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Recuperação de lipase BTL-2 de Bacillus thermocatenulatus produzida em Escherichia coli recombinante empregando suportes magnéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Lopes, Laiane Antunes
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Kopp, Willian
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3856554957880380
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
Magnetic supports have gained attention because the magnetic separation is easy, has low cost and high efficiency. Moreover, it allows the purification and immobilization of a biomolecules in single step. Lipases are hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters from glycerol and long chain fatty acids. Lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL-2) has interesting properties such as stability at high temperatures (50 °C), alkaline pH (9.0-11.0) and organic solvent (2-propanol, acetone and methanol). In view of the characteristics that makes BTL-2 a promising lipase for industrial application, concentration and purification is of great importance for implementation in industrial scale. In this context, this study aimed to purify and to immobilize BTL-2 lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus produced in recombinant Escherichia coli using magnetic silica microparticles (SMMps). Initially, it was determined the best condition for extraction of the enzyme, changing the pH, buffer and ionic strengh during the sonication. Sodium phosphate buffer 100 mM pH 8.0 has shown to be the best condition for the enzyme extraction. The adsorption of lipase on SMMP-octyl was compared with the adsorption performed using agarose-octyl and silica-octyl. The agarose-octyl support showed the best enzyme adsorption yield (RAE), 92.9%, and higher selectivity in the adsorption of the enzyme. The SMMP-octyl showed higher adsorption capacity per volume of support (189.45 UTBU/mL) than silica-octyl. In order to improve the SMMP adsorption performance, it was changed the octyl groups density on the support surface, by activating with theoretical percentages of 25%, 50% and 75% of octyl groups. SMMP-octyl 75%, after activation with 75% of octyl groups, showed to be the best condition, reaching adsorption with RAE of 92.87% (374.33 UTBU/mL), similar to the obtained using agarose-octyl. The commercial macroporous silica (IM S60P) was also used for comparison of activation procedures with different densities of octyl groups (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The results obtained showed higher activity and the adsorbed protein by support volume with SMMp than silica for all activation degrees. Dessorption tests, however, showed to be possible to dessorve all enzyme from the agarose-octyl, but not from SMMp and silica-octil. The presence of negative charges in silica particles, due to possible ionic interaction with the enzyme may be responsible for this result. The concentration of Triton X-100 0.4% was the best concentration to desorb the enzyme of SMMP-octyl 25%, 75% and 100% and concentration of 0.5% (w/v) was the best concentration for desorption in SMMP-octyl 50%. Adsorption tests in the presence of cellular debris were performed and presented similar behavior those ones observed for the centrifuged and dyalized enzyme solutions: the SMMP-octyl 75% showed higher RAE (71.25%) in the presence of cellular debris. Esterification reactions, using the adsorved enzyme on SMMp in different activation degrees as catalysts, showed that the derivative SMMP-octyl 75% allowed reaching 60.93% conversion in butyrate butyl after 24 hours of reaction. The BTL-2 adsorbed derived directly from cell debris in SMMP-octyl were used in recycles and showed satisfactory conversion in the first cycle, however it decreased in the following cycles.
Terra e política : etnografia da luta antibarragem de indígenas e agricultores contra Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas da bacia do rio Branco (RO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Furlan, Vinícius Teixeira
;
Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0571267277128155
The hydroelectric projects in Brazil are marked by an assumption of progress and national development that runs simultaneously with a territorial expansion of areas destinated to many economic activities such as agriculture, livestock and mineral extraction. In many biomes and watersheds we have recent clashes between the expansionist developmental logic with the environmental issues and the traditional peoples. In this context that Small Hydroelectric Power Plants (SHP) from the rio Branco basin (RO), which since 1993 continue multiplying along that river. Because these are smaller projects – dams that generates below than 30MW – they don‘t need a study of environmental impacts and so, the impacted people remain vulnerable to impacts that were not formally predicted. This thesis takes as it‘s starting point the process of bulding these hydroeletrics projects and their impacts on the region‘s population. It aims to describe about the process of clashes and struggle by the indigenous people and small farmers, as well their perspectives to the changes that occured from the construction of the dams. The research took place in diferentes etnographic places: i) reading the legal process in the Ministério Público Federal ii) with the indigenous people, in the Terra Indigena Rio Branco; and iii) with the farmers, most of them, linked to the Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA); and in so many other intersections in my path research.
Tempo de espera para a ocorrência de palavras em ensaios de Markov
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Florencio, Mariele Parteli
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Gava, Renato Jacob
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0494315910583969
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0161279835618234
Consider a sequence of independent coin flips where we denote the result of any landing for H, if coming up head, or T, otherwise. Create patterns with H's and T's, for example, HHHHH or HTHTH. How many times do we have to land the same coin until one such two patterns happens? For example, let the sequences being THTHHHHH and TTHTTHTHTH. The number of times that we landed the coin until HHHHH and HTHTH happens it was eight and ten times respectively. We can generalize this idea for a finite number of patterns in any nite set. Then, the rst of all interest of this dissertation is to nd the distribution of the waiting time until a member of a nite colection of patterns is observed in a sequence of Markov chains of letters in from finite set. More speci cally the letters in a nite set are generated by Markov chain until one of the patterns in any fi nite set happens. Besides that, we will find the probability of a pattern happen before of all patterns in the same nite set. Finally we will find the generator function of probability of waiting time.
Autismo : um acontecimento discursivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-06)
Telles, Cynara Maria Andrade
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7040619427859244
In this research, we intend to treat autism in a theoretical, clinical and, also, a discursive perspective. We understand it as a discursive event, considering the progresses since the construction of the disorder category assumed by Child Psychiatry M.D. in the 1940’s, an age when childhood mental disorder and other studies related to childhood, arisen and marked all the subsequent course of this theoretical universe. Our research’s object is the autism’s diagnosis, appointments and re-appointments in science, turning the designation process back to the subject with conductions that contrasts the social balance. Further, we first approach the subject, deliberated as abnormal, and the forms of specifying and positioning him. We will do this course, with the purpose of discussing what has been created until we reach the present historical moment: the nosographic name of autism. Therefore, we will turn back the path that science has followed until the current days, with its classificatory conceptions about autism, always prioritizing the path followed by the theoretical constructions and their effects inside medical, psychoanalytic and philosophical knowledge, as, also, autistic child´s itself. And yet, into the (un)knowledge non-experts person, according to legal supplies and their effects on subjects who experience this condition, whether autistics themselves, whether the people whom they live: parents, brethren, educators, professionals. This course aims to confirming autism as a discursive event, as an example, proposed by Foucault. Our intention with such retrieval, considering the positions occupied by this divergent subject, is to discuss the historical, social and political issues that shaped the scenarios and the places by him occupied.
Mining ontologies to extract implicit knowledge
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Navarro, Lucas Fonseca
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Appel, Ana Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6279577249131944
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289186954993246
With the exponentially growing of data available on the Web, several projects were created to automatically represent this information as knowledge bases(KBs). Knowledge bases used in most projects are represented in an ontology-based fashion, so the data can be better organized and easily accessible. It is common to map these KBs into a graph to apply graph mining algorithms to extract implicit knowledge from the KB, knowledge that sometimes is easy for human beings to infer but not so trivial to a machine. One common graph-based task is link prediction, which can be used not only to predict edges (new facts for the KB) that will appear in a near future, but also to nd misplaced edges (wrong facts present in the KB). In this project, we create algorithms that uses graph-mining (mostly link-prediction based) approaches to nd implicit knowledge from ontological knowledge bases. Despite of common graph-mining algorithms, we mine not just the facts on the KB, but also the ontology information (such as categories of instances and relations among them). The implicit knowledge that our algorithms will nd, is not just new facts for the KB, but also new relations and categories, extending the ontology as well.
Efeito da história experimental na sensibilidade às contingências em participantes flexíveis e inflexíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Zerbinatti, Ana Lídia Fonseca
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Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0164439915692531
This study aimed to investigate whether a previous history of learning by instructional control, in both the previous story of the subject or immediately following an experimental condition, could differentially affect the sensitivity to contingencies. Replicating previous studies, the authors sought to address a possible history of control by following rules, assessing the presence of flexibility or inflexibility indicator’s in their repertoire. Therefore, we evaluated 212 undergraduate students who responded to the Rigidity Scale of Rehfisch; 114 were implemented by virtual media and 98 during individual meeting. Of the 23 participants assessed who met inclusion’s criteria, 13 agreed to participate in the study, seven were recruited by personal application and six through online assessment. Eight participants were males and five females, aged 18-31; nine participants presented scores agreed as flexible and 4 others as inflexible. The experimental condition is the execution of tasks on a matching-to-sample schedule (MTS), arranged in two phases, through appropriate software. In Phase 1, the participants were divided into the training of two different instructional conditions: 1) instructions corresponding to the contingencies programmed; and 2) discrepant instructions. Considering the participants of the Group Flexible, 5 were exposed to instructional correspondence training and 4 the discrepancy; two inflexible participants were assigned to each instructional training conditions. Eleven of thirteen participants reach the learning criteria, required in Phase 1, during 69 or less trials; the two participants who did not meet the criteria were allocated in the Flexible Group (P167 and P184) and were submitted to the discrepant training. In Phase 2 was scheduled during a single experimental condition, similar to all participants, with the presentation of 80 trials, divided into 4 blocks of 20 each. The first and third blocks have been programmed accordingly to the instructions; the second and fourth block presented contingencies that were instructions’ discrepant. Six of the nine flexible participants presented a percentage of responses equal to or greater than 70% accuracy, in the first block of discrepant trials, during the Phase 2; two of the three participants presented lower percentage of correct answers, had a history of learning by discrepant instructions. Participants of the inflexible Group showed higher percentage of correct answers, when they had been subjected to a discrepancy during in training. It was addressed how these results either replicate or present differences from the literature in the area.
Notas discursivas sobre autoria na rede (WEB) : o funcionamento polifônico da autoria no sistema computacional NELL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Hruschka, Estevam Rafael
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6157887530785428
This research work aims at giving thought to the authorship concept when applied to a computational system – NELL (Never-Ending Language Learner) - that was designed to read the WEB in order to automatically build a consistent knowledge repository to be digitally stored. The internet is the primary input source for the system, and using a so called “neverending” reading process, the computer program is capable of accessing and fetching the whole internet content. Following the idea of exploring the relations and interactions among concepts, contexts and facts stated over the internet, the computer system will generate its own knowledge base, which will allow it to immediately answer questions on any domain. Considering the promising initial results obtained so far, studying and investigating theoretical approaches proposed by researchers from de authorship over de internet, having NELL as co-reference, is the main goal of the scientific research described in this document. This work is guided, basically, by the theoretical presupposition, as well as by the position and opinion of the following researchers: Michel Foucault, in its work: “O que é um Autor?”; Dominique Maingueneau: “Doze Conceitos em Análise do Discurso”, “Cenas da Enunciação” and “Discurso Literário”; Sírio Possenti: “Indícios de Autoria”; the Roger Chartier approach based on Michel Foucault work “O que é um Autor? Revisão de uma genealogia”; and Eni P. Orlandi: Interpretação; Autoria, leitura e efeitos do trabalho simbólico. Which are works that explore the target research topic. Based on the performed studies and analyses, our initial conclusions reveal that NELL’s authorship happens as in a polyphonic game of different voices.
Descrição e classificação das construções conversas do Português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07)
Calcia, Nathalia Perussi
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230905960655088
This dissertation proposes an analysis about the relation between pairs of constructions, both with support-verb and predicative name, such as João deu uma ajuda ao Pedro/Pedro recebeu uma ajuda do João. This relation is called Conversion (G.GROSS, 1989), a transformational property that inverts the arguments of the subject position and the phrase complement, without changing their semantic roles, restructures a sentence inverting sense from active to passive. Thus, by inverting the standard support-verb (dar, fazer ou ter – to give, to do or to have) for a converse support-verb (receber, levar or ter – to receive, to lead or to have), the conversion produces equivalent syntactic-semantically sentences. The analysis of this type of construction is done systematically, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and theoretical-methodological model of Lexicon-Grammar (M.GROSS 1975, 1981), adopting formal criteria of linguistic description. The proposed classification is based on the set of support-verbs that each predicative noun selects such in the standard position, as in converse position. This criterion proved to be the most appropriate at this moment, because the predicative nouns constitute a very heterogeneous group, by the syntactic-semantic point of view. The sentences that exemplify constructions converses are validated introspectively and through of a corpus, where it can identify its structure with better precision. In addition, their structural, distributional and transformational properties are formalized in a table of Lexicon-Grammar, that is, is a binary matrix in which each row corresponds to a lexical entry (the predicative noun) and each column corresponds to a formal property of the construction. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the linguistic description of Brazilian Portuguese, taking into account that this type of construction was studied only for the French (G.GROSS, 1989), European Portuguese (BAPTISTA, 1997) and more recently to the Romanian (CIOCANEA, 2011). The constructions description with support-verb and predicative noun, may collaborate in texts analysis, identifying information and the structure‘s form, then, consequently, enriching the description of the language. Besides, the results‘ representation in binary matrixes provides a formal description enough to be used in auto applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Desenvolvimento de um ensaio mecânico não convencional para a análise da relaxação de tensões do politetrafluoretileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Melo, Caiuã Caldeira de
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
;
Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123
The mechanical behavior of materials usually depends on room temperature and loading rate. The identification of the time-dependent mechanical behavior is a great difficulty for the industry in the application of new materials such as polymers, mainly for long-term behavior. In this context, several experimental apparatus for measuring mechanical properties of long-term behavior have been developed. Generally, these devices are expensive and its use is unique to a specimen tested at one time. This study is a development of a new technique and methods for the characterization of time-dependent mechanical behavior in longterm tests. The hole-shaft coupling test (HSCT) was developed to the low cost of implementation and, especially, not a continued occupation of a testing machine for long periods, allowing the performance of more than one test at the same time. The HSCT results revealed the stress relaxation effects on polytetrafluoroethylene over several days. An optimization with finite element (FE) simulations assistance was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic material and obtain Maxwell generalized model parameters, an analytical formulation was also performed. Additionally, the strains were measured during recovery of the material by digital image correlation (DIC). The HSCT proved to be feasible for measuring the long-term stress relaxation, demonstrating the advantages mentioned above. The FE simulations reproduced qualitatively the mechanical behavior of the material, as well as the analytical model developed. Measurement of strain recovery after HSCT via DIC is presented a way to enrich the characterization of the material.
Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris em diferentes concentrações de vinhaça e fontes de luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Andréa Cristina Moralez de
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1818385536348054
The effluent from the sugarcane (sugar and ethanol) industry known as vinasse presents high content of organic matter and nutrients that can be used in the cultivation of microalgae with the advantages of low cost and reuse of byproducts. This work proposes to investigate the best cultivation condition of Chlorella vulgaris (BEYERINCK, 1890) in agroecological vinasse treated and diluted in concentrations from 10% to 60%. It is noted that the vinasse carries microorganisms as bacteria and yeasts, and despite previous treatment of algal cultures, other microorganisms were always present. For algal growth, we initially tested different light sources (fluorescent, hot white LED and hot white with red LED). It was guaranteed the same light intensity (120μmols m 2s-1) for any of the vinasse concentrations. It was assessed the algal cell density, the pH and conductivity over 96 hours. The best result for growth of C. vulgaris was obtained in vinasse 20% in the presence of hot white and red LED with a growth rate (1.45 d-1), higher than the control (1.29 d-1). In a next step it was performed the microalgae cultivation in the best condition tested (20% vinasse) to evaluate the photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of biomass produced in addition to the physicochemical characterization of vinasse before and after cultivation. The results showed a reduction of the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll concentration during the experimental period, suggesting mixotrophic metabolism possibly due to the presence of organic carbon. We observed that the biomass production was 40% higher in the vinasse in culture as compared to the control. The production of proteins and fatty acids was also higher in the biomass held in vinasse than in the control. The cultivation of the organisms led to a significant reduction of nitrogen levels (98%) and potassium (70%) in organic vinasse. This research has shown that microalgae cultivation in vinasse reduced the nutrient content of the residue, this factor has high impact when discarded in the environment and produced a biomass with high protein content and the presence of fatty acids that confer high commercial value, it can be investigated for the production of animal feed. The academic experience related to this study was also contributor of formal education in high school from a public school.
Envolvimento dos trabalhadores em grupos de melhorias : estudos de caso sobre o seis sigma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Zanca, Camila Garcia
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Rachid, Alessandra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
;
Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
This study aims to understand how Six Sigma has been appropriated by companies, considering the involvement of blue collar workers in improvement teams, its composition and objectives prioritized by the method approaches in companies. Quality methods, especially those related to Japanese model, such as Total Quality Management, recommend the involvement of workers. Six Sigma, latest diffusion method, has particular regard to the organization of work, marked by studies that identify a more limited involvement than recommended by manuals Six Sigma and compared the quality methods used in the past. For its pioneering adoption of management practices, consisting of reference even for other sectors, the automotive sector was chosen to conduct the research, specifically the auto parts segment. In view of different uses of quality methods by companies, five case studies were conducted, as well as analysis of previous survey and information gathered in telephone interviews with six other companies. It was identified that the involvement of workers occurs mainly in quality control and suggestion programs, whose different formats can promote varying levels of involvement. Involvement with Six Sigma, in turn, is restricted to the collection of information for improvements. It is less likely workers were involved in the decision of the improvements to be developed and the full cycle of projects. The main reasons cited for not involve workers with Six Sigma were the complexity of statistical tools, the difficulties in giving training to workers and jobs cuts embedded in some improvements in the projects promoted. The company that promoted greater involvement has a consolidated experience in problem-solving teams, which joined the Six Sigma elements. This hybridization between methods was also observed in another participating company in relation to kaizen. A less significant involvement was observed in the company whose approach to Six Sigma is directed primarily to cost reduction. Since being acquired by a holding company, this company has restricted the participation of workers, signaling that the management of shareholders may be greatly influenced the organization of work, which is reinforced by the analysis of projects and implementation of Six Sigma in this company. The case studies contribute to the understanding of changes in work organization related to the spread of Six Sigma and the predominance of financial logic.
Estudo do pré-tratamento hidrotérmico e hidrólise enzimática da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Renata Beraldo Alencar de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409898535548523
The complex cell wall structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes pretreatment one of the most relevant 2G ethanol production process steps due to the difficulty of hydrolyzing lignocellulose to fermentable sugars and the cost of the process as a whole. The optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions is crucial for reaching high yields that make the process feasible. In this way, the aim of this work is to assess the stages of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction of straw sugarcane. All samples were chemically characterized before and after the pretreatment step. Hydrothermally pretreatment was evaluated in four conditions: 170ºC / 5 min, 170ºC / 15 min, 220°C / 5 min, 220°C / 5 min, and 195ºC / 10 min. Higher hemicellulose removal (85.58%) was found at 195ºC / 10 min. This operational condition was set as a reference. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks at 50ºC, 250 rpm and pH 4.8, with a reaction volume of 50 mL. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first, the effect of substrate concentration was evaluated varying solid load (5; 10; 15; 20% msolid/vsolution) with enzyme load constant in 13 FPU.gbiomass. At 72h of enzymatic reaction, cellulose conversions were: 72% (5% of solids), 84% (10% of solids), 72% (15% of solids), and 59% (20% solids). In the second set, the enzyme (Cellic®CTec2) load effect (3; 7; 10; 13; 16; 40 FPU/gbiomass) with solid load settled at 15% (msolid/vsolution), was assessed. For assays with 15% of solid load, cellulose conversions were: 48% (3 FPU/gbiomass), 58% (7 FPU/gbiomass), 66% (10 FPU/gbiomass), 72% (13 FPU/gbiomass), 71% (16 FPU/gbiomass), and 74% (40 FPU/gbiomass). A trade-off between solid load and enzyme dosage was found (15% m/v and 13 FPU/gbiomass) which results in 72,4% of cellulose to glucose conversion. After that it was studied the products inhibition effect on hydrolysis was assessed. glucose and cellobiose (10 and 30g.L-1) caused a higher inhibitory effect. Xylose did not show the significant inhibitory effect on β-glucosidase. However, glucose and cellobiose had significant inhibitory effects on endoglucanase and exoglucanase as well as on β-glucosidase. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted in the batch reactor (3 L) with 10% solids to compare the performance with the hydrolysis conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. At 72h hydrolysis cellulose to glucose, conversion was obtained in 84.8% (Erlenmeyer flask) and 80.2% (in the reactor); hydrolysis profiles obtained were similar in both conditions evaluated. In face of this, it was opted by conduct experiments in bioreactor (50 mL) using solid loads of 15 and 20% showed the best cellulose to glucose conversions when compared to those carried out in shake flasks in the same conditions.
Secagem de materiais têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Caneda, Chaiane Messa
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5288147854256960
The fabrics are derived from fibers, which are divided into to main groups: natural (like cotton) and chemical (such as rayon and polyester). In the processing of the fabric, drying is a major operation, contributing to the finishing and obtaining a fabric with greater brightness and also better touch. However, each tissue has a different structure and different composition which can influence its absorption capacity and retention of water. The aim of this study is to analyze the drying of 3 types of fabrics (polyester, toweling and jeans), and evaluate how the material characteristics and operating conditions influence the process. Experimental tests were conducted in oven with natural convection, with natural convection, at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C and also in a tunnel dryer with forced convection under the conditions of 1.0 and 2.0 m / s at the temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C. Besides that, the adjustments of generalized curves of drying were evaluated, there are empirical equations of kinetics. In the evaluation of water absorption in saturated atmosphere at 40 to 60 ° C, it was observed that the polyester is the fabric that absorbs less water while the jeans had greater absorption capacity. It was also found that absorption increases with increasing temperature for all three fabrics. By analyzing the influence of operating conditions on the drying fabrics, the air speed was the variable that most influenced the moisture reduction, indicating that surface resistance was the limiting mechanism in drying. Page model (1949), was the most appropriate to represent the generalized kinetic curves for the fabrics evaluated.The comparative analysis of the fabrics showed that, although significant differences in the type of fiber and fabric structure, these characteristics do not influence the drying of the material, indicating that the drying of materials with high surface area, the process is controlled by the conditions flow.
Relações humanas com a água : percepção ambiental, saberes tradicionais, simbolismos culturais e contribuições para a gestão e conservação da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Dictoro, Vinicius Perez
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9469471717661914
For many centuries, mankind has considered fresh water as inextinguishable feature, without evaluating the environmental consequences related to quantity and quality. The current form of appropriation of water to meet the high demand of the various uses of water resources by the company has configured intense transformations in human relations with the water. In the old days, companies had other complementary visions to the direction of the water deities, bows and very natural available both for human existence and other species, as to the balance and maintenance of ecosystems. Therefore, human relations with the water permeate this relationship of utilitarian sense, only for economic purposes and survival, and configure other relationships as: religious, cultural, symbolic and emotional. In this way, the overall objective of the research was to identify and analyze different human relationships with water, seeking to understand the varied forms of recovery of water, and also to analyze the current model of water management through National Water Resources Policy instruments, for the purpose of providing subsidies that may assist in the consideration of human relationships with water in its management and conservation. This was followed by work based on qualitative research and case study was developed in two distinct audiences, residents of Pirapora-MG, situated on the banks of the São Francisco River, and members of river basin committees. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Symbolic, cultural relations were identified, mystical and local knowledge, affective of individuals with the water. These aspects should be transmitted in new forms of awareness for the management and conservation of water. It is necessary to step up the way of acting on awareness, promote new programs and new actions with the purpose of expanding the vision centered on Man and on their anthropogenic activities, enabling a rescue of cultural symbolism of the water and the various relationships and appreciation that it has with society.
Influência do tamanho médio de grão nas propriedades ferroicas de compósitos magnetoelétricos particulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Viana, Diego Seiti Fukano
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3547492755324499
In the case of composites materials, which presents the magnetoelectric coupling, there are so many questions about the influence of the microstructure on the coupled and uncoupled properties. Thereby, this work proposes the study of the grain size influence, of ferroelectric and magnetic phases, on the magnetic, electric and coupled properties in particulate magnetoelectric composites. In order to study the relationship property/microstructure in volumetric magnetoelectric composites, it was necessary to prepare samples with different average grain sizes, ie, the phases having average grain size in the order of micrometers or nanometers. To perform this study it was used as magnetic phase the CoFe2O4 and, as the ferroelectric phase, the [0,675] Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 – [0,325] PbTiO3, mixed in molar ratio 20/80 %, using techniques like micro ball milling (to reduce particle size) and high energy ball milling (to mixture the phases) during the powder syntheses, and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to densify the bulk. Due the presence of secondary phases in sintered composites generated during the application of SPS, a processing protocol was created based on a post sintering thermal treatment, in PbO rich atmosphere, which allowed the reduction of secondary phases without, however, changing the average size of grain. These procedures resulted in composite material suitable for the investigations of the electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties, considering the different microstructures obtained. The magnetoelectric composites showed the self-biased effect arising from the intrinsic strain generated in one phase over the other. It was observed the properties dependence, coupled or uncoupled, with average grain size of both phases. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric composites presented the selfbiased effect that appears due to intrinsic strain generated from one phase over the other. Moreover, the evolution of the magnetoelectric coefficient behavior as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field has been more dependent on the variation of the average grain size of the ferroelectric phase than the ferrimagnetic phase, which can be attributed to the largest amount of ferroelectric phase in the structure compound.
O Colégio Universitário (COLUNI) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (1965-1981) : formar para a universidade e garantir a qualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Hollerbach, Joana D’arc Germano
;
Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5888935341011338
This thesis is a result of a study with the objective to analyze the founding and consolidation process of the University College of the Federal University of Viçosa (COLUNI), in the period between 1965 and 1981. The time frame refers to the period from its founding year until the last year that it offered just the third year of high school. We looked to understand how COLUNI integrated itself into the Brazilian education context in the 1960's and 1970's and its relationship with the structural duality of high school in Brazil. We built on the hypothesis that COLUNI, under the argument of preserving the excellence of the university in comparison to the low quality of regular public education, characterized itself as a point of resistance as much as with the school model and pedagogical vigor of the time as with the reforms implanted by the military regime in the national education system by Law 5692/71, that proposed a professional formation at the middle level of education. The methodological option of historical study, starting with the approach by the dialectic method, is justified by looking to investigate the tension relationships between society and the school institution studied here. The search for understanding of the present contradictions in the relations of production led us to believe that the chosen method would be adequate for the analysis in order to understand the history of COLUNI. The methodological procedures are based on historical study. Therefore, the fieldwork consists of data collection from documents - reports, correspondence, class plans, course syllabi - and interviews. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with former students, former tutors as well as former employees (both teaching staff and secretaries). We arrived to the thesis that the consolidation process of COLUNI was possible in reason by an alignment of the UFV objectives - to form youth prepared to enter the undergraduate course - and the expectations of the military government of technical course training directed toward the Brazilian economy.
Risco osteomioarticular relacionado ao trabalho doméstico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Domingos, Patricia
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
The Musculoskeletal Diseases (WMSDs) related in this work have been discussed for years in Brazil, but, still cause major problems throughout life of many workers. According to the literature, the housekeepers have no access to adequate security measures within your work environment and there is a lack of supervision and control of this condition. Furthermore, occupational diseases related to domestic work remain neglected. Aiming to identify risk factors for develop musculoskeletal disorders related to domestic work, it was observed the daily work of a housekeeper during a whole working day. The most common were formed by poor posture, many movements with flexion of the spine, prolonged standing positions, poor organization of work and lack of adequate guidance to the employee about these issues. Therefore, it is important the creation of preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders related to domestic work. In this paper, the researcher highlighted the importance of preventive physiotherapy in improving working conditions in such activities.
A formação do farmacêutico e as diretrizes curriculares nacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Reis, Samuel Roosevelt Campos dos
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Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5796173388970038
The objective of present study was analyze how much the pharmaceutical education got close or distant of the competences and capacities required for the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) published in 2002 for the pharmacy courses. Participated this study four public university of São Paulo state. This study started from Documental Analyze of Political Pedagogical Projects (PPP), followed of Content Analyze (AC) of interview realized with pharmacy course directors. Through construction and application of a evaluative matrix was observed the curricular approximation and restructuration that way to keep generalist characteristic formation, this fact got highlight in some IES, for long 30 years or more dedicated at modalities formations pertinent the professional activities on drugs industry, clinical and toxicology’s tests, and foods. Furthermore, the curricular structure maintained separated among basic cycle and professional cycle, was justified for the stronger presence of traditional teaching- learning methodology and evaluation, reflected difficulties in the curricular integration, in addition to social integration not satisfactory, resulting some detachment of DCN. The renovation lack of pedagogics practices represented one fragility on curricular integration, like the humanist formation backed to Public Health System (SUS) approximation. However, the curricular restructuration showed be a constant discussion in enrolled IES, demonstrated some disquietude started from DCN e opened the way of the change and transformation way on pharmaceutical teaching.
Transferência de alunos com deficiência intelectual das escolas especiais às escolas comuns sob diferentes perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Maturana, Ana Paula Pacheco Moraes
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3418994897890911
In the Brazilian educational contexto, the legislation guarantees the right to education of students target of Special Education (STSE) in common classes of regular schools. The enrollment of these students in public schools have grown year by year and this has imposed challenges for schools and teachers. In the case of students with ID, representing the largest contingent of STSE students, the previous tradition to the school inclusion policy, which was schooling in specialized institution, now divides the scene with the proposed new school in regular school. It is that educational policy has increasingly tried to make compulsory registration of all students of STSE in regular schools, although in the case of students with ID, this measure has bogged down in historical tradition placement in specialized institution. The result has been the increase in the flow of transfer students from specialized institutions for common schools, and vice versa, when the inclusion process is not successful. This study is proposed to investigate these processes of transfer of students from specialized institutions to mainstream schools and vice versa, considering the different perspectives of all those involved in the student with ID enrollment process. The general objectives of this study were to identify, describe and analyze possible factors that interfere with the transfer of students from special school to the regular or vice versa, in the conceptions of different actors. This is a descriptive research with a multiple case design. The study design involved the study of cases of students with ID were transferred from special schools to regular schools and vice versa. Five cases were analyzed: Saulo, Flavia, Fabio, Sofia and Fabiola. The research included 21 participants: five students, six family members and / or guardians and ten school personnel, including teachers, pedagogical coordinator, directors and teaching supervisor. Family members and school professionals answered a semi-structured interview. With students was applied the instrument procedure D-E. Analysis of the interviews identified: (1) the difficulty of adapting to the transition between schools, due to the lack of school supports, a previous preparation with students, parents and teachers and the late referral of students; (2) difficulties in the familyschool relationship eventually bring obstacles to the transfer and education of students; (3) expectations regarding the behavior and student learning with ID revealing an overvaluation of cognitive skills and (4) the assumptions of the participants on inclusion and its influence on practice with the student with ID. Regarding the participation of students, the established lines of analysis were aspects assigned by students of the special school and aspects assigned by students to the regular school. Students assigned to the special school the role of host and care and to the common school a place of learning and knowledge. The results confirm the authors presented in the literature review on the implementation of special education in inclusive environments, signaling that the views of teachers, managers and family against the inclusion will depend on the severity of the student's disability, skills and attitudes of professionals and It can only be seen by comparison of all the actors who are part of the process. The analysis of the results shows that the study achieved its goals and brought practical implications, political and scientific related to education of students with ID.
Estudo das propriedades dinâmico mecânicas e de biodegradação de acetatos de celulose com diferentes graus de substituição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Freitas, Roberta Ranielle Matos de
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4952749113890055
Currently, seek to technologies for new materials that minimize environmental problems, it leads researchers to develop polymers from renewable and biodegradab le sources, such as cellulose and its derivatives.The cellulose acetate is produced by replacing the hydroxyl groups present in the cellobiose by acetilas groups, one of the first man - made polymers.It is mainly used in membranes, films, fibers, filters, as component in adhesives and pharmaceuticals. In the present work , was studied deacetylationversus time of a commercial cellulose acetate , starting with 2.5 DS , by alkaline hydrolysis,was studied the kinetics of the reaction and determining the degree of sub stitution (DS) by Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellulose Acetate ASTM D 871 - 96.For comparison, the deacetylation was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous media.FTIR was used to characterize the typical functional groups in the samples. Samples of deacetylated CA with GS 1.8, 2.0, 2.2 together with the cellulose and the CA 2.5 were thermally characterized by the DSC technique , whereby it was obtained water desorption temperature, melting and Tg of the material.By DRX technique it was possible to assess morphological characteristics of the CA with different DS , as the crystallinity index ( Ic ) . The CA deacetylated (DS = 2,3) and the commercial CA (DS = 2.5) were analyzed in the DMA, which was determined storage modulus , loss modulus and glass transit ion temperature ( Tg ) of the material s. It was not ed that the Tg of the sample DS =2.3 is higher than DS =2.5 being more crystalline ; and this leads to increased rigidity, restricting the mobility of chains . Biodegradability of CA was analyzed, with DS 2,5 , in simulated soil with soil, manure, sand and demineralized water in times of 0 days and 6 months.To characterize the CA biodegraded was used DMA technique to test the tensile modulus and mechanical - dynamic thermal. By DMA analysis it was concluded that, as the AC is biodegraded, its mechanical properties are changed, like the storage module with increased biodegradation and loss modulus which decreased. The DSC analysis, XRD and FTIR were also performed to characterize the CA degradation , withDS 2,5 , and this ag ree with the DNA results . Through analyzes it can be concluded that the CA chains were degraded, but the mass loss was not significant.The CA,with GS2,3 , was biodegradation for 3 months and compared with the CA biodegradability , with GS 2.5 , by DMA technique .