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Modelo de referência para o desenvolvimento de produtos mecânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-30)
Vieira, Antonio Ventriglia
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Borrás, Miguel Ángel Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0247842684077591
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Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317
This work, an action research, was conducted in a multinational Germany company, manufacturer of industrial gearboxes, and aimed to compare the differences between the product development process model (PDP) above and the PDP model proposed in this research, from the design of a series consisting of thirteen sizes of modular planetary gearboxes. This research is justified from the need for constant deployment tools that help to minimize costs and maximize productivity results in organizations, using as an example, the modular planetary gearbox due to its high and demand and market potential. Among the benefits found on the basis of the adopted model exchange are setting up the project teams (creation of cross-functional team), parallelism of activities (project developed and validated by a team), a better way to integrate the project's clients (meetings brainstorming and feedback) as well as the possibility to use in support of product development tools (DFMA - Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, DFM – Design for Manufacturability, among others). In addition, the practice of the new model was possible to give emphasis to consumer preferences, always considering the quality, cost and development time to market The main result, we obtained the implementation of an integrated PDP model and simultaneously with development time gain and manufacturing (70% reduction in rework elaborate designs to manufacturing and 50% of new projects development time), reducing equipment costs by 7.5% compared to the equipment developed sequentially. Through this implementation, it was still possible to draw up a catalog of modular planetary gearboxes, translated into 5 languages and distributed in more than 13 countries in Europe, Asia and America. The catalog also provided to the sellers a faster response to customers and the release of the product worldwide.
Políticas públicas e juventudes : a participação juvenil para o acesso ao fundo público no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-30)
Reis, Denise Maria
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1224343794340576
In this study, we discuss the ways are taken by organizations and youth movements, among those who have been recognized institutionally, in construction of the access to public funds for the sake of youth policies realization, in a historical context of programs and actions targeted for youth. It also discusses the changes of political actors of the National Youth Council (Conjuve) around the public fund, its contradictions and tensions. The starting point was the Conjuve, with the focus on the participation of three elected collective for the composition of the management 2012-2013 – Studies Center and Youth Memory (CEMJ), National Black Youth Forum (FONAJUNE), Brazilian Union of Secondary Students (UBES) – and two collective of the management 2014-2015 – National Organization of Blind Brazil (ONCB) and Marist Union of Brazil (UMBRASIL) –, besides having been heard other political actors of the Council. Data were collected through interviews, participation and observation of activities and events, examination of documents, and treated by content analysis in a comprehensive and critical perspective. The results indicated that the defense of access to public funds is in the discursive level of political actors and that there are inaccuracies about the Conjuve functions and even the absence of procedural powers to carry out effective proposals, including budgetary matters. There is coexistence, in the reality of Brazilian youth, of demands for redistribution of income and demands for recognition of their identity and existence, as well as the strong presence of political parties and the student movement in the leadership of political actions and debates, although the speech is directed to the participation of several youths. The accomplishment of institutional political reform it’s important and the revitalization of democratic political culture is required as a possibility to make the existence of the speech for access to public funds and youth policies in Brazil.
Modelo fuzzy cascata multiatributos e preditivo para despacho de AGVs em FMS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-02)
Caridá, Vinicius Fernandes
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Morandin Júnior, Orides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0843328163052788
In recent years, manufacturers are increasingly applying automation techniques with the aim of increase their efficiency to remain competitive. The material handling is an essential activity in any process of production and its effectiveness has severe impacts on production costs. Systems of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have become an important strategic tool for factories and automated warehouses. In a very competitive business scenario, they can increase productivity and reduce costs. The management of these AGVs is the key to a transport system that ensures the improvements envisioned by the industry. One of the main problems encountered in the management of AGVs is the dispatch decision. This paper proposes a vehicles dispatch model based on a fuzzy cascade system for consideration of multiple attributes of the factory and a structure based on state space that enables the extraction of information of future states of the industrial production system. The objective is to reduce makespan and tardiness values of the production system. Two factory scenarios are simulated and tests are performed of the model and five other methods of dispatch. A statistical validation is realized of the results in which corroborates with 97% confidence the hypotheses of the work.
Métodos para caracterização de meios filtrantes contendo nanofibras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-02)
Salussoglia, Ana Isabela Pianowski
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Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
It is necessary knowing the characteristics of the filter media and how they influence the filtration process to improve the filter media. With this, the aim of this study was to characterize the filter media containing nanofibers. The characterization of the filter was made by testing in experimental unit and through images generated by scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), which were treated with the softwares Gimp 2 and Image-Pro Plus 7.0 and electronic spreadsheet. In the experimental unit were conducted efficiency and permeability tests of the filter media with filtration area of 5.3 cm2. The efficiency was determined by the Particle Analyzer for Electric Mobility with face velocity of 4.7 cm/s. The particles were generated from a NaCl solution of 5 g/l. It was obtained the efficiency 74% considering the whole range of particle diameter. The permeability was obtained by Darcy equation it was possible to find the permeability of 2.5 10-08 cm2. The quality factor was calculated with efficiency and pressure drop and was 22.0 kPa-1. The SEM images were analyzed by two microscopes. The images generated by SEM - Magellan were greater number of pixels than images generated by SEM – FEG, because of this the images generated by SEM - Magellan were more accurate. The diameter of the nanofibers was evaluated by two methods. The automated method was more agile than the manual. Furthermore, it was made the evaluation of distribution models for the histograms of fiber diameters in the lognormal model was the best fit.
Evolução molecular da família gênica dos receptores de odores e proteínas ligantes a feromônios e genética de populações de genes quimiossensoriais em espécies de Anastrepha do grupo fraterculus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-02)
Rojas Gallardo, Diana Marcela
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2648685839289550
This dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we provide a concise literature review that discusses key theoretical concepts, the rationale, and main objectives outlined for this study. The second chapter investigates the molecular evolution of the gene family of odor receptors (ORs) identified in the transcriptomes of two species of fruit flies of great economic importance: Anastrepha fraterculus and A. obliqua. The results showed a high percentage of average identities between ORs from these species, as well as recent gene expansions with signs of positive selection. A comparison of rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions among Anastrepha species detected evidence of positive selection in the gene Or7c, which is associated to an important potential role in aggregation behavior and host choice for oviposition in D. melanogaster. The third chapter investigates patterns of molecular evolution in pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), also identified in A. fraterculus and A. obliqua, as well as studied pattern of polymorphisms, divergence and populational structure of four chemosensory genes amplified in four species of tephritid flies of fraterculus group: A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. sororcula and A. turpiniae. This study contrasted previously identified genes with evidence of positive and purifying selection in order to investigate whether they are contributing to the differentiation among some of the species of this group. We found no evidence of positive selection in PBPs studied in a more global comparison, although we found positive selection signals in some of the genes and studied strains. Population analysis of chemosensory genes in different species of Anastrepha detected high levels of intraspecific nucleotide and haplotype diversity. Divergence tests showed that A. obliqua is the most different species of the ones here investigated, having, in general, high levels of nucleotide substitutions, non-synonymous divergence, as well as fixed species specific differences, whereas we failed to find similar differences amongst the other species here studied. The genes Obp28a, Or7c and Or7d were differentiated in A. obliqua, indicating a potential role in the differentiation of other species in the group, or in this species’ diversification and adaptation.
Avaliação cardiorrespiratória no repouso e no exercício em mulheres com incontinência urinária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04)
Jurgensen, Soraia Pilon
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Borghi-Silva, Audrey
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
INTRODUCTION: Urination is mainly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), responsible for continence mechanism, and parasympathetic (PNS). The evaluation of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) by heart rate variability (HRV) may be inferred autonomic imbalance related to urination. OBJECTIVE: to compare the CAM in response to postural changes in women with and without urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: participants were placed into two groups: with UI (UIG) (n=30; 53±9 years) and control group (CG) (n=22, 53±12 years). There were no included women with cardiovascular disease, with urogynecological surgeries, smokers, diabetics, alcoholics, drug users affecting the responses of variables. It was carried out: anamnesis (including questionnaire that quantifies the degree of urinary loss), functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, evaluation of HRV during postural change, provided with a full bladder (FB) and an empty bladder (EB). HRV was analyzed by linear and nonlinear techniques. Was performed student t test for comparison between groups was applied to two-way ANOVA for comparison between the situations (FB and EB) and positions (supine and standing), and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: there was no significant difference between groups for demographic, anthropometric and functional evaluation of the pelvic floor data. Supine and EB, the UIG showed lower sympathetic modulation and overall HRV compared to CG (%0V:12±8 and 17±8, and SD2:33±13 and 44±17, respectively UIG and CG). There was a significant correlation between the degree of UI with the representative indices of SNS and PNS in this condition (%0V: r=-0.38; p=0.037% and 2UV:r=0.32; p=0.048). Comparing the situations during the supine, both groups had lower overall HRV (SD1:FB=15±5, EB=16±5; FB=15±5, EB=17±5, respectively UIG and CG) and UIG greater imbalance autonomic (%1V:FB=49±7, EB=46±5), with FB. CONCLUSION: UIG presented change in the CAM in relation to CG; and the representative indices of SNS and PNS correlated with the severity of UI, suggesting greater autonomic impairment.
Estudo da população de Coragyps atratus (Bechstein, 1793) (Cathartiformes, Cathartidae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04)
Leal, Bárbara Ferreira Cirillo
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Cruz, João Batista da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6711198385217623
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6715165680508547
Coragyps atratus is a New World vulture species from the Order Cathartiformes. This species benefits from human activities, especially the improper disposal of organic waste, which increases food supply. The proximity of C. atratus with urban areas can lead to various problems, such as the risk of collision between these birds and aircrafts because of their mass and flight pattern, causing millionaire losses as well as serious consequences to society. This study aims to understand and analyze ecological and biological aspects of the population of C. atratus on Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI) in order to generate data that supports decision making regarding the management of this species within the park. Searches for identification and mapping of rest areas, feeding grounds and nesting were held on PEFI. To monitor the concentration of animals in the park and understand which climate variables influence it, these animals counts were performed on three different times of the day (morning, noon and evening) over five months. Statistical analysis of these data led to the conclusion that the period of data collection and humidity are variables that significantly influence the amount of animals sighted in the study area. The concentration of C. atratus on PEFI is highest during the afternoon, when the temperature is higher and the percentage of moisture in the air is lower.
Aptidão de espécies florestais para a restauração ecológica em áreas de Floresta Estacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04)
Santos, Ivonir Piotrowski
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Silva, José Mauro Santana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720975384843775
The classification of species by functional traits facilitates their selection for the restoration of ecological processes and their development in field conditions. In order to identify species with silvicultural suitability (survival and growth) in Deciduous Forest region in 2011, we performed an experiment in Sorocaba, SP, with high plant density (3 individuals / m²), diversity (142 species) and ecological functions ( biomass input , attractive to wildlife, fertilizing and soil cover). After 15 to 45 months we evaluated plant growth (heigh t - H, the height; diameter in soil level - DAC and survival - S) in 120 plots of 12.5 m². The species were classified as unsuitable (> 75% mortality at 15 months), sensitive to competition (> 75% mortality at 45 months), facilitative (> 50% mortality at 45 months) and stru ctur al (<50% mortality at 45 months). Based on the annual survival and periodic increment, grades were assigned to the structural species (high, medium, low and regular suitability ). From 77 selected species and 3945 individuals, only Calophyllum brasiliense (Cambess) was classified as unsuitable . From the remaining species, 8 (10.4%) were sensitive to competition and 10 (13.0%) were considered facilitative and the remainder were structur al . Among the sensitive species planted we observed ones with high frequency in restoration plantation , which may cause the occurrence of gaps over time favoring invasive reinfestation. It is recommended to avoid high density of sensitive species in larger spacing as well as increase the number of structural species in the initial formation of the planting
Dinâmica, otimização e controle de processos de fermentação em estado sólido : desenvolvimento de metodologias em escala laboratorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04)
Fonseca, Rafael Frederico
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Kwong, Wu Hong
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034426284174731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2586664275994045
Solid-state fermentation is characterized by the growth of microorganisms in absence of free water. In one hand, it is advantageous because simulates their natural environment, enabling the use of agro industrial residues in natura. On the other hand, it limits heat transfer between elements, restricting control over the temperature of the medium. In fact, the microbial growth and the product formation dynamics are directly affected by the environmental conditions and variations can be harmful to the process productivity. As a consequence, the temperature increase caused by metabolic heat needs to be avoided. Studies concerning the microbial dynamics dealing with these variations are scarce. Moreover, it was not found any control laws, with guarantee of stability, which was designed for a reference tracking and to minimize the disturbances effects. Thus, two fronts need to be addressed for the solid-state fermentation viability: the development of a mathematical model able to estimate the effects of environmental changes in the process; and a temperature control system able to handle the heat from microbial metabolism. The model was used in a computational algorithm in order to determine if there was a temperature profile that would be more favorable to the products formation. In this work two control laws were studied, a proportional integrative, because it is the most widespread in the industry, and a model base predictive controller, because of its multivariable control versatility. Both control laws were simulated and then implemented in an eleven liters agitated drum bioreactor. Some of the various methods for PI controller parameters settings had their performance and relative stability requirement evaluated. The one that was proved stable was implemented in the bioreactor. Due to the uncertainties of the fermentation process, a self-adjustment mechanism was added to the predictive controller, in spite of the developed mathematical model, in order to avoid some estimation mistakes caused by some non-estimated states of the real process. The controller achieved an adequate performance with this approach. The results showed that the microorganisms were more efficient at a constant 32°C temperature. In addition, both developed controllers presented appropriate results facing the fermentation process requirement, with mean deviances from the referential temperature below 0,6°C and a maximum error of 2,8°C.
Análise morfológica dos termos das pragas da cana-de-açúcar : subsídios para organização de uma base de dados morfológicos para o português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-05)
Oliveira, Carolina Cardoso de
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Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1209152572833374
Research in Terminology is extremely important for the dissemination of knowledge. This way, more studies with the objective of improving the terminological work are necessary and for this purpose, computer science has become an ally, helping the terminologist in his tasks. A computational tool that improves research in Terminology is the automatic extractor of candidate terms. The more refined and detailed the linguistic information present in these systems is, the more precise the list of candidates provided to the terminologist will be. Focusing on offering information to enrich the database used in these tools, this research carries out a morphological description of the terms of the domain of Plagues and sugarcane diseases and a verification of the most productive processes of word formation. The terms considered in this research were obtained in an end of course project, entitled The terminology of sugarcane plagues, developed in 2013. There are 135 terms which were analyzed according to the classification proposed by Correia and Almeida (2012). From this total: 135 are importation of words, 16 are syntagmatic lexicalizations, 10 are formed by suffixal derivation, only 2 cases of semantic extension, 1 of non-affixal derivation and 1 of morphosyntatic composition. With the proposed morphological description, we expect to enhance the morphological database being elaborated by GETerm, offering, this way, resources for the future implementation of semiautomatic extractors of terms that make use of linguistic knowledge, improving its performance. We also hope to contribute with the advance in morphological studies in Portuguese terminologies.
Avaliação de impacto dos projetos produtivos do Programa de Combate à Pobreza Rural no Estado da Bahia : avanços e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-05)
Bicalho, Ellenise Elsa Emídio
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740950346967524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4244515570556074
This thesis aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of the productive projects of the Rural Poverty Combat Program in Bahia (Produzir-III). Poverty in Brazil is concentrated in the North and Northeast regions, and the state of Bahia has the largest number of individuals in this situation. The Produzir-III is a project focused on rural poverty combat in the Northeast and aimed to finance social projects, production, and infrastructure, at no cost and with decentralized governance. The main benefit is a project grant that is given to a community association. A community association is responsible for the implementation, maintenance, and management of its project. Therefore, calls up that the community organization enables the generation of social capital and thus empowerment of beneficiaries. To achieve the proposed objectives were carried out of cases and survey studies. The case studies were chosen intentionally and performed in 2013, with seven studied projects. Additionally, in 2014, 27 projects, of which 19 mechanization projects, 5 of flour mills and three honey processing units, provided data for economic and financial analysis. The selection of the project was performed to comprise each type of productive Produzir-III project. Data were analyzed from the net cash flow, discounted by the methods of Internal Rate of Return. The survey was conducted in October and November 2013. The survey sample included two groups: beneficiary households and the control group (non-beneficiary households). Beneficiaries were selected from productive projects. A control group is a comparison group, which has similar characteristics to those of beneficiaries. Members of this group were selected after the selection of beneficiaries. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics of selected indicators for the two groups, and the measurement of impacts. Before measuring the impact, the two samples (beneficiaries and control) were paired, and then the difference in difference method was performed. The results showed that the associations face difficulties regarding collective and financial management of the project, mainly associated with low level of education and under-utilization of projects. The results of the statistical analysis show that the majority of household heads are male, with an average age around 50 years; low level of education; whose main occupation is farming, working on their own. These characteristics are consistent with the poor people in rural areas. Finally, the difference in differences analysis showed that the productive projects had positive impacts on most of the selected indicators. However, the impact was significant at 5% for housing and housing conditions; car ownership, refrigerator, satellite dish and cattle, pigs, goats, sheep; and associative experience. In general, the impacts of Produzir-III were small and in few respects.
Implementação da rede de atenção psicossocial (RAPS) no contexto na política de saúde mental do município de São Carlos/SP (2010-2015)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-05)
Oliveira, Fernando Calzavara de
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Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2279060043811829
The Ordinance No. 3088, of December 23, 2011, establishes the framework the Unified Health System (SUS) and the mental health policy in Brazil formation guideline and implementation of psychosocial care network .Considering the need for the SUS: 1) encourage the formation of a network integrated, coordinated and effective mental health in different parts of attention to meet people with suffering or mental disorder and needs arising from the consumption of alcohol, crack and other drugs; besides 2) expand and diversify the provision of services to the same population, we seek through this research to analyze to what extent and how this policy is being implemented in the context of mental health policy of São Carlos city at São Paulo State. However, the objective of the study was to verify whether they are being implemented innovative means of intersectoral management, integrated and articulated, that confer efficacy to psychosocial care, along the lines adopted by SUS for mental health, and identify what are these possible mechanisms in order to make recommendations for procedures the gain in efficiency of decentralized management of this policy can be replicated in other cities depending on the higher or lower specificities and obstacles discovered. From the identification fragmentation characteristics of the same during the process of implementation, it was possible to create a picture in order to identify possible variables related to this current configuration. The methodology used was embedded single case study (Yin, 2005), and data collected through empirical observation, semi structured interview script application with managers who coordinate services and agents implementers, and through documentary survey of the records Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs- CAPS AD from Sao Carlos city, between 2010 the 2012. Finally, we concluded that the implementation of RAPS policy in São Carlos city is weakened because of: 1) his condition current training, 2) the effects on structuring of the different models of mental health care that overlap, and 3) the action actors who produces conflict and not cooperation.
A conciliação ambiental e o atendimento ambiental no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-06)
Zanquim Junior, José Wamberto
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Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7672611870413427
The environment, a diffuse and common use right, requires the adoption of swift and effective solution to the existing conflicts and also the prevention of new occurrences. In this sense the traditional judicial resources present in Brazil with the task of solving the environmental demands, due to several factors, such as bureaucratization, absence of equipment, staff and specialization, and decisions, often late, lead to shortfalls, imposing the search for new ways and new directions. In this scope, glimpsing at an alternative to judicialization of environmental issues, the State of São Paulo, by means of Decree No. 60.342/2014 and the resolutions number 51 and number 48, both from the year 2014, issued by the State Department of environment, as well as, by Ordinance No. 18/2014 of coordination of Environmental Supervision, created the State administrative procedure nominated “Atendimento Ambiental e o Programa de Conciliação Ambiental” (“Environmental Care and Environmental Conciliation Program”), to apply penalties to environmental violations provided for in Federal Decree No. 6.514/2008. This procedure aims at the conciliatory solution of conflicts through limited mutual concessions on the percentages of discounts and suspension of the penalty values applied or their conversion into environmental services, due to the unavailable nature of environmental goods, and on deadlines for actions implementation and measures for the recovery of the affected areas. In this sense, the discounts are possible before proof of weakened economic situation, low schooling, commitment to recovery of damages, first offender status and contribution to the procedure. Furthermore, in addition to its conciliatory objective, the administrative procedure is intended to promote environmental education through providing environmental instructions set out in the booklet “Conduta Ambiental Legal” ("Cool Environmental Conduct"), reduce environmental liabilities, and remedy environmental damage. Also, the procedure seeks to add speed and efficiency in investigation and penalize environmental offenders while still in administrative level.
Diretrizes para o gerenciamento de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos. Estudo de caso : Uberaba, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-06)
Rajovic, Katia da Costa Sousa
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1176567653785030
The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a sort of waste that has been experiencing significant arising in its generation rates, consisting of a great challenge to decision makers and to society as a whole when it comes to its management. Toxic substances found in WEEE components are also reason of concern. Thus, the correct disposal of WEEE is essential. In Brazil the law 12.305/2010, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) features the correct destination for WEEE, which now have to be included in reverse logistics systems, taking into consideration all the agents of the generation of WEEE process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a general guideline for the management of WEEE, considering the shared responsibility for the waste, having as a study case the city of Uberaba, Brazil. To reach the aim of this study data was collected from different agents that deal with WEEEs, such as retailers, technical assistance companies, cooperatives and other organizations that receive or give a destination to such waste. It has not been possible to estimate the exact amount of WEEE generated in the visited places, once the respondents have no form of monitoring these amounts. However, it has been possible to identify forms of destination of the waste, and the informal sector was shown to be a frequent option for that purpose. It has also been possible to note that most of the interviewed persons have no knowledge regarding the NSWP nor are taking part in actions aiming the development of reverse logistics programs. Suggestions were listed in the end of the work, hoping to contribute towards future programs for WEEE management, taking into consideration the situation observed and other studies developed by others about the subject.
Preparação, caracterização e aplicação de eletrodos tridimensionais de carbono vítreo reticulado recobertos com filmes de PbO2 para a degradação do corante reativo AR 19 e glifosato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-06)
Farinos, Rosimeire Martins
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8550247962242598
Electrodeposition of a PbO2 film was performed onto reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) substrates with porosities of 45, 60, and 80 ppi, at 65 ºC in a flow reactor, starting with a solution containing Pb(NO3)2, surfactant, and HNO3. Investigation was made of the effects of current density and electrodeposition time on the coverage and uniformity of the PbO2 film formed. The electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and linear potential scanning. The use of high currents resulted in the formation of thick films in regions close to the counter-electrode, which compromised film adhesion, while the application of lower currents ensured a uniform and adherent PbO2 coating. In tests of the decoloration of AR 19 dye using the best electrodes produced, better performance was achieved using RVC/PbO2, compared to VC/PbO2, due to the greater specific surface area and increased hydrodynamic turbulence caused by the tridimensional substrate, which increased the mass transport coefficient and therefore enhanced the degradation process. The optimum conditions for use of the RVC/PbO2 electrode were 3.5 mA cm-2 and 30 minutes of electrosynthesis. Electrochemical degradation of the herbicide was performed using the 60 ppi RVC/PbO2 electrode in a flow reactor. Box-Behnken design was used to study the effects of current density, flow, and temperature on the kinetics of degradation (COD) and mineralization (TOC), current efficiency (ε), and energy consumption (η). The best degradation and mineralization kinetics values were obtained with the upper limits of the variables studied (30 mA cm-2, 150 mL min-1, and 50 oC). Increasing the flow rate from 150 to 1500 mL min-1 increased εG from 18% to 65%, and decreased ηG from 72 to 33 kWh kg-1, reflecting a higher mass transport coefficient. In comparative tests, using degradation of the herbicide and phenol, the performance of the RVC/PbO2 electrode was slightly lower than that of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Considering that the RVC/PbO2 device is less expensive than DDB electrodes, it can be concluded that this tridimensional electrode is promising for use in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Influência de indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais sobre as infrações ambientais nos municípios do Centro Técnico Regional de Fiscalização de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-06)
Tremeschini, Letícia Horvath
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Valente, Roberta de Oliveira Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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Faria, Luiz Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
In face of the worldwide need for preservation of the environment, specific legislations have been developed aiming to assure the environmental rights and allow their attackers to be punished. It is however needs to understand the dynamics of the sanctions that are applied and their relations with the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of the counties where they written the infractions records. It is expected, therefore, to contribute with the formulation and execution of public policies for the preservation and conservation of the environment. In this sense, have been evaluated the influence of some socioeconomics and environmental indicators in the number of infractions records issued in the municipalities that are located in Sorocaba Inspection Regional Technical Center. The indicators used were: area, population, per capita income, municipal gross domestic product, municipal human development index, basic education development index, native forest, the distance from environmental military police headquarters, and also the location of dams and large rivers. The categories of environmental infractions were grouped empirically, and the municipalities by the multivariate method called cluster analysis and the influences of the indicators about the infractions were obtained by multiple regression method. During the considered period, the largest number of infractions have been written in the category "common area", and the year of 2011 which were written the largest number of records. As the analyzed counties, Ibiuna has presented as the place where the majority of the written infractions occurred. Statistically significant relations were found between the number of infractions with the indicators: population, municipal gross domestic product, native forest and the distance from environmental military police headquarters. In general, some adjustments have not resulted in satisfactory statistical models, in which the variables little explain the number of infractions. Even for the adjustments with statistical significance and high values of the coefficients, it was not possible to find scientific explanation or empirical evidence conclusive to justify the relation. Both results indicate that other variables, that not those used in this study, influence the relations analyzed. For this reason, it is necessary that additional studies are performed to help the formulation and implementation of environmental policies.
Efeitos da fototerapia em marcadores inflamatórios, na função mitocondrial e no estresse oxidativo em roedores com diabetes induzida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-09)
Rocha, José Carlos Tatmatsu
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Tissue repair in diabetic patients is hampered by several factors, including secretion of insulin deficiency that leads to hyperglycemia and production of free radicals. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as one of the probable factors of DM. It is known that phototherapy has proliferative effects in tissues with some pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phototherapy using laser and low power LED on tissue regeneration, oxidative stress and mitochondrial markers in diabetic animals. Methodology: 20 Swiss mice (30g, 6 weeks) for the study relating to oxidative stress and 20 Wistar rats (250 g, 8 weeks) were subjected to induction of DM (streptozotocin injection 70 mg / kg) and after 120 days follow up, suffered skin lesions and were treated with Low Level Laser Therapy and LED for 5 consecutive days and on day 6 the animals were killed and the skin removed. Another group of animals (20 male Wistar rats weighing 250 g, 8 weeks) was subjected to laser irradiation and in the LED region of the pancreas for 5 consecutive days and on day 6 animals were killed and the pancreas, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle were removed. Animals were divided into four groups: Sham (healthy control), NID (non-irradiated diabetic), DLED (diabetic irradiated by LED) and DLASER (diabetic irradiated by LED). Levels of catalase, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitrite, collagen content, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), Mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1) liver and muscle glycogen and functional insulin and glucose tests were measured. Results: It was observed in the skin of these animals, increase in collagen content and angiogenesis in irradiated diabetic animals, TBARS levels and lower nitrite in irradiated diabetic. Furthermore, COX-2 expression was higher among NID compared to SHAM and DLED groups. DLED showed the highest scores against MFN2 and FIS1 expression was higher in DLASER group. Laser and LED Therapy altered the expression of VEGF and COX2 and stimulated the proliferation of mature collagen fibers in diabetic animal wounds. About irradiation over pancreas results showed that the NID group, hepatic and muscle glycogen content were statistically lower than DLASER and DLED groups. Adding to these data, the density of the pancreatic duct and pancreatic islets were significantly different when compared to NID. These results suggest that both the low-level laser LED obtained as potential therapeutic effects on the skin and pancreas under conditions hyperglycemic and that both therapies acted modulating histological, angiogenic and mitochondrial parameters on pancreas and skin of diabetic animals.
Dinâmica populacional de Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera Torymidae) em Schinus terebinthifolius na região de Sorocaba, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-09)
Ghiotto, Thaís Carneiro
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Ferreira Filho, Pedro José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3952696627229150
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0006053172794882
Megastigmus transvaalensis is an exotic wasp that attacks Brazilian pepper tree drupes Schinus terebinthifolius in native forests and areas of restoration and ecological restoration in Brazil. The parasitism begins with the oviposition M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius where the larvae hatch and remain internally feeding of nutrients and tissue, affecting germination. The aim of this work was to study the effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity in the population dynamics of M. transvaalensis and determine the parasitism rate and sex ratio of this wasp in drupes S. terebinthifolius. The study was performed with yellow sticky traps and collection of S. terebinthifolius drupes in seasonal semideciduous forest during August 2014 to September 2015, in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The capture of insects through the sticky traps proved satisfactory, and thus can be applied to the monitoring of small Hymenopteros. Populations of M. transvaalensis were negatively correlated with the maximum temperature and population peak in the fall of 2015, meaning that when the maximum temperature has reduced, there is a higher incidence of insect field. The parasitism rate of S. terebinthifolius drupes ranged from zero to 36.34% during this period, making this value an aggravating factor for the emergence of new individuals, since this phytophagous wasp has the potential to be spread throughout Brazil and It poses a threat to the natural regeneration of S. terebinthifolius. The sex ratio of M. transvaalensis was 0.42 and 0.08 in the laboratory field. The bio-ecology and the damage caused by M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius warrant further studies to integrated management
Análise econométrica dos preços de madeira de eucalipto e resina de pinus e avaliação econômica alternativa para seus projetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-10)
Vieira, João Paulo Viel
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Thiersch, Monica Fabiana Bento Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752697322536
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6545372744589630
Historically, in Brazil, small farms were used as a source of livelihood or recreation areas, currently also as a way to supplement income or a way to ensure security. These small investors, for lack of knowledge often end up leaving to make economic analyzes and market behavior before engaging in forestry projects. The work aimed to study the behavior of prices of eucalyptus wood and gum rosin of Pinus elliottii and the economic viability of traditional manner and project alternative that aim to produce these two products. For this we used econometric univariate models to forecast the prices of the products studied, finding a maximum error of 4.65%. Conditional heteroscedasticity models were applied to predict the volatility of resin prices and eucalyptus wood prices for the process, which were 5.72% and 4.28% per month respectively. The bootstrap simulation method was used to determine the volatility of pine resin prices, and obtained a value of 8.76%. The theory of real options was used to determine the economic viability of projects, had their results compared with traditional methodologies. Furthermore, the volatility obtained by the conditional heterocedasticity model and the bootstrap alternative approaches were applied to this theory, no difference in volatility analysis obtained by the bootstrap method. It is indicated greater care in feasibility studies for forest projects across the long term that they demand and due to different results according to each methodology as demonstrated in this work.
A Lei 12.711/12 e as expectativas educacionais de jovens negros do ensino médio público
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-11)
Costa, Paulo Roberto da
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Nascimento, Manoel Nelito Matheus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4486910967478337
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4297895113161821
This study investigates the influence of Law 12.711/12 on the educational expectations of graduating young black high school of Paulo de Almeida Nogueira School of Cosmopolis - SP. Racial inequalities in Brazilian society, particularly in the federal public university, have been combated by the Brazilian State with Affirmative Action Policies for blacks in education. The Law 12.711/12 created the reserve positions of Federal Institutions of Higher Education for students, blacks and indigenous people, public school. The field research was conducted in two phases. At first, a questionnaire to all graduating junior high school has been applied. In the second, we interviewed fourteen young blacks. We found the prevalence of the myth of racial ideologies of democracy and meritocracy in positions of black youth as ways to cover up racial inequality and, in turn, deny the Affirmative Action Policy, in particular the Law 12.711/12. Affirmative Action policies are the result of social struggles of black movements to combat racial inequality covert racism, prejudice and racial discrimination. However, we found ambiguity in the positions of the research subjects in relation to the law, because they do not adhere to the waves of reserve policies to access the public university because they consider that are not inferior by race and skin color - they believe in equality as structuring of race relations. On the other, question the precariousness of public school that does not prepare them to have access to public higher education. They consider that young people from private schools have more access to public universities. We note, too, that their positions are aligned with the space that his parents occupy in capitalist society. The survey results showed that the Law 12.711/12 does not influence the educational expectations of young black public high school, for expressing wish to enter the labor market and continue studies in technical courses and / or private universities.