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A Iniciação Científica Júnior multidisciplinar como facilitadora da alfabetização científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Rodrigues, Bárbara Daniela Guedes; Lupetti, Karina Omuro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
This research was conducted by monitoring ten students awarded with high school scholarships (scientific initiation junior multidisciplinary) provided by Circus of Science, an event realized during the Open University directed by professor Pedro Malagutti of Math Department-UFSCar, in 2013. The following process allowed to analyze and observe the scientific literacy of the students facilitated by the scientific initiation junior activities. During 2013 the Circus of Science held a science fair of public school students from São Carlos and awarded the 20 best reports with scholarships from CNPq, a governmental institution. The research started with a small science fair at the public school Archimedes Aristeu Mendes de Carvalho where the first and second years high school students exposed their projects and were selected to present at Circus of Science. After analysis of theirs projects and educational achievement 10 students were selected among 20 that participated and were awarded with the multidisciplinary scholarships. The project comprehended during one year activities in different laboratories, among them Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Mathematic. The researcher monitored these students and applied questionnaires before and after the activities, classes, posters composition and the final projects presented again at the Circus of Science event in 2014. The data were analyzed by scientific literacy point of view based in Miller and Ludke and Andre qualitative methodology.
Conjugate additions and organocatalytic sequential reactions - new approaches to old reactions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Feu, Karla Santos; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1138069644348816
This thesis consists in a collection of projects wherein the focus is the application of organocatalysts to accelerate the reactions, its primary function, as to induce asymmetry to the synthetic targets, within a perspective of sustainable chemistry. Thus, this thesis was arranged in four sections, the first two being about conjugate additions reactions; the third one related to 1,6-Friedel-Crafts/ 1,4-oxa-Michael cascade, and finally the fourth related to a formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction. The first chapter describes the application of ionic liquids as basic catalysts in the conjugate addition of diketones to nitroolefins irradiated by ultrasound. Thus, the Michael adducts, which are important synthetic building blocks were synthesized efficiently under solvent free conditions. In the second chapter is presented the formal synthesis of Pregabalin Phenibut and Bacoflen. The synthetic intermediate of theses are obtained via a conjugate addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins, using an organocatalyst developed by our group in PEG-400, as recyclable solvent. In this regard, a collection of Michael adducts was synthesized within the principles of green chemistry in good yields and selectivities. The third section describes the first organocatalytic asymmetric cascate 1,6- Friedel-Crafts / 1,4- Oxa-Michael of hydroxyarenes to 2,4-dienal for the construction of chiral chromans, which are important bioactive compounds. A collection of chiral chromans was synthesized with high yields and selectivities (94-99% ee). Furthermore, several manipulations were made including the formation of a macrocyclic lactam. Finally, the fourth section dedicated to the formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition of azomethine imine with methyl isocyanoacetates leading to 1,2,4 triazines derivatives, which are relevant biological activity heterocyclic. We used either organocatalytic approach as cooperative catalysis (organocatalysis and metal catalysis). This work is still in the primary stages, however the product has been obtained with up to (42% ee, 69% yield), as just one diastereomer.
Teletransporte quântico na presença de ruído
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Gomes, Raphael Fortes Infante; Rigolin, Gustavo Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5670956791297779; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5150160591123690
The main focus of this work is to explore the feasibility of conducting the teleportation protocol in scenarios where the presence of an external environment reduces the purity of the input state and the transmission channel. To investigate the behavior of these protocols under realistic conditions, we selected the main decoherence maps reported in the literature concerning the description of this phenomenon, including the representation of mixed states through the Kraus operators and systems in thermal equilibrium whose Hamiltonian is described by the Heisenberg model. In this context, we proved that there are cases in which the in uence of external factors (such as increasing temperature and decoherence rates) and the immersion of those qubits in distinct environments help increasing the similarity between the properties of the original information and the teleported state. In addition, we studied the probabilistic teleportation protocol under the in uence of the same noise conditions analysed for the deterministic protocol, and the results here obtained show that the rst process can outperform the expected value of the average delity of the teleported state.
Obtenção de nanocelulose via hidrólise ácida a partir dos resíduos da produção de cerveja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Lima, Vitor Hugo de; Menezes, Aparecido Junior de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514638680367582
The industrial waste usage for technological application has been gaining ground in different segments and applications. One of the prominent sectors is Material technology, where these residues can be used to obtain the raw material for obtaining polyols, which, later on, will be used in the process for obtaining polymeric materials or as fillers and reinforcement in thermoplastic polymeric materials. The cellulose, which is a natural polymer and the material generated in greater amounts in nature, is been used as a source of study and has several applications in materials, such as reinforcement, load or chemical surface modifications. The nanocellulose, which is obtained from different chemical, mechanical and biological processes, may be in the form of cellulose nanofibrils (NFCs), which are present in crystalline and amorphous regions along it, and cellulose nanocrystals (NCCs) where it reveals only the crystal region. The material in this work is malt bagasse, which is currently the waste generated in the beer industry by bulk and shows no alternative reuse and application in Material technology. It was determined the chemical composition of the fibers and applied chemical bleaching process to remove components such as lignin and hemicellulose in preparation of the fibers for obtaining nanocellulose through acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was performed using H2SO4 at two concentrations, 44% (w / w) and 64% (m / m), with the temperature at 40 ° C and 50 ° C for the samples subjected to the acid solution 44%, besides that, it was used 40 ° C, 50 ° C and 60 ° C for samples with 64% solution. For the samples 44/40 and 44/50 it were obtained NFCS and for the 64% the result obtained was NCCs. Natural and bleached fibers, along with nanocellulose, obtained through different concentrations of H2SO4 and temperature variations were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).
O problema de roteamento e programação de navios com coleta e entrega na indústria de petróleo : modelagem e métodos de solução exatos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Furtado, Maria Gabriela Stevanato; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7554755057739841
The object of this study is the routing and scheduling problem of vessels with pickup and delivery and time windows in the oil industry. A case study was performed in a Brazilian oil industry that produces crude oil in o shore platforms, that is, located in the ocean, and transports to the terminals located in the Brazilian coast. Then, it was proposed a mixed integer model to represent the problem adequately and for this, a detailed analysis of the real problem in order to know all its characteristics and consider some simplifying assumptions. Therefore, to the pickup and delivery problem with time windows present in the literature were aggregated other speci c restrictions of the case study, for example, multiple depots, ship mooring restrictions, exible draft and dynamic positioning. Besides that, the eet is heterogeneous related to capacity, LOA (length overall), dynamic positioning and velocity. In practice, in general there are no identical vessels. This problem can be represented as a combinatorial optimization model, which belongs to the NP-hard class and its solution is a challenging in practice depending on the size of the real problems. Then, were proposed several exact branch-and-cut methods based on models with 2 and 3-index variables for routing problems with pickup and delivery and time windows to solve speci cally the Brazilian oil industry problem. Finally, we proposed a branch-and-price method, which includes all characteristics of the problem in oil industry. In summary, the main contributions of this thesis are related to the study and modeling of this problem in practice, and the proposal and development of exact solution methods to solve it, based on branch-and-cut and branch-and-price. The performance of the mathematical model in optimization software and the exact methods were veri ed using a real data set provided by the company. Results show that these approaches may be e ective to solve problems of moderate size in real situations.
Inovação organizacional e cultura organizacional na percepção de gestores de grandes empresas: estudo multicasos em empresas do setor de autopeças da região metropolitana de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Andrade, Luciana do Carmo Menezes de; Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2040112179165748
With the crisis that has been going the automotive industry last year, it is necessary that companies in the auto parts sector go forward several changes to remain competitive. In this context, organizational innovation, which has the organizational culture as one of its main determinants, it is a key pillar of support competitiveness. Thus, this work is a multicases study in five large suppliers companies of auto parts of the metropolitan area of Sorocaba, aimed to analyze the practices of organizational innovation, and identify the factors related to the organizational culture of these companies are the key to the organizational innovation. As result, it was found that the adoption of organizational innovation practices is due to isomorphism in the automotive industries, but the organizational culture focused on innovation is essential for the occurrence of organizational innovation, and features such as financial (reward system, financial resources), organizational architecture (market orientation, mission, value and leadership), management tools (support innovation, teamwork, acceptance of risk and error tolerance, creativity, communication and management systems) are fundamentals. As factors that hinder organizational innovation were basically found problems related to people as: outgoing employees, lack of discipline, motivation, overwork, predesigned concepts, difficult to accept changes and unhappiness. The centralization of power, lack of autonomy and authoritarian leadership were also mentioned as inhibitors to the occurrence of organizational innovation.
Defective models for cure rate modeling
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Rocha, Ricardo Ferreira da; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/88705569783170000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0676420269735630
Modeling of a cure fraction, also known as long-term survivors, is a part of survival analysis. It studies cases where supposedly there are observations not susceptible to the event of interest. Such cases require special theoretical treatment, in a way that the modeling assumes the existence of such observations. We need to use some strategy to make the survival function converge to a value p 2 (0; 1), representing the cure rate. A way to model cure rates is to use defective distributions. These distributions are characterized by having probability density functions which integrate to values less than one when the domain of some of their parameters is di erent from that usually de ned. There is not so much literature about these distributions. There are at least two distributions in the literature that can be used for defective modeling: the Gompertz and inverse Gaussian distribution. The defective models have the advantage of not need the assumption of the presence of immune individuals in the data set. In order to use the defective distributions theory in a competitive way, we need a larger variety of these distributions. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to increase the number of defective distributions that can be used in the cure rate modeling. We investigate how to extend baseline models using some family of distributions. In addition, we derive a property of the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that allows one to generate new defective models.
Estudo sobre o impacto da redução do consumo de cimento no comportamento mecânico do concreto autoadensável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Barboza, Lucas da Silva; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1159705362571916
This paper presents an analysis of the development of self-compacting concrete with low consumption of Portland cement, and evaluates some of its properties in fresh and hardened state ( mechanical properties ). The production of concrete with low consumption of Portland cement of the concept of providing more sustainable construction based on the concrete industry, as increased longevity of raw materials deposits, reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption and lower cost transport. It provides various technical improvements such as lower heat of hydration, shrinkage and cracking. Based on packaging concepts and particle dispersion suitable choice of materials and the use of mineral fílers and admixtures, there was obtained concrete with low consumption of cement and high strength, with a relative consumption of binder materials less than 5 kg / m³ to produce 1 MPa compressive strength. This research is characterized as a theoretical-experimental model, which were researched packaging methods of aggregates and mineral additions, studied the interaction between superplasticizer and cementitious materials, seeking a considerable reduction in cement content in mixtures of self-compacting concrete. Therefore, we used the dosage methodology presented by Gomes (2002) and also have certain mechanical properties of concrete and it is concluded by the results, the use of a structural concrete self-compacting with Portland cement consumption can reduced.
Adoecer por TB/HIV: os efeitos de sentido a partir da perspectiva discursiva de indivíduos coinfectados em um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-01) Reis, Amanda Alessandra dos; Protti-Zanatta, Simone Teresinha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6772128930979370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6434495894699587
This is a qualitative based study, supported by methodological theoretical framework Speech Analysis of French Matrix, which seeks to understand these production processesin the relation of langua get o the historical and social externality of the subject. The study aimed to analyze the senses produced by the disease processin patients with TB/HIV. This proposal was developed with patients using the Care Center of Chronicle Infections of a city in the São Paulo state. The data collection was divided into two stages :the first stage was collected by the multi-professional team, through the Book of Registration and Monitoring of Tuberculosis Cases Treatment, the National Disease Reporting Information System(Sinan), TBWEB and socio demographic data in order to characterize the subjects of this investigation. In the second stage individual interviews were conductedwith06TB /HIV co-infected patients; the interviews were semi-structured and audio-recorded. The transcriptions were organized with ATLAS.ti7software feature, which facilitated the organization of empirical data. The results of this research demonstrate that some subject sin the interview and patient position assume a standard circulating conception in society, in which HIV is inextricably linked torisky behaviors (drug use and unprotected sex) that propitiate infection by this virus. In addition, was possible to observet he importance of the link between the patient and the health professional in strengthening and continuity of treatment. Considering the above, there is the need to strengthen the recommendations by the Health Ministry about the co-infection TB /HIV using health strategies or actions not only to patients and health professionals, but also t of families and care givers of these patients.