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Um estudo do método simplex e sua aplicação na radioterapia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Salvador, Thaís Reigadas; Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4016488980585578
This work presents an application of the Simplex Method for solving an optimal planning problem for cancer treatment by radiotherapy. The Simplex Method, proposed by George Dantzig, is a matrix procedure walks along extreme points of the feasible region in search of an optimal solution problem. The optimal planning for radiation therapy can be aided by Linear Programming, where the concern is to aplly a high enough radiation in the tumor while saving significantly healthy regions or critical organs.
Elementos de estrutura e governança das parcerias entre o setor público e o setor privado : estudo de caso sobre o Programa Água Para Todos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Assis, Marilia Camara de; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8608608078197831
In the past few decades, following the growing trend to create partnerships between public and private sectors in multiple countries, this topic has been broadly discussed in global academic production. The main purpose of this research is to identify potential relationships in those partnerships’ structure, how they are handled, and the results they aim to achieve. For that matter, this paper presents an overview of the subject, taking into account the context of emergence and development of those partnerships in Brazil and in the world, the different terminologies and concepts used to discuss them, and the multiple possibilities to characterize them. Three aspects were considered for the characterization, namely: 1) the partnerships’ hardware, composed by their standards, constitution and objectives – its physical structure; 2) the partnerships’ software, or how their members relate to one another, to other actors, to their organizations, to society, and to the public and private systems that surround them – its governance; and 3) the results aimed by partnerships. The government program Água Para Todos (APT), one of the measures for the governmental plan Brasil sem Miséria (BSM) – a strategy by the Federal Government (2011-2014), which aims to overcome extreme poverty in Brazil – was selected to approach this theme and to illustrate the rationale behind partnerships between public and private sectors. In the form of different arrangements to achieve the objective of making the access to water universal in the Brazilian semi-arid region, the participation of actors from public and private sectors joining efforts and taking turns on different roles was critical to assure that the goals established by the Federal Government were fulfilled and to foster other benefits for the population as well. It was also possible to observe that the three aspects of partnerships considered for the analysis affect one another. Just as the partnership’s hardware affects its governance, any kind of obstacle faced by the form of operation might result in changes to the previously constituted structural elements. The possibility to reassess the continuous forms of partnerships’ hardware and software might be one of the requirements to achieve the best possible results. At the same time, tracking results along the partnership execution might point to difficulties and bottlenecks which, occasionally, would act as guides to the required changes to its structure and governance.
Caracterização funcional do gene ypkA, homólogo de ypk1 em levedura, no fungo patógeno oportunista humano Aspergillus fumigatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Godoy, Naiane Lima; Malavazi, Iran; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569614985704317; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898786276284560
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogenic filamentous fungus, and the causative agent of aspergillosis, including the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals, most lethal form of the disease. As in all eukaryotes, the plasma membrane of A. fumigatus is composed of sterols, glycolipids and sphingolipids. The sphingolipids molecules are structural elements that participate in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton endocytosis, and cell growth. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the sphingolipid synthesis is regulated by proteins such as the "AGC kinases" known as Ypk1p and Ypk2p that inactivate Orm1p and Orm2p, which are inhibitory proteins of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzyme, the first enzyme that participates in biosynthetic pathway of sphingolipids. Thus, Ypk1/2p are responsible for stimulating the production of sphingolipids in response to several cellular stress factors, such as cell wall stress and heat stress. Here, we aimed to expand the study of sphingolipid biosynthesis in A. fumigatus by functional characterization of the ypkAYPK1 gene by establishing its role in the regulation of sphingolipid synthesis and in the maintenance of cell integrity. To accomplish this goal, one null mutant strain ΔypkAypk1 and a conditional mutant strain niiA::ypkA of A. fumigatus were obtained. The mutant strains were characterized by phenotypic tests aimed at understanding the role of this gene in sphingolipid synthesis, virulence and pathogenicity of this fungus. Subsequently real time RT-PCR experiments were performed to quantify the expression of this gene in conditions of heat stress. The results indicated that deletion of the gene ypkA promotes changes in the development of the fungus, which presents severe defects in the vegetative growth and absence of conidia. In addition, the conditional mutant shows increased sensitivity to lipid synthesis inhibitory drugs. The results also indicate that there is no interaction between genetic ypkA and pathway genes of the cell wall. Thus, we propose that protein kinase YpkA in A. fumigatus is related to vegetative growth and participates in the sphingolipid biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, contributing to the development and integrity of the fungal cell.
A comunidade de Braconidae (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonoidea) em um gradiente altitudinal no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, RJ: taxonomia, distribuição e diversidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Gessner, Carolina da Silva Souza; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4909055267553745
In Brazil, there are few studies on mountain ecosystems that aims the biodiversity conservation, even with hymenoptera parasitoids, especially the family Braconidae, a group ecologically important, because they represent the diversity of other groups of insects, that are their hosts. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of Braconidae fauna into a mountain ecosystem at Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sampling were made with Malaise traps (TOWNES, 1972) installed between 987 and 2255 meters, in two mountain slopes (continental and coastal), comprising three vegetation types of the Atlantic Forest existent in the study area (Montane and High Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest and Campos de Altitude). Four altitudes were sampled for 10 months of sampling between 2011 and 2012 and seven altitudes in 14 months were sampled between 2013 and 2014. In total 9.854 individuals of Braconidae were captured, in which, 8.814 individuals were identified and distributed in 28 subfamilies and 125 genera. The most abundant subfamilies were Alysiinae Microgastrinae, Doryctinae, Braconinae e Opiinae. The most abundant genera were Opius, Heterospilus, e Bracon. The rainy season promoted the major richness and abundance of subfamilies and genera. Two patterns of the richness and abundance distribution were observed: in the gradient sampled in 2011-2012, the richness and abundance increased with altitude showing peak in the highest altitude; in the gradient sampled in 2013-2014 was observed a peak on intermediate altitude, followed by decline with elevation. The richness accumulation curves have not reached the asymptotic stage. However, the richness estimators showed that the sampling period was sufficient to know most of the local fauna. Most of the abundant genera showed high amplitude of altitudinal distribution. It was observed a great number of exclusive genera. Some of the main subfamilies showed preference for higher altitudes. Most of the identified fauna are cenobiont, endoparasitoid solitary of larval stage of Lepidoptera, with small range of hosts. Many identified genera have biological information missing. Apparently the parasitoids community structure was strongly influenced by the vegetation gradient on mountain. The High montane vegetation showed a richer fauna, and the Campos de altitude, showed a more dominant fauna. In the gradient sampled in 2011-2012, cenobionts and idiobionts showed peaks in the highest altitudes, in the gradient sampled in 2013-2014, cenobionts and idiobionts showed a peak in distinct altitudes. In the spatial and temporal distribution of cenobionts and idiobionts, it was observed a typical pattern of competition. In the highest altitudes, ectoparasitoids were more frequent than endoparasitoids. Most of the genera without species recorded for Neotropical Region and Brazil, were more frequent in the highest altitudes. Two genera new for science were recognized, and at least 46 new species were discovered. Studies such as this show the importance of research in altitude ecosystems, allowing the biodiversity and the ecological importance of these habitats to be known.
Quando cães, humanos e ruas se encontram: pensamento, movimento, movimento e sensação entre vidas, afetos, arte e palavras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Gonçalves, Michele Fernandes; Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9405961078398915; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1771840965021188
This work attempts to the encounter between humans, dogs and streets. The focus is to explore the power of the relationships established among these entities, in the public space, when they meet each other and their homes through art. The goal is to affirm the existence and permanence of dogs on the streets and evoke the production of new feelings and sensitive connections between humans and them. The exhaustion of the thought about some prevailing notions on the distinctions among entities, and also the opening to the sensations and affections evoked when dogs and humans meet each other, on the streets, through art and words, serve to the questioning of the relationships between them and their homes, and also to a resizing effort on those relations, enabling the vision of the stray dogs status as beyond the categories of abandonment and suffering. The methodology is the cartography, as proposed by Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, which takes in the experimentation of the thinking, trying to realize the dynamics, fluxes and intensities of the objects and assuming that the thinking and the knowledge production starts always from multiple connections. In the field of the theory, we performed a bibliographic research on contemporary authors of anthropology, philosophy, psychoanalysis and the arts as a way to resume and shuffle some concepts and also make other means and viewpoints possible for the relationships among entities. In the field of the praxis, the fieldwork involved some walking with the stray dogs in the city of Sorocaba. We also produced some narratives taking the fieldwork as inspirations, and some wheat-paste urban interventions, both as a way to create powerful encounters between humans and dogs on the streets where they come across to each other.
O turismo étnico como ferramenta para o etnodesenvolvimento da aldeia Tabaçú Reko Ypy, Itanhaém-Peruíbe, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-15) Mateus, Cássia Aparecida Praeiro; Neiman, Zysman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6435341856481082; Rabinovici, Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3811691903946107
Since the colonization of Brazil, its indigenous peoples have been facing countless conflicts related to the protection of their territories. In the pursuit of better living conditions, several indigenous communities have been thinking of tourism as a local development alternative based on criteria established by their own ethnic groups. The aim of this research was to identify the possible impacts and consequences for ethnodevelopment which were caused by the ethnic tourism developed and applied to Tabaçú Reko Ypy village, which is located between the municipalities of Itanhaém-Peruíbe on the southern coast of São Paulo, from 2013 to 2015. The community develops and performs this activity as a supporting tool for generating alternative income with the purpose of improving their living conditions and recovering their territory and traditions. Due to the fact that it is a recently formed village, no specific literature about its people has been found. All the documents and information about their politics, social behavior and culture have been obtained through semi-structured interviews, participation in field experiences and documents provided by the indigenous people themselves. The theoretical framework for this research was obtained through the existing literature on anthropology and tourism and its interfaces. This community organizes some field experiences related to tourism in partnership with agencies and also autonomously which were monitored and registered for this research for two consecutive years. Through this study, it was possible to identify several consequences arising from ethnic tourism and to reflect on possible future impacts that can be dealt with. In conclusion, this research showed that, through the actions taken by the Ñandeva people over the two-year period from 2013 to 2015, the possibility of making use of new tools and guidelines will be useful for them to achieve autonomous ethnodevelopment with the perspective of an inclusive model of tourism capable of generating income, respecting local culture and promoting environmental balance.