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Reflexões sobre o Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05) Bastos, Daniela Botti Dias; Rabinovici, Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1288071223425898
This study has had as purpose analysing the Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis – PNES [Sustainable Schools National Programme] and its applications, germane to the criteria of the law n.º 9795, from 27th April, 1999, which ordain about Educação Ambiental - EA [Environmental Education]. Therefore, considerations have been conducted about the concepts of Sustainable School and the Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola – PDDE [Money Directly into the School Programme], as well as the relevance of the formation groups on the effectuation of discussions about Environmental Education. To develop this analysis, interviews were carried out with environmental educators and environmental education managers who have taken part on the formation and development of this programme, in which they were able to present their opinions about the affirmative actions of implementation and the predicaments addressed for its effectuation, having assessed the aspects that have weakened its national structure. Considering the idea of transforming the awareness of the environment starting from the schools , according to the concept of Sustainable Schools , the Programme presents itself as innovative , but not found is consolidated as a public politics for lack of institutional support , undermining its applicability , evaluation and continuity.
Contribuições da matemática financeira para o ensino médio: o uso de tributos em tarefas de sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05) Pinheiro, Cláudio Júlio César; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3314260201886761
The aim of this research is to verify the contributions of the tribute studies of Financial Mathematics contents for High School. The income tax implicates several areas of public and private interests. The tax collection is one of the mainly public funds resources, it’s necessary for the accomplishment of state functions. To discuss the taxes history with Financial Mathematics relating to the student routine was the center of attention in this Master’s Thesis in the financial education construction of the participating subjects of the research. The task was developed, by lessons, in a private school in Votorantim, in São Paulo’s countryside. The research-professor worked with the subject of Mathematics all along the Middle School and High School; the peculiarity that appointed a qualitative nature research. To the produce of our labor’s information, initially we did a diagnostic with our students and we determined their acknowledge about the abbreviations and conventional taxes’ purposes in our society. We aim to present in this labor the meaning of each abbreviation (taxes’ initials), tax collection and distribution tax. We elaborated and applied lessons divided in two steps: the research about taxes and questions about applicability of taxes with financial mathematics contents. The leading question of our research had the following elaboration: What contributions the study of taxes can generate in the learning of financial mathematics for High School students? The outcomes of our research showed that to insert the student in the historical taxes context, associating them with questions related to social context of our research subjects, contributes to the learning of the financial mathematics program contents, which are usually approached by the perspective of formulas application and algorithms, meaningless.
Possíveis relações entre formas de provimento do cargo e percepções de diretores escolares sobre o exercício de suas funções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05) Silveira, Caroline Rodrigues; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3763523593941626
The globalization process experienced in recent decades has been responsible for numerous social, political and cultural factors that have changed society and, consequently, how the education has to be conceived. Such changes have brought a market bias for practices related to school management, since increased to autonomy of the institutions as regards the financial aspects. Concurrently with this, it has become the rule, from the 1988 Federal Constitution and the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education 1996, a democratic bias of school management, from which communities and families should actively participate in decisions on school environment. Since then, many were the struggles for democratic management in fact happen in schools, marking thus the search for a quality education for all. However, in some municipalities it is not a rule, since the provision mode of public school management positions still occurs from political statements, in view of external interests to the school environment and their present needs. Thus, this study aims to analyze the perceptions of four public school principals of a town in the interior in order to understand their relationship with the position of the provision so that in this case, is given by political appointment. Through interviews with such directors could realize their ideas about education, school management, indiscipline and other pedagogical aspects are closely linked to the political aspects of his office, greatly changing the way the actions are developed in practice and how education it is designed and developed.
Análise da sensibilidade do investimento em relação ao fluxo de caixa: um estudo nas empresas da indústria brasileira listadas na BM&FBOVESPA entre os anos 2004 e 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-05) Machado, Kalleb de Souza Rangel; Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2711700602272074
Modigliani and Miller`s seminal article, published in 1958, gave great contribution to modern financial theory. The assumptions that guided this article stated that in a perfect capital market, the capital structure of the company did not interfere in its investment decision because the internal and external financing costs were perfect substitutes, as well as the fact that the company operates an investment opportunity if the rate of return on the investment is equal to or greater than the average cost of capital. Many authors, refuting the assumptions of Modigliani and Miller, and considering the existence of problems related to market imperfections and asymmetry information, now it has started to include variables in their models that capture these imperfections and demonstrated that some companies had restrictions on access to foreign credit market. Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988) are among the authors and have developed a model that aimed to demonstrate that the market imperfections could limit the gain of external funding for some companies. The results showed that there was investment sensitivity to cash flow, assuring the hypothesis of financial constraint in the companies analyzed. Due to this fact, the present research has as its goals to analyze the investment-cash flow sensitivities for Brazilian companies in the industries manufacture and extractive listed on the BM&FBOVESPA from 2004 and 2014 and the following two sub-periods of 2004 to 2008 and 2009 to 2014. To test the financial constraint hypothesis was used panel data, wherein data from the secondary system Economática were used. Thus, obtained results by the method of OLS, proved inconsistent, do not corroborate for all periods analyzed, the hypothesis defended by Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988)