Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-06-22"

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Interpretação analítico-comportamental da inferência dedutiva nas formas silogísticas, a partir da Teoria das Molduras Relacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-22)
Aran Cebria, Jaume Ferran
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9190789655184482
This is a theoretical paper that, given a longstanding difficulty of approaching logical reasoning from a behavioral perspective, attempts to provide an interpretation of Aristotelian syllogisms consistent with Relational Frame Theory, thus proposing a new relational frame, i.e. Relational Frames of Deductive Inference. To that end, it was analyzed, on the one hand, the account of syllogisms found in Aristotle’s Prior analytics, highlighting relevant concepts and, on the other hand, RFT literature, mainly the 2001 book by Hayes, Barnes-Holmes & Roche. In this light, we argue that Aristotelian syllogisms present the necessary features of any relational frame and also a specific pattern and specific relational cues that set it apart from other already defined relational frames. Understanding logical reasoning as operant behavior (in this case, a specific type of arbitrarily applicable relational responding) may constitute a necessary first step in developing empirical methods for the study of such an important class of behaviors.
Uma proposta de sequência didática sobre a Teoria da Relatividade Restrita: perspectivas e avaliações dos professores de física do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-22)
Batista, Carla Fernanda
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Colato, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-007X
Currently, we live surrounded by technology everywhere, which makes knowledge of Modern and Contemporary Physics indispensable. Researchers justify the importance of incorporating these contents into high school education, but there is a scarcity of studies addressing the methods that should be applied in the classroom. For this reason, this study develops research on the development of a didactic sequence of the Theory of Special Relativity in Zabala's conception, which high school Physics teachers analyzed for its suitability, as well as identifying potential contributions and limitations. The research also examines whether the contents of Modern and Contemporary Physics are addressed in the classroom, whether teachers are prepared to teach these subjects, what methodologies they use, and whether they have any limitations in their approach. The research methodology is qualitative. To achieve the intended objectives, three stages were carried out: the first stage was an interview, with the objective of establishing initial contact with the teachers and gathering information about them; the second stage involved delivering the sequence along with a framework containing guiding questions to assist teachers in analyzing it; and the third stage consisted of collecting the analyzed sequence and recording the responses to the guiding questions. The purpose of this stage was to gather further information regarding the analysis. All interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed and analyzed. The analysis of the interview transcriptions was conducted using the assumptions of Content Analysis. Through this analysis, it was observed that teachers are in favor of integrating Modern and Contemporary Physics into high school education. However, when it comes to the specific topic of the Theory of Special Relativity, some claim that it would not be feasible. Some of these teachers do not address Modern and Contemporary Physics, and consequently, they do not cover the Theory of Special Relativity in the classroom, which may be related to the fact that these topics are not included in the curriculum of the state of São Paulo. Some of them also stated that they are not equipped to teach these subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integration of Modern and Contemporary Physics is still a controversial subject, as some teachers find it viable while others do not. Thus, further research and analysis are necessary on a larger scale, as incorporating these topics would support both the initial and continuing education of teachers, as well as the organization of the curriculum itself.
Comportamento de arara-azul-de-lear (Anodorhynchus leari, Bonaparte, 1856) em cativeiro e a influência da técnica flocking na interação de pares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-22)
Favoretto, Gabriela Rodrigues
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4893884541256405
The Lear's Macaw (Anodorhyncus leari) is an endemic parrot of northeastern Bahia state, classified as endangered mainly due to the destruction of their habitats and wildlife trade. It was recently discovered in the wild, and few studies are known for this species. Understanding behavioral patterns of species threatened by extinction is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. Here we describe the behavioral repertoire of a group of this species maintained by the São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation. We carried out observations between October 2014 and February 2015, totaling 348 hours of sampling effort through ad libitum continuous record, in two different environmental conditions, both in in pairs and in flock. We described 60 behavioral states, grouped in categories maintenance, locomotion, feeding, social, stereotyped, reproductive and alert. We also found five patterns of vocalization (alarm, contact, cohesion, reproduction and imitation). Most of the behaviors described for other species is also reported here to A. leari, more similar to A. hyacinthinus. We discuss the differences in order to contribute to the formulation of a behavioral profile for this species, and with information that may assist in maintaining normal behavior in captivity.
Abordagens de modelos de filas com abandono para análise de congestão em Call Centers
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-22)
Ferrari, Sidney Carlos
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6143855122522970
This work deals with the analysis of queueing systems for Call Centers regarding the possibility of the customer abandon the system before being served, due to his/her impatience. The Call Centers are service organizations that predominantly serve customers by phone calls and are considered a particular kind of Contact Centers that serve their costumers through phone, fax, e-mail, chat, mobile devices and other communication channels. From a business point of view, the main concern on the management of the Call Center is the offer quality service with minimum cost. The perception of the quality of services offered is expressed, by customer, for example, through the abandonment of queue, which is considered one of the most important operational measures to evaluate the performance of a Call Center. This work aims to present and apply analytical queueing models with abandonment, represented by generic probability distributions (particularly mixed distributions), as an effective analysis approach to represent the problem of congestion in Call Center systems and support decisions of dimensioning and operations on these systems. Two studies were conducted with Call Center extracted data of a company located in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil and another located overseas, in Israel. The parameters (e.g, arrival rate, service rate, abandonment rate) and some measures of performance (e.g, average waiting time, waiting probability, abandonment probability and traffic intensity) were established based on these data. These sampling measures were equated with the same measures achieved by the analytical queueing models M/M/c+G, M/Gc/1+G and M/G/c+G considered in this research, using the parameters obtained empirically and mixed, Exponential, Fatigue Life, Normal and Lognormal distributions to represent the abandonment (patience) of users. It was observed that in some cases, depending on the considered performance measure, the queueing models with mixed distributions for the abandonment have better results (minor deviations, compared to the real data) than their corresponding with nonmixed distributions. It was observed, also, that independently of the analyzed performance measures, the Call Centers may be represented by a analytical queueing model with a mixed distribution for abandonment times, which behaves better than the others. There were no evidences that the mixed distributions to represent the abandonment times were the best in all analyzed performance measures, but they were always competitive. It was used, also, an experimental model of discrete simulation that properly represents the Call Center in order to check the results of the analytical models and explore alternative scenarios. The same scenarios were considered with the theoretical model and the performance measures achieved by the simulation and by the theoretical models were compared, showing the potential of the use of the approaches based on analytical models with abandonment for the Call Centers analysis.
Ensaio sobre a genealogia, o ressentimento e o mestre ascético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Andrade, Leandro Antonio de
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1924067174536382
This work deals primarily with the possible relationships and differences between Nietzsche and Foucault, considering the philosophical tonic each, from the way they understand and use the genealogical method. Then it makes a detailed analysis of the concept of resentment and ascetic priest present in the Genealogy of Morals. Finally, presents some possible correlations between resentment and pastoral concept of power Foucault, in order to explore their psychological substrate, a possible genesis of religious institutions and the proposal of a new concept, the ascetic teacher who comes to pass the ascetic priest for the appearance of the teacher in middle age.
Elementos de análise combinatória no ensino fundamental : uma abordagem com mágicas e resolução de problemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Bassan, Débora Regina
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804903987729140
This work AIMS to Develop the content of combinatorial analysis in the class of 6th and 7th grade of elementary school II in a school in the state of São Paulo. For this, there was the use of contextualized activities using leaves, activities and resources Involving magic, aiming to arouse curiosity and interest in learning Combinatorial through problem solving. The theme was chosen because of the difficulty of students in solving counting problems and is being explored little in basic education, although it appears in documents oficiais- National Curriculum Parameters and Curriculum of the State of São Paulo. We opted for the mathematical magic feature to make more meaningful and enjoyable learning Combinatorics, seeking the motivation of students to Actively Participate in class, joining the pleasure the act of learning. During the performance of activities, it was Noted que the students felt motivated, Relating the content of combinatorial analysis with a fun practice by magic. They Showed great enthusiasm in carrying out the activities, Especially in the days que had the magic. The didactic proposal with the use of leaf-activities Reached most of the students, who Were Involved and were very active During class, Resulting in collegues learning Combinatorial Analysis content. All activities Reached The proposed objectives, validating the Proposed teacher. After the completion of the activities, students felt more confident to expose Their reasoning, presenting solving strategies and explore the problem in search of a suitable solution.
O protagonismo do educando na construção de jogos e sua replicabilidade em sala de aula como instrumento de fixação e recuperação contínua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Escobedo, Mateus Beluca
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9982618994840441
This work related about games construction and application in classroom, aiming the development of competence and ability prescribed in Sao Paulo State Curriculum, further helping the continuous fixation and assistance. The topics are Sequences, Progressions and Volumes. Each content was initially worked with chalk and board, and, then, valued. Posteriorly the games were built by the students and applied in classroom. After the perception of necessary changes in one of the games, the adjustments were made and the game was reapplied. The results were satisfactory, further having significant possibility of improvement. The steps of the work are separately reported, from the content choices to be worked, passing throughout didactic engineering (diagnostic assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation) beside the results, in way to favor the proper understanding about the work to provide the review of the importance of games as a relevant factor in mathematics teaching, fixation and knowledge building.
Efeito agudo do alongamento estático no desempenho neuromuscular de idosas : comparação entre membros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Gonçalves, Raquel
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Gobbi, Sebastião
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5384743643617207
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
The aim of the present study was to analyze the acute effects of static stretching on isometric peak torque (PT), electromyographic (EMG), maximum range of motion (ROM), peak passive torque and maximum angle passive torque of elderly, in upper and lower limbs. The sample consisted of 15 women (67.0 ± 4.0 years old; 70.0 ± 12.0 kg, 1.56 ± 0.0 m; 28.6 ± 5.0 kg / m2). Isometric PT and EMG activity of the biceps brachii (BB) and biceps femoris (BF) were tested in two exercises (elbow flexion or knee flexion), after two separate conditions: stretching (S) (3 sets of 30 seconds) and control (C). Maximum ROM, peak passive peak torque and maximum angle passive torque were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer after the conditions S or C. Each day, only one condition and a type of exercise were tested and order employment for each condition and exercise were determined randomly. Three post-conditions were made to observe the behavior of force, muscle activity and ROM. The two-way ANOVA showed significant exercise interaction vs. condition (p = 0.01) to isometric PT, and the stretching caused significant decreases in isometric PT values for the knee flexors (8%) and no change was observed in the elbow flexors isometric PT values. There was no significant exercise interaction vs. condition (p = 0:14) to EMG for the BB and BF muscles. In addition, the paired t-test showed that the stretching protocol caused significant increase in the maximum ROM (p = 0.01), but the peak torque and maximum angle passive torque remained unchanged. In conclusion, acute series of static stretching may affect the ability of the knee flexors to produce maximum muscle strength, but do not affect the performance of the elbow flexors. Further, three series of 30-second static stretching increases the knee flexors maximum ROM, but do not alter the peak torque and maximum angle passive torque of elderly women.
Uso de etograma na conservação de Jacutingas - Aburria jacutinga (Spix, 1825) (Galliformes: Cracidae) : comportamento antipredatório e avaliação de dieta como subsídio para a criação e soltura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Rivera, Douglas Nazareth
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4920538834903325
The jacutinga (Aburria jacutinga) is a large frugivore bird in the process of extinction primarily by hunting and habitat destruction. Endemic of Atlantic Forest, currently has limited distribution and isolated populations. For this reason, is the focus of some conservation programs aimed at the captive-breeding for later release and/or reintroduction into unique environments of the species. This study used behavioral assessments in a pre-release rearing system, and promoted training aimed at food aspects and predator recognition. It was observed 31 jacutingas and produced a ethogram with 68 behavioral acts, grouped into eight categories. After, were held training sessions to food type and antipredator type. Food training intended to assess food acceptance and promotion of foraging behavior. It offered 32 different food items, six of which were not accepted. It was noticed diversification acceptance of food items, especially fruits and seeds up to 20 mm, but also leaves and flowers. For foraging behaviors observed, as the capture and handling of food items, they are performed only when the jacutinga achieves the item with its beak. This may be the reason for the jacutingas remain for long periods in the same tree, when it finds items for their food. For the antipredator training it were used three models of predators: a feline (Leopardus tigrinus), one raptor (Pseudastur polionotus) and domestic dogs. In these training sessions were observed eight jacutingas. Both training sessions were positive, with behavioral responses of surveillance and defense to the models used. Also, memory tests were performed where the same models were presented for jacutingas, after 30 days of training. The results of the memory tests indicate that there was a learning result of antipredator training. The jacutingas showed the expected responses (similar to the training) when the models were presented. It highlights the importance of the work, because the results are assisting in the rehabilitation process of individuals to be used in future releases. The entire process developed in this study is being used experimentally as a pilot in" Protocolo de Soltura de Jacutingas " coordinated by SAVE Brazil. The training and the tests are intended to increase the survival rate of birds used in release programs, through techniques that enhance and/or induce the production of behaviors that express survival skills in nature; in this case, foraging skills and predator recognition as behavioral indicators to obtain individual fitness.
Barreiras e potenciais facilitadores para implantação de compras sustentáveis na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-23)
Assandre, Junior Aparecido
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1927212195836219
Issues of environmental concern and changes in the interaction between society and the environment gained prominence in recent years. In this context public educational institutions, among them the Federal Universities should assume a position of spread of initiatives that promote consumption patterns and more sustainable production and serve as a mirror to society, as a vital role in social and professional training of individuals, can significantly influence the aspects of culture, ethics and citizenship. Universities are driving new standards, whether as a result of the provision of social services to them is charged or leading by example by exercising the employer function and consumers on a large scale. Before relevant scenario the general aim of this study was to analyze the barriers and facilitators to implementation of sustainable procurement at the Federal University of São Carlos. The survey was conducted as to its purpose and exploratory and descriptive of its overall objectives. Having a qualitative approach which included multiple forms of research and used as a method action research, in order to understand and intervene in the situation. Through this method were three bidding processes with sustainability criteria in UFSCar. The main results revealed that even though a team of experienced bidding the institution should overcome barriers as a market incipient supplier, products and services with higher costs, lack of involvement of the participating units of the process, low degree of planning and the need for policy institutional sustainable procurement, for effective implementation of this type of acquisition.
Efeito agudo da fototerapia por meio de diodos emissores de luz (LED) na cinética do consumo de oxigênio pulmonar, desoxigenação muscular e na resposta de glicemia e lactacidemia em homens com diabetes mellitus e saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24)
Francisco, Cristina de Oliveira
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7665896448082766
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for quality of life reduction due its negative impact in the physical exercise capacity. The impairment of cardiopulmonary fitness and lower values in oxygen uptake in exercise tests has been associated with factors related with diabetes complications. Phototherapy is a resource largely utilized due it action in biological systems and it may be adjuvant to exercise to improve muscular efficiency and increase aerobic capacity. Thus, the question if this resource may be benefit to populations with DM. Therefore, we proposed a study protocol randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled to evaluate the acute effect of light emitting diode (LED) in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of moderate exercise in cycloergometer, as well as, in lactate and glucose levels pre and post intervention and after exercise in men aged between 45 and 64 years, with DM and health. Then, two studies were performed. In the study 1 it was evaluated the acute effect of phototherapy (LED-150J) in two groups: DM group (DMG) and health group (HG) (n=16 and n=9, respectively). The groups were paired by age and body mass index. The LED reduced significantly the glucose levels in DMG after exercise and do not affect the lactate levels, cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of aerobic exercise in both groups. Our results suggest that LED in combination with moderate exercise decrease acutely the glucose levels in adult subjects with DM. The study 2 aimed evaluate the acute effect of two different doses of phototherapy. Participated in this study two groups of men with DM: LED-150J (n=16) and LED-300J (n=17). The LED-150J reduced the levels of glucose after exercise. The LED-300J increased the lactate levels after exercise in effective session compared with placebo. Any doses changed the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments. This study demonstrated that the phototherapy with LED using the 300J dose did not improved the parameters studied and the 150J dose improved the glycaemia and should be used in combination with other therapies for the hyperglycemia management in individuals with DM. The general conclusion of this thesis is that our findings suggest that phototherapy associated with moderate physical exercise have therapeutic potential to control glycaemia in DM, however, further studies should be conducted investigating the dose window and dose-response capable to change acutely the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic adjustments and lactate levels.
Explorando abordagens de classificação contextual para floresta de caminhos ótimos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24)
Osaku, Daniel
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Levada, Alexandre Luís Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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Papa, João Paulo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
Pattern recognition techniques have been widely studied and disseminated in order to develop ways to improve the e ectiveness of the pattern classi ers using labeled samples. However, such techniques usually work following the premise that the samples are independent and identically distributed in the feature space, taking into account only the local properties of the image and no information about the correlations between neighboring pixels are employed. The Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) classi er models the instances as the nodes of a graph, being the problem now is reduced to a partition of this graph. Although there are approaches that consider the context in the pattern recognition process, there is no such version for Optimum-Path Forest up to date. Thus, one of the main goal of the presented thesis is to propose a contextual version for the OPF classi er, which would employes contextual informations to support the data classi cation task using methods based on information theory and Markov Random Fields for such purpose. Since the Markov models are parameter-dependent and it is not a straightforward task to nd out the optimal values for such parameters because can assume in nite solutions, another contribution of this work is to propose an approach for modeling the process of nd out the parameters as a optimization problem, being the tness function to be maximized is the OPF accuracy over a labeled set. The results obtained by contextual classi cation were better than traditional classi cation results, as well as the optimization methods applied seemed to be a good alternative to ne-tune parameters of the Markov models as well.
Pesquisa-ação para criação de sistemática de avaliação de riscos em responsabilidade civil em uma empresa de seguros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24)
Moraes, Luciano Peloche
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9000512978686078
The insurance market in Brazil and in the world is passing through a considerable growth in its business. This growth is followed by an increasing level of claims that impact directly the results of the insurances companies that faces the challenge of seeing your profitability being consumed by the payment of indemnity to the insured customers. Some of the customers companies have bigger exposure to the Casualty risks, third part risks. One type of industry extremely exposed to those risks is the food industry. There are concepts and risk management techniques to face this trend of claims. This thesis present the development of a project to evaluate and manage risks in an insurance company, aiming to contribute to the quality improvement in the overwriting process of a casualty insurance policy, specifically to the food industry due to its high hazard. The insurance company mentioned has nine offices with nine overwriting teams in different countries, with different cultures, values, exigencies and litigiousness. Those important differences had a big impact in the speed of the implementation and, consequently, impacted also the obtained results. It has been evaluated quantitative results, as the number of inquiries to the engineering team, that present a 33% growth and also qualitative results, as the improvement of input data to the overwriting and engineering team. Another qualitative positive result was the overwriting of customers that was not even quoted in the past and finally the elimination of reinsurance to some customers. The last one will bring a positive result in a near future, by the end of the financial year. To summarize, it is presented the general overall evaluation process and opportunities of futures projects.
Qualidade do sono em mulheres com disfunções do trato urinário inferior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24)
Albanezi, Daniele Furtado
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2883772944805384
Climacteric women have considerable prevalence of both disorders of the pelvic floor, such as urinary incontinence (UI) and nocturia, as sleep disorders, which can compromise the quality of life and sleep. Therefore, this thesis aims to: (1) compare the sleep of quality women's with and without UI and correlate the sleep of quality with the quality of life of women; (2) determine the effects of treatment with electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (ENT) on the sleep of quality in women with nocturia. The two studies used to evaluate the slee´of quality the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) to assess quality of life in addition to these two tools, the study (2) used the Scale Epworth sleepiness to assess daytime sleepiness and by vaginal palpation and perineometer evaluated the pelvic floor muscles before and after treatments. For the study (1) were evaluated 60 women incontinence (UI stress-SUI, urgency incontinence-IUU or mixed IU-IUM) and continents, while for the study (2) were evaluated 40 women with nocturia allocated for the two types of proposed treatments, one group received ENT (GENT) and another group received training of the pelvic floor muscles + behavioral therapy (GTMAP + CT) for 12 weeks with a weekly service. Given the results presented in the study (1), it can be observed that women with UUI and MUI had worse overall PSQI score and worst sleep area and provision of KHQ, compared to women with SUI also IUM was related to worst score of areas: limitation of activities of daily living (compared to SUI), physical limitations (compared to SUI and UUI), personal relationships (compared to UUI). Both women continents as those presented IUU had worse habitual sleep efficiency, compared to those with SUI. Nocturia showed moderate positive correlation with sleep area and provision of KHQ and the total PSQI score in women with UI. After the two treatments proposed in the study (2) was observed improvement in quality according to the domains of PSQI sleep: subjective sleep quality, latency, sleep duration, total score. Moreover, 35% of them now have no more nocturia, indicating that both techniques are effective to reduce the number of awakenings during the night to urinate. The improvement in daytime sleepiness was observed in GTMAP + CT, and daytime dysfunction (PSQI) in GENT. Regarding quality of life, both groups improved in the KHQ domains: AVD limitation, emotions, sleep and mood and severity measures; the GTMAP + CT showed a significant improvement in UI impact area compared to GENT. Faced with the above results, it is concluded that women with MUI and UUI have worse sleep quality and life than women with SUI, and that with the treatment of ENT or TMAP + CT can improve the sleep of quality and quality of life women with nocturia.
Avaliação do potencial biotecnológico de microorganismos associados ao inseto-praga diabrotica speciosa na produção de polímeros biobaseados e biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24)
Perlatti, Bruno
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4970807426339978
Technological development and market pressure turned polymers into widely used structural materials for several different applications, being manufactured by a wide range of monomers. However, traditional polymers usually show some drawbacks regarding environmental aspects, as most used polymers are produced with nonrenewable feedstock and generate huge amounts of non-biodegradable residues. Therefore it is imperative the sustainable development of new bio-based and biodegradable polymeric materials. The use of microorganisms for obtaining biopolymers is a very promising reality. However, in order to achieve viable production in industrial scale it is necessary to overcome economic barriers, by using microbes with good assimilation of low-cost substrates and high biopolymer yields. As such, the objective of this work was the isolation and identification of bacteria associated with the insect Diabrotica speciosa, as well as the evaluation microbial capacity of biopolymer production. The insect presented great microbial diversity, identified as an underexplored niche with tremendous biotechnological potential for the investigation of novel species and/or strains. In an attempt to find bacterial isolates effective on the production of two classes of biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), it was obtained 73 strains of bacteria associated with Diabrotica speciosa. These bacteria were identified at genus level by genetic techniques using 16S rDNA sequencing and by proteomic techniques using MALDI-TOF MS. Both characterization methods yielded 100% convergence on results. It was found 17 different bacterial genera, which were submitted to qualitative screening assays in order to identify strains producing PHA using Nile Red dye method, as well as for EPS by using the bacterial spot test. Promising strains on both assays were selected for further quantitative studies and structural characterization of the obtained biopolymers. Quantitative analyses for PHA production corroborated satisfactorily with qualitative results, especially to bacteria from genera Aurantimonas and Delftia which demonstrated high PHA production capacity with 50 and 90% polymer yield on dry mass, both strains being strains able to use substrates such as glucose, acetate and glycerol. GC-MS analyses indicated that Aurantimonas sp. produced mostly a homopolymer of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), while Delftia sp. was able to produce a copolymer having butyrate and valerate (PHBV), with up to 10% (w/w) of valerate. Regarding EPS production, the screening showed that the isolates were able to produce polymers in variable amounts, with vast and complex structural variations. Strains from genera Acidovorax, Aurantimonas and Luteibacter were further selected for quantitative analysis of EPS production and analytical characterization of the obtained biopolymer. After analyses using NMR, MALDI-TOF, SEC-UV-ELSD and GC-MS, bacteria from genus Luteibacter produced a highly complex polymer rich in mannose, glucose, fucose and xylose; genus Acidovorax produced a glucomannan-type EPS with a high degree of branching; and genus Aurantimonas was able to produce up to 2 g.L-1 of a water insoluble EPS. In face of these results, it was possible to conclude that D. speciosa microbiota showed to be extremely rich in bacterial species viable for exploratory studies with biotechnological context of biopolymer production. Investigated strains showed promising characteristics to be further evaluated in larger scale (fermenters), especially the bacteria Aurantimonas sp., able to produce PHBV and EPS.
Effects of natural aging and gender on pro-inflammatory markers
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-25)
Milan-Mattos, Juliana Cristina
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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Perseguini, Natália Maria
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Minatel, Vinicius
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Rehder-Santos, Patricia
Etograma de mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Mikan, 1823) em cativeiro, com ênfase no comportamento reprodutivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-26)
Oliveira, Mayara Ferreira de
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8180043188952106
The interest in knowing and observing animals increased the habit of keeping them in captivity, starting the creation of zoos around the world. They have being modernized through the time and acquiring a new concept in education and research, in which the conservation of the species is placed in the foreground. The research in captivity cover many areas of study, such as parasitology, pathology, genetics, and more, allowing closer contact with the animal and making it easier to access the information that is difficult to get in nature. However, the study of animal behavior stands out among these areas, as it collaborates with several researches, allowing a more detailed knowledge about the behavioral characteristics of the species, as described in this study. Populations of black lions tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) kept in captivity are targets of researches that aim to get more information about the species, helping their conservation. The preparation of a detailed behavioral catalog for the species was the objective of this article, emphasizing the description and analysis of reproductive and socio-reproductive behavior. Took part in the first stage of the study four couples of captive black lions tamarins in an extra section of the São Paulo Zoo. In the second stage, there were more four captives couples from the Conservation Center of Wild Fauna of the State of São Paulo (CECFAU), where two of them also belonged to the previous group. The observations lasted four months in each study area and were held from Ad libitum methods to make the ethogram (90 full observation hours) and focal animal with instant registration, with 30-minute sessions and 1-minute intervals for frequency analysis. It was also analyzed the use of the grounds of the using area (divided into quadrants) and the proximity of the animals, which have resulted in a high frequency of use of the upper quadrants in the sections of the Sao Paulo Zoo, as well as the holding area and plays in facilities of the CECFAU, being noticed, in both areas, the animals away from each other most of the time of the observation. Forty-five different behavioral acts were detected, divided into 11 behavioral categories to make the analysis of the frequencies easier. The categories most performed by the animals were Locomotion, Food and Physiological behavior for couples of the Sao Paulo Zoo, as well as for couples CECFAU, except for the category “Not visible” that showed high representativeness for this latter individuals, corroborating the frequency that the animals stay in holding area and burrows, where they were out of the observer's reach. In Reproductive and Socio-reproductive behaviors were observed "copulation", "smell genital”, "hold behind", "copulation simulation" and "genital markings". It is suggested non-invasive endocrine studies, by analyzing fecal metabolites concentrations that, associated with observations of behavior, can certainly help the reproductive study of the species.
Soybean biorefinery with residues exploitation : process assessment
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27)
Pretto, Cristine De
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
Soybean seed is a renewable feedstock and the production process of soybean meal and soybean refined oil generates residues that can be exploited, in such a way that the biorefinery concept can be applied to this production process. For this reason, this work aimed to analyse the employment of the biorefinery concept to a soybean crushing and refining facility, exploiting applications for the residues generated during the process. For that, first, information and data from literature about the traditional manufacture process of soybean meal and refined soybean oil were collected and the residues produced during this process were identified. Once the residues were recognized, data in academic literature about possible applications for the residues were collected. Next, the traditional process for producing soybean refined oil and defatted meal was simulated using a commercial simulator. The amounts of residues generated and energetic requirements were calculated. The amount of residues generated during soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) process production were also obtained by simulations of these processes. Following, an application for each residue (except for SPI residues) was simulated in the same software and the results were analysed. It was verified that soybean straw and hulls could fulfill the energetic demand of the crushing, refining and biodiesel production process and even a surplus of electricity could be generated, especially when biodiesel was also used as a boiler fuel. Four residues from refining process are generated: gums, soapstock, spent bleaching earth and deodorizer distillate. From gums, it is possible to produce lecithin. From soapstock and spent bleaching earth, biodiesel can be generated, although it generates more residues and consumes more steam than the production of biodiesel from degummed oil. From deodorizer distillate, it is possible to concentrate tocopherols, which is an antioxidant and can be sold for its antioxidant properties. Soybean molasses generated during the concentration of proteins from soybean meal can also be used for electrical energy production.
Estudo da coordenação do processo de projeto arquitetônico em escritório de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27)
Permonian, Raquel Ragonesi
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Marques Neto, José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9443060034868667
It is noticed in the last years a prominent growth in the national construction industry which has driven to an increase in competitiveness among its professionals. These new levels of competitiveness have led professionals to study possible innovations in the design process to create more efficient and cost effective planning methods. In general, architectural designers choose to develop their products using 2D design software. These tools are often able to meet the minimum representational requirements. However, technological breakthroughs have brought up new methods that are capable of adding quality to the final product, namely the executive project. Therefore, this study sought the theoretical background to present a review about concepts in 2D design process and the context of its coordination. As complement of that, the study aims to reveal possible qualitative increments to the project phases through the use of performance flowcharts of the existing steps inside the studied company, which takes into consideration the current scenario surrounding technologies in Brazil. This approach required the development of case studies to assess the coordination of architectural design process typology adopted in small office. Three projects of different sizes, based on the most commonly found typology in the studied company, were chosen in order to conceptualize the development of the design process. Based on that, the case studies were produced and evaluated to yield proposals for new studies regarding coordinative improvements in the design process. These studies focus an ideal performance model for design project management. Thus, the noticeable outcome of this study is that the target company must incorporate new methods to refine the design process once it presents noncompliant quality and excessive rework due to the lack of compatibility among projects. In addition, another evident fact affecting the product quality is that employees of this company deal with a high demand of parallel activities which reduces their productivity and consequently decreases the quality of the final product.
Envelhecimento, antropometria dos pés e pressões plantares em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27)
Aurichio, Thaís Rabiatti
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Manfio, Eliane Fátima
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238432716592204
Many studies note the anthropometric and postural differences of elderly feet compared with young feet, which may be responsible for the inappropriate use of footwear by older people. The types and characteristics of footwear affect de plantar pressures during gait and, if abnormal can cause foot pain and functional disability in this population. The aim of this study was verify the influence of aging on anthropometric and postural variables of elderly feet over a period of eight years (Manuscript I), and evaluate the foot anthropometry and plantar pressures during the use of different types of usual elderly footwear, with and without foot pain (Manuscript II). In the first study, 47 older people with average age of 76 (5.18) years were evaluated at three time points over eight years. In the second study 31 elderly women with average age of 75.9 (5.6) years were evaluated the foot anthropometry, the foot pain and the plantar pressures during the use of habitual footwear, with the Pedar system (Novel Eletronics, Munich, Alemanha). The values assigned to the characteristics of their footwear were also assessed. Appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted using the SPSS 17.0 software. There are subtle anthropometric differences in elderly feet, which suggests that intergenerational differences showed by literature to occur just prior to the study period. Older women who use flats have higher overload at hindfoot, and those with foot pain have less force at hallux during gait propulsion and higher force at midfoot. These women assign lower values to the walk, fit and comfort of their shoes. Footwear industries should produce specific products for the older people, with modern and functional design and flexible materials that contribute to the fit and comfort of the feet during gait.