, instigated the students to the process of generalization of the concept and characterization of affine function through the use of natural language record in the form of justification.
Produção de ácido cítrico a partir do cultivo de Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma reesei em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e fermentação etanólica do extrato fúngico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
França, Hiléia Camargo Ribeiro
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Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128282862615398
Solid-state cultivation (SSC) are characterized by microbial growth on solid supports, often agroindustrial by-products, in conditions of absence of free water. Citric acid and ethanol are important commercial bioproducts used in various industrial sectors, which could be obtained by SSC of fungi from bagasse sugarcane and vinasse, with subsequent fermentation, minimizing the cost of production with the use two industrial byproducts. Fungi consortium has advantages over the isolated cultures, highlighting the best use of substrates due to enzyme supplementation, especially in terms of hydrolases. In this sense, the aim of this research was to evaluate the SSC of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei alone for the production of citric acid from sugarcane bagasse impregnated with different solutions (sucrose and vinasse) and the consortium of these fungi followed by ethanol fermentation of fungal yeast extract. The experimental steps set up the cultivation of A. niger for production of citric acid from submerged particles of sugarcane bagasse; SSC of A. niger and T. reesei alone and mixed using as impregnating with and without sucrose solution and vinasse pretreated with acid hydrolysis; ethanol fermentation of fungal extract by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicate the feasibility of Aspergillus niger´growth on submerged particles of sugarcane bagasse for citric acid production in medium with addition of sucrose. SSC of this fungus from sugarcane bagasse resulted in 103 mg L-1 of citric acid content in 4 days without addition of sucrose to the solid medium. Similarly, SSC of Trichoderma reesei in sugarcane bagasse leads citric acid production around 67 mg L-1 with raw vinasse in the first growth day. Specific production of 2.51 mg g-1 h-1 in terms of citric acid was obtained from the fungal consortium higher than that obtained using the two fungi alone. Ethanol fermentation tests by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the fungal extract obtained by the SSC indicated that it is feasible to obtain a second bioproduct, especially high yield of glucose into ethanol to extract condition obtained from T. reesei without sucrose in 5 days. Results suggests the viability in the use of two important by-products of the sugarcane industry via microbial consortium by SSC, leading an interesting research field with various scientific and regional aspects.
Estudo dos riscos relativos à estrutura organizacional em implantações de Lean Production: um estudo de caso integrado em unidades de negócio manufatureiras de uma empresa multinacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Farhat, Daniel Madazio Rahal
;
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Torres, Isaías
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9268170751052087
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
Nowadays there are many methods and techniques proposed for the implementation of Lean Production, and there are several risks identified in studies that influence the success of these implementations. However, little is said about the relationship of these risks with changes in organizational structures and how they are treated during the implementations. This work, performed in business units of a large multinational company, aims to identify, according to the implementation responsible, the risks related to the elements of the organizational structure that may be associated with Lean Production implementations, as well as to check whether they were considered during the structuring and execution of the implementation projects. The study was based on an integrated case study in four units located in Brazil, which passed through distinct Lean Production implementation projects. An amount of 101 different risks related to the elements of organizational structures was identified and associated with Lean Production implementations in the four business units, as well as it can be seen that 31 of them are patterns between at least two of the four units. Seeking for standard risks among the four units, just the threat of a culture resistant to change and the opportunity of the training in Lean Production application were found. Such evidence clearly shows that these four business units belonging to the studied company had each other different types of risks related to the organizational structure associated with the implementations. A small portion of these risks, mostly opportunities, was considered during the design of the project, but still not using a systematic or standardized way, and most of the risk is not identified or at design or during project execution, but rather treated as becomes a real difficulty for the achievement of the results of project implementation.
Influência da adição de Co nas propriedades de catalisadores à base de Ni suportados em MgAl2O4 aplicados na reforma a vapor do ácido acético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Mizuno, Stefanie Caroline Mayumi
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Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The steam reforming of acetic acid (SRAcH), a model compound of pyrolysis-oil, was studied over MgAl2O4-supported Co-Ni catalysts with different Co/Ni ratios, prepared by impregnation using the incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption, and thermogravimetry. In the steam reforming reaction of AcH, both Ni and Co catalysts suffered partial oxidation due to contact with the reaction mixture. The ketonization reaction occurred on the MgAl2O4 support and the presence of Co or Ni changed the reaction pathway of species adsorbed on the support, which suppressed the formation of acetone. The cleavage of C-C bonds was favored on the Ni surface, resulting in CHx species, which in the presence of H2 were preferentially hydrogenated to CH4 at low temperatures. On the other hand, on the Co surface the CHx species were decomposed to C* and H* as the temperature increased. The addition of Co to Ni catalysts inhibited CH4 formation and carbon accumulation.
Síntese e caracterização de géis para cromatografia de exclusão por tamanho via reticulação de Acetato de Celulose com 4,4' - Difenilmetano Diisocianato (MDI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Rosa, Wesley de Oliveira
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8873420219898061
The need to obtain biomaterials in order to reduce environmental impacts has been the focus of research groups in recent years, and cellulose, a dominant component at most forms of plants is a promising resource because of its abundance. In order to improve the ability processing, the chemical modification of cellulose has been widely studied. Among the most important reactions of cellulose are: etherification, esterification, acetylation and oxidation; being cellulose acetate, viscose, nitrocellulose and cellulose ethers, the main cellulose derivatives. The chemical modification with isocyanates presents some unique properties, such as absence of by-products and chemical stability of the urethane group. In this work we were synthesized gels obtained by modified cellulose acetate (CA) with a degree of substitution (DS) 2,5 by crosslinking, with 4,4' - Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in stoichiometry of 1:1, in homogeneous by varying the humidity and the homogenization time. For characterization were used the following techniques and tests: vibrational infrared absorption spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Spectrometer - FTIR), size exclusion Chromatography (SEC), molecular absorption spectrophotometry UV-VIS, density determining of the gels by pycnometry, determination of the coefficient swelling, determination of cross-links by Flory-Rehner theory, thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crosslink density results showed that the gel synthesized in the absence of moisture suffered greater crosslinking with an average number of repeat units between the crosslinking points of about 1000 times lower. The potential applications of these gels were tested, by using than as stationary phase in size exclusion chromatography, having been assessed its efficiency in the fractionation and separation of natural and synthetic polymers. Results showed the effectiveness of the gel as stationary phase on separation of polymers, opening up a range of opportunities, taking into consideration the simplicity of the process and lower costs attributed to it.
Particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics applied to study the effect of hydrodynamics forces on animal cells cultivated in Taylor vortex bioreactor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-28)
Singh, Harminder
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5920252813553567
Taylor-Vortex reactor (TVB) is fast becoming the next bioreactor to culture animal cells due to milder shear and homogeneous flow structures through-out the bioreactor in comparison to the traditional stirred vessels. However, there is little information in the literature for the TVB on the viscous energy dissipation rate (VEDR), which is considered the ideal parameter to characterize the cell death, and its geometrical aspects, which may affect the culture of animal cells resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this work focuses on: the estimation of the VEDR of mean flow and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) using an experimental 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using different turbulence models, principally the direct numerical simulation (DNS) model; and, the impact of the off-bottom clearance area and the external cylinder’s bottom shape on the flow structures of TVB. Both numerical and experimental methods confirm that the bulk zone comprising of the 80 % of the gap-width, where the cell cultures will spend most of the time, has a near constant velocity magnitude of around 50 % of the tip velocity and VEDR values which are around 10 times lower than at the walls. Qualitatively, the DNS model predicted well the flow structure of both mean and turbulence parameters in comparison with the experimental PIV predictions. However, quantitatively only the mean velocity predictions are in good agreement with the PIV data with certain amount of under-estimation of the turbulence parameters. Among different turbulence models, the large eddy simulation (LES) - wall adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model presented best comparison with the DNS model data for all the flow parameters; while, the Reynolds stress model and the LES-Smagorinsky models were the poorest. On the other hand, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based two equation models estimated well the mean velocity components in comparison with the DNS model data, but could not capture well the flow structures of the turbulence components. The geometrical features of curved surface of outer bottom and off-bottom clearance area which are of practical importance in stirred vessels, impact adversely the flow structures in the TVB due to poor axial velocity component. In comparison with the spinner vessel, a stirred tank type bioeactor but with lower shear, for similar Re/ReT ratio, the maximum and mean VEDR were always found to be of lower magnitude values, and due to much less difference between the maximum and the mean values, the TVB presents more uniform structures in comparison to the spinner vessel.
Estudo In vitro de nanocompósitos para a liberação lenta de nitrogênio sobre a alimentação animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Cruz, Camila Conceição Tomé da
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316378632269541
Supplementation with nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) has been widely used in ruminant feeding in diets of low quality forages. This is because these animals have a number of microorganisms in the rumen able to use ammonia for microbial protein production of excellent quality, ammonia is obtained through the action of urease enzyme on the nitrogenous products supplied in food, for example, urea. However, an excessive consumption of urea may result in poisoning by NH3. Thus, a controlled release of urea into the rumen is an essential aspect for ruminants feed, but few studies to control the release of urea in the rumen have been identified to date Thus this paper proposes obtaining nanocomposites montmorillonite and urea, formulated by the extrusion process, as a source of slow-release nonprotein nitrogen on the feed. The materials were characterized by diffraction of X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (CHN). Also was studied the behavior solubilization in an aqueous medium of urea present in the nanocomposites. Characterization results can be observed that the montmorillonite exfoliation suffered in all nanocomposites, urea served as montmorillonite dispersed phase in a matrix. The release results showed that the presence of MMT acts as a barrier to release of urea making all nanocomposites have slower release of urea compared to the pure material In order to assess the effect of the use of such nanocomposites as non-protein nitrogen supplement for sugarcane (bulky), was carried out in vitro digestibility test for dry matter, which simulates the food digestion conditions in the rumen. Different nanocomposite showed gain on the digestibility of sugar cane, which is considered low quality forage, especially for presenting low protein value and be difficult to digest. The nanocomposite MMT/Ur 1:4/HG 2% was the most effective in increasing the digestibility of the sugar cane. The gain on digestibility was not very significant for displaying nanocomposites release kinetics urea very slowly, suggesting that an ideal release rate is required, being synchronized with the power supply supplied from the carbohydrate in the diet. The pH remained within the optimal range for urease activity, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing urea to ammonia and also for maximum microbial synthesis. These results show that the development of nanostructures is a powerful tool for increasing the efficiency of conventional fodder, and can serve as a basis for further in vivo testing.
Oxidação preferencial de CO em catalisadores à base de ouro : estudo do efeito do suporte e do método de síntese do catalisador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Miranda, Aline Rodrigues Lopes
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Gomes, Janaina Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
The CO preferential oxidation reaction (PROX) is used in the purification of hydrogen streams for various applications. Since the discovery of improved catalytic properties of gold particles, at nanometer range, in the CO oxidation reaction at low temperature, Au catalysts have been the subject of numerous investigations of CO oxidation and PROX. Concerning the heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst activity is determined by several factors: the nanoparticles size, the metal loading and dispersion, the nature and porosity of the support, and the metal/support interaction. To understand the dependence of the support and the influence of the synthesizing method on the material properties and catalytic performances, gold nanoparticles supported on three different oxides (CeO2, MnO2 and TiO2) were successfully synthesized by the deposition precipitation (DP) method, using urea, and modified polyol (MP) method, using PVP as surfactant and sodium borohydride as reducing agent. Additionally, Au/SiO2 was obtained by the DP method. Characterizations were performed to assess the crystallinity, the metal mass percentage, the reduction temperatures and the respective reducing gas consumptions of pure oxides and supported materials synthesized by both methods. In addition, microscopic pictures were obtained to evaluate the materials morphology and the gold nanoparticles diameter. The Au catalysts synthesized by the DP method presented smaller particle sizes as compared to catalysts obtained by the MP method. Catalytic evaluation of the CO oxidation and PROX reactions were performed using temperature ramp starting at room temperature up to 200 °C. As a comparative parameter, the ratio between the catalyst mass and the gas feed flow remained constant at 1 mg / 1 mL / min for all reactions. The results showed that Au supported on TiO2 prepared by the DP method presented complete CO conversion at room temperature, but with the simultaneous supply of H2, this catalyst tends to oxidize H2, decreasing the CO conversion activity. On the other hand, the Au/CeO2 catalyst prepared by the DP method presented activity up to about 200 °C for PROX and better selectivity towards the CO2 formation.
Caracterização de cinzas de queima de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e prospecção de sua utilização como adsorvente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Cacuro, Thiago Aguiar
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Canela, Maria Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0089739298242263
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
The ashes resulting from the burning of sugarcane bagasse is a heterogeneous material and has various applications as an adsorbent. To enhance and assist in prospecting new applications is critical to better understand the properties of the material. In this work, its morphological, spectroscopic and elemental characterization of the ashes of sugarcane bagasse from three different plants and two different harvests and the prospect of its use as an adsorbent. The particles of the ash were separated according to their density and in order to characterize, FTIR was used in the investigation of chemical groups present in the samples, additionally to the SEM and EDS elemental and morphological characterization of the particles present in the samples. Cenospheres, spherical particles present in ash, were identified as coreshell structure, where the core is a mixed metal oxide and the shell is a layer of silicon dioxide. The correlation between the ratio of the relative abundance between the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and the mass distribution of the granulometric extracts were used as indirect measure of the level of oxidation of the samples. The ashes’ adsorption capacity showed affinity for the methylene blue dye with an adsorption capacity of 39 mg of dye per gram of ash used, in contrast to the low adsorption of potassium chromate solution, 1.2 mg per gram of ash.
Português como Língua de Acolhimento : um estudo com imigrantes e pessoas em situação de refúgio no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
São Bernardo, Mirelle Amaral de
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Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1487117671763782
Teaching Portuguese as Foreign Language (PFL) in Brazil has undergone significant changes, as the Brazilian society. On the one hand, there is a growing number of foreigners seeking for the dream of a better life in this country. On the other, the country is unprepared social and politically in welcoming them. Although Brazil has registered in its history a strong link with immigration from various sources, it does not have effective public policy on immigration. However, the country has opened its doors to Haitian and Syrian immigrants, for humanitarian issues, and it has also received immigrants from other countries in different regions of the world. This research presents data related to the growing number of immigrants and asylum seekers in Brazil, the profile of these individuals and, above all, the role of language learning in the process of hosting these people, given that the various skills to be developed by the people who arrive are not their responsibility only of, but it is also responsibility of those who receive them. In this sense, helping them to learn the language of the country that receives them is the first action of hosting these individuals. This study is an action research inserted in a course for immigrants and refugees at the University of Brasilia, whose teaching material was prepared by topics such as work, housing, health and social relations, considered of greater urgency for linguistic, cultural and labor integration of these people. This research presents a (re)construction of the concept of language, which we call hosting language. During the research, we monitored the course called Módulo Acolhimento, observing and recording some lessons in audio, applying questionnaires and conducting interviews with the participants.
Aspectos da biologia floral e da polinização do adubo verde Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Leguminosae, Faboideae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Santos, Thalita Cristina Silva dos
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Agostini, Kayna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2357548571376630
Green manure is considered a viable and sustainable alternative to agricultural land. The positive highlight this practice results from the proof of the harmful effects of joint-soluble fertilizers with high oil costs and industrial fertilizers. Thus Leguminosae family has been the most used as green manure, as it brings many both the soil and to the plants. In this family there is the Mucuna p ruardievanns ta(Lg.e) sD fCor. (Leguminosae, Faboideae) species as one of the most used for this practice. However knowledge about their biology and especially in relation to aspects of floral biology and their pollinators about various species used as green manure are scarce. rTehpisro sdtuucdtyio ani mofe gdr etoe nv emraifyn uarsep Mecutcsu onfa fplorruarli ebniosl.o Fgoyr athnids , pwoell ininavteionnto trhieadt itnhfelu wenecaelt ht hoef fploorllainl avtiosrit obrse haanvdi opro lalinnadt/oorrs ; flvoerarilf ievdi saitso rm; oarnpdh olaongayl yaznedd flothrael bMio.l opgryu rinieflnuse nfceer titlhitey components through its fruiting rates and seed formation. To study the floral biology flowers were observed as to their flowering time and duration of anthesis. Visa also is change of color in the floral parts and stigmatic receptivity at all stages of flower development. Morphometry of flowers by the material preserved in FAA and in natura was verified. For the morphological and anatomical study of the keel light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used. The floral visitors were observed during their foraging activities and made autogamy test for the presence of spontaneous self. For fertility components was observed a difference in fruit development positions isne ethdes bina sthael, fmruiditsd lep oasnitdio nasp.i cTahl ein Mflo.r epsrucreiennces falonwd etrh ea ndthiffeesriesn hcaev ien stheeve fno rdmaaytsio. nA roef heteroclamídeas with purplish corolla dialipétala and zigomorfa. It is a monoecious aplnadnrto ewciiuthm aanred roteencsiuiomn eda nadn dg ycnooneficnieudm indsiiaddee tlfhoe skiemepl.l eI.n TKheee l gaypneoxe pcieutmal s aanrde joobinseedrv aendd i nlidginviifdieuda lsp rTesriegnotninag s ap imniepmesb r(aFnaeb rt.h) a(tH isym deiffneorpetnetr far:o mAp pideatael)a ra ntidss Vuee.s pWidearee of individuals presenting looting behavior. There was no significant difference between the number of fruits developed in relation to the position in the ionff lothrees cpeondcse .o fS eMleucctuivnea apbrourrtiieonnss. oMccuucrurenda aptr uar hieingsh,e rp frreesqeunetnecdy cinh atrhaec tbearissatilc rse gthioant distinguishes it from other species of the genus, since, it showed no need for pollinators for reproduction by the presence of autogamy. The presence of the membrane in Keel vertex possibly be the difference that provides the reproduction of trheipsr osdpuecctiievse. pBreofbolreem tsh.e Tshtuedrey oisf afe rgtirleitya t cionmvepsotnmeenntst ,i nit pisr opdouscstiibolne Mto. dpertuerciet ncse rltiattilne flowers to fruit formation occurring a great loss of energy descent to ensure species.
Investigação de métodos de sumarização automática multidocumento baseados em hierarquias conceituais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Zacarias, Andressa Caroline Inácio
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Di Felippo, Ariani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4398305062037262
The Automatic Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) aims at creating a single summary, coherent and cohesive, from a collection of different sources texts, on the same topic. The creation of these summaries, in general extracts (informative and generic), requires the selection of the most important sentences from the collection. Therefore, one may use superficial linguistic knowledge (or statistic) or deep knowledge. It is important to note that deep methods, although more expensive and less robust, produce more informative extracts and with more linguistic quality. For the Portuguese language, the sole deep methods that use lexical-conceptual knowledge are based on the frequency of the occurrence of the concepts in the collection for the selection of a content. Considering the potential for application of semantic-conceptual knowledge, the proposition is to investigate MDS methods that start with representation of lexical concepts of source texts in a hierarchy for further exploration of certain hierarchical properties able to distinguish the most relevant concepts (in other words, the topics from a collection of texts) from the others. Specifically, 3 out of 50 CSTNews (multi-document corpus of Portuguese reference) collections were selected and the names that have occurred in the source texts of each collection were manually indexed to the concepts of the WordNet from Princenton (WN.Pr), engendering at the end, an hierarchy with the concepts derived from the collection and other concepts inherited from the WN.PR for the construction of the hierarchy. The hierarchy concepts were characterized in 5 graph metrics (of relevancy) potentially relevant to identify the concepts that compose a summary: Centrality, Simple Frequency, Cumulative Frequency, Closeness and Level. Said characterization was analyzed manually and by machine learning algorithms (ML) with the purpose of verifying the most suitable measures to identify the relevant concepts of the collection. As a result, the measure Centrality was disregarded and the other ones were used to propose content selection methods to MDS. Specifically, 2 sentences selection methods were selected which make up the extractive methods: (i) CFSumm whose content selection is exclusively based on the metric Simple Frequency, and (ii) LCHSumm whose selection is based on rules learned by machine learning algorithms from the use of all 4 relevant measures as attributes. These methods were intrinsically evaluated concerning the informativeness, by means of the package of measures called ROUGE, and the evaluation of linguistic quality was based on the criteria from the TAC conference. Therefore, the 6 human abstracts available in each CSTNews collection were used. Furthermore, the summaries generated by the proposed methods were compared to the extracts generated by the GistSumm summarizer, taken as baseline. The two methods got satisfactory results when compared to the GistSumm baseline and the CFSumm method stands out upon the LCHSumm method.
Redes de atenção à saúde : concepções e ações de nutricionistas em região do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Rossi, Gabriela Perussi Carizani
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0580546835532381
The Care Networks Health to constitute an innovation in the organization of actions and health services, with the formation of regionalized and hierarchical network with different technological densities. These are formed from different health care points, in order to produce a positive impact on health indicators of the population. The implementation of these networks suggests an improvement of the process of realization of the Unified Health System (UHS), and also the prevalence of multiple technical interventions, articulated by the interaction of agents from different professional areas. In order to strengthen the further network, the nutritionist insertion is indispensable in the multidisciplinary team, promoting health and preventing the occurrence of new cases of diseases related to food and nutrition, agile, economical, sustainable and efficient manner. This study sought to understand the role of the nutritionist in the Health Care Networks in the São Paulo region. The population was composed of 14 professionals working nutritionists in the Health Care Networks of the 24 municipalities members of the DRS III – Araraquara/SP. The tool used for data collection in the first stage of the study, was the e-mail, via Google Drive, a Google application package, containing identification data and semi-structured questions. These data were interpreted and analyzed quantitatively. In the second stage of the research, an interview with open questions directed to the theme and the data were analyzed qualitatively and performed using the content analysis technique, taking into account the theoretical and methodological framework. The results showed that the number of nutritionists in the health services is inadequate, that the formation of these dedicated professionals for activities in the UHS is deficient and that nutritionists have a superficial knowledge about the thematic networks. In addition, the results presented show that nutritionists have some difficulties in developing its work in the Health Care Network. However, it became clear that the professional nutritionist presents a range of possibilities of action in the health service and a facility in interdisciplinary work, whose skill is essential to work in public health.
Papel do treinamento físico aeróbio na modulação do balanço pró e antiangiogênico no músculo esquelético de ratos Wistar tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Jesus, Isley de
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1732069858083060
Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used in clinic due to its effectiveness as anti- inflammatory. Nevertheless, its chronic use may cause unwanted metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, which contribute for the development of hypertension. Arterial hypertension may be determined by increases in cardiac output or peripheral resistance and rarefaction may be associated with this response. Microcirculation maintenance is dependent on the balance between anti-apoptotic and apoptotic proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), known to be a key-regulator protein of the physiological angiogenesis, helps to maintain this balance. We recently demonstrated that high doses with DEX-treatment reduce VEGF protein levels, but the mechanisms involved in this response were not evaluated. In the other hand, it has been shown that aerobic training (T) is a good strategy in preventing rarefaction and/or stimulating angiogenesis, however almost nothing is known about the effects of T on microcirculation and hypertension induced by DEX. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms induced by T that can contribute to attenuate DEX-induced rarefaction. Wistar rats were subjected to an aerobic exercise protocol on the treadmill or kept sedentary for 8 weeks. Additionally, animals were treated with DEX or saline (50μg/kg, s.c. for 14 days). Groups were: sedentary control (SC), DEX sedentary (SD), trained control (TC) and trained DEX (TD). Body weight (BW) and arterial pressure (AP) were analyzed. After euthanasia, adrenal gland, myocardium, SOL and TA muscles were weighted and normalized by tibia. The cross-sectional area (CSA), capillary:fiber ratio (C:F ratio), capillary density (CD) and protein levels were evaluated in SOL and TA. Treatment with DEX caused reduction in BW and in muscle weight (MW) in TA. DEX treatment also determinated decrease in CSA (TA). Further, C/F and CD were also reduced (-41 and -43%, SOL) and (-30 and 68.6%, TA). Training was able to prevent C:F ratio and CD reduction (72.7 and 81.0%) and (32.9 and 54.2%) induced by DEX- treatment. Furthermore, DEX significantly reduced protein levels in SOL and TA muscles VEGFR-2 (-14.6% and -20.1%), VEGF (-15.6 and -19%), Bcl-2 (-18.4 and20.5%), Bcl-2/Bax ratio (-29.0 and -13.7%) and p-Bax/Bax (-25.4 and -20%), beyond COX-2 in TA (-22.8%). DEX also promoted increase in caspase-3 cleaved (25 and 24.1%, SOL and TA). Moreover, training was able to prevent reduction in proteins levels in DEX-treated groups in SOL and TA: VEGFR-2 (14.7 and 25.2%), VEGF (15.3 and 25.3%), Bcl-2 (21.6 and 35.5%), Bcl-2/Bax ratio (26.1 and 19.9%), p-Bax/Bax (23.7 and 32.1%) and COX-2 (31.5%) and the increase in caspase-3 cleaved (16.0 and 17.8%). In conclusion, these results showed that DEX-induced rarefaction promoted imbalance between apoptotic and angiogenic factors, become one possible causes of hypertension. However, also showed that aerobic training is a good strategy to attenuate DEX-induced rarefaction and this response may involve a better balance between apoptotic and angiogenic factors, which contribute for the attenuation of hypertension.
Efeitos do treinamento físico na hipertensão e na atrofia muscular em ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29)
Herrera, Naiara Araújo
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0539590036930541
Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used due to its potent anti-inflammatory effect, although its chronic use may cause unwanted effects, including arterial hypertension (H) and muscle atrophy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Nervous system, microcirculation and oxidative stress may be involved in H. In addition, oxidative stress may also be responsible for muscle atrophy. On the other hand, exercise training (T) its recommended for H treatment and it is an oxidative stress modulator. The aim of this study was to investigate if DEX-induced H is associated with changes in the autonomic nervous system, microcirculation and oxidative stress. Moreover, it evaluated if arterial pressure (AP) reduction induced by T is associated with a better balance of these mechanisms. Still, it investigated if muscle atrophy was also involved with oxidative stress and if T could improve this response. Rats were submitted to T for 8 weeks or kept sedentary and then treated or not with DEX (50μg/kg/day for 14 days), composing four groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary DEX (SD), trained control (TC) and trained DEX (TD). Body weight (BW), basal AP, autonomic balance to the heart and sympathetic nerve activity to the vessels were analyzed. Aorta was collected for evaluation of oxidative stress and tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were collected for microcirculation histological analysis and for gene and protein evaluations of gp91phox, p47phox, SOD-1, SOD-2 and CAT. DEX decreased BW (-29.1g), increased AP (+12.1%), TA muscle atrophy (- 8.2%), increased low-frequency waves to the heart (+58.5%) and vessels (+96.6%), decreased high-frequency waves to the heart (-12.0%), reduced capillary density and capillary-fiber-ratio (C:F ratio) in TA (respectively -21.9%, -11.1%) and SOL (respectively -25.9%, -22.2%) muscles. In contrast, T mitigated AP increase (-10.0%), atennuated low-frequency waves increase to the heart (-21.5%) and vessels (-8.4%) and also high-frequency waves decrease to the heart (+8.4%). Moreover, T prevented capillary density and C:F ratio reductions in TA (respectively, +46.0% +31.6%) and SOL (respectively, +44.4% +37.5%) muscles and increased SOD-2 and CAT protein level in TA (respectively + 37.4%, + 20.9%) and SOL (respectively +15.4%, +18.0%) muscles. The results allow us to suggest that DEX-induced H may be associated with changes in sympathetic nervous system to the heart and vessels, parasympathetic nervous system to the heart and also microcirculation rarefaction. In the other hand, T was able to mitigate AP increase due to autonomic balance improvement and rarefaction prevention. Since T increased rat´s antioxidant capacity independent of attenuation of muscle atrophy, we may suggest that oxidative stress is not involved in DEX-induced muscle atrophy.