Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2016-05-25"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Recuperação de reservatórios eutrofizados por atividades antrópicas : estudos em microcosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Pantano, Glaucia; Fadini, Pedro Sérgio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2316956259144120
The economic development of a country depends on good quality of water available, so the conservation and restoration of water bodies are strategic conditions for this to happen. However, water resources have become scarce over the past decades, in quantitative and qualitative terms. A variety of human activities have caused serious problems to the aquatic environment, and eutrophication is one of the most responsible for the degradation of the quality of water bodies, mainly caused by the artificial enrichment of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. There are currently two contrasting scenarios: the excessive presence of phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems and, the depletion of phosphate rock deposits, which endangers the water security and the global food security. In this context the development of technologies aimed at the recovery of the quality of aquatic ecosystems and phosphorus contained in these compartments is of fundamental importance, since the global stock of phosphate rocks is a finite resource and may be close to being exhausted. Various technologies for the remediation of eutrophic environments have been studied, however none of which aims to reuse of phosphorus in agriculture. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sawdust as biosorbent material to phosphorus aiming the recovery of the quality of water resources and its later use as fertilizer in agriculture. The experiments were conducted in two stages, first were assembled microcosm with water and sediment samples from eutrophic reservoir Ibirité/MG, the total incubation time was 159 days, in this time various parameters (physicochemical and chemical) were monitored in the water column, interstitial water and sediment. After the end of this first experiment arose any question about the phosphorus adsorption in sawdust, what motivated the development of a new experiment with samples of the Barra Bonita/SP. This experiment was performed with sterile and non-sterile samples as well as that had or not a previous addition of iron in the sawdust, the incubation time was 240 and 247 days, respectively for non-sterile and sterile experiment. The results of the first experiment (Ibirité) showed that there was a reduction of 90.5% of orthophosphate in the water column of the microcosms and sawdust adsorbed 16.2 μg g-1, this adsorption occurred mostly after 113 days of incubation. In the second experiment results showed that prior to addition of iron not conducive to increased adsorption in the non-sterile experiments, and the main adsorption mechanism may be not via the action of bacteria oxidizing Fe (II). The higher adsorption in the second experiment took place in sterile microcosm, where sawdust adsorbed 66.9 μg g-1 in the period of 247 days. Knowing that the success in the recovery of water bodies depends on the reduction of external phosphorus sources, the studied technology has a good potential application as a remediation technique and phosphorus reuse as fertilizer, mainly because it is an inexpensive technique and easy to use.
Rede temática de atenção às urgências e emergências na perspectiva de gestores hospitalares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Fonseca, Erika da; Lima, Valéria Vernaschi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945420582384290; Sampaio, Sueli Fatima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
This study aims to analyze the integration of hospitals in the Thematic Network of Attention to Emergencies and Emergencies of the Regional Health Department III of the State of São Paulo - Heart region, from the perspective of their managers. Therefore, the research had based on the assumptions of qualitative research, using semi-structured interviews as the main tool for data collection and content analysis technique for the analysis of interviews. The population consisted of five hospital managers from the four participating municipalities. By analyzing, the data from the reports of managers emerged two categories of analysis: potential (1) and limitations (2). From this definition and following the axes of health care management (axis 1), health management (axis 2) and management in education (Axis 3), subcategories were organized; being identified in the potential three (axis 1), two (2 axis) and two (axis 3) and the limitations two (axis 1), three (axis 2) and (3 axis). For this research, the following considerations had obtained the study allowed not only to identify the perception of managers regarding the Thematic Network Emergency Department and its relationship with its equipment manage, but also the possibility of identifying strengths and weaknesses for effectiveness of proposals proposed regarding the network design. It confirmed the need for strategies to boost the creation / consolidation of the Thematic Network Emergency Department in the Region Heart. Finally, the continuous and permanent reflection of professional, local, municipal, state and federal managers can be a strategy for the consolidation of the Thematic Network.
O intérprete de libras no contexto de conferência : reflexões sobre sua atuação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Santos, Kátia Andréia Souza dos; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5119057767581541
The Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) interpreters are already recognized in the country, its importance has been valued in academia and the professional is increasingly sought in the labor market due to greater integration of the deaf in society. Thus, this research addresses issues related to the interpretive act and it aims to better understand the Libras interpreter's role in the conference context. To this end, a descriptive qualitative approach was developed using the method of simple self-confrontation. Three professional Libras interpreters who worked in a national scientific event in the field of special education agreed to participate in this research. The data collection was made individually, during and after the interpretative act by video, and the speeches of the participants then transcribed for analysis. The study showed that conferences are an extremely complex context of action for these professionals, regarding: (i) time, which is limited and generates the need for interpreters take quick decisions to do a good job; (ii) exposure, which due to the prominence given to this professional, that usually stay next to the speaker and under the eyes and judgments of the audience must learn to deal with constraints; (iii) position, which complicates the work of the interpreter, because they need to see the slides projected behind them and the speaker gestures; and (iv) preparation, so important for the appropriate transmission of ideas during the interpretative act, but cannot be always do by the interpreter for various reasons. In addition, it stands out as the method of simple self-confrontation proved to be an interesting tool to self-reflections of the participants of this study.
Lipases imobilizadas em suportes híbridos como biocatalisadores para a produção de ésteres de açúcares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Vescovi, Vinicius; Mendes, Adriano Aguiar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2926571414651131; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7588733842958919
The use of lipases in large scale processes is limited due to their high cost. The reuse of the catalyst can contribute to make the enzymatic process more attractive. Hydrophobic supports are the mostly used for lipase immobilization, due to the mechanism of interfacial activation in the presence of hydrophobic interface. However, enzyme physically adsorbed to the support does not allow high operational stability. Therefore, in this work was evaluated the immobilization of commercial lipases from Candida antarctica type B (CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (LTL) e Pseudomonas fluorescens (LPF) on hybrid supports, that enable the hydrophobic adsorption, followed by covalent linkage between the adsorbed enzyme and the activated support. Silica was activated with trietoxy(octyl)silane (OCTES), (3-aminopropyl)trietoxysilane (APTES) e 3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimetoxysilane (GPTMS), aiming to produce supports with different functionality, as following: silica containing octyl groups (octyl-silica, OS), octyl and aldehyde groups (octyl-silica-glyoxyl and octyl-silicaaldehyde, OSGlx and OSGlu, respectively), and silica containing octyl and epoxy groups (octyl-silica-epoxy, OSEpx). From adsorption assays using the hydrophobic dye Rose of Bengal it was found that the modification of the silica with OCTES significantly increased the hydrophobicity of all the supports. Silica modified with OCTES groups showed to be 4 times more hydrophobic than non-modified silica. The support OSGlu yielded more active CALB biocatalyst, while OS yielded more active biocatalysts prepared with PFL and TLL. All the biocatalysts showed high stability in tert-butanol, specially CALB immobilized on OSGlu (OSGlu-CALB), maintaining 95% of its initial activity after 168 h at 60 ºC. CALB-OSGlu was successfully used in the synthesis of fructose oleate at 55ºC, yielding up to 70% conversion after 9 cycles of 6 hours, while the commercial biocatalyst Novozyme 435 retained around 53%. TLL and PFL were used in the synthesis of fructose oleate at 35ºC in presence of different amounts of water. All biocatalysts showed excellent performance in the ester synthesis when small amount of water (1%, v/v) was added to the organic phase, except for the lipases immobilized on silica modified with octyl and epoxy groups (OSEpx). Small amount of water increased around 5-times the ester productivity compared to reaction without water. Conversions around 70% were achieved at low temperature (35ºC) and short time of reaction (30 min). These results represent an advance in this field from of industrial point of view, where productivity is a relevant parameter for large-scale processes. Finally, porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) immobilized on OS was used in the synthesis of xylose oleate and xylose caprilate, because it is the most inexpensive lipase commercially available. The results showed to be promising, because conversions around of 70% were achieved after 2 h of reaction at 60 oC. Generally, this work showed that the chemical modification of the silica surface with different active groups allowed the preparation of biocatalysts with different microenvironment, which exhibits an important role in the activity and stability of the immobilized enzymes. Besides, the biocatalysts prepared in this work showed excellent performance and operational stability in syntheses of sugar esters, showing to have potential for industrial application.
Linha de montagem para a produção de habitações em light steel frame : projeto e otimização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Vivan, André Luiz; Paliari, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7191823459864289
The Construction Industry (CI), regarding the production of single-family housing in Brazil, is still characterized by the use of techniques and technologies that are highly dependent on knowledge and manpower experience. Thus, in most projects involving the construction of single-family housing, there are handcraft features when the building site is understood as a production system. Thus, it is common to observe the pathological manifestations appearance in post-occupational analysis, in addition to non-compliance with deadlines and budgets. In this sense, this thesis suggests that the CI breaks with some technical and cultural paradigms from the use of an industrialized building system, such as Light Steel Frame (LSF) and from the use of assembly lines, focusing the industrialization of singlefamily housing production. This proposal is based on four steps involving theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical approaches involved the structuring of a systematic literature review, which were identified gaps in scientific knowledge and the research hypothesis, besides the development of basic theoretical framework, the product definition and production system design. The experimental approach was represented by activities related to computer simulation of the production system and its subsequent optimization. The computer simulation was performed with the ProModel® software where was simulated the production of five hundred housing units from the programming logic of the designed system. Seven scenarios were simulated, with the results of its simulation it was possible to identify the most efficient configuration from optimizing the use of some resources, identified by layout B. In addition, the main results of the simulations show that it is possible to assembly the housing unit designed at 11.14 hours, with a cycle time of 5.56 hours, with the settings of scenario seven. The purpose of this thesis and the results can be considered relevant because promote innovation for both the consumer market and to the academy, since it deals with concepts little used or known in the CI. It also enables greater speed and volume of production, facing the Brazilian housing deficit, with significant quality improvements.
(Des)construindo persona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Schwarz, Pedro Max; Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805976848926110
The purpose of this research is to make an analysis of the themes and aesthetics of the film Persona, from Ingmar Bergman, 1966. The first chapter is my analysis of the work, following the model of the writers Anne Goliot-Lété and Francis Vanoye, and the second chapter discusses the critical texts, analysis and interviews connected to the film. I also discussed the difficulties related to the interpretation of movies, and I tried in my own analysis to be very close to the movie itself, despite the tentations to invent more.
Ações de professores de escolas regulares com crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Gallo, Giulia Calefi; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544189440874179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7049557014338455
The main characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are deficits in communication, socio-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal communication and development. In addition, they present restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, insistence on the same subject, ritualized patterns of verbal and nonverbal behavior, fixed interest with unusual focus or intensity. Although people with ASD are considered persons with disabilities (Act No. 12764) being subject to the same laws and possess the rights to be included in regular education, it is still a very incipient practice in Brazil. Considering the ASD characteristics and their impact on interactions in the classroom and the unpreparedness of the professionals dealing with ASD child behavior characteristics in the classroom, are found in the literature the Evidence-Based Practices, identified as effective in teaching children with ASD. However, due to the lack of studies that demonstrate the use of these Evidence-Based Practices in Brazil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the practices used by regular rooms teachers in interventions with ASD children. Five teachers from two regular schools with ASD students participated of the research. Six interaction observations sessions of 40 minutes each in average were made with each of the teachers and children with ASD. Every teacher's action directed at children with ASD was dictated in low voice to the recorder. Subsequently, the speeches were transcribed and those transcriptions sought to identify the actions used by teachers based on a protocol. These observations were analyzed by the rate of responses to the applied practices. The results showed that the main behaviors issued by teachers in relation to children with ASD were general instruction to the room; direct question to the student (physically distant); direct question to the student (physically close); direct instruction - verbal cue (physically distant); direct instruction - verbal cue (physically close); Teacher provides physical assistance; Teacher provides physical tip (involves sign tip and tip by model); Teacher ignores the child's behavior; Teacher physically approaching the child; "Containment" physical (safe in the arm / hand / leg) for the child does not leave the room / wheel / activity. Only one of five teachers offered educational activities tailored to the student with ASD. Teachers use the same actions regardless of the needs of the student. Consequently, it follows the need to modify the perspectives before these children, making possible changes in the actions and procedures used with these children in the classroom to promote learning.
Estudo da eletrodeposição da liga Fe-Mo a partir de um banho à base de sorbitol. Caracterização física, química e morfológica dos eletrodepósitos Fe-Mo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25) Zacarin, Maria Gabriela; Carlos, Ivani Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-9381; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6122251297187148; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1661-5352
Study of the electrodeposition of Fe-Mo alloy from a sorbitol bath. Physical, Chemical and the morphological characterizations of Fe- Mo eletrodeposits. An alkaline solution for the electrodeposition of Fe-Mo alloys was developed with sorbitol as the complexing agent for Fe(III) ions. The Fe-Mo voltammetric profile showed two cathodic peaks c1 and c2 which were, respectively, associated with the reduction of [Fe(OH)2(sorbitol)2]3- to [Fe(OH)2(sorbitol)2]4- and its further reduction to Fe concomitantly with reduction of Mo oxides/hydroxides to Mo and also with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) observed by the analysis of voltammetric curves together with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Fe-Mo electrodeposits with electrodeposition charge density (qd) of 5,30 C cm-2 and 510,20 C cm-2 potentiostatically produced, showed smooth films or with cracks, depending on the deposition potential (Ed). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of Fe-Mo electrodeposits produced with qd of 5,30 C cm-2 showed that the Mo content varied with Ed from 4,88 wt% (Ed = -1,20 V) to 18,92 wt% (Ed = -1,80 V) and with qd of 510,20 C cm-2 from 25,38 wt% (Ed = -1,60 V) to 37,74 wt% (Ed = -1,40 V). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the Fe-Mo electrodeposits indicated the presence of Fe3Mo phase independently of Ed and qd values.