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Ensino de relações numéricas com o uso de discriminações condicionais para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-03)
Garcia, Rafael Vilas Boas
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8516732611799388
The purposes of this research are evaluate the effectiveness of MTS computerized teaching tasks, and develop, apply and evaluate a Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm based curriculum to teach number concept. Studies that used MTS procedure to teach arbitrary conditional discriminations and equivalence relations obtained positive results on subjects with disability. We propose a systematic replication of Rossit (2003), that used MTS tasks to taught monetary system to youths with intellectual disability on a Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm based organized curriculum. In order to teach number concept, the experimental stimuli (numerals from one until nine, and figures of non-representational forms) were divided in three stimuli groups of increasing values in a multiple baseline design among stimuli groups. Were the participants in the research three ASD students with eight to 12 years old. The results shows efficacy on teach number concept for ASD children with strategy derived of Stimulus Equivalence, replicating the results obtained by Rossit (2003) and corroborating with previous notes on the contribution of resource derived from the Applied Behavior Analysis for the successful in inclusion of students with ASD.
A recepção crítica de Nicanor Parra no Chile (1937- 2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-04)
Toro Castillo, Juan Francisco
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Rodrigues, Raquel Terezinha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2468134516070432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2287741778935811
In this study we articulate and analyze Nicanor Parra’s critical fortune, published in Chile before and after the success achieved by the Chilean writer, having as parameter the Chilean National Prize of Literature, which he won in 1969. We point out to the reception aspects registered by real readers, that give life and dictate the history of Nicanor Parra’s literary Project, by taking over te text. Such critical impressions took place between 1939 and 2011. We observed the Horizon of Change passing through the critical fortune collected, by Robert Jauss Reception Theory.
The rime of the ancient mariner” em diferentes narrativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-04)
Poletti Neto, Walter
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2047269154670988
The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the dialogue between the romantic poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798, and its transcreation – concept proposed by Haroldo de Campos – in the homonymous song released by the heavy-metal group Iron Maiden. Based on three levels of analysis of both texts, according to Fredric Jameson dialectical critic, this interpretation will make evident or clear, in the very first moment, which elements of the poem are approached or neglected in Steve Harris’ adaptation, leader, founder and main songwriter of the British group; simultaneously, a comparison between the form of the texts will be made to list important elements such as rime and meter, verses and stanzas, fable, “characters”, and others. In the second moment, the analysis must point out how nature and religion, illustrated in elements such as the sea, rain, snow, fog and mist, Sun and Moon, wind and breeze, beautiful or slimy living things, prayers, sin and “shrieve” made critics such as Franca Neto, John Lowes, Alexander Silva and Tania Asnes to interpret the poem as imaginative, subjective or religious, connected to what Fredric Jameson calls strategies of containment. The third level of reading will bring up the History hidden under the surface of the work of arts, or in other words, an social-aesthetical reading or an “political interpretation of the literary texts” (JAMESON, 1992, p. 15) supported specially in the concepts of mediation – “the establishment of relationships between, say, the formal analysis of a work of art and its social ground, or between the internal dynamics of the political state and its economic base” (ROBERTS, 2000, p. 78, 79), verifying acts socially symbolic revealed in a final analysis.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos para a avaliação de nanosuspensões de fertilizantes e efeitos sobre a produtividade de culturas agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-04)
Liberato, Clayton Gondim
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1890025859346521
This study was carried out in three steps: 1) production and characterization of nanosuspensions; 2) development of analytical methods for elemental analysis of fertilizers and plant tissues and comparison between inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES); 3) agronomical experiments in which the monoelementar nanosuspensions containing zinc, calcium or manganese and other commercial fertilizers were applied in lettuce, corn and soybeans. The particle sizes for nanosuspensions were about 4, 8 and 10 times lower than commercialized products based on zinc, calcium and manganese, respectively. Analytical procedures developed for fertilizers analysis by direct analysis of the nanosuspensions and applying the official method were statistically equal and equivalent in both equipments, with recoveries interval from 99 to 102%. The results of the plant tissue analysis showed statistical differences for most of the analytes, however analysis of the certified reference material apple leaves, NIST 1515, showed recoveries from 80 to 100 % for both equipments. The agronomical experiments have shown productivity gains of around 15% for the application of manganese and zinc nanosuspensions in soybeans, compared to other products tested; although the increase in productivity has not been noticeable to corn crop. For lettuce crop was observed that commercial applications and Calcium Nano (200 mg plant-1) contributed for obtaining bigger plants and to a large absorption of calcium.
Reflexões sobre o Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05)
Bastos, Daniela Botti Dias
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Rabinovici, Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1288071223425898
This study has had as purpose analysing the Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis – PNES [Sustainable Schools National Programme] and its applications, germane to the criteria of the law n.º 9795, from 27th April, 1999, which ordain about Educação Ambiental - EA [Environmental Education]. Therefore, considerations have been conducted about the concepts of Sustainable School and the Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola – PDDE [Money Directly into the School Programme], as well as the relevance of the formation groups on the effectuation of discussions about Environmental Education. To develop this analysis, interviews were carried out with environmental educators and environmental education managers who have taken part on the formation and development of this programme, in which they were able to present their opinions about the affirmative actions of implementation and the predicaments addressed for its effectuation, having assessed the aspects that have weakened its national structure. Considering the idea of transforming the awareness of the environment starting from the schools , according to the concept of Sustainable Schools , the Programme presents itself as innovative , but not found is consolidated as a public politics for lack of institutional support , undermining its applicability , evaluation and continuity.
Contribuições da matemática financeira para o ensino médio: o uso de tributos em tarefas de sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05)
Pinheiro, Cláudio Júlio César
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3314260201886761
The aim of this research is to verify the contributions of the tribute studies of Financial Mathematics contents for High School. The income tax implicates several areas of public and private interests. The tax collection is one of the mainly public funds resources, it’s necessary for the accomplishment of state functions. To discuss the taxes history with Financial Mathematics relating to the student routine was the center of attention in this Master’s Thesis in the financial education construction of the participating subjects of the research. The task was developed, by lessons, in a private school in Votorantim, in São Paulo’s countryside. The research-professor worked with the subject of Mathematics all along the Middle School and High School; the peculiarity that appointed a qualitative nature research. To the produce of our labor’s information, initially we did a diagnostic with our students and we determined their acknowledge about the abbreviations and conventional taxes’ purposes in our society. We aim to present in this labor the meaning of each abbreviation (taxes’ initials), tax collection and distribution tax. We elaborated and applied lessons divided in two steps: the research about taxes and questions about applicability of taxes with financial mathematics contents. The leading question of our research had the following elaboration: What contributions the study of taxes can generate in the learning of financial mathematics for High School students? The outcomes of our research showed that to insert the student in the historical taxes context, associating them with questions related to social context of our research subjects, contributes to the learning of the financial mathematics program contents, which are usually approached by the perspective of formulas application and algorithms, meaningless.
Análise da sensibilidade do investimento em relação ao fluxo de caixa: um estudo nas empresas da indústria brasileira listadas na BM&FBOVESPA entre os anos 2004 e 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05)
Machado, Kalleb de Souza Rangel
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2711700602272074
Modigliani and Miller`s seminal article, published in 1958, gave great contribution to modern financial theory. The assumptions that guided this article stated that in a perfect capital market, the capital structure of the company did not interfere in its investment decision because the internal and external financing costs were perfect substitutes, as well as the fact that the company operates an investment opportunity if the rate of return on the investment is equal to or greater than the average cost of capital. Many authors, refuting the assumptions of Modigliani and Miller, and considering the existence of problems related to market imperfections and asymmetry information, now it has started to include variables in their models that capture these imperfections and demonstrated that some companies had restrictions on access to foreign credit market. Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988) are among the authors and have developed a model that aimed to demonstrate that the market imperfections could limit the gain of external funding for some companies. The results showed that there was investment sensitivity to cash flow, assuring the hypothesis of financial constraint in the companies analyzed. Due to this fact, the present research has as its goals to analyze the investment-cash flow sensitivities for Brazilian companies in the industries manufacture and extractive listed on the BM&FBOVESPA from 2004 and 2014 and the following two sub-periods of 2004 to 2008 and 2009 to 2014. To test the financial constraint hypothesis was used panel data, wherein data from the secondary system Economática were used. Thus, obtained results by the method of OLS, proved inconsistent, do not corroborate for all periods analyzed, the hypothesis defended by Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988)
Possíveis relações entre formas de provimento do cargo e percepções de diretores escolares sobre o exercício de suas funções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05)
Silveira, Caroline Rodrigues
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Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3763523593941626
The globalization process experienced in recent decades has been responsible for numerous social, political and cultural factors that have changed society and, consequently, how the education has to be conceived. Such changes have brought a market bias for practices related to school management, since increased to autonomy of the institutions as regards the financial aspects. Concurrently with this, it has become the rule, from the 1988 Federal Constitution and the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education 1996, a democratic bias of school management, from which communities and families should actively participate in decisions on school environment. Since then, many were the struggles for democratic management in fact happen in schools, marking thus the search for a quality education for all. However, in some municipalities it is not a rule, since the provision mode of public school management positions still occurs from political statements, in view of external interests to the school environment and their present needs. Thus, this study aims to analyze the perceptions of four public school principals of a town in the interior in order to understand their relationship with the position of the provision so that in this case, is given by political appointment. Through interviews with such directors could realize their ideas about education, school management, indiscipline and other pedagogical aspects are closely linked to the political aspects of his office, greatly changing the way the actions are developed in practice and how education it is designed and developed.
Recuperação de lipase BTL-2 de Bacillus thermocatenulatus produzida em Escherichia coli recombinante empregando suportes magnéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Lopes, Laiane Antunes
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Kopp, Willian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3856554957880380
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
Magnetic supports have gained attention because the magnetic separation is easy, has low cost and high efficiency. Moreover, it allows the purification and immobilization of a biomolecules in single step. Lipases are hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters from glycerol and long chain fatty acids. Lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL-2) has interesting properties such as stability at high temperatures (50 °C), alkaline pH (9.0-11.0) and organic solvent (2-propanol, acetone and methanol). In view of the characteristics that makes BTL-2 a promising lipase for industrial application, concentration and purification is of great importance for implementation in industrial scale. In this context, this study aimed to purify and to immobilize BTL-2 lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus produced in recombinant Escherichia coli using magnetic silica microparticles (SMMps). Initially, it was determined the best condition for extraction of the enzyme, changing the pH, buffer and ionic strengh during the sonication. Sodium phosphate buffer 100 mM pH 8.0 has shown to be the best condition for the enzyme extraction. The adsorption of lipase on SMMP-octyl was compared with the adsorption performed using agarose-octyl and silica-octyl. The agarose-octyl support showed the best enzyme adsorption yield (RAE), 92.9%, and higher selectivity in the adsorption of the enzyme. The SMMP-octyl showed higher adsorption capacity per volume of support (189.45 UTBU/mL) than silica-octyl. In order to improve the SMMP adsorption performance, it was changed the octyl groups density on the support surface, by activating with theoretical percentages of 25%, 50% and 75% of octyl groups. SMMP-octyl 75%, after activation with 75% of octyl groups, showed to be the best condition, reaching adsorption with RAE of 92.87% (374.33 UTBU/mL), similar to the obtained using agarose-octyl. The commercial macroporous silica (IM S60P) was also used for comparison of activation procedures with different densities of octyl groups (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The results obtained showed higher activity and the adsorbed protein by support volume with SMMp than silica for all activation degrees. Dessorption tests, however, showed to be possible to dessorve all enzyme from the agarose-octyl, but not from SMMp and silica-octil. The presence of negative charges in silica particles, due to possible ionic interaction with the enzyme may be responsible for this result. The concentration of Triton X-100 0.4% was the best concentration to desorb the enzyme of SMMP-octyl 25%, 75% and 100% and concentration of 0.5% (w/v) was the best concentration for desorption in SMMP-octyl 50%. Adsorption tests in the presence of cellular debris were performed and presented similar behavior those ones observed for the centrifuged and dyalized enzyme solutions: the SMMP-octyl 75% showed higher RAE (71.25%) in the presence of cellular debris. Esterification reactions, using the adsorved enzyme on SMMp in different activation degrees as catalysts, showed that the derivative SMMP-octyl 75% allowed reaching 60.93% conversion in butyrate butyl after 24 hours of reaction. The BTL-2 adsorbed derived directly from cell debris in SMMP-octyl were used in recycles and showed satisfactory conversion in the first cycle, however it decreased in the following cycles.
Terra e política : etnografia da luta antibarragem de indígenas e agricultores contra Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas da bacia do rio Branco (RO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Furlan, Vinícius Teixeira
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0571267277128155
The hydroelectric projects in Brazil are marked by an assumption of progress and national development that runs simultaneously with a territorial expansion of areas destinated to many economic activities such as agriculture, livestock and mineral extraction. In many biomes and watersheds we have recent clashes between the expansionist developmental logic with the environmental issues and the traditional peoples. In this context that Small Hydroelectric Power Plants (SHP) from the rio Branco basin (RO), which since 1993 continue multiplying along that river. Because these are smaller projects – dams that generates below than 30MW – they don‘t need a study of environmental impacts and so, the impacted people remain vulnerable to impacts that were not formally predicted. This thesis takes as it‘s starting point the process of bulding these hydroeletrics projects and their impacts on the region‘s population. It aims to describe about the process of clashes and struggle by the indigenous people and small farmers, as well their perspectives to the changes that occured from the construction of the dams. The research took place in diferentes etnographic places: i) reading the legal process in the Ministério Público Federal ii) with the indigenous people, in the Terra Indigena Rio Branco; and iii) with the farmers, most of them, linked to the Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA); and in so many other intersections in my path research.
Tempo de espera para a ocorrência de palavras em ensaios de Markov
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Florencio, Mariele Parteli
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Gava, Renato Jacob
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0494315910583969
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0161279835618234
Consider a sequence of independent coin flips where we denote the result of any landing for H, if coming up head, or T, otherwise. Create patterns with H's and T's, for example, HHHHH or HTHTH. How many times do we have to land the same coin until one such two patterns happens? For example, let the sequences being THTHHHHH and TTHTTHTHTH. The number of times that we landed the coin until HHHHH and HTHTH happens it was eight and ten times respectively. We can generalize this idea for a finite number of patterns in any nite set. Then, the rst of all interest of this dissertation is to nd the distribution of the waiting time until a member of a nite colection of patterns is observed in a sequence of Markov chains of letters in from finite set. More speci cally the letters in a nite set are generated by Markov chain until one of the patterns in any fi nite set happens. Besides that, we will find the probability of a pattern happen before of all patterns in the same nite set. Finally we will find the generator function of probability of waiting time.
Autismo : um acontecimento discursivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Telles, Cynara Maria Andrade
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7040619427859244
In this research, we intend to treat autism in a theoretical, clinical and, also, a discursive perspective. We understand it as a discursive event, considering the progresses since the construction of the disorder category assumed by Child Psychiatry M.D. in the 1940’s, an age when childhood mental disorder and other studies related to childhood, arisen and marked all the subsequent course of this theoretical universe. Our research’s object is the autism’s diagnosis, appointments and re-appointments in science, turning the designation process back to the subject with conductions that contrasts the social balance. Further, we first approach the subject, deliberated as abnormal, and the forms of specifying and positioning him. We will do this course, with the purpose of discussing what has been created until we reach the present historical moment: the nosographic name of autism. Therefore, we will turn back the path that science has followed until the current days, with its classificatory conceptions about autism, always prioritizing the path followed by the theoretical constructions and their effects inside medical, psychoanalytic and philosophical knowledge, as, also, autistic child´s itself. And yet, into the (un)knowledge non-experts person, according to legal supplies and their effects on subjects who experience this condition, whether autistics themselves, whether the people whom they live: parents, brethren, educators, professionals. This course aims to confirming autism as a discursive event, as an example, proposed by Foucault. Our intention with such retrieval, considering the positions occupied by this divergent subject, is to discuss the historical, social and political issues that shaped the scenarios and the places by him occupied.
Mining ontologies to extract implicit knowledge
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Navarro, Lucas Fonseca
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Appel, Ana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6279577249131944
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289186954993246
With the exponentially growing of data available on the Web, several projects were created to automatically represent this information as knowledge bases(KBs). Knowledge bases used in most projects are represented in an ontology-based fashion, so the data can be better organized and easily accessible. It is common to map these KBs into a graph to apply graph mining algorithms to extract implicit knowledge from the KB, knowledge that sometimes is easy for human beings to infer but not so trivial to a machine. One common graph-based task is link prediction, which can be used not only to predict edges (new facts for the KB) that will appear in a near future, but also to nd misplaced edges (wrong facts present in the KB). In this project, we create algorithms that uses graph-mining (mostly link-prediction based) approaches to nd implicit knowledge from ontological knowledge bases. Despite of common graph-mining algorithms, we mine not just the facts on the KB, but also the ontology information (such as categories of instances and relations among them). The implicit knowledge that our algorithms will nd, is not just new facts for the KB, but also new relations and categories, extending the ontology as well.
Efeito da história experimental na sensibilidade às contingências em participantes flexíveis e inflexíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Zerbinatti, Ana Lídia Fonseca
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Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0164439915692531
This study aimed to investigate whether a previous history of learning by instructional control, in both the previous story of the subject or immediately following an experimental condition, could differentially affect the sensitivity to contingencies. Replicating previous studies, the authors sought to address a possible history of control by following rules, assessing the presence of flexibility or inflexibility indicator’s in their repertoire. Therefore, we evaluated 212 undergraduate students who responded to the Rigidity Scale of Rehfisch; 114 were implemented by virtual media and 98 during individual meeting. Of the 23 participants assessed who met inclusion’s criteria, 13 agreed to participate in the study, seven were recruited by personal application and six through online assessment. Eight participants were males and five females, aged 18-31; nine participants presented scores agreed as flexible and 4 others as inflexible. The experimental condition is the execution of tasks on a matching-to-sample schedule (MTS), arranged in two phases, through appropriate software. In Phase 1, the participants were divided into the training of two different instructional conditions: 1) instructions corresponding to the contingencies programmed; and 2) discrepant instructions. Considering the participants of the Group Flexible, 5 were exposed to instructional correspondence training and 4 the discrepancy; two inflexible participants were assigned to each instructional training conditions. Eleven of thirteen participants reach the learning criteria, required in Phase 1, during 69 or less trials; the two participants who did not meet the criteria were allocated in the Flexible Group (P167 and P184) and were submitted to the discrepant training. In Phase 2 was scheduled during a single experimental condition, similar to all participants, with the presentation of 80 trials, divided into 4 blocks of 20 each. The first and third blocks have been programmed accordingly to the instructions; the second and fourth block presented contingencies that were instructions’ discrepant. Six of the nine flexible participants presented a percentage of responses equal to or greater than 70% accuracy, in the first block of discrepant trials, during the Phase 2; two of the three participants presented lower percentage of correct answers, had a history of learning by discrepant instructions. Participants of the inflexible Group showed higher percentage of correct answers, when they had been subjected to a discrepancy during in training. It was addressed how these results either replicate or present differences from the literature in the area.
Notas discursivas sobre autoria na rede (WEB) : o funcionamento polifônico da autoria no sistema computacional NELL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Hruschka, Estevam Rafael
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6157887530785428
This research work aims at giving thought to the authorship concept when applied to a computational system – NELL (Never-Ending Language Learner) - that was designed to read the WEB in order to automatically build a consistent knowledge repository to be digitally stored. The internet is the primary input source for the system, and using a so called “neverending” reading process, the computer program is capable of accessing and fetching the whole internet content. Following the idea of exploring the relations and interactions among concepts, contexts and facts stated over the internet, the computer system will generate its own knowledge base, which will allow it to immediately answer questions on any domain. Considering the promising initial results obtained so far, studying and investigating theoretical approaches proposed by researchers from de authorship over de internet, having NELL as co-reference, is the main goal of the scientific research described in this document. This work is guided, basically, by the theoretical presupposition, as well as by the position and opinion of the following researchers: Michel Foucault, in its work: “O que é um Autor?”; Dominique Maingueneau: “Doze Conceitos em Análise do Discurso”, “Cenas da Enunciação” and “Discurso Literário”; Sírio Possenti: “Indícios de Autoria”; the Roger Chartier approach based on Michel Foucault work “O que é um Autor? Revisão de uma genealogia”; and Eni P. Orlandi: Interpretação; Autoria, leitura e efeitos do trabalho simbólico. Which are works that explore the target research topic. Based on the performed studies and analyses, our initial conclusions reveal that NELL’s authorship happens as in a polyphonic game of different voices.
Descrição e classificação das construções conversas do Português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Calcia, Nathalia Perussi
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230905960655088
This dissertation proposes an analysis about the relation between pairs of constructions, both with support-verb and predicative name, such as João deu uma ajuda ao Pedro/Pedro recebeu uma ajuda do João. This relation is called Conversion (G.GROSS, 1989), a transformational property that inverts the arguments of the subject position and the phrase complement, without changing their semantic roles, restructures a sentence inverting sense from active to passive. Thus, by inverting the standard support-verb (dar, fazer ou ter – to give, to do or to have) for a converse support-verb (receber, levar or ter – to receive, to lead or to have), the conversion produces equivalent syntactic-semantically sentences. The analysis of this type of construction is done systematically, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and theoretical-methodological model of Lexicon-Grammar (M.GROSS 1975, 1981), adopting formal criteria of linguistic description. The proposed classification is based on the set of support-verbs that each predicative noun selects such in the standard position, as in converse position. This criterion proved to be the most appropriate at this moment, because the predicative nouns constitute a very heterogeneous group, by the syntactic-semantic point of view. The sentences that exemplify constructions converses are validated introspectively and through of a corpus, where it can identify its structure with better precision. In addition, their structural, distributional and transformational properties are formalized in a table of Lexicon-Grammar, that is, is a binary matrix in which each row corresponds to a lexical entry (the predicative noun) and each column corresponds to a formal property of the construction. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the linguistic description of Brazilian Portuguese, taking into account that this type of construction was studied only for the French (G.GROSS, 1989), European Portuguese (BAPTISTA, 1997) and more recently to the Romanian (CIOCANEA, 2011). The constructions description with support-verb and predicative noun, may collaborate in texts analysis, identifying information and the structure‘s form, then, consequently, enriching the description of the language. Besides, the results‘ representation in binary matrixes provides a formal description enough to be used in auto applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Desenvolvimento de um ensaio mecânico não convencional para a análise da relaxação de tensões do politetrafluoretileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Melo, Caiuã Caldeira de
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123
The mechanical behavior of materials usually depends on room temperature and loading rate. The identification of the time-dependent mechanical behavior is a great difficulty for the industry in the application of new materials such as polymers, mainly for long-term behavior. In this context, several experimental apparatus for measuring mechanical properties of long-term behavior have been developed. Generally, these devices are expensive and its use is unique to a specimen tested at one time. This study is a development of a new technique and methods for the characterization of time-dependent mechanical behavior in longterm tests. The hole-shaft coupling test (HSCT) was developed to the low cost of implementation and, especially, not a continued occupation of a testing machine for long periods, allowing the performance of more than one test at the same time. The HSCT results revealed the stress relaxation effects on polytetrafluoroethylene over several days. An optimization with finite element (FE) simulations assistance was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic material and obtain Maxwell generalized model parameters, an analytical formulation was also performed. Additionally, the strains were measured during recovery of the material by digital image correlation (DIC). The HSCT proved to be feasible for measuring the long-term stress relaxation, demonstrating the advantages mentioned above. The FE simulations reproduced qualitatively the mechanical behavior of the material, as well as the analytical model developed. Measurement of strain recovery after HSCT via DIC is presented a way to enrich the characterization of the material.
Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris em diferentes concentrações de vinhaça e fontes de luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Andréa Cristina Moralez de
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1818385536348054
The effluent from the sugarcane (sugar and ethanol) industry known as vinasse presents high content of organic matter and nutrients that can be used in the cultivation of microalgae with the advantages of low cost and reuse of byproducts. This work proposes to investigate the best cultivation condition of Chlorella vulgaris (BEYERINCK, 1890) in agroecological vinasse treated and diluted in concentrations from 10% to 60%. It is noted that the vinasse carries microorganisms as bacteria and yeasts, and despite previous treatment of algal cultures, other microorganisms were always present. For algal growth, we initially tested different light sources (fluorescent, hot white LED and hot white with red LED). It was guaranteed the same light intensity (120μmols m 2s-1) for any of the vinasse concentrations. It was assessed the algal cell density, the pH and conductivity over 96 hours. The best result for growth of C. vulgaris was obtained in vinasse 20% in the presence of hot white and red LED with a growth rate (1.45 d-1), higher than the control (1.29 d-1). In a next step it was performed the microalgae cultivation in the best condition tested (20% vinasse) to evaluate the photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of biomass produced in addition to the physicochemical characterization of vinasse before and after cultivation. The results showed a reduction of the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll concentration during the experimental period, suggesting mixotrophic metabolism possibly due to the presence of organic carbon. We observed that the biomass production was 40% higher in the vinasse in culture as compared to the control. The production of proteins and fatty acids was also higher in the biomass held in vinasse than in the control. The cultivation of the organisms led to a significant reduction of nitrogen levels (98%) and potassium (70%) in organic vinasse. This research has shown that microalgae cultivation in vinasse reduced the nutrient content of the residue, this factor has high impact when discarded in the environment and produced a biomass with high protein content and the presence of fatty acids that confer high commercial value, it can be investigated for the production of animal feed. The academic experience related to this study was also contributor of formal education in high school from a public school.
Envolvimento dos trabalhadores em grupos de melhorias : estudos de caso sobre o seis sigma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Zanca, Camila Garcia
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Rachid, Alessandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
This study aims to understand how Six Sigma has been appropriated by companies, considering the involvement of blue collar workers in improvement teams, its composition and objectives prioritized by the method approaches in companies. Quality methods, especially those related to Japanese model, such as Total Quality Management, recommend the involvement of workers. Six Sigma, latest diffusion method, has particular regard to the organization of work, marked by studies that identify a more limited involvement than recommended by manuals Six Sigma and compared the quality methods used in the past. For its pioneering adoption of management practices, consisting of reference even for other sectors, the automotive sector was chosen to conduct the research, specifically the auto parts segment. In view of different uses of quality methods by companies, five case studies were conducted, as well as analysis of previous survey and information gathered in telephone interviews with six other companies. It was identified that the involvement of workers occurs mainly in quality control and suggestion programs, whose different formats can promote varying levels of involvement. Involvement with Six Sigma, in turn, is restricted to the collection of information for improvements. It is less likely workers were involved in the decision of the improvements to be developed and the full cycle of projects. The main reasons cited for not involve workers with Six Sigma were the complexity of statistical tools, the difficulties in giving training to workers and jobs cuts embedded in some improvements in the projects promoted. The company that promoted greater involvement has a consolidated experience in problem-solving teams, which joined the Six Sigma elements. This hybridization between methods was also observed in another participating company in relation to kaizen. A less significant involvement was observed in the company whose approach to Six Sigma is directed primarily to cost reduction. Since being acquired by a holding company, this company has restricted the participation of workers, signaling that the management of shareholders may be greatly influenced the organization of work, which is reinforced by the analysis of projects and implementation of Six Sigma in this company. The case studies contribute to the understanding of changes in work organization related to the spread of Six Sigma and the predominance of financial logic.
Estudo do pré-tratamento hidrotérmico e hidrólise enzimática da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Renata Beraldo Alencar de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409898535548523
The complex cell wall structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes pretreatment one of the most relevant 2G ethanol production process steps due to the difficulty of hydrolyzing lignocellulose to fermentable sugars and the cost of the process as a whole. The optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions is crucial for reaching high yields that make the process feasible. In this way, the aim of this work is to assess the stages of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction of straw sugarcane. All samples were chemically characterized before and after the pretreatment step. Hydrothermally pretreatment was evaluated in four conditions: 170ºC / 5 min, 170ºC / 15 min, 220°C / 5 min, 220°C / 5 min, and 195ºC / 10 min. Higher hemicellulose removal (85.58%) was found at 195ºC / 10 min. This operational condition was set as a reference. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks at 50ºC, 250 rpm and pH 4.8, with a reaction volume of 50 mL. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first, the effect of substrate concentration was evaluated varying solid load (5; 10; 15; 20% msolid/vsolution) with enzyme load constant in 13 FPU.gbiomass. At 72h of enzymatic reaction, cellulose conversions were: 72% (5% of solids), 84% (10% of solids), 72% (15% of solids), and 59% (20% solids). In the second set, the enzyme (Cellic®CTec2) load effect (3; 7; 10; 13; 16; 40 FPU/gbiomass) with solid load settled at 15% (msolid/vsolution), was assessed. For assays with 15% of solid load, cellulose conversions were: 48% (3 FPU/gbiomass), 58% (7 FPU/gbiomass), 66% (10 FPU/gbiomass), 72% (13 FPU/gbiomass), 71% (16 FPU/gbiomass), and 74% (40 FPU/gbiomass). A trade-off between solid load and enzyme dosage was found (15% m/v and 13 FPU/gbiomass) which results in 72,4% of cellulose to glucose conversion. After that it was studied the products inhibition effect on hydrolysis was assessed. glucose and cellobiose (10 and 30g.L-1) caused a higher inhibitory effect. Xylose did not show the significant inhibitory effect on β-glucosidase. However, glucose and cellobiose had significant inhibitory effects on endoglucanase and exoglucanase as well as on β-glucosidase. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted in the batch reactor (3 L) with 10% solids to compare the performance with the hydrolysis conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. At 72h hydrolysis cellulose to glucose, conversion was obtained in 84.8% (Erlenmeyer flask) and 80.2% (in the reactor); hydrolysis profiles obtained were similar in both conditions evaluated. In face of this, it was opted by conduct experiments in bioreactor (50 mL) using solid loads of 15 and 20% showed the best cellulose to glucose conversions when compared to those carried out in shake flasks in the same conditions.